Section VIII - Architectural Styles

Section VIII - Architectural Styles
TABLE OF CONTENTS
8.1 Introduction - Primary Architectural Styles
8.2 Spanish Style
Characteristics, History & Context
8.3 Spanish Style
Details
8.4 Mediterranean Revival Style
Characteristics, History & Context
8.5 Mediterranean Revival Style
Details
8.6 Victorian Style
Characteristics, History & Context
8.7 Victorian Style
Details
8.8 Classical Style
Characteristics, History & Context
8.9 Classical Style
Details
8.10 Spice Architectural Styles (secondary)
8.11 Sustainable Architectural Aesthetics
© 2008 Verano Land Group, LP and Gateway Planning Group, Inc.
Victorian Stryle
Spanish Style
Mediterranean Revival Style
Classical Style
PRIMARY ARCHITECTURAL STYLES
The Architectural Style section of the Design Book provides guidelines that reflect the diversity of buildings found in traditional
South Texas neighborhoods. The goal is to create the memorable character, identity, and appeal that these neighborhoods display,
not to provide exact replicas of historic buildings. The four primary styles found in San Antonio neighborhoods and recommended
for the Verano project are Classical, Victorian, Spanish, and Mediterranean Revival, and they should be used with the greatest
frequency throughout the neighborhoods. In addition to the primary architectural styles, the presence of other architectural styles
is also evident in the South Texas and San Antonio area. We will call those secondary or spice architectural styles. They include
Tudor, Craftsmen Bungalow, Colonial Revival, and Texas Hill Country Vernacular. These styles should be used more sparingly to
create streetscape diversity and architectural interest.
Many elements contribute to defining a particular style. In some cases the use of just a handful of appropriate elements can be
successful in defining a style and creating an authentic composition. Creative application of the design principles is strongly encouraged. Not all possible arrangements and details are presented here. Unlike the more prescriptive standards in other sections,
these guidelines are intended to be more advisory. They allow for flexibility while promoting design quality and consistency. Their
intent is to help architects and builders develop appropriate and compatible style treatments across the entire project.
The key in designing and building within the styles permitted on this project, as in all traditional architecture, is to work within
general massing rules, maintain proper proportions and formal consistency among building components, utilize appropriate selection and placement of details, and select building materials historically appropriate for the style.
Although more than one building style is acceptable, all components of the building design presented must be coherent within the
selected style. Indiscriminate borrowing and exchange of element between different styles creates confusion, muddles the clarity
of architectural expression, and will not be acceptable.
However, if a coherent building design is proposed in an architectural style not listed in the pattern book, but responds well to
the climatic, historic, and cultural context in this area, the project may be considered by the Town Architect and the DRC, who
have the sole discretion regarding the design approval. Also, if building forms and features result from a thoughtful application of
sustainable design principles, and if they exhibit with consistency an appropriate regional response in terms of the overall building
form, materials, and details, such a design will also be considered by the Town Architect and the DRC.
Classical and especially high Victorian architectural styles require a degree of design and craftsmanship not commonly available
today. Therefore, in order to prevent oversimplification of the style’s basic principles, erroneous detailing, and misuse of materials,
projects electing to use these styles will undergo a more thorough scrutiny before they are approved. In case of such a project,
contact and coordination with the Town Architect at the very start of the design process is strongly encouraged.
PRIMARY ARCHITECTURAL STYLE
Introduction
8.1
© 2008 Verano Land Group, LP and Gateway Planning Group, Inc.
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Spanish Style House
Examples of Spanish Style Inspired Designs
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STYLE
HISTORY AND CONTEXT
formally, this style is characterized not by stylistic accuracy but rather by a somewhat free adaptation of
major features drawn from historic models. In domestic architecture, these details are largely applied to
a traditional “boxed” form. In both symmetrical and asymmetrical designs, the front façade is typically
adorned with a type of decorative parapet wall at the roof line, mimicking those of the historic missions.
The contour of the parapet is often adorned with red tiles. The porch is characteristically formed with
long low arches mimicking the cloister arches of mission prototypes.
Spanish architecture makes its first appearance in the American southwest with the arrival of Spanish and Mexican missionaries in the late seventeenth century who set up small religious communities around tiny Baroque churches known as missions. This period in American architecture is
known as Spanish Colonial Style in which houses were built low to the ground within a one-story building for easy access without steps. outdoor
living was meshed with indoor living. The long porch connected all the rooms and served as an outdoor living room. The enclosed patio shut out
cattle, sheep and deer as well as provided relief from sun and wind.
