REPORT on Water Management in the Slovak Republic 2002

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE OF THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC
REPORT
on Water Management
in the Slovak Republic 2002
(GREEN REPORT)
Bratislava November 2002
1
Contens
PREFACE ...................................................................................................................1
A. POSITION OF THE WATER MANAGEMENT......................................................3
1.
Status of wm in the framework of economy in the slovak republic (SR) .....................3
1.1 Development of selected water management indicators linked to national economy .3
1.2 Relation of water management and the state budget....................................................4
2.
Organization, legal and enterpreneurial structure of the sector ..................................8
2.1 State administration......................................................................................................8
2.1.1 Local authorities of the state administration ......................................................8
2.2 Entrepreneurial structure of the sector .........................................................................8
2.3 Property Structure ......................................................................................................11
2.4 Research, education, consultancy...............................................................................13
2.5 Information technology ..............................................................................................16
2.6 Autonomous organizations.........................................................................................17
3.
International status of water management ...................................................................19
4.
Preparation for joining EU.............................................................................................22
B. IMPLEMENTATION OF OBJECTIVES OF WATER MANAGEMENT POLICY .26
1.
Production indicators in drinking water supply and sewage ......................................26
1.1 Water sources .............................................................................................................26
1.1.1 Surface water sources .......................................................................................26
1.1.2 Subsurface water sources .................................................................................30
1.1.3 Water sources protection ..................................................................................34
1.2 Drinking water supply by public water supply networks...........................................38
1.3. Sewerage and waste water treatment .........................................................................40
2.
Production indicators in watercourses ..........................................................................42
2.1 Water sources utilization and other benefits ........................................................42
3.
Natural disasters..............................................................................................................46
4.
Development of investments ...........................................................................................48
5.
Economics In water management ..................................................................................50
5.1 Income policy .............................................................................................................50
5.2. Impact of economical instruments .............................................................................53
5.2.1 Prices ................................................................................................................53
5.2.2 Taxes.................................................................................................................57
5.2.3 Credits...............................................................................................................58
5.2.4 Employment......................................................................................................58
5.2.5 Multi-source financing .....................................................................................59
6.
Legislation activity ..........................................................................................................60
C. BASIS FOR THE BUDGET 2003 .......................................................................62
2
D. CONCEPTIONAL INTENTIONS IN THE FIELD OF WATER MANAGEMENT
POLICY IN THE YEAR 2003 ..............................................................................64
List of abbreviations .................................................................................................................65
3
P R E FA C E
Since 1993, in accordance with the Slovak National Council Decree, an annual Report
on Water Management, so called Green Report has been submitted by the Ministry of Soil
Management of the Slovak Republic to the Slovak Government, the National Council and the
wide public.
The Report on Water Management in the Slovak Republic 2002 is presenting a complex
overview on goals achieved in a wide spectrum of water management activities, evaluating
the status of the sector in the year 2001 and pointing out those economic factors that have
influenced activities of the state enterprises of water management.
The Green Report is giving the characteristics of water management, its position within
the economy of the Slovak Republic and in the international context, as well as the
entrepreneurial structure of the sector, scientific and research basis including. In the field of
the international co-operation the water management is being presented in various
international organizations, commissions, committees, associations, taking an active part in
international programmes and projects. In accordance with the pre-accession strategy it is
inevitable to implement the framework EU directive in the field of water management policy
enabling improving and adjusting of the Slovak provisions in the field of water management
with regard to other environmental directives of EU.
The Report is evaluating the realization of objectives of conception and principles of
water management policy. Besides the material and human recourses evaluation the report
concentrates on the production in water management, results achieved in drinking and
technical water supplies, sewage and waste water treatment and evaluation of the profit of
water courses utilization. A major space is devoted to the economy and economic instruments
in water management.
The Report is stating, that the total number of inhabitants supplied by water from the
public water supply system in the year 2001 has been increased in comparison with the
previous year to 83,6% out of the total number of inhabitants of the Slovak Republic.
Development of public sewage systems is being behind the public water supply systems
development. The percentage of inhabitants living in houses connected to public sewage
systems has been increased to 55,2%. Existing water sewage capacities in many cases do not
meet the conditions of present-day legislation which sets the claim of their re-construction or
re-building in order to reach higher effect of treatment.
In 2001 the flood situations occurred on the territory of Slovakia as a result of rich
precipitation and huge spring waters. 379 municipalities have been afflicted by floods and
22 993 ha of the agricultural soil have been flooded. Damages and costs of floods reached the
amount of 2 049,8 mil. Sk. Annual floods call for an urgent treatment of the problem of flood
protection.
The „Program of the Flood Protection in the SR until 2010“, approved by the Slovak
Government has become the basis for the future flood protection policy and strategy.
Unfortunately, there is lack of financial sources to cover its implementation.
In connection with the budget for 2003 the Report is dealing with the quantification and
reasoning of financial resources necessary for water management, while referring to
disproportion between the finance allocated and the reality.
1
Following the results of present development and lasting problems in water
management, the Report is giving measures issuing from the „ Conception of the Water
Management Policy by the year 2005“. New legislative measures ought to create conditions
for water management activities in the market economy and reflect the claims of the EU
Framework Directive on Water. According to a new Act on Waters No. 184/2002 Dig and
changes and supplements to some other acts (Water Act), a new Slovak Government Decree
is needed specifying the payments, fees and details connected with payments for utilization of
waters and services.
In the economical field, in accordance with the EU Directive on Water, it is necessary
to adopt the principle of direct payments and thus to ensure sources for financing
administration and operation of water courses, financing of investment constructions, while
gradually decreasing the claim on the state budget resources. In accordance with the
amendment to the Act No. 276/2001 Dig. on regulation in the network sectors, via the Office
for the Regulation of Network Sectors, the factual regulation of drinking and sewage water
payments and some other payments for utilization of water, will be applied.
Some organizational changes will be necessary, mainly those connected with the
property transfer of water and sewage systems state enterprises to the ownership of
municipalities and with water management indebtedness and bilateral agreements between
water management and energetic.
In connection with the integration affords of the Slovak Republic the Green Report
represents the basis for stating tasks and goals necessary to be accepted in order to become an
equal partner of the European countries community.
Pavel Koncoš
Minister of Agriculture
of the Slovak Republic
2
A. POSITION OF THE WATER MANAGEMENT
1.
STATUS OF WM IN THE FRAMEWORK OF ECONOMY IN THE
SLOVAK REPUBLIC (SR)
Activities of the water management (WM) indirectly influenced the social and
economic development of Slovakia. Water as a raw material for drinking water production as
well as a vital liquid and raw material entered almost all-manufacturing processes. But water
became also a destructive element that hit different locations of the Slovak territory and
caused damages on people and animals’ lives as well as material damages. The principle of
minimizing negative impacts on the environment, having in mind sustaining it for the future
generations has been exercised when utilizing and handling water, its drainage and treatment.
1.1
DEVELOPMENT
OF
SELECTED
WATER
INDICATORS LINKED TO NATIONAL ECONOMY
MANAGEMENT
All branches of the national economy are to a great extend water users. The highest
requirements on quality of water have industry, communal and flat sphere. Special
requirements on the humidity there are from the side of the agriculture. It is necessary to
envisage the claims on water in a wider context than it is possible to express them in numbers.
Different share of water sources and water consumption is compensated by the accumulation.
It is the exacting character of basic funds that makes water management one of the most
demanding in the national economy. Water management enterprises have the monopolistic
position on the domestic market regulated by the state price policy and control.
The development of domestic product, employment, salaries in the water management
sector are in the compliance with the Slovak wide trend. The indicators for the year 2001
show a slight decrease. Hence, it follows that despite of long term problems in water
management and unfavourable climatic conditions, disastrous floods, debts and liabilities lack
of financial sources for operation and investment development, the water management keeps
the rhythm with the economical activities in the national economy.
The gross domestic product (GDP) in terms of water management involves all revenues
of water management including subsidies, which have been granted to water management via
State Water Management Fund of SR for public beneficial activities. The same is true for
other operations of water management state enterprises, that ensured economic efficiency and
economic stability of the enterprises (construction and assembling activities, sales of river
material, investment activities, water management chemistry, rent of hydroelectric power
stations, water management development). These are first of all earnings from the sales of
own products and services.
3
Development of selected water management indicators linked to national economy of the SR
Table No. 1.1.1
Unit
Indicator
1998
unit.
1999
%
unit.
2000
index
1999/1998
unit.
2001
index
2000/1999
unit
index
2001/2000
Gross domestic product
mld. Sk
750,8
100,0
815,3
108,6
887,2
108,8
964,6
108,7
Of which: water
management
mld. Sk
9,2
100,0
9,4
102,2
10,1
107,4
10,7
105,9
Employees
Number
thous.
2 032
100,0
1 988
97,8
1 977
99,4
2 006
101,1
out of: WM
Number
14 841
100,0
14 318
96,5
14 125
98,7 14 203
100,6
Average monthly salary
Sk
10 003
100,0
10 728
107,2
11 430
106,5 12 365
108,2
out of: WM
Sk
10 227
100,0
10 941
107,0
12 189
111,4 13 129
107,7
Source: SI SR, Statistical Report on the basic development trends in the economy of the SR, 2001 and
Information letters 1999-2001, Ministry of Labour of SR
- Since 1999 only state enterprises of WM
- Data on state of WM from previous years are newly updated by the SI SR
1.2
RELATION OF WATER MANAGEMENT AND THE STATE BUDGET
Year 2001
When developing the proposal of the state budget costs for water management in 2001,
Slovak Government decrees, the Program Declaration of the Slovak Government,
interventions of the members of the National Council of the SR and the need of providing for
a continuing preparation and implementing of development investment actions emphasising
priority of financial provision for the important structures under construction, have been taken
into consideration.
After budgetary measures of the Ministry of Finance of the SR the original volume of
capital expenditures from the state budget on investment construction for the state enterprises
in water management has been increased from 800,0 mil. Sk up to 994,30 mil. Sk, out of this
982,6 mil. Sk has been used.
In the watercourses sector the financial resources of 332,2 mil. Sk have been spent as
capital expenses and a capital transfer for common investment activities. As system subsidies
(228,30 mil. Sk) and a transfer for common investment activities (11,4 mil. Sk) they have
been used to secure the implementation of the most necessary preparatory activities on
important water management constructions that are being planned to be built in the near
future and to secure the breakdown constructions. The volume of 134,2 mil. Sk has been
increased for financing the project” Floods on the territory of Slovakia in 1997-1999.
Removal of negative effects and preventive measures”. The project is being co-financed by
the Council of Europe Development Bank in the form of the loan with the Slovak
Government guarantee. In terms of individual subsidies (92,5mil. Sk) the most urgent
development investment activities have been carried out. (see B.4. Development of
Investments).
The water supply and sewage system constructions have been financed from the state
budget by an amount of 650,4 mil. Sk based on the urgent needs of different enterprises,
above all special subsidies allocated for providing drinking water delivery to municipalities
located in the protected area of Mochovce Nuclear Power Station (265,4 mil. Sk), individual
4
and system subsidies to finance the construction of drinking water supply systems, extension
of water resources and drinking water treatment, as well as waste water treatment and sewage
which could be implemented within the fund ISPA. There was an increase of capital expenses
for the implementation of the investment activity “Water supply network for the industrial
park Lozorno“ (60 mil. Sk) (see B.4 Development of Investments).
In addition to claims for the state participation in financing the development projects in
water management the draft of the state budget exercised non-investment subsidies as a
common transfer to the State Water Management Fund of Slovak Republic (SWMF SR), out
of which non-investment subsidies have been provided to reimburse the costs of publicbeneficial activities to the Slovak Water Management Enterprise, s.e. Banská Štiavnica in the
amount of 150,0 mil. Sk.
In addition to mentioned, investment and non-investment subsidies from the state
budget, there were in 2001 financial resources granted for the activities of the Commissioner
of the Slovak Government for the construction and operation of the River Power Project
Gabčíkovo-Nagymaros - 6,0 mil. Sk, for environmental monitoring in the framework of the
Agreement between Slovak and Hungarian Government on some temporary technical
measures and discharges to the river Danube and the Moson channel, issued on 19th April
1995, Art.4 - 8,0 mil. Sk, for the activities of the governmental delegation negotiating with
Hungary the implementation of the verdict of the International Court of Justice in the case of
Gabčíkovo-Nagymaros Project amounting to 3,0 mil. Sk, for development of science and
technological projects 40,0 mil. Sk, for specific tasks from the current transfer 20,270 mil. Sk
and for normalization and standardization 0,414 mil. Sk.
Breakdown for the year 2002
Total volume of approx. 63,5 mil. Sk is necessary in order to secure the development in
investments of the water management in accordance with the Conception of Water
Management Policy of the Slovak Republic by 2005.
Water management claims every year for investment subsidies, which would secure
financially not only realization of decisive developmental water management projects, but
also creating preconditions for the final implementation of health and water management
investments that are long–term under construction. Financial requirements of watercourses
sector should handle at least the most urgent projects in order to provide for flood protection
of the most threatened locations.
Within the capital expenses of the state budget for the year 2002 the Ministry of
Finance of the Slovak Republic has approved financial amount of 600,9 mil. Sk for water
management for the purposes of the system and individual expenditures, out of this 158,8 mil.
Sk for watercourses and 442,1 mil. Sk for health water management constructions (out of
this 255,1 mil. Sk is specifically allocated for the construction of „ Water feeders and water
network in municipalities of the protected area of Mochovce Nuclear Power Station). This
represents 533,2 mil. Sk and 67,7 mil. Sk within partially and newly started constructions.
Budget means of 442,1 mil. Sk allocated for water and sewage system enterprises are
totally insufficient to support the level of drinking water supply drainage and treatment of
wastewater in the SR. In the case this trend in financing will continue, collapse of water
management could be expected due to obsolete machines and technological equipment even
in the case of successful transformation process and even if property of water and drainage
system enterprises is transferred into the ownership of municipalities.
5
In accordance with the breakdown of the state budget for the year 2002, amounting
158,8 mil. Sk for water courses, volume of 61,6 mil. Sk has been allocated for the Slovak
Water Management Enterprise, s.e. (out of this 18,5 mil. Sk for the Autonomous Warning and
Notification System on 5 water projects in Slovakia further to the Act on Civil Defence and in
accordance with the Council of Defence Resolution and 43,00 mil. Sk for the reconstruction,
enlargement and upgrade of MME ) and 97,2 mil. Sk for the Water Engineering Construction,
s.e. Bratislava, to finish the constructions Re-location of the village Slatinka, and as well as
for securing the continual preparation of the development projects and 36,3 mil. Sk for the
Autonomous Warning and Notification System on the Gabčíkovo water project.
On the basis of the Slovak Government Decree No. 103 of 6th February 2002 to the
proposal of state funds transformation to the section of the Ministry of the Soil Management
of the SR valid since 1st January 2002, the capital transfers for 2002 on development water
management investments have been changed as follows: current expenses, out of this current
transfers in the amount 199,0 mil. Sk, capital expenses, out of this 290,0 mil. Sk for the
development investments for water management public-beneficial activities and 137,7 mil. Sk
for newly started constructions.
Other financial resources in the year 2002 are allocated to the activities of the
Commissioner of the Slovak Government for the construction and operation of the River
Power Project Gabčíkovo-Nagymaros - 6,0 mil. Sk, for environmental monitoring in the
framework of the Agreement between the Slovak and Hungarian Government on some
temporary technical measures and discharges to the river Danube and the Moson side channel
- 8,0 mil. Sk, for activities of the governmental delegation negotiating with Hungary the
implementation of the verdict of the International Court of Justice the case of GabčíkovoNagymaros Project amounting to 3,0 mil. Sk, for development of science and technology
projects 36,8 mil. Sk, for specific tasks from the regular transfer 65,3 mil. Sk, and 0,4 mil. Sk
for normalisation and standardisation.
When creating draft of the costs of the state budget in previous years and in the year
2002 as well, the state share is missing on financing the costs expended for public purposes,
connected with the operation WP Gabčíkovo and securing the shipping on the Danube river,
that is free of charge in accordance with the Belegrad Convention of 1948.
Review of subsidies granted from the state budget is presented in the following table:
[mil. Sk]
Table No. 1.2.1
Breakdown
2002
1998
1999
2000
2001
Capital expenses total
653,3
413,8
594,2
982,6
600,9
out of: individual
525,1
293,7
332,0
589,9
415,8
128,2
120,1
215,9
381,3
185,1
-
-
46,3
11,4
-
158,0
138,0
150,0
150,0
-
Running transfers
-
-
182,9
-
199,0
Capital transfers
-
-
-
-
290,0
Other expenses
236,9
193,4
61,5
77,7
56,0
1 048,2
745,2
988,6
1 210,3
1 145,9
system
capital. transfer for running invest
Running transfer to SWMF SR
*)
Resources for WM allocated from SB
*)
From SWMF SR allocated as non-investment subsidies SWME, s.e., Banská Štiavnica
Source: Clearing of financial relations with SB SR 1998-2001, MSM SR
6
7
Review of subsidies from the state budget over the years 1998-2002
2.
ORGANIZATION, LEGAL AND ENTERPRENEURIAL
STRUCTURE OF THE SECTOR
2.1
STATE ADMINISTRATION
Chart No. A.1.2.1
2.1.1 LOCAL AUTHORITIES OF THE STATE ADMINISTRATION
In accordance with the Act No. 222/1996 Dig. on organization of the local state
administration the operation and enforcement of the state administration on regional, district
(local) level are executed by respective regional and district offices.
State administration as being executed by the regional and district offices, is operated
and controlled by the Slovak Government. The ministries, to whose responsibility belong
sectors of state administration executed by these offices, are issuing generally binding legal
regulations, decrees and instructions.
Local state administration on regional and district offices is focused on control of
territorial planning and construction discipline, protection of nature, waste management and
water management.
Regional offices are performing state administration in individual sectors according to
the annex of the cited act. In the water management sector (in the annex see: development and
protection of environment – state water administration) it is listed as items 40-60. District
offices are enforcing state administration in individual sectors, in case the enforcement is not
passed to the regional office, to the municipality, to other state administration body or to other
legal entity.
The Act No. 416/2001 on transformation of some responsibilities from the state to
municipalities and higher territorial units in accordance with the § 2 letter b) and article V has
granted the state administration enforcement to municipalities in the field of water
management.
Regional and district offices were enforcing state administration in the branch of
fishery pursuant to the Act No. 102/1963 Dig. on fishery and the Decree No. 103/1963 Dig.,
issuing enforcement regulations to the fishery law. Since 4th January 2002 a new Act No.
139/2002 Dig. on fishery has come into force specifying exactly the activities of regional and
district offices in the field of fishery.
2.2
ENTREPRENEURIAL STRUCTURE OF THE SECTOR
Within the branch of Ministry of Soil Management SR (MSM SR) there are following
water management enterprises and organizations operating in the water management section:
The Slovak Water Management Enterprise, s.e, Banská Štiavnica (SWME, s.e.) – it is a
state water management organization administrating water courses. It was established, in
accordance with provisions of chapter II. Act No. 111/1990 Dig. on state enterprise in the
wording of later regulations, as a state enterprise to meet the public-beneficial interests.
8
Four branch enterprises are controlling integrated hydrological units (partial drainage
areas) and thus providing for complex operation and maintenance, protection from damaging
impact of waters as well as other issues linked with activities and economy of this enterprise
and in a wider context also with the economy of the Slovak Republic.
In terms of the 1st stage of MME transformation the 5th enterprise of Hydro-melioration
has been established in January 6th, 2001 by the fusion of the state subsidized organization
Melioration and Country Engineering Research Institute with the state enterprise SWME.
State enterprises Water and Sewage Works (WSW)
* Water and Sewage Works Bratislava
* West Slovakia Water and Sewage Works Bratislava
* North Slovakia Water and Sewage Works Žilina
* Central Slovakia Water and Sewage Works Banská Bystrica
* East Slovakia Water and Sewage Works Košice
provide for drinking and household water supply, sewage and treatment of waste water.
Into the Act No. 276/2001 Dig. on network sectors regulation and on changes and
amendments to some other laws, the problem of drinking, utility and drained water has not
been involved. To date, the price regulation has been fallen within the Ministry of Finance of
the SR cognisance.
The Water Engineering Construction, s.e. Bratislava (WEC)
It is an investment-engineering organization providing investment-engineering activities
and technical assistance to the investors in investment engineering, it is providing for designs
and technical – safety supervision according to special regulations. In addition, it is providing
for engineering-geological investigation, housing construction, engineering and industrial
constructions, geodetic and cartographic work and property composition of land and other
immovable.
