talk

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INRIA Grenoble Rhône-Alpes Evaluation Seminar
March 2010
Zoom on Sensor
Networks :
Big Brother or Big
Buddy ?
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Sensor networks are….
… a distributed & communicating measurement architecture
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Coordinator
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Relay device
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Simple Device
Evaluation Seminar
March 2010
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Sensor networks are…
.. simple but complicated objects:
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The radio medium
The protocols: MAC, routing, auto-organization, transport…
Security / privacy
Energy consumption
The network scale: 2 ~ 100.000
And so much more
Not only scientific / technical but also ethical and social issues:
« Will Big Brother be watching us ? »
« Will Big Buddy give us a hand ? »
Evaluation Seminar
March 2010
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… application-driven networks
So let’s take a look at applications, e.g.:
« Keeping pacemakers safe » PLANETE
« Bio-logging » ADT INRIA / SENSTOOLS
« Understanding epidemics in hospitals » MOSAR / TubExpo
Evaluation Seminar
March 2010
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… application-driven networks
So let’s take a look at applications, e.g.:
« Keeping pacemakers safe » PLANETE
« Bio-logging » ADT INRIA / SENSTOOLS
« Understanding epidemics in hospitals » MOSAR / TubExpo
Evaluation Seminar
March 2010
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« Keeping Pacemakers Safe »
•  Manufacturers have started adding wireless capabilities to many
Implantable Medical Devices (IMD)
•  This allows doctors to access vital information and send commands to
these devices quickly,
•  but security researchers have raised security concerns:
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Most IMD does not provide any security
They are vulnerable to many attacks:
•  An attacket can modify configuration and retrieve confidential data
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March 2010
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« Keeping Pacemakers Safe »
•  IMD security is a challenging problem:
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Security vs Safety tradeoff
•  2 contradictory design requirements:
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IMD must not be accessible to an attacker
•  An attacker could kill a patient
IMD must always be accessible to a doctor
•  Even if the doctor has the credential !
•  We cannot put the patient’s life at risk because of security !
•  How can we solve this dilemna ?
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March 2010
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« Keeping Pacemakers Safe »
•  Planete’s solution: Proximity Based Access Control
•  Restrict access to implantable medical devices depending on the
physical proximity of the communicating device
•  Combine key exchange and distance bounding
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The IMD verifies that the reader is physically « close » before exchanging a
key
•  The distance is configurable according to the sensibility of the operation
•  If reader is close, the key exchange succeeds and the key is used to
secure the communication (reader can go away)
•  If the reader is too far, the key exchange aborts
•  Security / Safety trade-off:
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Doctors can always get access to IMD by getting close to the device (~2/3cm)
Attacker cannot get access to the IMD… unless getting very close !
•  The patient is likely to detect him !
Evaluation Seminar
March 2010
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« Keeping Pacemakers Safe »
•  Distance bounding based on ultra-sound
signals
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IMD sends an ultra-sound signal at time t
and waits for on the reply channel at time
t+δ
It then estimates the distance
•  d = δ*vs with vs the sound speed
•  If d < 3cm, the key exchange is
performed, else it is aborted
•  This scheme has been prototyped and
tested
•  This solution has been attented and
published at ACM CCS’09 (Computer and
Communication Security)
Evaluation Seminar
March 2010
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… application-driven networks
So let’s take a look at applications, e.g.:
« Keeping pacemakers safe » PLANETE
« Bio-logging » ADT INRIA / SENSTOOLS
« Understanding epidemics in hospitals » MOSAR / TubExpo
Evaluation Seminar
March 2010
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« Bio-logging applied to sport »
My definition of bio-logging: to observe, analyse and understand
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what an individual experiences during « its life »
how it reacts and adapts to its environment or to a stressing constraint
using bio-loggers a.k.a. sensor nodes / networks
The X-Trem-Log project:
« What about monitoring an ultra-runner and its environment 24/24, 7/7
during the 25th Marathon des Sables »
Evaluation Seminar
March 2010
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« Bio-logging applied to sport »
Objectives:
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Gather physiological data on the ultra-runner
Gather biomecanical data on the ultra-runner
Gather environmental data during the race
Analyse data…
7 days race in the desert, in self-suffisance:
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Ergonomy: the system should operate without an operator
Robustness: the system should resist the desert conditions
Non-intrusivity: the system should not incommodate and must be light !
Autonomy: the system should operate during the whole race
Reliability: the system can not be maintained nor repaired
Something that has never been done before…
Evaluation Seminar
March 2010
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« Bio-logging applied to sport »
Finally very close to ethology:
But interesting in many domains:
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Physiology
Bio-mechanic: fédération française de ski (FFS)
Ethology: IPHC, CNRS
Sport / safety equipment: Salomon Sports
Physical rehabilitation: INRIA Demar
Robotic…
Evaluation Seminar
March 2010
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« Bio-logging applied to sport »
A Body Area Network (BANet): a distributed measurement
architecture at the human / animal scale
Participation of Salomon Sports for the sensor node integration in
the equipment
Evaluation Seminar
March 2010
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« Bio-logging applied to sport »
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March 2010
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… application-driven networks
So let’s take a look at applications, e.g.:
« Keeping pacemakers safe » PLANETE
« Bio-logging » ADT INRIA / SENSTOOLS
« Understanding epidemics in hospitals » MOSAR / TubExpo
Evaluation Seminar
March 2010
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« Understanding epidemics in hospitals »
Sensor nodes can be used to monitor interactions between
individuals
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physical distance ~ radio distance
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March 2010
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« Understanding epidemics in hospitals »
Two projects:
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Europe MOSAR: nosocomial infections in the healthcare context
AFFSET TubExpo: tuberculosis and healthcare workers
Three deployments of large scale sensor networks:
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Bichat hospital: 3 months, 100 sensors
La Pitié – Salpétrière hospital: 3 months, 100 sensors
Berck hospital: 6 months, 600 sensors
Analysis of the interactions between
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Health-Care workers – Patients
Health-Care workers – Health-Care workers
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March 2010
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« Understanding epidemics in hospitals »
Understanding contact frequency, duration, depending on:
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The individual
The pathology
Not forgetting the impact of the measure:
measure
w. errors
Evaluation Seminar
March 2010
analysis
modeling
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Applications require developments and support
So let’s take a look at developments, e.g.:
Hardware: ADT SensTools, SED
Softwares, e.g.: « WSNet / WSim » AMAZONES, D-NET, SWING
Experimentation: « SensLab » AMAZONES, D-NET, SED
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March 2010
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« SensLab »
Evaluation Seminar
March 2010
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« SensLab »
A very large scale open wireless sensor network testbed
Evaluation Seminar
March 2010
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« SensLab »
LEDs
FLASH
MSP430
ID
Evaluation Seminar
March 2010
Antenna
Daughter board connector
I/O + JTAG
Sound
Radio
Light
Temperature
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« SensLab »
Control node
Open node
Gateway SensLAB
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4
Evaluation Seminar
March 2010
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« SensLab »
At INRIA Rhône Alpes,
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March 2010
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« SensLab »
At INRIA Rhône Alpes,
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March 2010
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« SensLab »
First Opening the 24th
of november 2009
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March 2010
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To conclude with Sensor Networks
Sensor networks offer:
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a wide area of research and study
in a wide range of domains
a common object of study
« We should not loose ourselves and remain application-driven »
Sensor networks offer the opportunity to change scale:
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E.g.: epidemiology, bio-logging, biomechanics, environment monitoring, etc.
In this context, the challenge is both:
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To collect the data
To analyse the data
To model the data
Evaluation Seminar
March 2010
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