Characteristics of the Mission Style in particular also include broad, overhanging eaves open to the rafters from below, serving to guard against the intensive heat of the sun by wrapping the exterior walls
in a deep envelope of shade, helping to cool off the building. Roofs are typically covered with red terracotta tiles providing chromatic and textural richness.
In more modest examples, wall surfaces are smooth and finished in stucco or plaster, usually painted.
exteriors are generally somewhat stern, while surface detailing only rarely interrupts the smooth planar
walls. Wrought iron balconies, vent holes in the wall, entries through arched garden gates, curvilinear
gables borrowed from the Mission Style, thick white walls, enriched doorways recalling Spanish Baroque,
are also characteristics of the style.
Its second appearance was the Mission Style, also known as the Mission Revival Style, which took place in the late nineteenth century and became
very popular in California especially after the Columbian exposition in Chicago in 1893. The basic simplicity of the Mission Style accommodated
many different building methods and materials such as concrete, adobe and stuccoed wood frame walls.
Its third appearance was Spanish Colonial Revival, which occurred in the first two decades of the twentieth century and was a mixture of different
styles derived from the Mediterranean world, unified by the use of arches, courtyards, plain white wall surfaces, and red tile roofs. The inception
of Spanish revival styles occurred largely in California, but quickly spread to other areas with a Spanish colonial heritage, including Arizona,
New Mexico, Texas and florida. Its popularity peaked around 1925 and many single- family homes as well as public buildings were designed and
constructed in this style.
PRIMARY ARCHITECTURAL STYLE
Spanish
8.2
© 2008 Verano Land Group, LP and Gateway Planning Group, Inc.
Examples of Colonial, Mission and Colonial Revival Style Architecture
MASSING
ROOF DETAILS
DOORS & WINDOWS
PORCH / ENTRY
DETAILS
MATERIALS
• Spanish style-inspired designs are
generally asymmetrical and less formal. Asymmetrical compositions are
usually well balanced.
• Broad, overhanging eaves of the
Mission Style are open to the rafters
from below, serving to guard against
the intensive heat of the sun by
wrapping the exterior walls in a deep
envelope of shade.
• Windows are deeply recessed to give
the appearance of thick walls.
• A front porch is not characteristic,
but side and rear porches are. Spanish Colonial houses are usually organized around a courtyard with continuous porch.
• Detailing and ornaments appear primarily at openings.
• Spanish Colonial Revival inspired designs commonly have very shallow
overhangs (9” or less).
• Round top arched windows and doors
on lower floors are common.
• In both symmetrical and asymmetrical designs, the front façade is typically adorned with a type of decorative parapet wall at the roof line,
mimicking those of historic missions.
The contour of the parapet is often
adorned with red tiles.
• They may have round, octagonal,
or square towers with low pitched
roofs.
•
A main level floor to ceiling height
of 9 feet is typical.
• Curvilinear gable walls were borrowed
from the Mission style and used during the Colonial Revival period.
• Roofs are typically covered with red
terracotta tiles providing chromatic
and textural richness.
• Casement windows, often with divided lites, but double-hung windows
are also possible.
• for Spanish Revival style doors are
panel, plank, or divided lite.
• front doorways commonly have embellished surrounds supported by
columns on each side. The front door
can also be recessed under arcades
with columns.
• Sometimes, access to houses is provided through an arched garden
gate.
• The porch was characteristically
formed with long low arches mimicking the cloister arches of mission
prototypes.
• Windows, especially large or accent
windows, have iron grilles installed
in front of them for protection.
• Small exterior balconies with french
doors and wrought-iron railing are
not uncommon in this style.
• for Mission Style inspired designs,
repetitive brackets, which are sometime ornamented, are installed under primary roof eaves.
• In some Spanish Colonial Revival
homes careful consideration is given
to the roof-wall transition through
elaborate cornice detailing.
• Roofs are typically covered with red
terracotta tiles providing chromatic
and textural richness.
• Windows, especially large or accent
windows, have iron grilles installed
in front of them for protection.
PRIMARY ARCHITECTURAL STYLE
Spanish
8.3
© 2008 Verano Land Group, LP and Gateway Planning Group, Inc.