Economical results and financial situation of the enterprise are negatively influenced by
the fact that the property relations on Gabčíkovo Water Project (GWP) have not been solved
yet. WEC is financing the operation of GWP water management objects, though it does not
profit from their operation. Furthermore, WEC has to finance the loans on completing
Gabčíkovo and Žilina Projects. The Slovak Government dealt with the problems of property,
economical and legal relations connected with these water works on July 3rd, 2001. According
to the Decree No. 619/2001 approved, there ought to exist the only one subject consisting of
water management and energetic part, securing all maintenance and investment needs and
dept service as well.
Hydroconsult, s.e. Bratislava (HYCO)
It is a design-engineering and consulting organization, providing services of design,
engineering, advisory and consultancy in water management structures, power, managerial
systems, land and transportation structures industry, melioration, health-technical and
ecological structures both in Slovakia and abroad.
Hydroconsult has much experience resulting from its share in developing and
implementation of water management projects. Decline in activities of this enterprise is due to
decreasing investment and implementation activities in building industry in Slovakia, as well
as due to a significant decline of investment activities in the core area of Hydroconsult as the
state enterprise in its key segment, that is water management.
9
The privatising of Hydroconsult is expected to be approved by the Slovak Government
in the year 2002.
The Water Research Institute Bratislava (WRI)
WRI Bratislava is a subsidized organization directly managed by the Ministry of Soil
Management SR.
The key role of the organisation is the scientific-research expertise and development
activity and technical support in the field of water management and water management
economical problems in the SR.
The institute is a scientific and research place of work for the water management sector
with competencies above all on Slovakia territory and with the possibilities to participate in
national and international research programs. It is providing for development and
administration of information systems in water management, developing background
materials for national conception of water management development as well as activities of
National Reference Laboratory for Water Domain. The organization is operating in
accordance with the Act No. 303/1995 Dig. on budgetary rules in the wording of later
regulations.
Transformation process of water and sewage systems state enterprises
Definite procedure and deadlines of implementation of the tasks for MSM SR, MAPNP
SR and FNP SR in the transformation process of water and sewage systems state enterprises
have been set up by the Slovak Government Decree No. 35 of 17th January 2001 by which
the Report on Procedure of Water and Sewage Systems State Enterprises Transformation and
Free of Charge Transfer to the Ownership of Municipalities has been approved.
The Slovak Government Decree No. 345 of 19th April 2001 imposes preferential
treatment of tasks for rapid privatisation of water and sewage systems state enterprises.
Establishment of 6 municipal joint stock companies has been approved by the Slovak
Government Regulation No. 542 of 13th June 2001 further to the Report on evaluation of
proposals on establishment of joint stock WM companies.
Other entrepreneurial subjects in the field of WM and sewage systems:
The Trenčin Water Management Company, joint stocks comp. Trenčín
The company has been established in December 1998. It is the only one private
company administrating major part of the existing engineering institutions that are in concern
with drinking water supply, drainage and treatment of wastewater on the territory of the
districts of Trenčín, Nové Mesto nad Váhom and a part of the district Myjava.
The activities of the company are being realised via the Trenčín Water and Sewage
Works, joint stock comp. representing different towns and municipalities. The majority owner
is the Suez Lyonnaise des Eaux Company, Paris, the rest is in the ownership of physical
entities.
TWMC is the supplier of 145 082 inhabitants by the drinking water, which represents
80 % out of the total number of inhabitants of the Trenčín district, Nové Mesto nad Váhom
and Myjava and it offers services in drainage and treatment of waste water to 92 265
inhabitants.
The Water and Sewage System Trenčín, joint stock comp.
10
The company has been established by towns and municipalities of the Trenčín region
that have been transferred infra-structual and supra-municipal property free of charge. 48
towns and municipalities invested their property and the contract has been concluded for the
period of 20 years.
The Komárno Water and Sewage System Company
The town has taken the property – water and sewage systems in November 1997. The
municipal property and supra-municipal group system of Patince and Zlatná na Ostrove,
Čalovec (since 1/2/2001), Radvaň nad Dunajom (since 1/3/2001) Iža (since 1/8/2001) and
Okoličné (since 29/3/2001) are operated by the company.
Other municipalities in the district that have taken over the property of infrastructure
with the character of water supply did not come to an agreement with the municipality in
Komárno. Western Slovakia Water and Sewage Works, s.e, provide for current operation in
these municipalities under a difficult contractual situation. The group water supply system
Hurbanovo is operated by the Municipal Technical Services and water supply system
Marcelová-Chotín by Agrostav Komárno.
The Water Management and Sewage System Company Dubovany, Ltd.
The company is administrating the property of water and sewage systems of the
Hlohovec municipality, transferred to the municipality in February 1998.
Slovak Cellulose &Paper, joint stock comp., Ružomberok
Based on a licensed contract the company has been administrating waste water system
and Waste Water Treatment Plant in Ružomberok since 1st January 1999.
2.3
PROPERTY STRUCTURE
The total length of the registered watercourses network in the Slovak Republic is
49 755 km. Administrator of the crucial surface watercourses has been appointed the Slovak
Water Management Enterprise, s.e. Banská Bystrica. Out of the total area of the drainage area
49 015 km², 5 898 km² is administrated by the branch enterprise Povodie Dunaja, 16 780 km²
by the branch enterprise Povodie Váhu, 11 975 km² by the branch enterprise Povodie Hrona,
14 364 km² by the branch enterprise Povodie Hronu a Hornádu.
The Slovak Water Management Enterprise, s.e. Banská Štiavnica is responsible for the
administration and operation of 29 334 km of the river length, of this the length of regulated
watercourses represents 7 898 km and 677 km of border watercourses. The area of the flood
endangered area Q10 represents 1 899 km2, the area of the flood endangered area Q100
represents 3 984 km2. The flood protected area Q10 and more represents 5 764 km2. The flood
area protection is secured by the regulation of watercourses and regulation of water in
drainage area.
11
Review of development – Watercourses and facilities on them in administration of water
management
Table No. 2.3.1
Indicator
Years
Unit
1999
2000
2001
Length of natural water courses
km
28 676
29 334
29 338
of which: trained water courses
km
7 617
7 898
7 898
Important water courses with respect to WM and drinking
water supply
km
9 183
12 692
12 692
Length of protection dikes
km
2 895
2 769
2 769
Area of territory threatened by floods Q10
2
km
1 899
1 899
1 899
Area of territory threatened by floods Q100
km2
3 984
3 984
3 984
Area of territory protected from floods Q10 and more
2
km
5 764
5 764
5 764
Length of artificial canals and conduits
km
1 120
1 120
1 120
Weirs
number
218
235
235
Tail bays
number
13
13
13
Pumping and transfer stations
number
589
592
593
Irrigation systems
ha
314 943
314 943
314 936
of which: irrigation in operation
ha
295 778
295 517
298 365
km
6 889
6 889
6 892
237
237
237
65
65
65
mil. m
10
10
10
Water reservoirs – capacity above 1 mil. m
number
54
54
54
of which: multipurpose WR
number
47
47
47
number
7
7
7
1 890
1 890
1 890
1 733
1 733
1 733
157
157
157
180
180
180
80
80
80
Drainage canals
3
number
Water reservoirs - capacity bellow 1 mil. m
3
Effective storage
mil. m
3
Retention capacity
3
drinking water supply WR
3
Total manageable storage
mil. m
3
of which: multipurpose WR
mil. m
3
drinking water supply WR
mil. m
3
Retention capacity
mil. m
3
Retention non-manageable storage
mil. m
12
Review of development – Facilities administrated by Water and Sewage Works and other
subjects
Table No. 2.3.2
Years
Indicator
Lenght of water supply network (without
connections)
Unit
km
2001
1999
2000
21 017
21 243
20 631
932
21 563
s.e. WSW
other *
total
Of which: lenght of combined water
supply systems
km
14 508
14 849
14 530
846
15 376
Lenght of water connections
Km
4 608
4 789
4 602
242
4 844
Number of water connections
number
602 675
616 359
595 298
33 174
628 472
Lenght of sewerage systems (without
connections)
km
5 575
5 637
5 266
431
5 697
Lenght of sewerage connections
km
1 357
1 403
1 304
111
1 415
Number of sewerage connections
number
169 667
177 414
162 649
16 074
178 723
Number of sewerage systems
number
273
275
271
14
285
Number of WWTP
number
199
205
206
9
215
* Joint stock comp.: Trenčín water management company, joint stock comp., Komárno-town, Hlohovec-town,
SCP, joint stock comp. Ružomberok
By: Data on water management investment construction and operation in Slovakia, by 31/12/2001
2.4
RESEARCH, EDUCATION, CONSULTANCY
Development of water management is annually enriched by research activities that are
being conducted in the framework of scientific-technical projects (STP) in responsibility of
the MSM SR, international scientific-technical projects and specific activities.
WRI in Bratislava in 2001 carried out 2 scientific-technical projects in the responsibility
of MSM SR:
• research of anthropogenic factors on water systems.
• providing for quality of drinking water during distribution;
In the framework of international scientific-technical projects there have been 5 projects
to be dealt with. A total number of 157 tasks have been dealt with by the WRI in Bratislava
and 139 out of them have been finalized in 2001 and 18 of them will be solved in the next
year.
There are significant and important specific WM tasks, focusing on developing WM
studies, prognosis and conceptions, standpoints on WM issues, legislation tasks and
standardization, international monitoring co-operation, building of information systems in
WM, as well as specialized consultancy. WRI has prepared a qualified brief for the MSM SR
to work out documents the governmental discussions, e.g. The Conception of the Water
Management Policy by 2005.
The WRI is providing for tasks related to development and administration of the statewide databases in the field of water management. For the purposes of decision making
process of the state administration and water management bodies, the basic map documents
have been up-dated.
The National Reference Laboratory for Water in Slovakia plays an important role
within the framework of the WRI. The laboratory is providing for complex analytical
13
services, samples collection including, which is enabled by the respective technical
equipment of laboratories and technical group. NRL has executed controlling activities,
worked out new procedures of water contamination determination, and specific tasks
according to an approved schedule of NRL activities.
Besides WRI there have been others to participate in working on the scientific-research
tasks, e.g. project departments in water management enterprises, higher education institutions
focusing on water management issues, as well as private entities.
During 2001 all branch enterprises of the SWME were focusing on activities dealing
with water management evidence, investment and development intentions, territorial
documentation of the residence and regional development and its up-dating, drainage
conditions studies, analytical and conception materials, relating to the protection of surface
and sub-surface water quality. Materials for the purposes of the water management balance
and water management maps have been elaborated as well. Activity on up-dating of the water
management map continued, as well as the work on data for the state water management
balance and work on the implementation of the EU Framework Directive on water and work
on the project „Research of anthropogenic factors on water systems“.
In addition to the proclamation activities and the co-ordination of interests of water
management in the field of the drinking water supply, the state water and sewage system
enterprises have been dealing with following tasks:
− elaboration of the water management drainage area plans
− elaboration of the materials dealing with the up-dating of the drinking water supply
conception
Consultancy
In accordance with the programme of consultancy in the year 2001 the WRI Bratislava
has arranged or participated in the arrangements of several technical activities. With the
purpose of supplementary qualification in the field of water management, the specialists from
the WRI have arranged several courses: hydro-biological, microbiological and the course of
water managers-II stage. Invitation cards and respective syllables have been issued to every
course. Seven employees of WRI took part in the course of consultants in the Agroinstitute
Nitra within the conception of consultancy.
Seminars and conferences have been realized within the Programme of Consultancy and
activities for the year 2001. These are those of most important:
Conferences:
• „Water means life-let’s protect it“ (International conference to the 50th anniversary of
WRI),
• Reconstruction of sewer networks and WWTP,
• The objectives of water management policy in the period of the association process of
Slovakia to EU, WDW,
• Implementation of EU directives for water management SR, AQUA 2001,
• Drinking water.
Seminars:
• Assignment of insurances at the water analysis
• Seminar for the radiological laboratory workers
• Consultancy days for the radiological laboratory workers
14
• Assignment of the chlorindioxid in drinking waters by the method CPR of the
chlorinphenol red
• Questionable methods in the field of hydro-biology
• Management the hydro-biological laboratories
• Importance of sample intakes, measurement technical and analytical monitoring in the
process of WWTP
There is a rising interest in methodical and instructive activities for the employees of
WWTP and sewage systems, briefings and consultancy within the programs VYDAT,
TECHUV, LABOD, briefings on new technologies for WSW.
In addition, individual consultancy on following problems was accomplished: drinking
water, sewage water (sewage systems and WWTP), water protection, technology of water
treatment, conceptions etc.
Professional training
In accordance with the Act No. 216/2001 Dig. changing and supplementing the Act
No. 29/1984 on the system of primary and secondary schools, the central offices of the state
administration have been replaced by the respective regional offices as the founders of
secondary vocational schools since 1st July 2001.
The central offices of the state administration in accordance with this Act have the
position of a co-ordinator of the vocational training in general, they participate in developing
of teaching materials, arrange the completions of technical skills of students, technical
educational activities for foremen of technical education, provide further technical education
for teachers of technical subjects.
Water management apprentice school in Piešťany as the only one with the state-wide
activity which is training specialists to the water management branch.
VM apprentice school in Pieštany is providing education in 3 years study branch -water
sector/melioration employee and 2 year further study - water management. In the school year
2002/2003 a new branch of study is expected to be open-4 year study branch - operator of
ecological equipment with final exams of A level. The curricula of this study will include
subjects and topics with concern to water management.
Institute for Education and Training in Forestry and Water Management in Zvolen is
enabling the water management employees possibility to take part in specialised courses:
enterprise management, financial management, enterprise marketing and management,
personal management, management of small and medium enterprises, and short-term
seminars dealing with the problems of water management.
IETFWM has performed the marketing monitoring of possibilities of the project
realization of the technical competence for the machine and equipment staff in the branch of
water management. The Institute of the Labour Security SR is accrediting the project and on
the basis of accreditation they obtained competences for:
− technical training of employees of WM: for service of 8 machines-big water, for service of
7 machines-small water,
− technical training of instructors and examiners for machines and equipment in WM.
The secondary comprehensive schools and secondary technical schools provided for
education of secondary educated employees.
The Faculty of Civil Engineering of STU in Bratislava is providing for higher education
and training in water management and water constructions-Department for the water
15
management of the landscape, Department of the hydromechanics, Department of the health
engineering.
The Department of Environment of the Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology of
STU is dealing with water management-chemistry and biology of water, water quality
evaluation, technology of water. The attention is paid mainly to technologies of water and slit
treatment.
Traditional engineering disciplines are gradually being integrated with new ones,
focusing on current problems – environmental issues, management and enterpreneurship,
basic law, economy of WM in market economy and CAD.
2.5
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
There are rising demands on information technology resulting from the used practice of
the Ministry of Soil Management of SR and its organizations. Besides approximation to the
development of information technologies, human potential and quality of education are of
great importance.
The information technology system of the soil management sector is built on the
complex of information and information activities to support state tasks administration in the
field of agricultural, food, forest and water management policy.
According to the organisation structure it can be divided into two sub-systems:
− Subsystem of the sector state administration
− Subsystem of sector branches
According to the factual complex of information the system is providing information in
following sub-systems:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
agriculture
food industry
forestry and hunting
water management and fishery
country engineering and environmental protection
structural policy and development of countryside
lands arrangement.
Information technology system forms an essential part of the integral information
technology system of the sector.
Building of the complex information systems in water and drainage systems enterprises
and in the SWME, s.e. Banská Bystrica represents one of the most important development
projects Integration of economical internal and geographical information systems forms an
essential part of these enterprise information systems. Finishing the complex information
systems is expected in years 2002 – 2005.
A strategic document“ Common strategy at the Framework Directive on Water“ (FDW)
has been elaborated by the European Commission in the co-operation with EU member states
in 2001. One of the steps is the establishment of a common geographical information system
(GIS).
Further to this material and other documents, the MSM SR has approved the program of
the soil management normalization by 2005, envisaging the establishment of the information
geographical system of the soil management sector (IGIS RP). This task is being co-ordinated
16
by the Department of Informatics. A part of this project is formed by the water management
one, where all water management sector organizations will participate. These will contribute
to common work by offering information in their administration and amply all other
information inserted to the system by agricultural and forestry organizations.
To ensure this task it is necessary to work out a proposal of data quantity and form, the
contributing organization is obliged to provide in an electronic and compatible form to the
sector information system or to its branch part.
An important role in this system will play elaboration and utilization of products of the
digital photogrametry, i.e. using ortho-photomaps and digital height cross-country models.
The state information system-fundamental basis GIS, within the competence of the
Office of Geodesy, Cartography and Register SR should become the basis of the GIS sector.
In the year 2001 the proposal of selected data access from databases in accordance with
the Act No. 211/2000 Dig. on free access to information has been elaborated. The Ministry of
the Soil Management SR is aware of the necessity of public information on economical
activities of the sector with state financial funds. Elaboration and up-dating of the information
system of water management, consisting of partial IS-databases, represents an important part
of the water management development. The data from all fields of WM are included in the
databases. Their up dating, development and free access trough aggregated data became an
integral part of the strategy of the sector information system development.
Important or often applied information ought to be actively published on a public
accessible place. Nowadays Internet represents such an easy accessible and unlimited place-as
for capacity. The active publication enables effective treatment of applications as for access to
information, saves administrative staff and the financial sources of the state.
2.6
AUTONOMOUS ORGANIZATIONS
Association of Water management Employers in Slovakia
Association of Water Management Employers in Slovakia (AWE) is a volunteers
organization associating legal and physical entities, employing workers in water management.
Members of the AWE became subjects providing for production and distribution of
drinking water, drainage and treatment of sewage water, administration of water courses and
water projects, supply by surface water, flood protection, project and investors activities,
consultancy and organizations dealing with geological, hydro geological and engineering
monitoring, elaboration and recording of data from the fields of hydrology, meteorology,
climatologic and protection of environment. AWE associates today 30 organizations,
employing almost 15 500 employees. Every member became regular member with a decisive
voice. The Association celebrated its 10th anniversary in 2001. The results archived show its
importance and justification.
Legislation activity
The sector of water management represents one of the basic sectors of national
economy. The, state in the interest of the economical development and public-legal
requirements satisfaction, is regulating the sector of water management by special legal
norms. Several basic laws and important documents have been developed and they are the
subject of discussions on various levels. The Association has not its representation in the
legislative process, thus nor the influence on it, with the exception of the draft Act on the
Slovak Water Management Chamber. The Association is participating in the legislation
17
process by submitting standpoints and objections or participation in discussions via legislative
commission or directly via membership organizations.
Education and publication activities, contacts with public
The basic role of the Association as it was in the past is to provide for updating of
information, exchange of experience and promoting everything working pro water
management. The Water Management Bulletin represents one of means ensuring these tasks.
Having made some changes in the form and organization, some other arrangements ought to
follow for improving the content in order to make the bulletin a real source of information not
only from the field of water management activities but also from the field of legislation,
organization and economy. This will make the journal more popular.
As a result of some arrangements in the year 2001 the Bulletin became cheaper and
formally better.
Several activities have been co-organized by the Association in the field of education
and advertising:
− Participation in the competition of video films with a video“ Downward the river Váh“ in
Banská Bystrica
− Exhibition AQUA 2001 in Trenčín
− Exhibition AGROKOMPLEX 2001Nitra
− 18th completion of skills NSWSW, s.e. Žilina
− International Conference“ Water is life“ - Bratislava
− 5th conference „Drinking Water“
Several titles represent the contribution of Association into the publications activity:
1.
2.
3.
4.
What Water we are drinking-bulletin to the World day of water
Publication to the 10th anniversary of the Association
Basic principles of draining and treatment of water
About the water circulation in nature and its measurement.
By its activities the Association is contributing to the promotion of water, its
importance for the life of people. Besides, these activities contribute to reinforcement of
relations not only in the community of water specialists but also with representatives of other
sectors related to water.
The Council of Economical and Social Agreement in Water Management of SR
The Council of Economical and Social Agreement in Water Management of SR has
been established in the year 1999 and as a tripartite of three representatives from MSM SR,
Association of Employers in Water Management in Slovakia and Trade Union Association of
Wood, Forest and Water Industry Workers. The Council is discussing and elaborating
recommendations to the materials and documents related to the economical and social
development of water management, treating the problem of employment in the sector.
