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Confirmation in a New Translation
Los Angeles Religious Education Congress 2014
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Outline
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Why a new translation
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Details of the revision
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Why a retranslation?
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Liturgiam authenticam
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Reactions
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Development
Next: Ordo confirmationis
Matrimonium
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The process
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ICEL
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Conferences of bishops
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CDWDS
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Publishers
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New Testament
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Pentecost
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Baptism and eucharist
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Handlaying and the
coming of the Holy
Spirit
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Anointing as an image
of Holy Spirit
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Acts 8:14-17 and
Acts 19:5-7
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Hebrews 6:1-2
2 Corinthians
1:21-22
1 John 2:20, 27
3rd c. B
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Syria: anointing preceded baptism
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North Africa: anointing followed baptism
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Rome: two anointings followed baptism
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Formal rites, but exceptions for illness
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5th c.
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Ambrose
sevenfold gifts of the Spirit – signs that Christ had
confirmed the candidate
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“What did [the priest] say to you? ‘God,’ he
said, ‘the Almighty Father, who gave you
rebirth by water and the Spirit and forgave you
your sins, himself anoints you for eternal life.’
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Bishops presided for initiation at the cathedral at
Easter, but exceptions made for illness, distance, or
work
Bishops “confirmed” exceptional baptisms and
heretics with handlaying and anointing
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Priests baptized infants, offering communion
Bishops presided for initiation at Easter or traveled to
confirm with handlaying, anointing and prayer for the
sevenfold gift of the Spirit
“confirming” came to mean “strengthening”
Priests who confirmed were asked to stop
Celebration tied to availability of the bishop
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5th to the 13th
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Bishops administered baptism, anointing and
communion
They confirmed those who received baptism and
communion from another minister
Infants eligible for confirmation, infant communion
less frequent
Catechesis not necessary
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Orders of
confirmation appear
for the first time
Placed in pontificals
apart from baptism,
seeing it as a ministry
of bishops more than
a rite of initiation
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Various
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Gelasian Sacramentary
aeternam.
Ordo Romanus XI
Spiritus Sancti.
Other sources
Spiritus Sancti
Patris et Filii et Spiritus Sancti
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Pontificals
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Egbert
Jesu in vitam æternam
Roman of 12th c.
chrismate salutis in nomine Patris et Filii et Spiritus
Sancti.
Durandus
salutis in nomine Patris et Filii et Spiritus Sancti ut
replearis eodem Spiritu Sancto et habeas vitam æ
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Rubrics
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Gelasian: sign forehead with chrism
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Roman-Germanic Pontifical
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12th c.: impose hands
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Durandus: tip of right thumb dipped in chrism
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Durandus and the slap
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Memory device
Unashamed to confess the
faith
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Similar to handlaying
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Like an exorcism
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Like the sign of peace
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13
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Infants may have been
confirmed, but their
communion was
deferred
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Fourth Lateran
Council requires
annual communion for
those at “years of
discretion”
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First communion was
deferred till then,
forbidden to infants
7 was suggested as an
age for confirmation
The name starts to
appear
13th to 19th
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Both age and sequence for celebrating
confirmation and first communion were fluid
Extension / imposition of hands
1614 Roman Ritual
confirmo te Chrismate salutis. In nomine Pa
Fi
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Confirmation seen as an occasion for
catechesis
Children received confirmation not before age
7, communion around ages 10-14
First communion became a public ceremony
for children
Opinions about sequence emerge
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20th c.
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Infant confirmation existed in some mission lands
The age of confirmation implied its association
with penance, not initiation
Quam singulari
7, causing catechetical challenges
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20th
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Age and sequence of receiving confirmation and
communion affected by
SC 71: “The rite of confirmation is to be revised
and the intimate connection which this sacrament
has with the whole of Christian initiation is to be
more clearly set forth; for this reason it is fitting for
candidates to renew their baptismal promises just
before they are confirmed.”
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The RCIA re-imaged confirmation
Some dioceses and countries deferred the age of
confirmation to adolescence
Priests received the faculty to confirm those in
danger of death, those they received into the
Church, and adults whom they baptized
The Eastern rites continued to offer chrismation
and communion at baptism
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Canon 889/2
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Outside the danger of death, to be licitly confirmed
it is required, if the person has the use of reason,
that one be suitably instructed, properly disposed
and able to renew one's baptismal promises.