LoW pITCHeD HIp RoofS WITH
CLAy TILe RoofINg
SHoRTeR AND ofTeN ReCeSSeD
SeCoND SToRy
SToNe oR MeTAL BALLUSTRADe
RAILINg
LIgHT HUeD MASoNRy WALLS
(SToNe, BRICk oR STUCCo) WITH
A THICk AND SoLID AppeARANCe
geNeRoUS WIDe eAVeS WITH oR
WITHoUT BRACkeTS AND CLoSeD
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MAIN poRTIoN of THe HoUSe
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Mediterranean Revival Style House
Examples of Mediterranean Inspired Designs
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STYLE
HISTORY AND CONTEXT
Buildings of the Renaissance Revival show a studied proper formalism. A tight cubic shape is made to
contain closely spaced windows symmetrically placed on each side of the central door. projections and
recessions in the main mass of the building are minimal. The buildings are usually constructed of stone
or stucco with occasional rusticated corners. Window shapes and designs usually vary from floor to floor,
and the door is commonly flanked by pediments supporting an entablature on top. Walls have a thick
and solid appearance with arches in main-floor windows, doors, and arcades.
Mediterranean style in its different guises is one of the living traditions in Texas architecture. Texas climate, similar to that of the Mediterranean,
seems suited for concepts such as atriums, courtyards, and breeze oriented porches, for heavy masonry materials such as stone, as well as and the
notion of tall and narrow space with the window up top to let the hot air out. Mediterranean style homes, in one version of the style or another,
can be found in neighborhoods throughout Texas.
This style’s other main characteristic is a very low-pitched, hipped roof. Tiles are typically used for
roofing material. The pitch extends into overhanging eaves carried on ornate corbels placed at rhythmic
intervals and sometimes paired. The whole of the building, usually in the form of the “villa”, is often
raised on the podium with full or partial balustrade and centralized steps. Designs are strictly symmetrical.
Italian Renaissance-inspired designs first appeared in this country around 1890 and lasted roughly until 1935. They espoused grand architectural
forms and formal gardens in place of steel and technology, and asserted themselves as vivid icons of “civilized” Mediterranean rather than regional American identity.
As the style increased in popularity it founds its place in more medium-sized homes in the growing suburban sprawl. especially favored for larger
homes in the American South and parts of the Mid-West, the style decreased in popularity by the mid-1930s and was never really appropriate for
popular housing.
This style is quite academic and possessed neither the warmth nor the playful irregularity of other Italian inspired styles. It proved an unpopular style for houses because it had to compete with the delightful picturesque and Victorian styles.
PRIMARY ARCHITECTURAL STYLE
Mediterranean Revival
8.4
© 2008 Verano Land Group, LP and Gateway Planning Group, Inc.
Typical window and trim treatments
Italian Renaissance doors and
window treatments
Spanish Colonial Revival window
and door treatments
Appropriate accent windows
Palladian window treatments
Mediterranean Revival Style Components and Composition
MASSING
ROOF DETAILS
DOORS & WINDOWS
PORCH / ENTRY
DETAILS
MATERIALS
• The main body of the building is
generally symmetrical and typically
two stories and a roof.
• The main characteristic of this style
is a very low-pitched, hipped roof.
Tiles are typically used as the material.
• Windows and doors are typically
deeply recessed to create the appearance of thick walls.
• entries are generally framed by pilasters on each side supporting classic entablatures.
• A belt course is commonly used to
divide stories.
• Light hued stone or brick masonry is
employed typically rendered with a
smooth layer of pale stucco.
• Usual window types are casement,
often with divided lites, but double
hung windows are also used.
• entry porches, if they are a part of
the design, are often recessed.
• projections or reccessions of the
main mass of the building are typically minimal.
• The upper story is usually shorter
with a taller ground level facade with
arched windows.
• The whole of the building, usually in
the form of the “villa”, is often raised
on a podium with full or partial balustrade and centralized steps.
Windows are smaller in size and
• proportion and less ornate in treatment.
• The pitch extends into overhanging eaves carried on ornate corbels
placed at rhythmic intervals and
sometimes paired.
• Dormers are not generally used.
• eaves are boxed with solid soffits.
• Round top arched windows and doors
are typically used on lower floors.
• Doors are typically french with divided lites with limited use of palladian
windows and doors.
• Doors, and even porches, are commonly centered on the main building
mass.
• Building corners are often rusticated
by rough cut stone.