Interest groups and organizations
The Slovak Fishery Association, Council Žilina
Fishery legal performance based on the regulation § 8 Act No. 102/1963 on fishery (by
1/4/2002 when a new Act No. 139/2002 on fishery came into force) is provided by the Slovak
Fishery Association, forestry state enterprises, military forest organizations and other state
organizations operating in fishery. Currently, there are 980 fishery areas and the Slovak
Fishery Association, Council Žilina, administrates the major part. Out of 804 areas judging
18
according to chief representation of different kind of fish there are 175 areas of trout
character, 583 of non-trout character and 66 are mixed. The Slovak Fishery Association has
got about 100 000 registered members.
The Slovak Fishery Association has allocated for the purposes of water courses and
water reservoirs stocking a subsidy 5,0 mil. Sk.
The Slovak Water Management Company
The Slovak Water Management Company, as an autonomous legal entity in the network
of the Association of Slovak Scientific-Technical Communities, is joining experts from
water management enterprises and organizations, institutions, schools, research institutes and
others in order to solve the most urgent tasks in water management by organizing special
events (training, seminars, conferences, excursions, etc.).
The Association of Sewage Systems Experts SR
The Association of Sewage Systems Experts is and selective professional organization
joining experts, firms and institutions taking an active part in the field of draining and
treatment of the communal and industrial outlet waters. The representatives of drainage
networks and WWTP, companies dealing with projects and supplying drainage networks and
WWTP, employees of the state administration, research institutes and higher educational
institutions, water managers, workers from the environmental sector of industrial enterprises
have become members of the Association. The ASSE activities are focused to better quality
of surface and sub-surface water. This is ensured chiefly by an active exchange of domestic
and foreign knowledge (conferences, seminars) and by a technical support to research,
development, proposals and administration of drainage networks and WWTP. The
Association is co-operating with the state and local offices, river basin enterprises, institutions
administrating drainage networks and WWTP and project and technological companies.
3.
INTERNATIONAL STATUS OF WATER MANAGEMENT
Co-operation with neighbouring countries is resulting from interstate treaties and
intergovernmental agreements on co-operation in boundary waters.
Based on these treaties and agreements there are Joint Commissions for Boundary
Waters with neighbouring countries. On annual meeting they discuss all WM measures taken
on boundary waters in order not to influence negatively the water conditions of other side.
Ministry of the Soil Management SR, Water Management Department is co-operating with
Interior Ministry SR on staking and marking state borders mainly on watercourses. The
Slovak Republic has signed agreements on joint state borders with the neighbouring
countries. Based on these agreements there are Boundary Commissions that take care for
fixing, marking and staking of the state borders. Co-operation is focussed chiefly on securing
the river bed in boundary water courses, so they will not slip and the state border course will
not change. Accordingly the focus is on a careful watercourses maintenance work, so that the
border signs marking the state border are not damaged.
Activities in international organizations are resulting largely from multilateral
agreements and membership in different international governmental and non-governmental
organizations.
International co-operation in the field in WM is resulting mainly from four
intergovernmental agreements and one interstate treaty on co-operation on boundary waters
19
signed with neighbouring countries as well as from projects rooting in multilateral
agreements.
INTERNATIONAL TREATIES AND AGREEMENTS
Cooperation of the Slovak Republic with neighbouring countries on boundary waters is
being performed on the basis of international treaties and intergovernmental agreements
(annex 1). Further to these treaties and agreements there are bilateral Commissions for
Boundary Waters led by governmental commissioners for water management issues on the
boundary waters, or chairman of the commission (with Poland).
Boundary waters are segments of rivers and other natural watercourses, as well as
canals, where the state border is running or surface and subsurface waters and watercourses in
profiles, where the state border is intersecting them.
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
At present following commissions are active:
Slovak - Czech Commission for boundary waters.
Slovak - Hungarian Commission for boundary waters
Slovak - Polish Commission for boundary waters
Slovak - Austrian Commission for boundary waters
Slovak - Ukrainian Commission for boundary waters.
Negotiations with Hungary on the issue of River Project Gabčíkovo-Nagymaros are led
on the governmental level. The head of the Slovak delegations is Slovak Government
Commissioner for construction and operation the River Project Gabčíkovo-Nagymaros. The
negotiations are being held on the basis of a special agreement between the Slovak Republic
and Hungary on submission of the feud to the International Court of Justice of April 1993 and
the International Court of Justice verdict delivered on 25th September 1997.
Negotiations of governmental delegations of the Slovak Republic and Hungary have
been reopened in November 1998 on the issue of fulfilment the International Court of Justice
verdict. Negotiations between the Slovak and Hungarian party are being in force and the
International Court of Justice as well as the Slovak Government are being informed on a
regular basis. Governmental delegations of the Slovak Republic and Hungary have
established two special working groups (legal group and the group for water management,
ecology, navigation and energetic) in September 2001 with concern on the mandate and
topics of common interest. The group for water management, ecology, navigation and
energetic has worked out a common draft mandate and issues with concern to the territory of
the river Danube between Bratislava and Budapest. This mandate has been submitted to the
governmental delegations for approval.
•
•
•
•
The Co-operation in international organizations has the following forms:
Activities and work in international organizations resulting chiefly from multilateral
agreements. Based on the agreement on the Danube navigation regime, the Danube
commission with its seat in Budapest has been established. The issues on navigation and
finance as well as the issues on hydrology and hydrometeorology are discussed on annual
meetings.
Participation in meetings of the Danube Commission
Implementation of tasks resulting from recommendations of Danube Commission and
Boundary Waters Commission.
Participating in international programs and projects (PHARE etc.).
20
• Slovak Republic participation in various international conferences, discussions of fishing
committees in FAO in Rome, discussions with neighbouring countries on issues of
bilateral agreements on fishery in boundary waters.
• Membership in different international NGOs, committees, associations, networks, such as:
ICOLD (International Commission on Large Dams), IWA (International Water
Association) - after fusing of IWSA and IAWQ, ICID (International Commission on
Irrigation and Drainage), IAHR (International Association for Hydraulic Research), IAHS
(International Association for Hydrological Sciences) – the Slovak Republic has been
represented by Water Research Institute since 1993, IAD (International Association for
Danube Research), ISO (International Organization for Standardization) – the Slovak
Republic is incorporating international standards ISO into the system of Slovak technical
standards. Slovak Republic is an ISO member via Department for standardization,
measuring accuracy technique and testing. Cooperation in technical commissions ISO/TC
147 Water quality and ISO/TC 113 Measuring discharges in open riverbeds is provided by
WRI. CEN (Pricing commission for standardization) – the Slovak Republic is
incorporating standards EN issued by CEN into the system of Slovak technical standards,
IAALD (International Association of Agriculture Information Technology Specialists) –
Water Research Institute has been a member via secretariat of IAALD Nitra Net Citizen
Association Nitra since 1997.
• Co-operation in international programs
− Environmental program on the Danube river basin
− Agreement on protection and sustainable utilization of Danube waters
− International hydrological program at UNESCO
In the International hydrological program at UNESCO out of eight topics being solved
on international level in Danube river basin two topics are directly conducted from the
Slovak Republic with WRI in Bratislava being in charge.
Slovak Fishery Association, Council, is linked to European Advisory Commission for
Inland Fishery E.I.F.A.C. at UNO FAO.
5-LATERAL CO-OPERATION
The Budapest Declaration among the Hungarian Ministry of Transport and Water
Management, Rumanian Ministry of Waters and Environment, Slovak Ministry of Soil
Management, Ukrainian State Committee for Water Management and Yugoslavian Ministry
of the Soil Management has been signed on 25th May 2001 in Budapest with the purpose of
the flood protection co-ordination in the river basin Tisa. Based on this declaration the agreed
parties have established The Forum of the River Basin Tisa for the flood Protection. In the
mean time the agreed parties are working on the conception of the flood protection in the
river basin Tisa with concern to the key tasks.
Standardization
The standardization activities in the field of water management cover two important
spheres: technical standardization in water management in Slovakia and the international
standardization co-operation with European and international standardization organizations.
The section of technical standardization and information in water management is
securing the co-ordination of the technical standardization in WM with following chief
functions: technical support to the Slovak technical norms activities with regard to
harmonization of STN with the European ones, administration of the agenda and the evidence
of technical norms of WM, branch norms included, co-ordination with the state
21
administration offices, technical standardization commissions and organizations taking part in
them and securing supra-sector acquaintance and co-ordination of standardization activities
in the field of water management of the SR.
The co-operation is provided with following technical-standardization commission
established at SITN:
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
TNC No. 1 Water and sewage systems
TNC No. 2 Melioration
TNC No. 3 Hydromechanics
TNC No. 26 Pipes, fittings and plastic valves
TNC No. 27 Water quality and its protection
TNC No. 64 Hydrology
TNC No. 72 Environmental management
The Water Research Institute Bratislava (WRI) by means of the Slovak Institute of the
Technical Standardization (SITS) is securing the international co-operation with the ISO and
CEN in the field of the water management. WRI has been appointed to secure the active
membership in the international standardization commission ISO/TC 147 „Quality of Water“
and the membership in the international standardization commission ISO/TC 113 „ Discharge
measurement in open river beds“ and since 2002 it has been taking part in the new ISO/TC
224“ Standardization of services connected with drinking water supplies and drainage.
Quality criteria of services and operation indicators“ WRI is working out the national state
points to the ISO norms proposals in ISO/TC 147“ Quality of Water“, taking a vote to all
issues and proposal submitted in sub commissions (SC 1-SC 7).
The Slovak Republic, represented by the SITS has become an associated member. WRI
has been appointed for the co-operation with:
− CEN/TC 164 „Water supply“
− CEN/TC 165 „ Waste water facilities “
− CEN/TC 230 „ Water analysis“
− CEN/TC 308 „Slits“
The Slovak Republic is supposed to become a permanent member of CEN in the year
2002. The membership in this organization will bring quality and wider co-operation to the in
all spheres of standardization and will enable to every member to participate in creation of
European norms and thus assert national interests into the European standards.
4.
PREPARATION FOR JOINING EU
The Department of standardization and information in the water management follows
EU documents in the field of fishing and water management published in the Official Journal
EU, Analytical Register of Valid Directives EU and web page of European Commission. The
department is working out a complete list of EU directives and other legal norms in the field
of fishing and water management and selecting those appropriate for application in the
conditions of the Slovak Republic in the process of EU and Slovak legal systems
approximation. Translations of these documents are being made.
The department of standardization and information in WRI co-operates in elaborating of
charts of concord to selected directives in the field of fishing and water management. In 2001
the charts of concord have been prepared to the Council Directive No. 75/440/EEC that is
focused on the quality of the surface water for drinking purposes in the member states, to the
22
Council Directive No. 98/83/EC on drinking water quality in connection with a draft law on
public water and sewage systems.
With regard to a draft law on fishing and its executive decree complete charts of
concord to these legal norms in the filed of fishing management have been elaborated:
Council Edict (ES) No. 2406/96 specifying the market standards for some fishing products in
the wording of the Commission Decree (ES) No. 323/97 and Council Decree (ES) 2578/2000,
Council Directive 78/659 EEC on quality of sweet water calling for protection or better
quality in order to support life of fish in wording of the Council Directive No. 91/692/EEC
and Council Directive No. 92/43/EEC on preserving of natural occurrence of fauna and flora
in wording of Council Directive No. 97/62/ES
The Act No. 139/2002 Dig. valid since 1st April 2002 has been considered a carrier law
to achieve the approximation in the chapter fishing management. When approving other
legislation and creating the Act itself, possibilities and impact of the Act have been revaluated
mainly due to its narrow focus on hobby, commercial and sport fishery. There is no
harmonization in this field within the EU. The Act is dealing with the problems of fish and
other water organism protection breading and fishing, prohibition of import and transit of
fresh-water fish included especially those that do not reach appropriate size and mass
(supplement to the Food Codex with incorporated Council Decree (ES) No. 2406/96 by which
common sales norms for some fish products are determined). Water classification according
to a dominant representation of different sorts of fish is being modified, that is to some
respect similar with a chapter environment where the problem of water quality is treated.
Further to the Act on fishery the Decree of the MSM SR No. 238/2002 has been approved on
15th May 2002 by which some provisions of the Act on fishery are being implemented.
In the year 2001 the Slovak-Dutch project MATRA ”By the implementation of the
framework EU directive for water in the SR to the integrated management of the WM in the
river basins of Bodrog and Hornád” has been finished. The project was solved within the
framework of the Memorandum on understanding between the Ministry of the Soil
Management of the Slovak Republic, the Ministry of Environment of the Slovak Republic and
the Ministry the Transport, Public Work and Water Management of The Netherlands. The
chief goal of the project was to reinforce the organizational structure and administrative
capacity of the regional water management in order to ensure its better working in accordance
with the EU claims.
The output of this project is the pilot integrated water management plan of the river
basin Hornád. The project partially considered demands of the Framework EU Directive on
waters No. 2000/60/EC (FEUD). The pilot plan implementation will be conditioned by
measures taken on the national level for the field of economy, legislation and organization of
the water management. In the proposal for these fields the second output of the project
„Recommendations for the water management in Slovakia“ has been included.
The purpose of the project was not only the creation of the pilot plan but also
acquaintance with problems existing by the FEUD implementation. We can state that many
aspects of the WM in Slovakia meet the criteria of the Directive thanks to the Matra project.
The project contributed mainly to:
• Successful demonstration of the open planning process in the SR
• The first step to the new financial model proposal meeting the criteria of FDW
• The rise of awareness of the importance of the EU Framework Directive for water among
water management workers, state administration and other workers dealing with the
problems of WM
23
• Demonstration of the methodology of setting the priorities of measurement
implementation.
There are still many problems unsolved in connection with FDW implementation in the
Slovak Republic similarly to other European countries.
TWINING PROGRAM
In terms of the accession process the EU has prepared a twining program with intention
of helping to fulfil the admission conditions
Ministry of the Transport, Public Work and Water Management of the Netherlands,
Ministry of Environment of the Slovak Republic and Ministry of the Soil Management of the
Slovak Republic were proposed to participate in twining project (TP) within the framework of
this program.
The realization of the project has started in the year 2000. Both sectors – the Ministry of
Environment of the Slovak Republic and the Ministry of the Soil Management of the Slovak
Republic participated in it - pursuant to the technical agreement ”Consultancy in the sector
policy harmonization and institutional enforcement in the field of water management and
water protection” No. SR98/IB-EN-01, signed by the Ministry of Transport, Public Work and
Water Management of the Netherlands and the Ministry of Environment of the Slovak
Republic. The work on the project was finished in the year 2001 and in November 2001 a
final report on the results of the project implementation has been elaborated.
TP aimed to the promotion of Slovak institutions of water management in efforts to
harmonize their regulations and legislative instruments in water management sector with
corresponding EU regulations.
The key part of the water management legislation as a chief topic of the project was the
EU Framework Directive. The process of approval and enforcement of this Directive
overleapt the planned deadline. The Directive was approved in the period of the Project
implementation; nevertheless the agreement on the TP incorporated activities closely
connected with the final version of the Framework Directive for water.
•
•
•
•
•
•
The Twining Project aimed to treatment of the following tasks:
The evaluation and implementation of changes of legal and organisational competencies
and obligations of SWMI, s.e. - its branch enterprises and water management institutions
with regard to the EU Framework Directive on Waters;
Management harmonization of the surface and subsurface waters resources;
Evaluation of the ecological water quality monitoring;
Evaluation of the human effect on the environmental conditions that influence the quality
of water;
Recommendations of the schedule for the phase implementation of the EU Framework
Directive on Waters;
Training’s for the Slovak managers and authors of the conceptions in the sector of water
management.
The Project analysed the claims on inevitable changes in water management legislation
with the aim of approximation with the EU legislation, mainly with the Directive on waters.
There are different regulations, supplementary processes and political possibilities
included in the Framework Directive inevitable for implementation in accordance with the
EU standards with the aim of improvement of the present day situation in the European water
environment. Three chief levels will enable implementation and its application in the practice:
24
water basins, domestic and EU levels. In the case of the Slovak republic the first two of these
levels are important.
The fact that there is a long history and tradition of water management and planning in
the Slovak Republic enables to the Slovak institutions implementation of many claims of the
Framework Directive for waters with only some changes. Full participation of public in every
stage of the water basin economisation plan participation is of great importance. The public
participation will ensure effectiveness of measures adopted with the purpose of the Directive
goals achievement and will raise the legitimate, transparency and wholesome acceptance of
the EU water management policy.
On the domestic level it is necessary to work out and approve legal norms especially
with connection to a new Act on water implementation.
On the level of EU the Slovak Republic is negotiating with the EC for environment
where the conditions of pre-accession period are being discussed. There is a need of further
discussions on obligations resulting from the Framework Directive.
The chief resolutions and recommendations from the TP realization:
¾ To participate in expert groups of the European Commission, that are working on
supporting programs of the Framework Directive on waters implementation,
¾ To establish multi-sector working group for the FD implementation in the SR,
¾ To finalise the institutional reform of the state administration in the water management
sector corresponding to the river basin borders,
¾ To establish the institutional framework for FD implementation that will enable the
participation of the local administrative authorities, technical authorities state
administration wide public and users,
¾ To define and accept obligations and rights of competent offices on the territory of the
Slovak Republic with regard to the international water basins; the competent bodies ought
to supervise the implementation of the FD in conditions of the Slovak Republic,
¾ To implement integrated surface and subsurface water management keeping the borders of
water basins,
¾ To continue further analysis of claims on ecological water quality and their
implementation in a new act on waters, to prepare the entry data for an economical
analysis of the water management price policy,
¾ To improve the information system on negative human effects on the water fund,
¾ To mark sensitive fields and vulnerable fields within different water basins.
25
B . I M P L E M E N TAT I O N
OF
OBJECTIVES
WAT E R M A N A G E M E N T P O L I C Y
OF
1.
PRODUCTION INDICATORS IN DRINKING WATER SUPPLY
AND SEWAGE
1.1
WATER SOURCES
Water source is any surface water or subsurface water that is used in the national
economy for the purposes of inhabitants and other purposes of general interest.
1.1.1 SURFACE WATER SOURCES
WATER FUND FLOWING ON THE TERRITORY OF SLOVAKIA
Majority of surface waters flows to our territory from neighbouring countries - in the
long-term average discharge approx. 2 514 m3.s-1, i.e. 86 % of the total surface water fund.
These discharges have practically uninfluenced - natural water regime (with some exceptions;
discharges of the river Morava are regulated by reservoirs on the territory of Bohemia and
discharges of the river Dunajec by reservoirs on the territory of Poland). Utilization of this
rather huge surface water fund on the territory of Slovakia is very limited, because border
rivers only touch our territory (mainly rivers Dunaj, Tisa, Morava, Dunajec, Ipeľ), or if they
flow on our territory, we have no possibility of rising their utility by regulation of discharges
by means of water reservoirs (Uh, Latorica).
The biggest discharges flow on our territory from Austria, total approx. 1 976 m3.s-1, out
of this 1 924 m3.s-1 through the river Dunaj. 379 m3.s-1 flows from Hungary mainly through
the river Tisa and the left side tributaries of the river Ipeľ. From Bohemia approx. 62 m3.s-1
flows through the river Morava and other smaller courses. The rivers Uh and Latorica bring in
average 58 m3.s-1 from Ukraine. From the territory of Polland flows in average 39 m3.s-1,
particularly through the river Dunajec, tributaries of the river Poprad and other smaller
courses.
BOUNDARY COURSES
Total length of boundary water courses - wet frontiers of Slovakia with its neighbouring
countries represents 621,5 km. According to international tradition, both agreed parties
dispose on the border water course - without loosing of obtained rights- with the half of the
effluent natural water volume that has not been raised by technical interference.
WATER FUND WITH THE SPRINGS ON THE TERRITORY OF SLOVAKIA
398 m3.s-1 of water has its springs on the territory of Slovakia (in a long-term average),
which represents 14 % of he total surface water fund. Following chart shows the division of
the water fund in different partial drainage areas:
26
Table No. 1.1.1.1
Partial drainage area
Long-term average discharge Qa (m3.s-1)
Dunajec s Popradom
28,2
lower Morava
9,0
Dunaj
(4,5)
Váh with Nitra
168,0
Hron
55,2
Ipeľ
18,5
Bodrog
55,0
Slaná
21,6
Bodva
5,8
Hornád
32,2
Slovensko
398,0
Source: WRI Bratislava
The character of the surface water fund, having its spring on the territory of Slovakia,
has a wide dispersion from the high mountain (Poprad), through middle mountain and
highland (Hron, Slaná, Bodva, Hornád) to lowland (tributaries of Morava, Nitra, Ipeľ,
Bodrog, Rimava).
This surface water fund with the springs on the territory of Slovakia is partially
regulated by water reservoirs. The effective treatment by water, i.e. regulation of discharges
of our courses, mainly the increase of the minimum discharges and the decrease of maximum
flood discharges, became the basic task of the water reservoir.