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Draft:
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Added
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Added
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Imposition of hands over individuals or group
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Concluding rites
prayer of the faithful, Lord’s Prayer and final
blessing)
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Draft: April 4, 19
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Specific biblical citations offered for lectionary
Renewal of promises scripted, combining 3
renunciations
pompis
Candidates kneel before handlaying
stand for anointing
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New formula:
Spiritus Sancti
Slap abolished “because no one understands the
meaning of this rite”
Proposed texts for Prayer of the Faithful,
igitur
Communion under both kinds
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Draft: Sept. 15, 19
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Form changes from
Spiritus Sancti.
to
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Editio typica
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“Do you believe in the Holy Spirit, / the Lord, the giver of
life, / who today through the Sacrament of Confirmation / is
given to you in a special way / just as he was given to the
Apostles on the day of Pentecost?”
Imposition of hands over “all those to be confirmed”
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Priests could join the gesture, but bishop recited the
prayer
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English translation had bishop “extend” hands
Kneeling posture removed
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Translations
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Formula
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N
ICEL 1972: “Be sealed with the Holy Spirit,
the gift of the Father.”
Current: “
Holy Spirit.”
seductionibus
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Collect
Grant, we pray, almighty and merciful God,
that the Holy Spirit, coming near
and dwelling graciously within us,
may make of us a perfect temple of his glory.
Through our Lord Jesus Christ, your Son
[8th c. Gregorian Sacramentary]
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Alternate Collect
Fulfill for us your gracious promise, O Lord, we pray,
so that by his coming
the Holy Spirit may make us witnesses before the
world
to the Gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ.
Who lives and reigns with you….
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over the Offerings
Receive in your mercy, O
Lord, / the prayers of
your servants
as they share in the
memorial of his
redemption,
and grant that, being
conformed more
perfectly to your Son,
by which he gained for us
your Holy Spirit.
Through Christ our
Lord.
they may grow steadily in
bearing witness to him,
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after Communion
Accompany with your
blessing / from this day
forward, O Lord,
so that, with all trials
overcome, / they may
gladden your Church by
their holiness
those who have been
anointed with the Holy
Spirit / and nourished by
the Sacrament of your
Son,
and, through their works
and their charity, / foster
her growth in the world.
Through Christ our Lord
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over the People
may they never be
ashamed
Confirm, O God,
what you have brought
about in us,
to confess Christ
crucified before the
world
and preserve in the
hearts of your faithful
and by devoted charity /
may they ever fulfill his
commands.
the gifts of the Holy
Spirit:
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Deus omnipotens, Pater Domini nostri Iesu
Christi, qui hos famulos tuos regenerasti
ex aqua et Spiritu Sancto,
liberans eos a peccato, tu, Domine, immitte in
eos Spiritum Sanctum Paraclitum; da eis
spiritum sapientiæ et intellectus,
spiritum consilii et fortitudinis,
spiritum scientiæ et pietatis;
timoris tui. Per Christum Dominum nostrum.
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Current Prayer
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All-powerful God, Father of our Lord Jesus
Christ, / by water and the Holy Spirit / you freed
your sons and daughters from sin / and gave them
new life. / Send your Holy Spirit upon them / to be
their Helper and Guide. / Give them the spirit of
wisdom and understanding, / the spirit of right
judgment and courage, / the spirit of knowledge
and reverence. / Fill them with the spirit of wonder
and awe in your presence. / We ask this through
Christ our Lord.
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Proposed Revision
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Almighty God, Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, /
who brought these your servants to new birth / by
water and the Holy Spirit, / freeing them from
sin: / send upon them, O Lord, the Holy Spirit, the
Paraclete; / give them the spirit of wisdom and
understanding, / the spirit of counsel and fortitude,
/ the spirit of knowledge and piety; / fill them with
the spirit of the fear of the Lord. / Through Christ
our Lord.
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All-powerful God, Father of
our Lord Jesus Christ, / by
water and the Holy Spirit /
you freed your sons and
daughters from sin / and gave
them new life. / Send your
Holy Spirit upon them / to be
their Helper and Guide. / Give
them the spirit of wisdom and
understanding, / the spirit of
right judgment and courage, /
the spirit of knowledge and
reverence. / Fill them with the
spirit of wonder and awe in
your presence. / We ask this
through Christ our Lord.
n
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Almighty God, Father of our
Lord Jesus Christ, / who
brought these your servants to
new birth / by water and the
Holy Spirit, / freeing them
from sin: / send upon them, O
Lord, the Holy Spirit, the
Paraclete; / give them the
spirit of wisdom and
understanding, / the spirit of
counsel and fortitude, / the
spirit of knowledge and
piety; / fill them with the spirit
of the fear of the Lord. /
Through Christ our Lord.
Imposition of the Hand
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Proposed translation of rubric: “Then the Bishop
lays hands upon all those to be confirmed
Pope Paul VI
CONFIRMATION
ANOINTING
WHICH
HAND
SIGNACULUM
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Revision
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“Hope: A World Afire”
Pope Paul VI
include in this revision what concerns the very
essence of the rite of Confirmation, through which
the Christian faithful receive the Holy Spirit as
Gift.”
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