• Stone brackets are also used for an
ornate roof-wall transition generally
for shorter overhangs.
• Chimneys are usually made of carved
stone.
• Walls have a thick and solid appearance, and arches appear in main
floor windows, doors, and arcades.
The roof is most commonly covered
with red terracotta tiles.
• The balcony rail is typically stone
balustrade, but wrought iron rails
are also used.
• In some of the late applications of
the style pivoting wood shades are
used for major windows on the sunny sides.
• pedimented window heads are common.
PRIMARY ARCHITECTURAL STYLE
Mediterranean Revival
8.5
© 2008 Verano Land Group, LP and Gateway Planning Group, Inc.
ACCeNT TRIM AT WINDoW
Top
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CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STYLE
HISTORY AND CONTEXT
Victorian style homes are dominated by a steeply pitched gable roof facing the street. The
main gable may be combined with wings on one or two sides, or emerge from a larger hiproofed rectangular volume. Symmetry is optional.
The Victorian style was prevalent for residential buildings on the United States from about 1860 to 1910. Although under the same
name, the actual applications of the style vary from region to region. As opposed to High Victorian, characterized by the exuberant
and sometimes hardly discriminating use of applied ornament as well as very eclectic compositions, the Central Texas version of
the style may be called folk Victorian. This variation of the basic style flourished as railroads spread across the country providing a
steady supply of Victorian millwork. folk Victorian resulted from the application of the stylistic principles to more modest residences.
forms were simplified, and ornamentation was applied chiefly to the porches, gable ends, and cornices.
Usually a generous one-story porch is integrated into the front façade. gable, hip, shed, or
special dormers are typically employed to provide additional floor area, daylight, and architectural interest. overall composition usually features symmetrically placed, vertically proportioned, double hung windows. Simplified ornamentation occurs at porches, gable ends, and
at special features such as bay windows and towers. Appropriate materials include primarily
horizontal siding and more rarely, at least in this area, brick.
The application of the style is seldom pure and borrowing from different stylistic approaches is
evident in the South Texas Victorian. In both georgetown and New Braunfels there are hybrids
that borrow from both the Classical as well as the Arts and Crafts movement. This mix of various styles components is what creates an interesting character, which blends with other styles
and yet stands out on its own.
In general, the Victorian style allowed the form of the house to be more organic, freeing the builder to incorporate exotic extensions, roof overhangs, and more complex massing types.
By 1910, other styles such as Colonial Revival and Craftsman began to compete for the home-builder’s attention. yet application of
Victorian style remained popular throughout much of the 20th century.
PRIMARY ARCHITECTURAL STYLE
Victorian
8.6
© 2008 Verano Land Group, LP and Gateway Planning Group, Inc.
MASSING
ROOF DETAILS
• front facing gable with or without
side wings
• Steeply sloping gable roofs from
8:12 to 12:12
• gabled wings protruding from principal hip-roof form
• Secondary hip and shed roofs from
3:12 to 8:12 and gable roofs from
6:12 to 12:12
• Hipped or conical roof tower elements on front elevations
• Use of projecting bays & turrets
• generous use of gable, hip, shed or
special dormers
• 1 1/2 to 2 stories typical
• Roof overhangs typically 12 inches
but up to 30 inches are acceptable
• Symmetrical or asymmetrical facade
composition
• Closed soffits and eaves with ogee or
half round gutters
• Main level floor-to-ceiling height
typically 9-10 feet
Porch in a simple facade
Porch inserted into an
“L” layout
Decorative Shingles
Examples of door and window
treatments
Two examples of delicate porch
detailing
Three details for porch, column, railing,
and connection to the ground
Decorative woodwork
DOORS & WINDOWS
PORCH / ENTRY
DETAILS
MATERIALS
• Vertical double-hung windows
• Individual or paired window treatments typical
• Square and angled bay window treatments
• Limited use of accent windows and
multi-pane sashes with true divided
lites
• Wide (4 to 6 inches) or embellished
exterior trim with cap moldings
• full or generous partial porch, with
wrap-around at corner encouraged
• Turned column styles 6” nominal
• Round coulmn styles to include Doric, Ionic and Tuscan, with a minimum diameter of 8 inches nominal
size
• Square column styles with chamfers
and moldings at least 6” in width
• Delicate railings to include square or
turned 2 inch by 2 inch balusters or
scroll saw cut patterns
• Lattice treatments to screen area
under the porch
• Decorative gable end truss work
• Decorative brackets at porch columns
• Rake moldings
• ogee profile gutters at horizontal
facia
• Horizontal wood, simulated wood
or shingle siding with actual or expressed coursing not to exceed 6
inches (4 to 5 inches preferred)
• Siding patterns to include bevel
(clapboard) and drop siding
• full brick or brick up to the second
floor line
• Decorative wood or shingle patterns
in gable ends
• Brick and stone or textured concrete
foundation base with approval of
Town Architect
PRIMARY ARCHITECTURAL STYLE
Victorian
8.7
© 2008 Verano Land Group, LP and Gateway Planning Group, Inc.