Drinking water and utility water intakes are more or less regular during the whole year
round. Cooling water intakes for the purposes of thermal and nuclear energetic use to grow in
summer and fall in winter. From the water management point of view the most demanding
intakes of irrigation water use to be in the vegetation period, while the maximum claims on
water fall on the period of the minimum discharges in our watercourses. Claims on water
from the side of hydro-energetic are higher in winter and lower in summer.
Water intakes that are currently at about 37,0 m3.s-1 represent roughly 28 % of
discharges in dry periods and 9 % of average long-term discharge. Water consumption in
Slovakia, that is the difference between intake and let out, is on the scale of 5,0 to 8,0 m3.s-1.
Water consumption of water use will decrease natural drain from Slovak territory during an
average year in 1,3 - 2,1 %.
In Slovakia there are 54 water reservoirs at present (storage capacity over 1 mil.m3)
with a total manageable capacity 1 890 mil.m3. These reservoirs can intercept in their capacity
about 14 % of the long term annual drain from our territory and to provide for increase of low
discharges during dry periods in about 55,5 m3.s-1, thus the total increase of quality of
discharge with high security (with springs on our territory and regulated by reservoirs)
represents approx. 135,5 m3.s-1 (sum of discharge Q355d exceeded on the average 355 days in
an average year and increased quality of water reservoirs). 48 out of the 54 water reservoirs
are operated by the Slovak Water Management Enterprise, s.e. Banská Štiavnica.
Out of mentioned large reservoirs, there are 7 water reservoirs ensuring the drinking
water delivery for the mass supply of inhabitants of the Northern, Central and Eastern
Slovakia. In the most unfavourable dry periods - in the time of the decrease of subsurface
27
water sources yield- these water reservoirs are able to secure totally about 4 000 l.s-1 of
quality drinking water and the highest security of delivery.
In the built large reservoirs there is a reserved manageable protection space approx.
180 mil. m3 and unmanageable space approx. 80 mil. m3 serving for decreasing of big waters.
Every year we can see the evidence of their importance because no significant flood damages
occur under these reservoirs.
Development of number and capacity of large water reservoirs in SR is shown in chart
No. 1.1.1.1.
Development of number and volume of large water reservoirs in SR
Chart No. 1.1.1.1
Many new problems arise in connection with evaluation of the impact of notified
climatic changes on the drain and economization of water in water basins. According to
several recent scenario the increase up to 1°C of long-term average yearly temperature of the
air is expected on the territory of Slovakia by 2010, up to 2,5°C by 2030 and up to 3°C by
2075. In the Northern drainage areas of Slovakia (represented by river basin Váh in the
profile Liptovský Mikulaš), growth of long-term average monthly discharges in periods from
November till April can be expected (maximum growth in March), decreasing tendency can
be expected from May till October (biggest decrease in May). In the Southern drainage areas
of Slovakia (represented by the river basin Ipeľ in profile Holiša) the growth of long-term
monthly discharges can occur in the period from December till February or March and other
months will reflect the decline of discharges. This will influence, from the hydrological point
of view, bigger irregularities in discharges and from the water management point of view
limited possibilities of utilization of the part of water fund. Water reservoirs will play an
important role in disposal of negative impact of notified long-term climatic changes.
The year 2002 is considered to be normal as for precipitations, although the majority of
month were dry or very dry. The precipitations reached 100,4 % of the normal and the flow
out 99,3 % of the average long-term one. We can consider the year 2001 as a normal as for
precipitations.
In the field of water management treatment of water reservoirs the task „Up-dating of
Water Management Treatment of Selected Built-up Supply Reservoirs“ has progressed in
2001. The first part the treatment of compensative economy with water in the built-up
reservoir Nitrianske Rudno on the river Nitrica has been up-dated. The second part of the
task – the water management calculations – was updated with regard to compensation cooperation of built-up reservoirs Orava on the river Orava and Liptovská Mara on the river
Váh with the purpose of ensuring claimed discharges of the river Váh in the profile ŽilinaStrážov (mainly for hydro-energetic utilization in the cascades of the river Váh) and finding
out of possibilities of the protective volumes of reservoirs serving for flood protection.
WATER FUND FLOWING FROM THE TERRITORY OF SLOVAKIA
Almost from the whole territory of Slovakia (approx. 96 %) water flows via the river
Dunaj and its tributaries through Hungary and other states to the Black Sea. From the rest
(approx. 4 %) of the territory water flows through Poland to the Baltic Sea. Total volume of
2 912 m3.s-1 flows from Slovakia to neighbouring countries (Hungary, Poland, Ukraine,
Bohemia).
28
The European Parliament Regulation and the Council No. 200/60/EC has been
approved and published recently. The Regulation can be considered as a starting point for the
European-wide protection and development of waters. Majority of the recommended
principles of this Regulation have been implemented on the territory of Slovakia. Following,
the most important conceptual materials are worth to mention: The State Water Management
Plan (years fifties), The Guiding Water Management Plan (years seventies), water
management plans of water basins, hydro-ecological plans, The Generel of Protection and
Rational Utilization of Water (years nineties). One of the most important recommended
principles - integrated water management- has been implemented for several years in our
country and it is known as a principle of the complex water sources utilization. The reason for
its application was the limited capacity of water sources and the necessity of multiple
utilization of water. Some former waterworks build up for one single purpose were typical
reflections of extensive utilisation of water sources on raising claims on water incited
constructions of multipurpose waterworks and joining them into complex water management
systems.
The policy of water utilisation ought to follow mentioned Regulation of EP in the
border drainage areas (principle No. 35). This problem has not been solved satisfactory yet in
Slovakia, especially influence of inflows from neighbouring countries to our territory (86 %
of the surface fund of the SR), utilisation of waters in the frontier watercourses and outflows
from the territory of the SR from neighbouring countries.
SURFACE WATER QUALITY
Evaluation of surface water quality in the Slovak Republic is based on the summary of
classification results pursuant to STS 75 7221 „Surface Water Quality Classification“,
defining the water quality in 5 classes (I - V) and in 8 main groups of indicators (A-H). The
latest results evaluation have been got for the period 1999-2000 when the surface water had
been monitored on 176 intake places. The monitoring enabled to characterize quality of
surface water in 3 370 km of water courses, that is 13,6 % of the total length of courses in
Slovakia.
Indicators of the groups A, B, C, D and E have been observed in all intake places, while
those of groups F and H only in selected places. The results obtained confirm that the longtime negative classification of surface waters in Slovakia has been caused mainly by the
indicators of the group E, especially by the coliform bacteria. They have been the reason of
negative V and IV class in the year 2000 (90% of the total evaluated length).
The result of the balance state evaluation (BS) of the subsurface water quality (rate of
the acceptable contamination value pursuant to the Slovak Government Regulation No.
242/1993 Dig. to the real contamination value worded as C90) has shown that 65 % of
evaluated intake places indicated favourable (A), 25 tensioned (B) and the rest 30 passive (C)
balance state. Unfavourable balance state was caused mainly by the indicator ChSKCr and
ammonia nitrogen. The number of intake places with a passive balance state has increased by
7 % in comparison with the previous period.
Quality of water is fairly influenced by sewage waters sluiced from the point sources of
pollution. In comparison with the year 1999, the quantity of sewage waters from sources of
pollution registered by SWMB has slightly decreased and at the same time volume of
pollution in all balanced indicators except of BSK5 as the data in the following table show.
29
Year
sewage waters
thous.m3/year
BSK5
ChSKCr
RAS
ton/year
NL
NELUV
1999
1 104,620
20 877,4
63 782,6
406 782,4
26 047,9
359,8
2000
1 076,768
21 034,7
63 638,4
390 698,7
24 658,9
317,9
Source: Qualitative water management balance of surface waters, SHMI, Bratislava
Oxygen regime-STN 75 7221
Chart No. 1.1.1.2
1.1.2 SUBSURFACE WATER SOURCES
Pursuant to STN 73 6511 ”subsurface water” is a complex term indicating both soil
water and ground water. Regarding water as an environmental component and stabilization
landscape factor, attention must be paid to both, soil and ground water.
GROUND WATER
Ground water is available source of water for bio-sphere with its share on shallow
circulation of water. It is contained in soil as liquid in the area of saturation and it doesn’t
form a steady surface, which is the reason why we cannot catch, cumulate or intake it.
Monitoring of water regime characteristic and quality of water in soil will ensure the control
of ground water in the future.
SUBSURFACE WATERS
Subsurface water sources
Occurrence of subsurface waters is very irregular on the territory of Slovakia.
According to present hydrological region system the territory of Slovakia is divided to 141
hydro-geological regions. The most important amounts of specified utilizable sources and
ground water supplies are located in the Western Slovakia region (56 %), in quarternary
sediments of Danube Lowland and alluvials of river Váh and its tributaries, while in Eastern
Slovakia region there is a significantly lower specified utilizable amount of ground water
(17 %). The rest, 27 % is located in Central Slovakia region, chiefly in districts Banská
Bystrica, Liptovský Mikuláš, Martin and Považská Bystrica.
According to Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute’s (SHMI) year-book the area of
Prievidza, Nitra, Lučenec, Rimavská Sobota, Vranov, Trebišov, Humenné, Bardejov,
Stropkov, Svidník and partly Čadca and Trenčín too, might be regarded as deficit territories
with insufficient water sources from the balance point of view.
According to data available at SHMI as per 1st January 2001, natural water sources on
the Slovak territory represent 146,7 m3.s-1, out of which specified utilizable water sources
reach 75,8.s-1, that is 51,7 %.
The ME SR Decree No. 141/2000 Dig. has come into force since 1st May 2000, further
to which the Geological Act is being performed. The Decree is changing the categories of
subsurface water quantities, mainly in cancelling the division of the category C (before C1 and
C2) that means that the utilizable quantities of subsurface waters are filed to categories A, B
and C.
30
Despite the validity of the said Decree, the surface waters supplies evaluation, within
the State Water Management Balance (SWMB), has been performed according to the original
categorization. The reason is that the Decree has come into force only in May 2000.
According to data of the SWMB, there was 75 758,45 l.s-1of utilizable water sources
recorded. This value represents an increase by 1 871 l.s-1 (increase of 2,4% during 5 years) in
comparison with the year 1995.
•
By 1st January 2001 the total amount of utilizable ground water volumes approved by
the sub-commission for ground water sources and supplies classification (SGWSSC)
represented 40 792,15 l.s-1. Utilizable volumes in hydro-geological regions were reevaluated and modified in 2000. Utilizable volumes approved by SGWSSC represent in
the aggregate an increase by 136,1 l.s-1.
•
By 1st January 2001 the total amount of utilizable ground water volumes not approved
by SGWSSC represented 34 966,30 l.s-1. Further to elaboration of new hydro-geological
surveys and taking into account of the results of new hydro-geological studies, some data
on documented utilizable volumes of subsurface waters not approved by the SGWSSC in
three hydro-geological regions, have been specified. Utilizable volumes not approved by
SGWSSC represent in the aggregate a decrease by 89,01 l.s-1 in comparison with the year
1999.
Development of utilizable amounts of ground water in Slovakia according to individual
categories
Chart No. 1.1.2.1.
It is evident from the chart that changes in different categories, mainly in categories A,
B and C1, i.e. such sources that are utilizable immediately, are minimal. This is the evidence
of a low objective utilization of water sources. Therefore it is inevitable to ensure a detailed
hydro-geological survey and on its basis re-classify the utilizable sources to categories that
can be exploited from the waterworks point of view.
Subsurface water quality
In the year 2000 the ground water quality was monitored in 26 areas important from the
water management point of view, above all in watercourses alluvials, in mezzozoic and
neovulcanic complexes, that belong to SHMI basic network, completed by drills, utilized and
non-utilized springs. The monitoring network consists of 332 monitoring points that are being
monitored once a year, 11 not utilized drills, 54 utilized drills, 206 bores of the basic network
of SHMI, 34 utilized springs and 27 not utilized springs.
Ground waters of the area Žitný ostrov, as one of the larges reservoirs of subsurface
water in the Central Europe, cover a separate part of monitoring network of ground water
quality in Slovakia. In the year 2000 ground water quality was monitored totally in 34
monitoring facilities in 4 areas from two to four times a year.
We can see from the global quality evaluation in the monitored areas (except of Žitný
ostrov) that the values of acceptable concentration (the highest possible concentration),
defined by the norm for drinking water STN 75 7111 in 2000, exceeded in following
indicators: total Fe (127 times), Mn (117 times), H2S (98 times), NELUV (46 times) and NH4
(37 times), SO4 (31 times) which is the evidence of unfavourable oxidation- reduction
conditions. As for trace elements the most often exceeding concentrations were of Hg (30
times), Cd (26 times), Pb (15 times) and As (12 times) of local character.
31
In the area of Žitný ostrov the tolerable values of concentration (the highest tolerable
concentration) defined by the norm for drinking water STN 75 7111 following indicators
exceeded the norm in 2000: total Fe (68 times), Mn (63 times), Ni (24 times), ChSKmn (20
times) NELUV (10 times) and phenol evaporating with water vapour (8 times) out of total 248
settings. Number of exceeded indicators at Fe, Mn and NH4 is the evidence of negative oxidereduction conditions also on the territory of Žitný ostrov.
As for trace elements in the area of Žitný ostrov most often were recorded increased
concentrations of Ni (24 times) and Pb (5 times), predominantly in its middle and lower part
and the left side of the river Dunaj.
In accordance with up-dating of STN 75 7111 evaluation of subsurface water quality
with regard to contends of arsenic and antimony has been changed. Many water sources have
been shift to the category unsatisfactory due to decrease of limit values. Because of the
increase of nitrates other sources have been impaired and those are or will be displaced as
unsuitable for drinking purposes.
Data on overrun of the highest limit value (HLV) of arsenic, antimony, nitrates have
been elaborated by WRI for the period of 1997-2001.
The following chart shows the number of water courses for the said elements on the
territory of Slovakia with an exceeded HLV and an average ampleness of these sources:
Substance
Number of
sources
Ampleness of the
source (l.s-1)
Content of substance
minimum
maximum
HLV
Arsenic
23
362,7
10,1 µg.l-1
401,0 µg.l-1
10,0 µg.l-1
Antimony
15
252,6
5,1 µg.l-1
132,0 µg.l-1
5,0 µg.l-1
Nitrates
45
916,7
50,1 mg.l-1
220,0 mg.l-1
50,0 mg.l-1
Total
83
1 532,0
Source: Generel of protection and rational utilization of waters, WRI Bratislava, 2001
From the chart it is evident that because of exceeding HLV of these three substances, 83
water sources have to be excluded from utilization for drinking purposes. Their total
ampleness represent 1 532 l.s-1, out of this 916,7 l.s-1 because of exceeded nitrate content.
Technologies of water treatment have been elaborated for water sources with a high
content of nitrates but because of considerable financial costs and difficulty of technologies
new water courses are preferentially searched for or long-distance network from existing
large-capacity quality subsurface waters (e.g. the town Levice is supplied from a largecapacity source in Gabčíkovo).
Drinking water quality
Drinking water quality assessment in the distribution network of public water supply
system is based on control results of water supply facilities operators in the sector of Ministry
of the Soil Management SR – state water and sewage works.
In the laboratories of water and sewage works, 16 652 drinking water samples have
been analysed from sampling points in the distribution network in the year 2001 and 386 113
analyses of different indicators of drinking water quality have been made.
The occurrence of microbiological and physical-chemistry indicators exceeding the
limit values in 2001 was evaluated according to STN 75 7111 Drinking water. The evaluation
32
of radiological indicators was done according to the Decree No. 12/2001 Dig. of MH SR on
claims on radiation protection.
Indicators of the sensorial qualities of water were of top frequency, where 168 035
analysis have been made and indicators of microbiological and biological water quality with
128 596 analysis. There was a lower number of analysis (13 106) in the class of the organic
indicators, but without finding any limit values exceeding.
It might be stated in the overall results assessment that the total share of analysis
meeting the STS 75 7111 limits was 98,87 % in the year 2001, which represents 0,23 %
improvement in comparison with the year 2000.
The following chart demonstrates microbiological and biological indicators and their %
of over limit settings.
Table No 1.1.2.2
No.
Indicator’s name
Unit
Number of
settings
% of
settings
over limit
Range of
settled values
STN
Sort of limit
1
Extrementious
streptoccochi
in 100 ml
15 679
1,09
0 - 276
0
HLV
2
Coliform bacteria
in 100 ml
15 758
3,06
0 - 500
0
HLV
3
Mezofilios bacteria
in 1 ml
15 731
1,05
0 - 820
20
LV
4
Psychrofilious bacteria
in 1 ml
15 600
0,22
0 - 1 600
200
LV
5
Thermo-tolerant
coliform bacteria
in 100 ml
15 486
1,01
0 - 200
0
6
Abioseston
covering of
light
microscope
viewing field
in %
10 757
0,23
0 - 40
10
LV
7
Colourless flagellates
singulars
in 1 ml
10 752
0,38
0 - 30
0
LV
8
Dead organism
singulars
in 1 ml
10 617
0,00
0 - 28
30
LV
9
Living organism
singulars
in 1 ml
10 671
1,14
0 - 96
0
Ferrous and
manganese bacteria
covering of
light
microscope
viewing field
in %
7 545
0,20
0 - 100
10
10
*
**
HLV
HLV
LV
*
highest limit value
limit value
Source: WRI Bratislava, What water are we drinking?
**
As a problem among inorganic indicators proved to be antimony and arsenic that
showed in 2001, 4,27 % of settings over limit (antimony) and 2,05 % settings over limit arsenic.
Since 1st February 2002, the MH SR Decree No. 29/2002 Dig on claims on drinking
water and control of drinking water quality, has come into force. By this Decree hygienic
limits for micro biological and physical and chemical indicators of drinking water quality has
been settled as well as the numbers of drinking water quality control. In comparison to the
33
STN 75 7111, some indicators have been supplemented and limit values of some indicators
have been changed.
1.1.3 WATER SOURCES PROTECTION
Water source protection should be considered as an integrated protection of quality and
quantity of both surface and ground waters including natural healing springs and mineral
waters. The issue of water pollution, with an direct or indirect impact on water sources,
represents a determining factor in protection quality of water sources. Protection of water
quantity, so called quantitative protection, is based on accumulation ability of the landscape
as well as on the control of respecting calculated limits of withdrawn amounts of water. This
is the reason why limits of utilizing ground water supplies have been introduced, (so called
ecological limits), as well as binding minimum discharges (so called ecological discharges MQEKO) on watercourses according to the principles of surface water management in the
respective river basins.
Both aspects of water protection, quantitative and qualitative, are under the umbrella of
the so called territorial water protection system, chiefly in the WM important resource areas.
It consists of three types of protection: a general one, resulting from the Act on waters; a
wider one – regional protection, introduced via protected WM areas; a strict specialized one so called closer protection of water sources for drinking purposes introduced via sections of
hygienic protection.
Protection of natural healing sources and natural sources of mineral waters, resulting
from the NC SR Act No. 277/1994 Dig. on health care, represents a separate protection
category.
QUALITATIVE WATER PROTECTION
One of the key roles in qualitative water protection is the treatment of the problem of
pollution sources. Sources of pollution that have a negative impact on water quality, are in
principle assessed as point sources of pollution and surface sources of pollution.
Discharged waters from industrial and agricultural production and from residences are
determining sources of point pollution. Despite of the fact, that since 1990, the amount of
discharged waste waters has had a decreasing tendency, it is necessary to increase the number
of population connected to sewage system and to conduct measures for waste water treatment.
A special problem, as a source of the point pollution, represent sewage systems and
WWTP mainly in the cases where the treatment of wastewater is missing or water is treated
insufficiently. In 2001 there were 485 municipalities with built up sewage system. From 108
municipalities is sewage water let out directly to the recipient without a previous treatment in
WWTP.
As the capacity of many WWTP is insufficient that is the reason for their reconstruction or building up of new WWTP mainly in municipalities with more inhabitants
like: WWTP Trenčín-right side, WWTP Poprad-Matejovce, WWTP Košice II and III
constructions, WWTP Banská Štiavnica, Nitra-new WWTP, Topolčany-intensification
WWTP, Nové Zámky-enlargement WWTP, WWTP Kolárovo and other.
34
QUANTITATIVE WATER PROTECTION
We understand the qualitative water protection as keeping of claims for preserving the
minimum discharge in surface courses. This claim has been included in the Directive of
MFWM SSR No. 341/80-310 of 1980 where the minimum acceptable discharge has been
marked as MQ. Existing experience shows that MQ calculated this way is too low, mainly at
courses with lower water rate where the long-term annual discharge doesn’t exceed 20 m3.s-1.
That is why it is necessary to set MQ individually for every year and a different MQ is
possible to set even for single part of the same course.
The notion of quantitative protection of ground water sources yield was introduced in
1993, when a Methodology of Assessment of Ecological Limits of Ground Water Sources
Utilization has been developed (Kullman E. et allies) and applied in Generel of Protection and
Rational Water Utilization (1995).
The methodology is defining a way of assessment of ecological limits of ground water
sources utilization and sustainable development of the landscape with defining global
ecological limits for the whole drainage area – hydrological region or hydrological structure
and local ecological limits for utilized sources – springs and drills. From the present
experience it might be stated, that there is a decrease of currently utilized amounts of springs
Qmin in 15-20 % and of drills Qdop in 20-30 %.
Within the scientific-technical project of the MSM SR „ Research of Adjustability of
Drinking Water Sources and Environmental Aspects of Water Sources in Riverside Areas“
solved in WRI and finished in 2000, ecological intake limits have been worked out for two
river basins: river sources in the river basin Turiec and river basin Torysa for the water
sources, especially in the alluvial deposits in the area of Brezovica-Prešov.
Quantitative water protection of mineral and curative waters is provided by the MH SRInspectorate of Spa and Springs that is determining the limit values of intake places for
individual customers. These limits are fixed in dependence on possibilities of hydrogeological structure and stability of qualitative and quantitative parameters of sources.
There is no intention, in the meantime, to solve the problem of the ecological limits of
ground water intakes in other areas because of considerable financial demands.
TERRITORIAL PROTECTION OF WATER SOURCES
In addition to already mentioned qualitative and quantitative protection of waters, there
is a system introduced for WM important resource areas - a system of ”territorial protection of
waters”. It consists of three types of protection: a general one, resulting from the Act No.
184/2002 Dig. on waters; a wider one – regional protection; and a strictly specialized one - so
called closer protection of utilized water sources.
⇒ General protection of waters and water sources is applied fully according to the Water
Act No.184/2002 Dig. on the entire Slovak territory without additional measures from the
Government or WM authorities. General protection of water sources is practically present
in the responsibility of all entities who handle or deal with waters.
⇒ Regional - a wider water protection is expressed in declaration of protected water
management areas – PWMA (also called ”protected areas of natural water
accumulation”). Wider- regional protection means that in some WM important areas the
general rules apply or WM authorities may adjust or forbid activities that might threaten
35
WM interests in the respective areas. Currently, there are 10 PWMA declared in the SR
covering a territory of 6 942 km2.
⇒ In the new Act No. 184/2002 Dig. on water the problem of protected water management
areas is included in § 27 where following is stated: “the territory creating an important
natural accumulation of waters can be proclaimed by the Government a protected water
management area“.
⇒ Strict special protection is resulting from § 19 of the Water Act No. 138/1973 Dig and has
been realised by hygienic protection sections and assignment of water courses and their
basins.
⇒ New Act No. 184/2002 Dig. on waters and changes and supplements to some other laws
is imposing the Ministry of Environment of SR in the § 78 par. 2 letter c) „Mandatory
provisions“ to work out generally binding regulation „Details assignment of protection
area of waterwork sources and measures related“.
Protection of natural healing sources and natural sources of mineral waters represents a
separate category. According to the basic registration of mineral sources on the Ministry of
Health SR - Inspectorate of Spa and Springs - there are 1644 springs of mineral waters on the
territory of Slovakia.
A special group among natural mineral waters represents natural healing waters used for
balneo-therapeutic purposes in Slovak spa, as well as natural drinking mineral waters. To
protect these sources, protection areas are being established where activities endangering
them are limited or prohibited.
Protection of these waters is ensured by the NC SR Act No. 277/1994 Dig. on health
care in the wording of later regulations. In accordance with this Act the protection of mineral
and natural healing waters is ensured by marking of protection areas (PA) as a rule in three
stages, forbidding or restricting activities with possible negative effects on these sources.
In spite of the fact that there are several hundreds of healing and mineral waters on the
territory of Slovakia, the protected areas have been marked only at 17 places. Marking of PA
is fully in the competence of the MH SR without participation of the MSM SR and the ME
SR but all other sectors are obliged to take into respect PA of healing and mineral sources.
GENEREL OF PROTECTION AND RACIONAL UTILIZATION OF WATER
In December 2001the work on the 2nd emission of important water management
document „Generel of Protection and Rational Utilization of Water“ has been finished. The
document has been - in accordance with the Water Act - involved among water plans. It is
elaborated on the basis of hydro-ecological and water management plans of river basins
during the period of 5 years. The first emission of the Generel has been elaborated in the year
1995 as a common material of both sectors - the Ministry of the Soil Management SR and the
Ministry of Environment SR that are supervisors of the said document.
The objective of the 2nd emission is to specify long-term, large-space strategic tasks for
rational treatment with waters, their protection on the basis of river basins or their parts. It
represents a complete material on water wealth on the territory of Slovakia, overview of the
space lay out, changes in time and space. The document is evaluating qualitative indicators,
determining countable parts of water wealth and possibilities of its covering, evaluating and
stating rules of water wealth protection against qualitative debasement and unacceptable
exploitation.
36
Chapters and sub-chapters of the Generel have been elaborated in two levels: so called
general, where the territory of Slovakia is evaluated as a whole and special one where the
territory of Slovakia is divided into 10 partial drainage areas - rivers Dunajec and Poprad,
Morava, Dunaj, Váh, Hron, Ipeľ, Bodrog, Slaná, Hornád and Bodva.
The Generel will serve as a basis for:
⇒ drawing up of long-term utilization of the water fund and its protection in Slovakia,
⇒ decisions on conception of water management as a whole in relation to other sectors as
for decisive problems in partial drainage areas,
⇒ for a wide water management public and other offices and organizations with concern to
long-term development of water management,
⇒ decisions of the state administration and water management offices on all stages of
administration.
REVITALISATION OF RIVER BASINS
The purpose of the revitalization is to remove or eliminate negative impacts of water
courses regulations on environment, to revive their ecological functions in the country with
regard to purpose functions preservation.
Revitalization of ecological functions has to correspond to natural conditions,
conditions of the legislative protection and the character of territory utilization. It must be in
accord with the conception of territorial systems of ecological stability elaborated up to a
local level.
From the typological point of view we can differentiate between following basic types
of revitalization:
• revitalization of courses in the past unsuitably regulated with regard to ecological
functions,
• revitalization of courses with long-term pollution and courses after break downs.
Revitalization aims to a complex of measures for improvement of water quality in courses.
In practice we can meet mostly claims on revitalization of courses that represent a
combination of both types.
Natural circulation of water in nature is negatively influenced in many parts of the
territory of Slovakia. Changes of water regime have been caused mainly by a substantial
decrease of the country’s ability to keep water.
−
−
−
−
In drainage areas the following forms of revitalization are being implemented:
revitalization of natural functions of water courses,
establishment and revitalization of elements of territorial ecological stability system
(TESS) connected to water regime,
revitalization of retence ability of the country
reconstruction of technical objects and removal of mud from production ponds,
construction of new root WWTP and make foundations of artificial swamps.
37
1.2
DRINKING WATER
NETWORKS
SUPPLY
BY
PUBLIC
WATER
SUPPLY
The total number of inhabitants connected to public water supply networks increased to
4 498,0 thous in 2001 which is an increase by 18,8 thous compared to previous year. (i.e.
83,6 % out of the total number of population in the Slovak Republic). The increase of
supplied population in 2001 covered only 0,7 of percentage point. This was caused mainly by
an decrease of inhabitants living in Bratislava and Košice and their the suburbs of (Bratislava
by 19 269 and Košice by 5 851 inhabitants). The level of development of public water supply
network is different in respective regions. The highest share of supplied population is in
Bratislava region, and in the regions Trenčin, Žilina and Banská Bystrica it is still higher than
the Slovak average. Košice and Prešov regions are left behind the Slovak average in
development of public water supply network The situation in drinking water supply is even
more different from respective districts point of view as the share of population supplied with
drinking water is balancing from 50 % (Vranov nad Topľou, Sabinov, Bytča, Košicesurrounding) up to the saturation level (Bratislava, Prievidza, Martin, Banská Bystrica,
Partizánske...)
Development of total number of population and number of population supplied with
drinking water from the public water supply system
Table No. 1.2.1
1995
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
Total number of population [thous.]
5363,7
5383,2
5394,4
5395,3
5400,6
5379,8
Population supplied from PWSS [thous.]
4256,8
4351,6
4410,1
4454,9
4479,2
4498,0
79,4
80,8
81,8
82,6
82,9
83,6
Proportion [%]
By: WRI
Number of population supplied by drinking water from public water supply network out of total
Chart No. 1.2.1
population
Drinking water produced in the water and sewage works reached the total volume of
367,2 mil. m3 in 2001. Compared to 2000 it is a decrease by 24,5 mil. m3. It is obvious from
the tab. no. 1.2.2, that there is an ongoing decrease in the volume of invoiced water – in
2001 total amount decreased by 14,6 mil.m3, of which the decrease for residencies was 9,4
3
mil. m . The amount of invoiced water covered 70,8 % of water defined for realization.
Water supply for households is decreasing despite the fact that the number of supplied
population has increased. It means, that also in 2001 the specific drinking water consumption
has decreased, namely to 117,1 l.inhab.-1day-1.
The amount of non-invoiced water has decreased to 107,2 mil. m3, that is 29,2 % of the
produced water; of which amount more than 97,7 % is covering the losses in the piping
network (28,5 % of produced water).
Construction of drinking water supply network resulted also in an increased number of
technical facilities. Total length of water supply pipes in Slovakia increased, when compared
to 2000 in 492 km, to a total length of 23 656 km. The length of water supply branches
increased in 2001 by 88 km, to a total of 5 549 km.
38
Water delivery and development of water supply network in WSW administration
Table No. 1.2.2
Year
No.
Indicator
Unit
Assumed
2002
Assumed
2003
4 028,7
404,0
4050,0
1999
2000
2001
thousand
4 014,4
4 028,9
1.
Number of population supplied from water
supply network
2.
Water sources capacity
l.s-1
29 308
29 530
29 952
30 200
30 200
3.
Distribution networks length
km
20 116
20 359
20 631
20 800
21 000
4.
Ground water sources capacity
l.s-1
24 396
24 401
24 869
24 900
25 050
5.
Water produced in WM facilities
402,5
391,7
367,2
361,5
355,3
336,0
323,6
304,2
302,0
300,0
402,8
392,1
367,7
362,0
355,8
286,5
275,1
260,5
256,1
250,7
185,9
181,6
172,2
169,8
166,4
116,3
117,0
107,2
105,9
105,1
96,8
94,7
104,7
100,5
100,1
126,9
123,5
117,1
115,2
112,6
3
mil. m
of which: water produced from ground
water
3
6.
Water for realization
mil. m
7.
Invoiced water total
mil. m
3
Households included
8.
Not invoiced water
3
mil. m
of which: losses in the piping network
9.
Specific water consumption
(out of water invoiced in households)
l.inhab.-1
.day-1
Source: Data on water management investment construction and operation in Slovakia as per 31/12/2001
Water defined for realization in WSW administration in mil. m3
Chart No. 1.2.2
Specific water consumption in WSW administration
Chart No. 1.2.3
Development of inhabitant supplies and the realized intakes represent typical indicator
of drinking water supply from public water supply systems.
Development of water supplies from the public water supply systems has a raising
trend. Development trends of supplies are rising 2-4 times faster than the demographical ones.
Over the last 11 years the share of inhabitants supplied has raised by 8,1 of the percentage
point, which represents a total increase of 496 thous. inhabitants. The most progressive
development of supplies to inhabitants from the public water supply networks showed the
regions of Western and Eastern Slovakia.
Over the last five years the development of public water supply systems has slowed
down which is evident from the lower average increase of supplied inhabitants.
The development of the growth of inhabitants supplied by drinking water from public
water supply networks and the decrease of a total quantity of water produced for drinking
purposes is shown in the chart No. 1.2.4.
39
Development of total quantity of drinking water and development of supplies to population
from public water supply systems
Chart No. 1.2.4
The share of water intakes for households on a total water supply has raised over the
last years. On the contrary, a total volume of water for households has a decreasing character.
Intakes for other customers prove a more considerable decrease. Over the last 10 years
the volume of water delivered to other customers has decreased by 90,3 mil. m3 per year-1, i.e.
47,5 %.
The development of water price and drinking water intakes for households (expressed
by the indicator of water invoiced for a household falling on 1supplied inhabitant) is shown in
the chart No. 1.2.5. The chart No. 1.2.6 shows the development of intakes (expressed by the
indicator of invoiced water for other customers falling on 1supplied inhabitant) and an
average prices of water for other customers.
Development of the price of water and intakes for households
Chart No. 1.2.5
Development of an average price of water and intakes for other customers
Chart No. 1.2.6
1.3.
SEWERAGE AND WASTE WATER TREATMENT
Out of 2 883 municipalities and towns in Slovakia there are 490 of them connected to
the public sewerage system, i.e. 17 %. In 288 municipalities the public sewerage systems are
administrated by the water and sewage system enterprises.
Development of public sewerage systems is behind the development of public water
system networks in Slovakia. The total number of inhabitants connected to public sewerage
systems increased by 12 219 in 2001 compared to previous year. This was caused mainly by
an decrease of inhabitants living in Bratislava by 2 968,5 thous. inhabitants), that is 55,2 %
out of the total number of population in the Slovak Republic. Much more unfavourable
situation is in different regions and districts. Trnava, Nitra and Žilina regions are left behind
the Slovak average in development of public sewerage network The situation in sewerage
networks is even more differentiated from respective districts point of view as the share of
population connected to the public sewerage network is balancing from 30 % (Zlaté Moravce,
Komárno, Námestovo, Čadca, Košice-surrounding and Trebišov).
Development of public sewerage system and amount of wastewater discharged by
public sewerage systems in WSW administration is shown in table No. 1.3.1.
40
Waste water discharge and development of sewerage system in WSW administration
Table No. 1.3.1
Year
No
Indicator
Unit
assumed
2002
assumed
2003
1999
2000
2001
2 626,2
2 645,0
2 644,4
2 750,0
2 800,0
2 517,4
2 538,1
2 549,5
2 650,0
2 700,0
5 166
5 220
5 266
5 300
5 350
458,9
445,3
418,1
390,0
370,0
252,1
240,3
231,1
225,8
225,8
mil. m3
143,0
137,2
132,9
129,7
129,7
5 Industrial and other waste water
3
mil. m
109,1
103,1
98,2
96,1
96,1
6 Treated waste water
mil. m3
434,6
423,2
404,3
370,0
350,0
Number of inhabitants
1 connected to public sewerage
system
thousand
of which: houses connected to
sewerage system with WWTP
2
Length of sewerage system
network
3
Total volume of water
discharged to water courses
of which: amount of discharged
waste water
4 Sewage
km
mil. m3
Source: Data on WM investment construction and operation in Slovakia as per 31/12/2001
Waste water discharge and sewage development in WSW administration
Chart No. 1.3.1
Comparison of % of population supplied from public water supply network
and % of population connected to public sewage system
Chart No. 1.3.2
The data on public water and sewage systems show that the share of inhabitants living
in flats connected to sewerage systems is behind the share of supplied inhabitants and has a
raising character. While in 1990 the development of sewerage systems was behind water
supply systems by 24,5 %, in 1995 by 26,9 %, in the year 2001 it represents the deference by
28,5 %. Nevertheless there is an evidence of considerable number of sewerage systems and
WWTP under construction. Building up of these constructions is slow or it has been stopped
due to the lack of financial sources.
The trend of public sewerage systems development is more progressive than it was in
the last years. While in the period of 1990-1995 the average annual increase represented 25,8
thous. of drained inhabitants, over the last five years it was 27,7 thous.
As there is not desirable waste water treatment of some sewerage systems, it is
necessary to ensure more rapid quantitative development of water treatment capacities then is
the trend in sewerage systems development.
Quantitative trend in development of water treatment capacities is 3 times behind the
water sewerage development in comparison with previous years. While in the period of 19901995 the average annual growth of inhabitants living in flats connected to sewerage system
with WWTP reached the number of 61,8 thous., in the last years it represented in average 20,6
thous.
41
Treatment of communal waste waters does not exist in108 municipalities with a public
sewerage system and waste waters are discharged directly to the recipients and thus pollute
water courses. In 76 % of a total number of municipalities with a public water supply system
there is not a subsequent drainage and treatment of communal waste water. Out of total
volume of water produced and delivered to a customer through public water supply network,
only 71 % is later drained by the public sewerage works and only 67 % is drained in existing
WWTP.
1 688 thous. of inhabitants supplied by drinking water from public water supply system
are not enabled to drain and treat waste water through public sewerage system; 261 thous. of
inhabitants living in flats connected to the public sewerage system have not been provided
for an adequate treatment of waste water. This number is including also some inhabitants
from residences with more then 10 thous. inhabitants (Banská Štiavnica and Štúrovo) as well
as those from important residences with WWTP on the basis of a mechanical treatment (e.g.
Komárno, Stropkov, Kolárovo).
The chart No. 1.3.3 shows the difference between the quantity of water delivered by
public water system networks drained by the public sewerage systems and treated in WWTP.
There are several claims related to draining and treatment of communal wastewater that
are to meet within the accession process to EU. Besides the problems listed it will be
inevitable to reconstruct many WWTP that are not meeting the claims of EU legislation
(Directive 91/271/EEC dealing with municipality waste water treatment) and to built up
public sewage systems with an appropriate treatment of waste water in municipalities over
2000 inhabitants that have not been connected to a sewage system network. Nowadays there
are 110 municipalities without a connection to a public sewage system).The chart No. 1.3.4.
shows the level of water supply system, sewage system and sewage systems with WWTP
facilities in municipalities with inhabitants over 2000. From the comparison of a total number
of these municipalities results the volume exacting character of the water, sewage system
construction and WWTP.
Difference between the quantity of water delivered to households
and drained by sewerage systems
Chart No. 1.3.3
Municipalities over 2000 inhabitants and their present-day
facilities of public water and sewage systems and WWTP
Chart No. 1.3.4
2.
PRODUCTION INDICATORS IN WATERCOURSES
2.1 WATER SOURCES UTILIZATION AND OTHER BENEFITS
HOUSEHOLD WATER SUPPLY
Surface water supply from surface water sources has had a decreasing trend on the
entire territory of Slovakia since 1990. Compared to 2000 there was a decrease in 2001 in
3 858 thous.m3to 707 116 thous.m3, i.e. by 0,54 %. The only increase in water supply there
was in the branch office Bodrog and Hornád by 20 842 thous.m3, i.e. by 5,7 %. Water intakes
for public water supply network decreased compared to 2000 by 3 476 thous.m3, i.e. by
5,0 %, to 62 842 thous.m3. Compared to previous year water intakes for industry increased by
42
19 659 thous.m3, i.e. by 3,5 %. Total water supply for industry amounted 584 615 thous.m3.
There was a significant increase of 20 064 thous.m3 for irrigation.
Surface water supply (paid) [thous.m3]
Table No. 2.1.1
BO Bodrog
and Hornád
River Basin
SWME, s.e.
67 237
360 012
707 116
12 362
16 743
33 737
62 842
93 354
121 367
44 274
325 620
584 615
agriculture
34 265
18 519
6 220
655
59 659
of which: irrigation
34 210
17 077
5 661
474
57 422
BO Danube
River Basin
BO Váh River
Basin
127 619
152 248
0
industry and others
Supply total
of which:
public water supply network
BO Hron
River Basin
Source: Data on WM investment construction and operation in Slovakia as per 31/12/2001
Surface water delivery
ADMINISTRATION
FACILITIES
Chart No. 2.1.1
OF
WATERCOURSES
AND
WATER
MANAGEMENT
In accordance with the Art 4 of the Constitution of the Slovak Republic water courses
are in the ownership of the Slovak Republic.
In the administration of Slovak Water Management Enterprise, s.e. Banská Štiavnica as
a specialized water management organization there are mainly important water courses
specified by the Ministry of Forest and Water Management of the Slovak Socialist Republic
Decree No. 10/1977 designating water management courses and their basins as well as the list
of important (from the water management point of view) water courses, in the wording of the
Ministry of Agriculture SR Decree No. 56/2001 Dig.
According to data of “The Inventory on of Water Courses in the digital output using the
delimitative protocols, pursuant to the administration on the water management maps
M=1:50 000”, up-dated in 2000-2001, the length of water courses important from the water
management point of view represents 12 607,115 km.