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CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STYLE
HISTORY AND CONTEXT
The basic classical house has a simple rectangular volume, either one or two stories, with hip or gable
roofs. often, it has a “temple” front porch facing the street but the remaining part of the main body of
the house. The porch is the most important element for the classical house, can be one or two stories
and often utilizes greek or Roman columns and a variety of detailing of the entablature above.
The Classical style in the US draws primarily from greek and, less so, Roman prototypes. Its appearance and vocabulary was inspired by the 1893
Columbian exposition in Chicago. Moldings are more severe rather than ornamentally enriched, there is no statuary along the roofline or on the
façade, and the round (Roman) arch appears infrequently. The impression is one of grace combined with post-and-lintel construction, although
modern, reinforced materials were used. The scale and proportions of the style are suitably massive, but it also became quite popular in the
middle-class housing where the scale was refined to reflect a more modest demeanor of the buildings, and orders can be of both single and double
height. The frontage is dominated by a pedimented portico supported by free-standing columns, and the whole composition is characterized by
rational and symmetrical distribution of parts. The style typically uses slim, simplified columns of the Ionic or Corinthian orders, and may well
combine the two. Such admixture was facilitated by the debut of readily available, mass-manufactured architectural details produced of industrial
composites.
Houses are usually symmetrical though carefully balanced asymmetrical compositions are also possible.
Wings are generally narrow and of similar proportions added to the side or the back. Roof pitches are
consistent and can vary from 6:12 to 12:12, most common being 8:12.
Windows are multi-pane, most commonly 6 over 6 or 9 over 9, with the first floor windows being taller
than the second floor windows. Dormers occur in both gable and hip roof types, usually proportioned for
a single window.
There is an orderly relationship among columns, windows, doors, porches and roof forms. eaves and
cornices are usually well-detailed. Materials used for this style include stone, brick, stucco, shingles (for
accent), and horizontal siding.
Between six and eight sub-styles have been identified. The most common were either of double height with a principal full-height porch of about
one third of the length of the façade, and colonnaded in the colossal order with pedimented gable roof above, or the same double-height porch
motif occupying the full length of the façade and bearing a flat roof. The later type was especially popular between 1925 and 1950. During this
same period, the one-story cottage with a dominant centralized dormer, hipped roof, and colonnaded porch of either part of full width, was also
fashionable for smaller homes. This style was popular in the South. There are also a number of other sub-types that appear less frequently. The
style continues to be popular to this day, particularly in large style urban and suburban houses.
PRIMARY ARCHITECTURAL STYLE
Classical
8.8
© 2008 Verano Land Group, LP and Gateway Planning Group, Inc.
MASSING
ROOF DETAILS
DOORS & WINDOWS
PORCH / ENTRY
DETAILS
MATERIALS
• The basic house is typically a simple
rectangular volume, one or two stories, with hip or gable roofs.
• Roof pitches are consistent and vary
from 6:12 to 12:12. Most common
are 8:12.
• Use strong front porch/entry, usually with a “temple” look, but could
also be in front of the full façade.
• eaves and cornices are usually well
detailed.
• The porch is the most important element and commonly it is a “temple”
like front porch facing the street but
remaining part of the main body of
the house.
• gable dormers facing the sides are
most appropriate for this style.
• Symmetrically placed doors and windows are most common, but well balanced non-symmetrical compositions
are possible.
• Wall materials used for this style
include stone, brick, stucco, decorative shingles (accent) & horizontal
siding.
• Houses are usually symmetrical,
but carefully balanced asymmetrical
compositions are also possible.
• Wings are generally narrow and of
similar proportions.
• overhangs are consistent, generally
1-2 ft wide. eaves are usually with
closed soffits.