Out of this in administration of:
water management
forest management
military forests
other administrators
without an administrator
12 052,621 km
388,275 km
146,336 km
18,732 km
1,151 km
Partition of water courses administration
Chart No. 2.1.2
The Act No. 184/2002 Dig on waters and changes and amendments to some acts (Water
Act) has cancelled since 1st June 2002, the Ministry of Water Management and Forestry SSR
Decree No.10/1977 Dig. in the wording of the Decree No. 56/2001 of The Ministry of the
Soil Management of the Slovak Republic. In accordance with the Regulation § 78 part 3 letter
43
c) of the Water Act a new decree is being elaborated with concern to a list of water courses
important from the water management point of view.
The Slovak Water Management Enterprise, s.e. Banská Štiavnica is the administrator of
66 % of total watercourses length (important water courses and small water courses).
Besides the SWME, s.e. Banská Štiavnica the administration of water courses is
provided also by the state enterprise Forests of the Slovak Republic, Forest and Agricultural
Property Ulič, Tatra National Park total 24 %, Military Forests and Estates Pliešovce 2 %,
other administrators 1% and for 7 % of water courses is not designated administrator.
The SWME, s.e. Banská Štiavnica is administrating regulated courses in the length of
7 898 km, built-up dikes in the length of 2 769,5 km. Draining regulation from the area is
enabled by 235 weirs and 54 large water reservoirs (out of this 47 multi-purpose and 7 water
reservoirs).
HYDRO POWER POTENTIAL
Total consumption of electrical energy in the year 2001 in Slovakia represents 28 325
GWh. There was a slight increase of the consumption by 121 GWh in comparison to the year
2000.
Total production in Slovakia amounts 30 003 GWh, that is a considerable increase by
1 126 GWh, out of this 4 941 GWh was produced in water power plants that represents
15,44 % of total production.
The production of the Slovak Power Plants, joint stock comp. covered 83,55 % and
16,45 % are represented by other sources.
The Slovak Power Plants, joint stock comp. produced 26 740 GWh of electric energy,
of which 17 290 GWh (64,66 %) has been produced in nuclear power plants (increase by 796
GWh in comparison to the previous year), 4 715 GWh (17,63 %) in thermal power stations
and in hydro power plants there have been 4 735 GWh produced (17,71 %).Greater amount of
produced electrical energy enabled advantageous export abroad at profitable economical
contracts.
Proportion of resources on electric energy production
in Slovak Power Plants, p.l.c.
Chart No. 2.1.3
Currently, there are 198 small water powers plants (SWPP), out of them 34 are
administrated by the SWME, s.e. Banská Štiavnica.
Table No. 2.1.2
Branch enterprise
Number of buit
up SWPP
BE Povodie Dunaja
BE Povodie Váhu
BE Povodie Hrona
BE Povodie Bodrogu a Hornádu
SWME, s.e total
2001
5
14
12
3
34
Installed
output
(MW)
2001
3,02
3,90
0,89
0,66
8,47
Source: SWME, s.e., Banská Štiavnica
44
Production of electrical energy
1997
3,97
7,62
2,04
3,17
16,80
1998
4,40
8,54
2,31
2,12
17,37
(GWh)
1999
9,18
11,25
2,55
2,36
25,34
2000
8,85
10,31
1,77
1,80
22,73
2001
12,34
12,01
4,57
1,30
30,22
In the year 2001 SWPP Zvolen has been put into a trial operation, with an installed
output of 0,828 MW, SWPP Kalná nad Hronom with an installed output of 1,5 MW and since
March 2001 SWPP Selice with and installed output of 0,52 MW.
The water power plant Ladce has been reconstructed in 2001 and thus sufficient
quantity of water ensured for water power plants on the whole derivative channel. The
installed output rose from 13,8 MW to 18,9 MW (difference in installed outputs +5,1 MW,
that is equal to the output of one new middle SWPP) and at the same time better utilization
was achieved thanks to higher operation of advanced machines-by approx. 3,6%.
IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
Measures taken before the irrigation season 2001, created conditions for a more
successful start of the operation of irrigation systems than in the previous years.
As a result of catastrophic drought and its negative effects on agriculture and forestry in
the year 2000 the Slovak Government has allocated extra finances in the amount of 300,0 mil.
Sk to SWME, s.e. Banská Štiavnica for repair and maintenance, reconstruction and
completion of the main ameliorative establishments and the irrigation systems.
Overview of built-up and working capacities of irrigations with an estimated and actual
water intakes for irrigation in 2001:
SWME, s.e. BE
River basin Dunaj
Built irrigation
systems
in ha
Out of: in
operation
in ha
Assumed water intake
in thous.m3
Actual water intake by
31/8/2001
in thous.m3
143 274
141 986
61 144
42 897,0
River basin Váh
96 355
91 016
28 669
15 388,1
River basin Hron
45 490
42 017
12 925
4 673,0
River basin Bodrog
and Hornád
29 817
23 346
4 117
451,3
314 936
298 365
106 855
63 410,1
SWME, s.e. total
Source: Evaluation of irrigation season in 2001, MSM SR
The Slovak Water Management Enterprise, s.e. as an administrator of irrigation systems
provided for their operation in the season 2001 via 92 agreed operators. 378 irrigation pumps
were managed by the SWME, s.e.
Without conceptual treatment of problems connected with irrigation systems their
operation could be endangered. With regard to this problem a complex proposal of
revitalization of irrigation systems for 2002-2005 has been elaborated. In the proposal the
criteria of irrigation systems revitalization have been included. The proposal issues from
climatologic and hydrological aspects, defines priorities from the point of view of agricultural
production and specifies technical-technological sources and conditions of revitalization. The
quantification of costs connected with revitalization of the main irrigation systems and
irrigation detail are included as well as the sources to cover the costs and legislation aspects
of irrigation systems revitalization.
Financing of irrigation, in accordance with the valid decree of MSM SR, is complicated
and financial flow is not transparent. As there is not legal right for allocation of subsidies,
they can be but needn’t be provided.
45
SWME, s.e. as an administrator of irrigation establishments takes a considerable care
for the property protection. Present-day situation in equipment of irrigation pumps with
security systems is insufficient and calls for an operative treatment.
FISHERY
The ecological balance of the water environment is positively influenced by filling with
fish. Fishery contributes to preservation of ichtyofauna genofund in Slovakia, that is
represented by 60 original species and forms. On the basis of the Ministry of the Soil
Management SR Decision „The Nominal Commission for Fish“ has been established. Its
principal mission is to preserve the purity of fish genofund in Slovakia, that can be reached
e.g. by supervising of fishing ground that will secure filling with only healthy fish, first of all
from our fish breeding.
On the basis of decision on entrepreneurial activities in agriculture the MSM SR has
allocated 2,040 mil. Sk as a subsidy for breeders on produced and sold fry and 4,589 mil. Sk
to support the fish breeding (on 1 ha of fish pond area max. 3 000 Sk). The subsidy has not
been offered for investment constructions of breeding establishments.
The Nominal Commission for Fish, issuing the certificates on administration of fish
breeding is recording approx. 85 subjects nowadays.
The Association of Fish Breeders in Slovakia, Stupava has been established in 1999
with the purpose of an effective enforcement of the interests of all registered fish breeders.
Breakdown water pollution and other impact to natural biotops represent the greatest
danger for ichtyofauna. For this reason the care for water quality and a regular annual
fishifying appears as inevitable in present-day conditions, with regard to an important bioindication function of fish and water animals at the purity of water ecosystem.
3.
NATURAL DISASTERS
As a result of spring waters in 2001 the Southwestern part of Slovakia has been stroke
by raising water levels. A larger extend of flood activity experienced the Eastern Slovakia
Lowland that had to face the transit of food spate over rivers Uh, Latorica, Tisa and Bodrog
from Ukraine to Hungary.
Rich precipitations and repeated storms from heat in June caused large floods in
Slovakia. On the territory of Moravia the river Moravia level has arisen. On the territory of
the North and North-Eastern Slovakia, the area of 32 regions has been afflicted by disastrous
floods.
TOTAL DAMAGES CAUSED BY FLOODS IN THE YEAR 2001
On the territory of Slovakia 379 municipalities have been afflicted by floods, 22 993 ha
of territory has been flooded, mainly agricultural soil. 1 213 ha in intravilan municipalities
and 8 039 of basements of houses were flooded. 94 family houses, 100 out-buildings and
other objects were damaged. Floods afflicted 149 enterprises and 19 828 inhabitants. 61
inhabitants have been left temporarily homeless. 243 people had to be evacuated and 138 out
of them from flooded area. Floods damaged 271 road bridges and 238 footbridges. Floods
took the toll of 2 people. Total damages on property of population reached the amount of
136,6 mil. Sk, 418,0 mil. Sk on the property of municipalities and 1 004,3 mil. Sk on the state
46
property administrated by sectors, regional and district offices. Damages on the property of
other subjects, mainly agricultural, represent 401,8 mil. Sk.
The Slovak Government decided, due to the lack of financial sources, that the state
budget would share the costs on rescue and security works in the amount of 89,2 mil. Sk.
1 384 public-beneficial working places will be offered the sum of 19,7 mil. Sk for the
purposes of distressed municipalities according to demands of their majors.
The table No. 3.1 and the chart No. 3.1 shows the financial impact of floods in previous
years 1999-2000 and the quantification of costs for rescue and security works and damages
caused by floods, approved by the Slovak Government. Damages caused by floods in 19992001 are shown in the table No. 3.2.
Financial impact of floods
Floods
Year
Municipalities
afflicted by
floods
Table No. 3.1
Flooded
area
Damages caused by
floods
(ha)
in mil. Sk
Costs in mil. Sk
Rescue
activity
Security
activity
Costs &
damages total
in mil. Sk
1999
652
656 463
4460,90
58,30
65,10
4584,30
2000
31
10 789
1234,20
8,90
55,50
1298,60
2001
379
22 993
1960,60
57,10
32,10
2049,80
Source: Reports on Floods in SR 1999, 2000, 2001
Flood damages and total costs for rescue and security activities (mil. Sk)
Chart No. 3.1
Quantification of damages caused by floods
Table No. 3.2
Damages on property in thous. Sk
Year of
flood
Inhabitant Municipalitie
Other
occurrence
State
s
s
subjects
1999
646 108
Damages in the sector of MSM SR in thous. Sk
Total
Agriculture
WM
Forestry
Total
2 812 216
635 800
1 410 254
1 768 734
4 460 896
1 691 936
460 661
659 619
2000
21 492
137 237
480 242
595220
1 234 191
595 220
225 874
81 245
902 339
2001
136 568
418 001
42 453
10 998
608 020
382 982
547 526
88 699
1 019 207
Source: Report on Floods in SR 1999, 2000, 2001
FLOOD PROTECTION
Preventive measures in the field of flood protection have been claiming for a complex
system salvation for several years as the analysis of the flood course in 1997-2001 pointed
out.
In order to remove flood impact in the year 2001 and to prevent the occurrence of flood
situations in the future, the regional offices and the Ministry of Interior SR suggest following
measures:
1. Operative allocation of financial sources for the settlement of costs for done rescue and
security works.
2. In category of budget of regional offices to allocate finances to cover the costs connected
with the rise of extraordinary situations and to define mechanism of economy with these
financial sources.
47
3. To allocate, if possible, from the state budget financial sources for covering of damages on
state roads, public communications, bridges and footbridges and urgently solve
breakdown situations.
4. To contribute, if possible, from the state budget to one-time compensation of damages on
houses and flats to inhabitants with regard to their financial and property situation.
5. To provide technical staff of district flood commission, technical staffs of regional flood
commission and municipality flood commission with material and technical equipment.
6. To create technical and financial conditions for a gradual construction of dry reservoirs on
upper length of watercourses in order to catch flood discharges and thus protect
municipalities from floods.
7. To apply knowledge from floods of the last years on the territory of Slovakia and to check
projected discharges of river beds and inter-dike inundations and consequently take
measures to ensure a sufficient discharge of water courses.
8. From the level of district offices, in co-operation with watercourses administrators to
realize examination of all courses and to take measures for preventing or eliminating the
disastrous impact of floods.
9. From the level of regional offices, to take measures to make offices responsible for
construction in districts and municipalities to consider approval of constructions with
regard to their flood protection.
10. Via water courses administrators to support flood protection of municipalities intravillans
hit by floods in the last years.
11. The work up a proposal of the act on flood protection.
One of possible system treatment of the unfavourable situation is the establishment of a
final fund for financing costs on security and rescue works on activities of flood offices, on
removal of flood damages and implementation of technical measures concentrated on flood
protection. A flood and breakdown fund, resp. fund for elimination of natural disaster effects
and their prevention could deliver improvement to this unfavourable situation.
4.
DEVELOPMENT OF INVESTMENTS
Financial resources from the state budget for the year 2001 spent from the budgetary
chapter of the Ministry of the Soil Management of the Slovak Republic reached the amount of
982,6 mil. Sk, which is 30,07 % of total annual investments of WM state enterprises.
System capital expenses allocated to water management after budgetary measures from
the state budget in amount of 381,3 mil. Sk have been spent for following construction
activities:
Water course section
♦ Autonomous system of warning and notification (ASWN) on WM in SR
♦ ASWN WR Nová Bystrica
♦ Hydro-melioration establishments total (HME)
♦ Floods on the territory of Slovakia in the years 1997-1999
rd
♦ WR Málinec, 3 construction, preparation
♦ WR Hronček, preparation
♦ Relay of the state road II/520, preparation
48
31,3 mil. Sk
10,0 mil. Sk
27,3 mil. Sk
134,2 mil. Sk
4,9 mil. Sk
6,8 mil. Sk
13,8 mil. Sk
Total
228,3 mil. Sk
Water supply and sewage systems section
♦ Nové Zámky, intensification of WWTP
15,0 mil. Sk
♦ Topoľčany, intensification of WWTP
3,0 mil. Sk
♦ Nová Bystrica, water treatment facility, reconstruction and modernization
5,0 mil. Sk
♦ Drinking water feeder and sewage system for the industrial park in the
surroundings of Lozorno
75,0 mil. Sk
♦ Hnúšta, WWP
55,0 mil. Sk
Total
153,0 mil. Sk
Within the individual capital expenses amounting 589,9 mil. Sk, the state enterprise
Water management construction, Bratislava and water and sewage system enterprises have
realised works on following constructions:
♦ Slatinka, village relocation
8,0 mil. Sk
rd
♦ Water reservoir Turček, 3 construction
48,7 mil. Sk
nd
♦ Water reservoir Málinec, 2 construction,
35,8 mil. Sk
Total
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
92,5 mil. Sk
Water feeder a water supply network in municipalities of protection
area of NPS Mochovce
Čadca, rekonstruction and enlargement of WWTP
Banská Štiavnica, sewage system and WWTP
Banská Bystrica, enlargement of WWTP
Banská Bystrica, sewage collector A
Rimavská Sobota-Chanava, water supply network, 1st construction
Hliník nad Hronom, water feeder
Vranov-Trebišov, water feeder
Svidník-Medzianky, water feeder water reservoir Starina
Krompachy, sewage system and WWTP
Svidník, sewage system and WWTP
265,4 mil. Sk
10,0 mil. Sk
21,0 mil. Sk
7,0 mil. Sk
11,0 mil. Sk
45,0 mil. Sk
15,0 mil. Sk
10,0 mil. Sk
30,0 mil. Sk
9,0 mil. Sk
25,0 mil. Sk
Total
497,4 mil. Sk
For running investment activities in the amount of 11,4 mil. Sk, the state enterprise
SWME, Banská Stiavnica has realised works on following constructions:
♦ ASWN on water basins in SR
8,7 mil. Sk
♦ HME - reconstruction and modernization
2,7 mil. Sk
Total
11,4 mil. Sk
The SWME, s.e. Banská Štiavnica financed from proper sources in the year 2001
investments of 473,2 mil. Sk and investments of 1 031,6 mil. Sk have been financed by state
enterprises of water and sewage systems.
Overview of financial resources of investment constructions in the years 2000 and
2001 (in mil. Sk) is shown in the following table and chart.
49
Table No. 4.1
Financial
resources
SWME ,s.e.
WSW enterprises
VVEC + HYCO
Total WM
2000
2001
2000
2001
2000
2001
2000
2001
SB
218,9
214,2
254,3
650,4
121,0
118,0
594,2
982,6
Own resources
430,5
473,2
862,4
1031,5
-
262,6
1 292,9
1767,3
State WM Fund
25,0
-
51,9
28,3
-
-
76,9
28,3
SF PEASMF SR
14,5
12,3
-
-
-
-
14,5
12,3
-
-
-
7,5
-
-
-
7,5
203,8
148,5
76,6
94,3
-
-
280,4
242,8
28,9
15,5
45,1
209,9
202,4
1,6
276,4
227,0
921,6
863,7
1 290,3
2021,9
323,4
382,2
2 535,3
3267,7
SFE SR
Credits
Other
TOTAL
By: Information letters of MSM SR, Report on results of economy of SE in WM in 2001
Proportion of financial resources on WM investments amounting 3 267,7 mil. Sk (year 2001)
Chart No. 4.1
5.
ECONOMICS IN WATER MANAGEMENT
5.1
INCOME POLICY
State Water Management Enterprises (five Water and Sewage Works, Slovak
Water Management Enterprise Banská Štiavnica, Water Engineering Construction Bratislava,
Hydroconsult Bratislava) administrated tangible assets amounting 110,1 mld. Sk by 31st
December 2001.
(mil. Sk)
Indicator
Tangible
assets
Year
WSW
SWME
WSW and
SWME
Other
WM total
2000
35 610,4
36 466,4
72 076,8
37 366,6
109 443,4
2001
36 507,5
35 692,9
72 200,4
37 686,0
109 886,4
102,6
97,9
100,2
100,9
101,4
Index
2000/2001
By: Information letters 2001, MSM SR
The Water management state enterprises showed a loss before taxation of 21 986
thous. Sk. Two water management state enterprises showed a profit (WSW Bratislava and
ESWSW Košice). Activities of other state water and sewage systems enterprises were
unprofitable and thus influenced the total economical result in this sector.
Revenues in water management state enterprises made an increase of 7,4 % compared
to 2001 and they reached an amount of 6 520 205 thous. Sk. The highest share on revenues
have had returns for sale of own products and services (91,9 %). Other operational revenues
increased by 22,6 %. Total costs reached the amount of 6 515 995 thous. Sk that represents an
increase by 5,3 % compared to the same period of time of the previous year.
50
The Slovak Water Management Enterprise, s.e., Banská Štiavnica reached the
profit after the taxation in the amount of 50 969 thous. Sk in the evaluated period. Total
amount of revenues - subsidy from the State Water Management Fund for covering the costs
of public-beneficial activities included-showed an decrease of 12,1 %. The costs were
decreased by 13,1 %.
Other state enterprises (Water Engineering Construction Bratislava, Hydroconsult
Bratislava) deal mainly with projects and engineering activities. They economic result
showed a loss of 1 047 641 thous. Sk. The chief reason of the loss was the problem of nonsolved ownership relations on the WP Gabčíkovo that caused the lack of financial sources for
administration, investment and credit necessities in the Water Engineering Construction, s.e.
Revenues total made an increase of 49,8 % in comparison with the same period of the
last year. The growth was caused mainly by growth of receipts from the sale of own products
and services by 173,6 %. Operation costs of WPG amounting 297 081 thous. Sk were paid to
the Water Engineering Construction, s.e. in the period May-October from the Association
Dunaj.
Costs total showed an decrease of 40,7 % in comparison with the same period of the last
year. The chief reason of this decrease was caused by the decline of foreign debts.
Claims and debts of state water management enterprises are shown in the following
table (in thous. Sk):
Indicator
Receivables
Year
WSW
SWME
WSW+SWME
Other
WM total
2000
2 054 481
1 137 290
3 191 771
1 234 392
4 426 163
2001
2 158 503
1 120 717
3 279 220
1 566 174
4 845 394
105,1
98,5
102,7
126,9
109,5
2000
1 088 235
679 705
1 767 940
1 079 579
2 847 519
2001
1 175 898
718 999
1 894 897
17 863
1 912 760
108,1
105,8
107,2
1,7
67,2
2000
926 649
299 960
1 226 609
12 441 652
13 668 261
2001
1 103 143
287 828
1 390 971
17 192 972
18 583 943
119,1
96,0
113,4
138,2
136,0
2000
374 672
92 248
466 920
61 076
527 996
2001
288 091
85 666
373 757
8 728
382 485
76,9
92,9
80,0
14,3
72,4
Index
2001/2000
Receivables after
the term of
repayment
Liabilities
Index
2001/2000
Index
2001/2000
Liabilities after
the term of
repayment
Index
2001/2000
Source: Information letters-2001
Review on economic results in different groups of state enterprises is shown in the
following table (in thous. Sk):
51
Indicator
Revenues
Costs
Profit / loss
after taxation
Year
WSW
SWME
WSW+SWME
Other
WM total
2000
6 068 999
3 084 975
9 153 689
986 036
10 140 010
2001
6 520 205
2 712 627
9 232 832
1 476 614
10 709 446
Index
2001/2000
107,4
87,9
100,9
149,8
105,6
2000
6 189 706
3 055 326
9 203 881
4 257 872
13 502 904
2001
6 515 995
2 652 667
9 168 662
2 524 223
11 692 885
Index
2001/2000
105,3
86,8
99,6
59,3
86,6
2000
-145 777
29 649
-116 128
- 3 275 542
-3 391 670
2001
-21 986
50 969
28 983
-1 047 641
-1 018 658
Index
2001/2000
x
171,9
x
x
x
By: Information letters for 2001, MSM SR
52
Selected indicators of the economical development over 1990 and 1998-2003 in state
enterprises of the water management
Indicator
Unit
1990
1998
1999
2000
expext.
2002
2001
progn.
2003
REVENUES total
mil.Sk
3 553
9 201
9 403
10 140
10 709
11 716
11 892
- surface water supply
-"- returns
- drinking water invoiced
-"- returns
- drained water
-"- returns
Returns - other
Rent from hydropower stations
Public benefical activities (subsidies)
Others
mil.m
mil.Sk
3
mil.m
mil.Sk
3
mil.m
mil.Sk
mil. Sk
mil.Sk
mil.Sk
mil.Sk
3
1 357
551
503
875
491
644
0
349
237
897
722
935
315
2 960
302
2 253
434
269
158
2 193
676
896
286
2 990
252
1 979
335
269
138
2 796
711
1 000
275
3 126
240
2 241
384
269
150
2 970
707
977
261
3 359
231
2 373
1 050
270
150
2 530
689
944
256
3 431
226
2 386
2 630
270
150
1 906
543
983
251
3 595
221
2 467
2 650
270
150
1 777
COSTS total
- depreciation of intangible and tangible
fixed assets
mil.Sk
3 888
10 215
11 338
13 503
11 693
12 721
12 036
mil.Sk
916
2 732
2 541
2 795
2 731
2 809
2 837
Maitenance costs
mil.Sk
823
1 622
1 611
1 998
2 062
2 010
1 797
Profit / loss before taxation
mil.Sk
426
-1 014
-1 935
-3 363
-983
-1 004
-144
Taxes
mil.Sk
180
36
27
29
35
0
0
Profit / loss after taxation
mil.Sk
246
-1 050
-1 962
-3 392
-1 019
-1 004
-144
Value added
mil.Sk
-
4 869
4 690
4 842
5 614
6 288
6 514
Tangible and intangible investments
of witch:
- own resources
- subsidies from state budget
mil.Sk
2 880
7 260
3 857
4 454
4 390
4 097
3 365
mil.Sk
mil.Sk
864
1 162
2 401
653
1 908
413,8
1 670
594
2 059
983
2 119
601
1 807
700
Tangible and intang. fixed assets (TIFA)
mil.Sk
107 266
108 021
109 533
110 061
110 634
111 253
Accumulated depreciation TIFA
mil.Sk
33 532
36 084
38 656
41 046
41 822
42 615
Current assets
mil.Sk
5 842
5 987
6 069
6 600
6 984
7 399
Equity capital up to 31.12.
mil.Sk
92 027
90 499
87 044
84 568
82 225
80 006
Foreign resources
mil.Sk
23 544
27 266
31 589
33 352
35 032
37 115
Assets = Liabilities (total)
Realizable fixed assets up to 31.12.
Cost-value of fixed assets up to 31.12.
mil.Sk
mil.Sk
mil.Sk
115 777
118 071
119 578
120 339
119 057
118 921
37 986
54 298
Number of employees - aver. reg.
number
18 189
14 841
14 318
14 125
14 203
14 233
14 208
Indicators
Surface water average price
Sk/m
3
0,41
1,29
1,33
1,41
1,38
1,37
1,81
Drinking water average price
Sk/m
3
1,74
9,40
10,44
11,36
12,89
13,39
14,34
Drained water average price
Sk/m
3
Total revenues profitability
Equity capital profitability
Costs / TIFA
Labour productivity from revenues
%
%
%
t.Sk/emp.
1,31
7,46
7,85
9,33
10,27
10,57
11,17
11,99
7,16
195
-11,02
-1,14
9,52
620
-20,58
-2,17
10,50
657
-33,16
-3,90
12,33
718
-9,18
-1,20
10,62
754
-8,57
-1,22
11,50
823
-1,21
-0,18
10,82
837
Note: Investment subsides in 1990 without water and sewage works, which were in responsibility of Regional National Committees.
Year 1990 in other methodology of utilization.
5.2. IMPACT OF ECONOMICAL INSTRUMENTS
5.2.1 PRICES
DRINKING WATER AND DRAINED WATER
The returns for drinking and household water delivery, sewage and waste water
treatment represent the main financial resource of WSW s.e., that is why the prices for
53
drinking water and drained water are the main instrument of their economic prosperity. Based
on the Act No. 18/96 Dig. on prices and its official Decree No. 87/1996 Dig. the state is
controlling the prices of both drinking and drained water for households and setting their
maximum prices.
According to the Ministry of Finance of the SR Regulation R-1/2001 changing and
supplementing the Ministry of Finance of the SR Regulation R-1/1996 the maximum drinking
and household water prices have been increased to 11,50 Sk.m-3 and water drainage up to 7,50
Sk.m-3 including 10 % VAT. Prices for other customers have been included among regulated
prices by this regulation.
Maximum price increase of drinking and sewage water in the year 2001(without VAT
10,45 Sk.m-3) was lower than the real economically justified costs of the state water
management water and sewage systems enterprises on m3 of drained drinking water that were
increased by 11 % to 13,76 Sk in 2001. The average costs on m3 of drained water were also
higher than the settled maximum price for households (without VAT 6,81 Sk.m3). There was
an increase by 12 % to 9,49 Sk for 1 m3 in the year 2001.
Increase of costs per m3 is caused by a decreasing trend in drinking water supply
followed by sewage draining, because important part of administration costs is created by the
fixed costs (it is not dependant on the full capacity usage). The price for production is
important for utilization of built-up investment i.e. level of price for drinking and drained
water in water management constructions. The high price for water caused costs savings and
thus less effective utilization of built up capacities. Lower consumption influences increase of
the unit costs and thus prices as well.
Listed costs do not include such amount of resources, that would allow the enterprises
sufficiently provide for maintenance and repair of the state property in accordance with the
approved normative of maintenance and sustain of tangible fixed assets (30-40 % of
normative). This makes it year after year more difficult to keep it operational.
The costs analysis in the state water and sewage systems enterprises has shown that
there are considerable differences between the costs on production and drinking water supply
in Western and Eastern regions of Slovakia. The more eastern we go the production and
supply costs are growing. The reason is the way the water is gained. While there is a reservoir
of high quality water on Žitný ostrov - East-Western Slovakia, water intakes of surface and
sub-surface water of lower quality in the Eastern part of Slovakia require higher expenses on
its treatment and supply.
This difference in costs for drinking water production and supply on m3 represented
6,00 Sk in the year 2001, i.e. while there were average costs for drinking water 10,17 Sk.m-3
in Bratislava, the costs in the Eastern Slovakia region were 16,31 Sk m-3, i.e. the difference
6,14 Sk.m-3.
For other customers of drinking, household and drained water the average price without
VAT ranged in different WSW state enterprises in drinking water from 11,57 Sk.m-3 to 21,58
Sk.m-3 and in drained water from 14,97 Sk.m-3 to 16,30 Sk.m-3.
The fact that the prices for households cover in average only a part (70 %) of
economically justified expenses influenced the price for other customers. Because of the
decreasing share of water supply for other customers (only 34 % today) the prices of water for
them are raising or the drinking water production and delivery is becoming an unprofitable
activity. The growing number of dodgers that represent 54,5 % of the state water and sewage
54
systems enterprises over due outstanding debts (93 % out of them are health institutions)
shows the negative effect of this trend.
Drinking water
Economically justified costs (EJC)
Drinking water delivery
Average EJC
Average price (VAT. excluded)
Price for households
Average price for others (VAT excluded)
1998
1999
2000
2001
3 295
3 141
3 402
3 584
[tis.m ]
314 868
286 477
275 139
260 519
-3
[Sk.m ]
10,45
10,80
12,36
13,76
-3
9,40
10,44
11,36
12,89
-3
5,66
7,26
8,36
10,08
-3
15,98
16,26
17,20
18,38
1998
1999
2000
2001
1 944
1 887
2 042
2 193
[tis.m ]
301 808
252 075
240 280
231 154
-3
[mil. Sk]
3
[Sk.m ]
[Sk.m ]
[Sk.m ]
Drained water
Economically justified costs (EJC)
Amount of drained water
[mil. Sk]
3
Average EJC
[Sk.m ]
6,44
7,49
8,50
9,49
Average price (VAT. excluded)
[Sk.m-3]
Price for households
Average price for others (VAT excluded)
7,46
7,85
9,33
10,27
-3
3,77
3,77
5,54
6,65
-3
11,36
13,19
14,37
15,16
[Sk.m ]
[Sk.m ]
Source: Information letters MSM SR 1998-2001
Price development (with VAT) and drinking water costs
Chart No. 5.2.1.1
Price development (with VAT) and drained water costs
Chart No. 5.2.1.2
In the state water and sewage systems enterprises there does not still exist closing of the
price scissors between both groups of customers. In the process of the price updating is
necessary to remove the crossing subsidisation between water prices for households and for
other customers and between prices for drinking and drained water as a loss compensation, or
low profitability of drinking water by higher income ratio in drained water.
The transformation will influence also the prices of water management products.
Nowadays the price for household water is settled as a maximal one and the price for other
customers is objectively regulated. In the future, after the transformation of the state water
and sewage systems enterprises to the municipal share holders companies the objective price
regulation is expected in different companies on the basis of economical justified costs and
appropriate income ratio with respect to needs on reproduction of tangible assets and its
development in accordance with approved development programs. Pursuant to the Act No.
442/2002 Dig. on public water and sewage systems enterprises and pursuant to the
amendment to the Act 276/2001 Dig. on regulation in the network sectors the Office for
Regulation of the Network Sectors performs the price regulation of water management
activities connected with the management of public water or sewage systems. From the listed
55
above is clear that the prices for drinking and drained water will differ on the territory of
Slovakia.
By application of the objective water price regulation and provided that larger regional
companies will be established without division of water management systems, the prices will
differ but on the principle of solidarity. In the case of breaking up into smaller companies the
costs and the prices as well, could be more lucrative in some regions but higher in other ones.
Nowadays annual payments for water represent a scant percentage (water - 0,6 % and
sewerage - 0,3 %) out of net cash flow per 1 member of household, resp. net financial
expenses per 1 member of household (incomes are higher only by 275 Sk). In other European
countries these are approx. 2 % out of the annual income (France, Netherlands).
The surface water price is a regulated price in accordance with the Act No. 18/1996
Dig. on prices in wording of later regulations. It is a maximum price settled by the Ministry of
Finance SR Measure No. R-1/1996 by which the number of goods with regulated prices has
been determined.
Nowadays the valid maximum price of the surface water is defined by the Measure of
MF SR No. R-7/1999 (since 1/7/1999) - 2,00 Sk.m-3 including 10 % VAT (1,81 Sk.m-3
without VAT). Maximum price does not consider the calculation of the surface water nor the
calculation of economical justified costs relative to water courses administration. Since 1993
the maximum surface water price has been changed only as a result of raising VAT from 6 %
to 10 % (since 1st July 1999).
Development of surface water prices over the years 1996-1999 in Sk.m-3 (without VAT)
Enterprise
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
Slovak Water Management Enterprise s.e.,
Banská Štiavnica
1,18
1,29
1,33
1,41
1,38
Source: Information Letters of MSM SR 1997-2001
The overview of development of surface water prices from receipts shows the average
payment per 1m3 calculated as a difference between receipts for the surface water delivery
and the quantity of the delivered surface water. Such an average price does not reach the
maximum because there is no possibility of invoicing the customers from the sector of
energetic of the surface water maximum price. The reason is that legal subjects regulate the
price of the electrical energy as well and its increase would have considerably negative effect
of the monopoly producer of the electrical energy. It is necessary to apply the same principle
at the price regulation in all network sectors.
The costs for tangible assets repair and maintenance represent a decisive share of
SWME expenses. There is a need of approval of R&M measure to determine the financial
amount for repair and maintenance of tangible assets. The measure represents an important
price creating instrument for water management products. Unfavourable development of
existing revenues structure shows an evident total stagnation of financial sources necessary
for R&M.
Development of costs and average price of surface water
Chart No. 5.2.1.3
When accepting the EU procedures, we can see the replacement of the maximum price
regulation by the factual surface water price.
56
In connection with the change - over to the factual regulated prices and in accordance
with the Act No. 276/2001 Dig. on network sectors regulation as amended, a binding
procedure of factual regulated pricing for surface water has been proposed in accordance with
the Act No. 87/1997 Dig where the basis for the economically justified costs create the basis
of pricing with the reasonable profit ratio included (with regard to the development needs).
The factual price regulation will be executed in accordance with the § 5 of the Act No.
276/2001 Dig. by the Office for the Network Sectors Regulation.
The factual regulated price ought to take into regard the costs for water courses
administration. The cost connected with the provision of public beneficial activities as a part
of cost will be included in the economically justified expenditures.
With the meaning of the 12th part „Charge for water utilization“ § 74 of the approved
Act No. 184/2002 Dig. on waters of 19 February 2002, valid since 1st June 2002 following
payments for water utilization will be applied:
• payments for surface water intakes,
• payments for the utilization of hydro-energetic power of water courses on water
constructions owned or managed by the administrator of the water course at the installed
output more than 100 kW,
• payments for the intakes of the energetic water from water courses on water construction
in ownership of the user of the hydro-energetic power of water course at the installed
output more than 100 kW,
• payments for keeping water routes navigable and tracing of shipping lines,
• payments for utilization of water reservoirs for the purposes of fish, water poultry and
other animals breeding,
• payments for utilization of water areas on the commercial shipping,
• payments for other water management services.
5.2.2 TAXES
WM state enterprises are in accordance with valid legal regulations the tax payers of
mainly: VAT, legal entities incomes, incomes of fixed assets and road tax.
The VAT in the whole water management has changed in 2001 in comparison with
2000 from the negative value – 15 886 thous. Sk to the value of 79 551 thous. Sk. This change
was caused by the fact that in 2001 the members of the Alliance Dunaj had accepted the
justified claims WEC, s.e. on repayments at least of a part of the operational costs spent by
WEC, s.e. on administration of the WP Gabčíkovo, mainly on the electrical energy
production.
The range of tax application by single taxes is presented in the table bellow:
[thous.Sk]
taxes
VAT
Estate duty
out of this: feud duty
construction duty
Index
2001/2000
1998
1999
2000
2001
-195 921
-120 105
-15 051
79 551
x
13 174
12 886
14 144
13 733
97,1
2 506
2 317
2 642
2 364
89,5
10 668
10 567
11 502
11 369
98,8
Road tax
18 809
19 083
25 627
26 052
101,7
Legal entity income tax
36 388
27 485
28 776
35 219
122,4
57
Source: Information Letters of MSM SR 1998-2001
5.2.3 CREDITS
Financing of the credit service of water management was kept uncovered in the year
2001. In accordance with the Slovak Government Decree No. 619/2001 the principal of the
return financial subsidies of the Ministry of Finance of SR in the amount of 457 184,99 thous.
Sk has been paid as to 31st December 2001.Water engineering construction, s.e. Bratislava
asked the Ministry of Finance of SR as a bearer of the state guarantee for the realization of the
state guarantee for the interest and the principal due during the year 2001 in the amount of
4 945 132 thous. Sk.
All liabilities ensuing form the external indebtedness in 2001 were paid from the
revenues of the privatisation of the FNP SR, while these together with allocated amounts from
the FNP SR in 2000 had to be irrevocable.
Total liabilities of WEC, s.e. the external or internal, calculated by exchange rates of the
National Bank of Slovakia as per 3st December 2001 featured 28 148 639,18 thous. Sk. There
are no other credits, only those with the state guarantee in the WEC as per 31st December
2001. All principals of the external credits are due one-time.
The Slovak Government has engaged the Minister of the finance to repay the principals
and interests from credits due in the year 2002, allocated according to the Credit Agreement
in the amount of 30 mil. EUR of 29 July 1999 and the Supplementary Credit Agreement in
the amount of 10 mil. EUR, of 8 September 1999 - total 1 710 400 thous. Sk. These payments
should be covered from the Memorandum item of the FNP SR and should be non-return.
Credits
Index
1998
1999
2000
2001
Bank credits or other support
18 967 077
21 411 302
15 790 659
12 908 484
81,8
out of this: bank credits long-term
18 128 945
21 167 170
15 596 200
12 625 366
80,9
838 132
244 132
94 459
283 118
29,9
running bank credits
2001/2000
Source: Information Letters of MSM SR 1998-2001
5.2.4 EMPLOYMENT
Average evidence number of WM state enterprises employees has been 14 203 by the
31st December 2001. This represents an increase of 78 employees in comparison with the last
year. This employee increase is related to the implementation of the organization changes in
the SWME, se. Banská Štiavnica.
The average monthly salary in the year 2001 reached the amount of 13 129 Sk, which is
an increase by 8,6 % when compared with the last year (1 040 Sk). Relation between the
salary growth and growth of labour productivity has not been kept in the WM state
enterprises. The salary growth was 3,6 percentage point higher than the labour productivity
growth.
Review of the number of employees and salary indicators in the state enterprises of the
management is shown in the following table:
Indicator
2000
58
2001
Difference
Index
2001/2000
Employees of WM total
14 125
14 203
78
100,55
out of this: full time employees
4 409
4 500
91
102,06
Average salary in WM total (Sk)
12 089
13 129
1 040
108,60
Average salary in WSW total (Sk)
11 441
12 129
1 118
109,77
718
754
36
105,01
Labour productivity from revenues in WM
(in thous. Sk/employee)
Data stated in the table involve state WM enterprises only
Source: Information letters for 2001, MSM SR
5.2.5 MULTI-SOURCE FINANCING
The state is participating in the water management development by means of subsidiary
policy. This policy is focused mainly on financing of development investments in the field of
drinking water supply, drainage and sewage water treatment, flood protection and publicbeneficial functions. Finances have been allocated from the state budget via the budgetary
chapter of the Ministry of the Soil Management of the SR and from different state funds
existing in the sector until 31st December 2001.
The State Water Management Fund of the Slovak Republic resources have been created
mainly by re-payments for subsurface water intakes in the amount of 411,8 mil. Sk and
transfer from the state budget amounting 150,0 mil. Sk. In the year 2001 finance of 565,9 mil.
Sk have been provided from the Fund, out of this 373,1 mil. Sk for development
constructions, 40,0 mil. Sk for tasks of science and technique development and basic
operation of the NRL, 150,0 mil. SK for a non-investment subsidy for the SWME, s.e. Banská
Štiavnica, 2,4 mil. Sk for the Fund administration, 0,4 mil. Sk for other activities.
Providing for subsidies to development WM and SS investments in municipalities has
been one of the settled priorities for the year 2001. The Fund has allocated the finance in the
form of subsidies to 304 subjects, out of this 2/3 were allocated for the construction of water
supply systems. The state enterprises of WM and SS have been allocated 28,3 mil. SK for the
development of investments.
The State Fund for Protection and Elaboration of the Agriculture Soil Management
Fund in the Slovak Republic (SF PEASMF SR) has provided the SWME, s.e. with 120,0 mil.
Sk for repair and maintenance (SWME, s.e. had claimed 316,826 mil. Sk and was promised to
get 170,0 mil. SK) and 12,3 mil. Sk have been allocated for new construction, completion and
reconstruction of the chief meliorative establishments.
By the year 2001 the State Fund of Environment of the Slovak Republic incomes in the
sector of water protection and effective water treatment have been created 200,7 mil. Sk, out
of this penalties 8,9 mil. Sk, re-payments for waste water inlet 190,8 mil. Sk, re-payments for
subsurface waters intakes 1,0 mil. Sk and subsidies 758,4 mil. Sk. Investments into water
supply network constructions amounted 156,7 mil. Sk, out of this for municipalities 148,0
mil. Sk, for WWTP and sewage systems 601,7 mil. Sk, out of this for municipalities 629,6
mil. Sk. In the year 2001state water and sewage systems enterprises were allocated 7,5 mil.