• Repetitive ornate brackets are common under the primary roof eaves.
• Use individual, paired, or triple windows. Bay windows are common,
and round windows, combined or by
themselves, are often used for façade accent.
• Use double hung windows with divided lights in both sashes. Typically
6 over 6 or 9 over 9 but other combinations can be found as well.
• first floor windows are usually higher
than the second floor windows.
Dormers occur in both hip and gable
roofs, usually proportioned for a single window.
• porch can be one or two stories.
• often utilizes greek or Roman columns, sometimes combined (round
or square), and a variety of detailing to the entablature. Column size
is typically no less than 8 inches in
diameter or 8-inch square.
• Bottom porch is commonly without
rail and elevated from the sidewalk.
• Windows are commonly trimmed by
1x4 boards with the cap molding
sometimes intricately detailed.
• Nicely detailed balusters are used for
stair and porch rail.
• Wood picket fences are common as
well as black metal
• Most common roofing materials are
standing seam metal, and asphalt
and fiberglass shingles.
• Windows are usually wood or wood
with metal cladding with traditional
profiles. Doors are typically made out
of wood and are stained or painted.
• Wood or fiberglass porch columns
with straight or turned wood balusters.
`
PRIMARY ARCHITECTURAL STYLE
Classical
8.9
© 2008 Verano Land Group, LP and Gateway Planning Group, Inc.
TUDOR STYLE
CRAFTSMAN / BUNGALOW
HILL COUNTRY VERNACULAR
COLONIAL REVIVAL
The main characteristics of this well-known and popular style, which ran from about 1890 to 1940, include a
dramatically and steeply high-pitched roof dominated by
conspicuous cross gabling and frequent side gables more
often with false rather than structural half-timbering. Very
high multi-flued chimneys were often crowned with ornamental chimney pots. Buildings of this style typically had
tall, slender windows appearing in multiple groups and with
multi-pane glazing.
The Craftsman/Bungalow style was an outgrowth of many
influences – the Craftsman style, Japanese architecture,
Spanish Colonial, and barn and log cabin construction.
Bungalows were very popular from 1890 to 1920 and were
loosely described as cottage-like dwellings, informal in
plan, elevation, and detail.
Texas’ other active architectural tradition, which developed in the
last 200 years, represents a unique blend of german ingenuity and
the climatic and geological ruggedness of the Texas Hill Country
into geometrically simple, efficient, and functional architecture.
There is a clear and uncomplicated structural integrity expressive
of the space within that makes the structures built in this style
architecturally honest and functional to the point that some of
them could be called an expression of the “aesthetics of necessity”.
Colonial Revival style was one of the answers to a strong housing demand between 1920 and 1929. The building boom of the
period inspired the need to build in greater variety of styles. The
traditional Colonial styles, because they evoked memories of the
American past, or because they had a certain old-world charm that
was in harmony with the older architecture of the neighborhoods,
became most popular. Typical Colonial Revival plan is very rigid
with small spaces allocated for specific functions. Houses front the
streets with their longer sides rather than with the gable ends.
The main entry is on the street side and is typically covered and
projected out with either roof or balcony over it. Another main
entry option is just an inset in the façade, shallower and without
the porch, often framed with posts, pilasters, or columns.
The principal entry door is generally inset into the façade
beneath an arch, either Tudor or rounded. Although usually
executed in stone and brick, Tudor style houses used other
kinds of cladding as well, such as wood and stucco.
This style is amongst the most highly romantic and picturesque of the so-called vernacular revival styles and, like
other revival styles of the nineteenth century, strives for
greater accuracy in its use of materials.
Tudor forms consistently emphasize their Anglo-American
origin, while decorative ornamentation, especially around
porches and windows, could be more eclectic in nature and
based on a variety of influences.
Although there are numerous variations from one geographic area to another, the Bungalow style has some common elements. Its basic characteristics are simple lines and
wide projected roofs, it has at most two stories, usually
one, large porches, and is made from materials that suggested coziness. Wood brackets, sometime very elaborate,
single or paired, are commonly used on both the gable ends
and the sides. Transition from post to beam is nicely detailed with a variety of corbel design. facades are typically
painted.
The Bungalow style is credited with introducing the front
stoop to the American house. The stoop became a distinctive part of the architecture of the suburban bungalow by
providing a semi-public transition place between the front
porch and the connecting walkway to the sidewalk and the
street.