Sk, out of this 5,0 mil. Sk for the construction of a water supply system and 2,5 mil. Sk for a
reconstruction of sewage systems.
[mil. Sk]
Tabl. No. 5.2.5.1
SWME
59
WSWE
Other
organizations
WM total
State budget
State WM Fund SR
State Fund of Protection
and Elaboration of
Agriculture Soil Fund SR
State Fund of the
Environment SR
investment
214,2
650,4
118,0
982,6
non-investment
134,3*
-
-
134,3
-
28,3
-
28,3
150,0**
-
0
150,0
12,3
-
-
12,3
120,0
-
-
120,0
investment
non-investment
investment
non-investment
investment
-
7,5
-
7,5
non-investment
-
-
-
-
630,8
678,7
118,0
Total
1435,0
*)
loan from EBD for the project“ Floods...“
from the state budget for partial job in the SWME, s.e
Source: Financial clearance with SB for 1998-2001, MSM SR
**)
6.
LEGISLATION ACTIVITY
Act No. 184/2002 Dig. on waters and on changes and supplements of some other lawy
(Water Act)
The Act represents a complex legal norm on waters, creating conditions for extensive
protection of surface and subsurface waters, water ecosystems included and for their better
quality and economical utilization.
The Act regulates the rights and obligations of physical and legal entities to surface and
subsurface waters and immovable related to them, rights and obligations of state water
administration and responsibility for violation of duties in accord with this Act.
In connection with the association process in progress, the aquis communautaire valid
in countries-EU members has been taken into respect, by implementation of directives from
the field of waters.
The Act has come into force since 1st June 2002.
Act No. 442/2002 Dig. on public water and sewage network systems
The Act comes out from the legislation valid up to now, preserves necessary legal
continuity and creates new legal understanding of the public water and sewage network
systems administration in the public interest. The Act highlights the environmental
conception of water sources and nature utilization and protection.
By its approval the Act No. 276/2001 Dig. on regulation in the network sectors and on
changes and supplements other laws has been amended . In accordance with this Act the
water management activities related to public water or sewage systems will be included to
regulated ones.
The Act has been approved on 19th June 2002 and will come into force since 1st
November 2002.
The Draft Act on the Slovak Water Management Chamber
60
A legislative basis for the establishment of an autonomous professional institution has
being amended since 1999 when a proposal of the paragraph wording of the act had been
elaborated.
Having discussed it in the Parliamentary Legislative Institute the Act had been
supplemented by formal and factual comments. In January 2002 the proposal has been
submitted to members of the Parliament and as an initiative proposal it will be submitted by a
group of deputies.
Nevertheless more favourable situation for submitting the Act in the NC SR is supposed
to be after the approval of the Act No. 184/2002 Dig. on waters and changes and supplements
to some laws.
In the near future, further to the approved Act No. 184/2002 Dig., it will be inevitable to
work out drafts of other laws (Act on Flood Protection) and generally binding regulations
regulating some provisions to this Act (decree on payments and fees for water utilization,
decree on technical and security inspection execution and categorization of water
constructions, decree regulating the list of important water courses from the WM point of
view, decree specifying the details on duties and responsibility of water courses
administrators, decree specifying the details on technical arrangements, property losses and
payments of costs related to the protection of water sources, decree regulating the rules of
utilization of water courses hydro-energetic potential etc.
61
C. BASIS FOR THE BUDGET 2003
The proposal of the budget in the field of water management with concern to water
and sewerage systems, water management research and the conception of water management
development in the year 2003 issues from the tasks of the Ministry of the Soil Management
SR for the year 2003.These are tasks of concern:
− tasks resulting from the Conception of water management policy SR by 2005
− tasks resulting from the temporary closed chapter Environment and the Slovak
Government Decree No. 1138 to an integrated approximation strategy in the category
environment,
− tasks resulting from the process of implementation of EU directives in the field of water
management with a special regard to the implementation of the Framework Directive on
water No. 2000/60/ES
− tasks connected with developing of generally binding legal regulations issuing form the
Act on Waters No. 184/2002 Dig. approved in 2002 and their application.
− tasks connected with working out and application of generally binding legal regulations
from the expected approval of the Act on public water and sewerage systems,
− tasks resulting from the conception of water management research development,
− tasks resulting from regulations of the Slovak Government or NC SR.
Within a temporary closed chapter Environment the Slovak Republic has engaged, in
the Common position of the European Union (Brussels 5/12/2001), to consider ecological
problem by means of legislation, temporary measures, water quality included. In the field of
water management, the SR has engaged to work on removal of the ecological dept arisen from
pollution of waste waters by approx. 45% of inhabitants. At the same time, the SR has
engaged to improve drinking water supplies from non-polluted water sources. These tasks are
being treated also by a sector development program of public work in the field of water
management falling to the competence of the MSM SR.
The sector program for the year 2003 covers only selected important new constructions
with a budgetary costs over 40,0 mil. Sk, that ought to create conditions claimed by EU and to
take them into account - prediction of the state budget for the year 2003 and construction
from the sector development program of public work in the years 2003-2005. Total amount
from the state budget on the said newly started constructions represents:
a) in the field of drinking water supplies- water system networks,
25 constructions
599,4 mil. Sk
b) in the field of sewerage systems and waste water treatment
- sewerage systems and WWTP, 51 constructions
613,3 mil. Sk
Total
1 212,7 mil. Sk
Implementation of the Directive No. 91/27/EEC with concern to drainage and
liquidation of waste waters from producers over 2000 EO is rather complicated. This problem
is partially solved by decision to reconstruct important establishments and build up new
sewage systems and WWTP.
In the field of drinking water supply several constructions have been proposed, meeting
the claim of EU, to supply preferentially ecologically endangered areas and those with a lack
of drinking water by feeders from other locations.
62
To finish chosen development water and sewage establishments under construction,
WWTP included, partially financed from the state budget, 701,670 mil. Sk will be necessary
in the year 2003.
Total amount of financial sources necessary for water and sewerage constructions
from the state budget in the year 2003 represents 1 914,37 mil. Sk.
For the purposes of research programs provided by water management department the
amount of 22 400 thous. Sk is expected to be necessary carry out studies of technical economical and strategic-prognostic character targeting to unified strategy of water
management strategy, as well as studies connected with the Framework Directive on Water
implementation.
In the field of standardization the tasks are expected on the level of the year 2000 that
represents an amount of 500 thous. Sk.
On research and non-research activities the Water Research Institute in Bratislava is
expecting costs by 10 % higher in comparison with the year 2002, i.e. 112 000 thous. Sk total.
On research and non-research activities in the field of hydro-melioration provided by
the Slovak Water Management Enterprise, s.e. Banská Bystrica, BE Hydro melioration,
25 000 thous. Sk have been claimed.
Besides, capital expenditures in the amount of 10 000 thous. Sk for the Water
Management Research Institute in Bratislava to reconstruct equipment of NRL, in the field of
water in accordance with the Slovak Government Decree No. 638/1996 and 761/2000 to the
activity of NRL for the field of water, will be necessary
The said proposal is valid even in the case that the municipality share holders
companies will be established by the transformation of the WSW state enterprises in the year
2002.
Total amount of financial sources necessary for the sector of water courses in the year
2003 is estimated on 587,0 mil. Sk. Out of this:
• establishments under construction
• newly started constructions
• unfinished development projects
248,0 mil. Sk
322,2 mil. Sk
17,0 mil. Sk
Besides said claims on the state budget 2003, it is inevitable to consider also other
needs connected with performance of tasks committed to the sector of WM by respective
governmental decrees, resp. other documents of importance. These claims are estimated on
2 356,87 mil. Sk.
Loan liabilities of the Water Engineering Construction, s.e. represent a special problem
that could essentially influence the state budget. WEC, s.e was granted a state guarantee in the
years 1995-1998 on foreign bank credits, for financing water projects Gabčíkovo and Žilina
in the amount 500 mil. USD and 40 mil. EUR in 1999. Together with the company
indebtedness towards foreign financial institutions for granted and non-paid principals and
interests (19,6 mld. Sk) the total company indebtedness represents a sum of 31,2 mild. Sk.
The principal of 1 441 mil. Sk is due in 2003.
63
D. CONCEPTIONAL INTENTIONS IN THE FIELD
O F WAT E R M A N A G E M E N T P O L I C Y I N T H E
YEAR 2003
New Conception of Water Management Policy in SR by 2005, approved by the Slovak
Government Decree No.404 of 9th May 2001 and consequently by the National Council of SR
Decree No. 1477 of 13th June 2001, has included proposals of objectives and principles of the
water management development for the near future. Necessity for their treatment has been
involved in several binding documents like decrees of the NC SR, Report on Water
Management in SR 2001.
The implementation of the water management policy is possible only by getting value
of several tools - legislative, organizational and economical.
In the field of legislation it is inevitable to work out and approve laws ensuring water
management activities in the conditions of market economy and laws that will consider the
EU Directive on Water.
¾ From the approved Act No. 184/2002 Dig. on waters and changes of some acts (Water
Act) results that pursuant to § 78:
• paragraph. 1 letter c) it is necessary to elaborate a decision that will fix payments, fees
and other details related to payments for water utilization, water management services
and outputs (i.e. Decree on payments and fees for water utilization)
• paragraph. 3, MSM SR will settle by a generally binding legal regulation:
a) details of technical and security supervising and categorization of water projects (§ 52
par. 8),
b) Program of agricultural activities in endangered areas by 31st December 2003,
c) list of important water courses and water works courses,
d) details on obligations and responsibilities of watercourses administrators and some
other issues with regard to watercourses,
e) details on technical revisions, property loss and payments of the costs connected with
the protection of water sources,
f) regulations of using the hydro-energetic potential of water courses.
¾ To elaborate and approve the Act on melioration is of importance as well.
In the organizational field:
¾ to make some organizational changes related to the problem of indebtedness of the Water
Engineering Construction, s.e Bratislava that will enable to contract bilateral treaties WEC,
s.e. - Slovak Power Plants, joint stock comp. and WEC, s.e - Slovak Water Management
Enterprise, s.e. and consequent payment of credits.
¾ to separate the organizational unit technical-security inspection from the Water
Engineering Construction, s.e and affiliate it to the Water Research Institute, Bratislava.
This will meet the claim of independence of the inspection activities by separating them
from the operational ones.
64
¾ to finish the privatisation of the project-consultancy organization Hydroconsult Bratislava.
In the field of economy the water management policy is based on direct (prices) and
indirect (subsidies) payments of costs for goods, products, services and products of water
management production process, too. In accord with the EU Directive on Water, it is
necessary to accept the principle of direct payments for water management products, that
must be in compliance with the Act No. 18/1996 Dig. on prices in the wording of later
regulations and its Executive Regulation No. 87/1996 Dig (and the Act No. 276/2001 Dig. on
regulation in the network branches and changes and supplements to some laws), that is
conditioned by:
¾ implementation of factual price regulation of drinking and household water and the price
of drained and treated water via the Office of the Network Branches Regulation,
¾ implementation of factual price regulation of surface water via the Office of the Network
Branches Regulation.
In accordance with the § 7 par. 3 Act No. 184/2002 Dig. on waters and changes and
supplements of some laws it is expected:
¾ fixing payments for utilization of hydro-energetic potential of water courses on water
constructions owned or administrated by the manager of a water course, at the installed
output more than 100 kW,
¾ fixing payments for intakes of energetic water from water courses on water projects owned
by user of hydro-energetic potential of a water course at the installed output more than
100 kW,
¾ fixing payments for keeping water routes navigable and determining shipping routes,
¾ fixing payments for utilization of water reservoirs on fish, poultry or other animals
breeding,
¾ fixing payments for utilization of water surface for a commercial shipment,
¾ fixing payments for other water management services.
65
List of abbreviations
WM
GDP
MSM SR
NC SR
ME SR
MI SR
MH SR
MTPT SR
SCE
SWME
WSW
WSWSW
NSWSW
CSWSW
ESWSW
BE
MO
WRI
WEC
HYCO
SHMI
IEFWMW
RIMLI
STU
EU
SWMC
EN
STN
WR
WP
WWTP
SWP G-N
NPP
SB
SWMF
SFPEASF SR
SFU
MME
water management
gross domestic product
Ministry of the Soil Management of the Slovak Republic
National Council of the Slovak Republic
Ministry of Environment of the Slovak Republic
Ministry of Interior of the Slovak Republic
Ministry of Health of the Slovak Republic
Ministry of Transport, Post and Telecommunication the Slovak Republic
Slovak Commission for Environment
Slovak Water Management Enterprise, s.e., Banská Štiavnica
Water and Sewage Works
Western Slovakia WSW, s.e., Bratislava
Northern Slovakia WSW, s.e., Žilina
Central Slovakia WSW, s.e., Banská Bystrica
Eastern Slovakia WSW, s.e., Košice
Branch Enterprise
Municipality Offices
Water Research Institute, Bratislava
Water Engineering Constructions, s.e., Bratislava
Hydroconsult, s.e., Bratislava
Slovak Hydro-meteorological Institute
Institute for Education of Forest and Water Management Workers
Research Institute of Melioration and Landscape Engineering
Slovak Technical University
European Union
Slovak Water Management Chamber
European Norms
Slovak Technical Norms
water reservoir
water project
Waste Water Treatment Plant
System of Water Projects Gabčíkovo-Nagymaros
Nuclear Power Plant
state budget
State Water Management Fund of SR
State Fund of Protection and Elaboration of Agricultural Soil Fund of SR
Slovak Fishery Union
Main Meliorate Establishments
65
VAT
EJC
IC
SWMB
WS
NRL
GIS
Value Added Tax
economically justified costs
investment costs
state water management balance
water source
National Reference Laboratory
Graphical Information System
66
Review of subsidies from state budget over the years 1998 -2001
1500
77,7
mil.Sk
1000
150
236,9
182,9
61,5
158
193,4
500
290
56
982,6
138
653,3
199
150
600,9
594,2
413,8
0
1998
1999
Investment subsidies
Other subsidies
Capital transfer
© WRI Bratislava
2000
2001
specification 2002
Non-investment subsidies
Current transfer
Development of number and volume of large
water reservoirs in SR
100
2250
2000
90
Total manageable volume (mil.m3)
80
Number of reservoirs
1750
70
1500
60
1250
50
1000
40
750
30
500
20
250
10
0
0
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
© WRI Bratislava
Reality
Assumption
Number of reservoirs
Total manageable volume (mil.m3)
2500
Oxygen regime indicators - STN 75 7221
Proportion of total assessed lenght
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
1990
© WRI Bratislava
1995
class I
class II
1998
class III
1999
class IV
2000
class V
Development of utilizable amounts of ground water in Slovakia
according to individual categories
Categories SGWSSC
Non approved categories SGWSSC
45000
40000
1990
1997
.1
Amount (l.s )
35000
1998
1999
2000
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
A
© WRI Bratislava
B
C1
C2
Sum
I
II
III
Account
Sum
Number of population supplied with drinking water from public water
supply network out of total population
86
83,6
84
81,8
82
82,9
79,4
80
%
82,6
78
76
75,2
74
72
70
1990
© WRI Bratislava
1995
1998
1999
2000
2001
Water definied for realization in WSW administration
1990
612,5
1995
467,3
1998
433,8
1999
402,8
2000
392,1
2001
367,7
assumed 2002
362,0
assumed 2003
300
© WRI Bratislava
355,8
350
400
450
500
3
mil.m
550
600
650
Specific water consumption in WSW administration
500
433,2
400
l/inh./day
312,7
300
200
283,9
274,9
266,6
250,1
245,5
240,7
195,5
142,5
131,4
126,9
123,5
117,1
115,2
112,6
100
0
1990
1995
1998
1999
specific water consumption for households
© WRI Bratislava
2000
2001
assumed assumed
2002
2003
average specific water consumption
Development of total quantity of drinking water and development of supplies to
population from public water supply system
600
4 550
development ofsupplied population
water produced
4 500
4 450
3
mil.m per year
400
4 400
4 350
300
4 300
200
4 250
4 200
100
4 150
0
1995
© WRI Bratislava
4 100
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
number of supplied population in thous.
500
Development of the prices of water and intakes for households
price of water (water+sewage)
out of this water
specific water consumption
20
18
145
140
16
135
14
130
-1
Sk.m
-3
125
l.inhab. .day
-1
12
10
120
8
115
6
110
4
2
105
0
100
1995
© WRI Bratislava
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
Development of the average price of water and intakes for other customers
price of water (water+sewage)
out of this water
specific water consumption
40
35
100
95
90
30
20
75
70
15
65
10
60
5
55
0
50
1995
© WRI Bratislava
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
-1
Sk.m
-3
80
l.inhab .day
25
-1
85
Waste water discharge and sewage development in WSW
administration
700
600
mil.m3
500
400
300
1) total wastewaters
200
2) charged wastewaters
3) treated wastewaters
100
0
1990
© WRI Bratislava
1995
1998
1999
2000
2001
assumed
2002
assumed
2003
Comparison of amount of population supplied from public water and amount of population
connected to public sewerage systems in %
90
79,4
80
82,9
83,6
4,3
4,5
4,8
3,8
3,8
3,9
81,8
82,6
4,1
75,2
3,1
2,2
%
70
54,0
52,5
60
50,7
73
77,7
76,3
54,3
74,6
74,5
2,6
2,5
2,4
55,2
54,7
74,9
2,9
1,4
1,3
50
3,1
40
© WRI Bratislava
1990
51,6
51,1
49,42975098
1995
1998
48,7
1999
% population supplied from public water mains managed by municipalities
% population supplied from public water mains managed by other entities
% population supplied from public water mains managed by WSW
% population connected to public sewerage system managed by municipalities
% population connected to public sewerage system managed by other entities
% population connected to public sewerage system managed by WSW
2000
3,1
3,2
49
49,2
2001
Difference between the quantity of water delivered to households and drained by
sewage systems
households supplied by public water supply
households drained by public sewage system (sewage waters)
water drained by WWTP (drained sewage waters)
250
150
mil. m r
-3. -1
200
100
50
0
1995
© WRI Bratislava
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
Municipalities over 2000 inhabitants and their presentday facilities of public water and sewage
systems and WWTP
400
water supply needed
11%
350
sewage
system
needed
number of municipalities
300
39%
sewage and
WWTP
needed
47%
250
200
150
100
municipalities
connected to
water supply
89%
municipalities
with sewage
system
50
0
© WRI Bratislava
municipality facilities
61%
municipalities
with sewage
and WWTP
53%
Surface water delivery
1600
1400
80
Public water supply
Industry and others
Agriculture
(Out of this: irrigation)
1200
mil.m3
1000
800
998
65
60,6
63,1
66,3
62,8
565
584,6
12,6
79,7
59,7
600
400
282,3
200
279,5
0
1990
© WRI Bratislava
657
616,5
600
59,1
48,4
55,4
45
9,7
77,5
1995
1998
1999
2000
57,4
2001
Partition of water courses administration
2%
1%
7%
24%
66%
Water management
Forest management
Military forests
Indefinite administrations
Other administrations
© WRI Bratislava
Proportion of resources on electric energy production in Slovak Power
Plants, p.l.c.
thermal power plants
17,63%
hydro power plants
17,71%
© WRI Bratislava
nuclear power plants
64,66%
Flood damages and total cost on rescue and
security works (mil. Sk)
5000
4584
4000
3000
2049,8
2000
1298,6
1000
0
1999
© WRI Bratislava
2000
2001
Proportion of financial resources on WM investments amounting
3 267,7 mil. Sk (situation in 2001)
Own resources
54,1%
State budget
30,1%
Other
Credits
6,9% SFE SR 7,4%
0,2%
© WRI Bratislava
SWMF SR
SFALPI SR0,9%
0,4%
Price development (with VAT)and drinking water costs
3
Sk/m
incl. VAT
22,00
20,00
18,00
16,00
14,00
12,00
10,00
8,00
6,00
4,00
2,00
0,00
1997
© WRI Bratislava
1998
households
36161
36342
other customers
36557
36923
average costs
Prices development (with VAT) and drained water costs
Sk/m3
incl. VAT
18,00
16,00
14,00
12,00
10,00
8,00
6,00
4,00
2,00
0,00
1997
© WRI Bratislava
1998
househols
1.1.1999
1.7.1999
other customers
1.2.2000
1.2.2001
average costs
Sk/m3
(excl. VAT)
Development of costs and average price of surface water
1,60
1,40
1,20
1,00
0,80
0,60
0,40
0,20
0,00
1997
© WRI Bratislava
1998
1999
average costs
2000
average price
2001