The primary characteristic of this style is that the buildings are
composed through simple juxtaposition of pure euclidian geometric forms – rectangles and triangles in a variety of combinations.
The two principal components of the house are the main space
and the porch or the “lean-to” rooms. A porch is a crucial architectural component in the hot Texas climate. A special kind
of porch, sometimes placed in the middle of the house to separate the sleeping quarters from the cooking areas, is called the
“dog trot”. Roof pitches are low to moderate over the porches and
higher (8:12 and 12:12) over the main space, with wood shingles
and galvanized metal as the roofing. The main wall materials are
locally found stone, wood, or stucco over wood or rough stonewalls.
garages or additions are usually to the side of the main body of
the house, but using the same materials. Upper levels are often
slightly projected out to allow greater square footage on the upper floor. Windows are small panes divided with operable or false
shutters on both floors. Most commonly used exterior material is
clap siding.
ARCHITECTURAL STYLES
Spice Styles
8.10
© 2008 Verano Land Group, LP and Gateway Planning Group, Inc.
PV’s AND MOTORIZED SHADING
SUSTAINABLE DESIGN AND ARCHITECTURAL FORM
LIGHT ON THE LAND
SIMPLICITY
FUNCTION INSPIRES FORM
Ecological thinking and sustainable design considerations have opened new possibilities for architectural
forms to reflect our recognition and respect for life and living processes. Blending new technologies with a
deeper understanding of local building traditions offers opportunities for architecture to explore rational and
more direct reasoning in designing building form. Like the mining structures of the past, which may be said
to have an “aesthetics of necessity” and whose form originated directly from the function they performed,
structures designed with sustainability and ecology in mind derive their physical form directly from the
processes of nature they recognize, utilize, mimic, or make visible.
DESIGN WITH WATER
EMERGING ARCHITECTURAL AESTHETICS
every period develops its own architectural expressions. The emerging expression of our time
is inspired by an increased awareness of the long term effects of what we do to the natural
environment and to our own well being, as well as the immanent loss of cheap energy. It acknowledges the need for different and less toxic materials, for renewable energy and material
sources, for a more efficient use of energy in buildings, for thoughtful design of openings, for
a different makeup and depth of the building skin, for indoor air quality, efficient heating and
cooling, foundation systems, and so on. At the same time it is an exploration into using new
structural and skin materials, re-using and recycling old materials, assembling buildings from
larger components integrating multiple building aspects, and use of computer technology.
Some of the design consideration directly influencing architectural form are: understanding
tradition, being “light on the land”, utilizing flexible building systems, day-lighting, shading,
ventilation, air chimneys, atriums, energy generating facilities (wind and solar), use of recycled
materials and structures, use of local materials, rain water collection systems, green roofs, and
energy efficient building envelope.
DESIGN STRATEGIES
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Acknowledgment of tradition
Thoughtful blend of new and old
proper building orientation
Use of appropriate building layout
Simple and elegant massing
Regionally appropriate materials
Architecture expressive of function
Thoughtful building envelope design
expressive shading structures
Creative use of recycled materials
Local energy generation (solar and wind)
Natural heating and cooling
Innovative use of materials
Innovative use of recycled materials
Day-lighting interior space
Maintaining indoor air quality
RESPONSE TO SITE
LIGHT AND SHADY
SUSTAINABLE DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS
The principal characteristic of sustainable design is what might be called contextualization of
technology, meaning that regional setting, climate, material availability – the genius of the place
– is acknowledged and celebrated in the design of the new structure and in the use of new, and
sometimes, old technologies. for example, the use of rammed earth in Arizona or corrugated metal
in Australia shows respect of local traditions, and at the same time employs contemporary building
construction techniques and amenities.
Also, breezeways have been a traditional way of creating comfort in hot climates. The new approach utilizes the idea of the breezeway but makes the space multi-functional, more flexible and
versatile, as it is used differently in different seasons.
The tendency to fully integrate as many functions as possible into each single construction component to maximize its overall environmental effectiveness is at the heart of a sustainable design
philosophy. ecologically based design uses the findings of contemporary science to generate the
overall concepts, as well as in the invention and fabrication of the new materials, appliances, and
usable products.
ARCHITECTURAL STYLES
Sustainable Design
8.11
© 2008 Verano Land Group, LP and Gateway Planning Group, Inc.