EOH3101 Introduction

EOH3101 PRINCIPLES OF
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
Introduction
Coordinator / Lecturer
Dr. Shaharuddin Mohd Sham
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences
Universiti Putra Malaysia
Room no. : P1C11, blok Pensyarah
Email: [email protected]
WeChat: dinsham72
Maksud Kesihatan Persekitaran :
Satu aspek kesihatan awam yang berkaitan
dengan bentuk-bentuk kehidupan, bahanbahan, kuasa dan keadaan di dalam
persekitaran manusia yang boleh
mempengaruhi kesihatan dan kesejahteraan
manusia (Purdom, 1971).
Definition of Environmental Health
Aspect of public health that is concerned with
those forms of life, substances and forces and
conditions in the surroundings of man that may
exert an influence on man’s health and wellbeing (Purdom, 1971).
Definasi Pertubuhan Kesihatan Sedunia
(WHO) berkenaan Kesihatan
Persekitaran
Kawalan faktor-faktor di dalam alam fizikal manusia
yang akan, atau boleh menyebabkan, akibat buruk
ke atas perkembangan fizikal, kesihatan ataupun
kemandirian manusia itu sendiri.
World Health Organisation’s (WHO)
definition of environmental health
Environmental health is the control of all
those factors in man’s physical environment
which exercise, or may exercise, a
deleterious effect on his physical
development, health or survival.
Antara aspek-aspek di bawah bidang
kesihatan persekitaran
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Vektor penyakit
Makanan
Air dan air buangan
Udara
Bahan buangan pepejal
Radiasi ion
Kawalan persekitaran
Persekitaran perumahan
Pelan dan pengurusan
persekitaran
10. Populasi dunia
11. Penyakit kronik
dan berjangkit
12. Pengelakan
kemalangan
Air pollution and haze
Water bodies pollution
Housing and
development
problems
A(H1N1)
Japanese Encephalitis (JE)
Leptospirosis
Bhopal Gas Tragedy, India
A
Endocrine disruptors
Section of male hornyhead turbot (small
picture) testis showing the presence of a
large developing egg (A)
Chernobyl disaster
Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill
EMERGING AND RE-EMERGING DISEASES
Emerging – diseases that have not occurred in humans before
or that occurred only in small numbers in isolated areas.
Re-emerging – diseases that once were major health problems
globally or in a particular area, and then declined dramatically,
but are again becoming health problems for a significant
proportion of the population. Diseases thought to be adequately
controlled making a “comeback” are “re-emerging”.
EMERGING DISEASES
MERS – Middle East Respiratory Syndrome
In the same family of coronaviruses as SARS, which killed at
least 775 people after it emerged in China in late 2002.
MERS, which first appeared in Saudi Arabia in September,
has been kicking around the Middle East for nearly a year,
infecting at least 79 people. It causes fever, cough and
shortness of breath, and so far it has been a killer — about
half the confirmed cases so far have resulted in death. On
July 9 the World Health Organization (WHO) convened an
emergency meeting to determine whether the new
coronavirus that causes MERS constitutes a public-health
emergency of international concern.
The good news is that a recent report published in
the Lancet indicates that the virus has a relatively low
level of infectiousness — less so than the measles and
strong cases of the flu — which may limit its potential to
ignite a global pandemic. A similar lack of infectiousness
also kept SARS from becoming a lasting global menace,
though the disease did cause nearly $50 billion in
damages. But there’s no guarantee that MERS won’t
mutate or worsen over time. And even if it doesn’t, there
will always be new infectious diseases waiting to
emerge.
RE-EMERGING DISEASES
Tuberculosis (TB)
TUBERCULOSIS CASE DETECTION RATE (ALL FORMS) IN MALAYSIA
(World Bank report, 2012)
Other types of re-emerging diseases
1. Malaria
2. Schistosomiasis
Any other examples you can give me?
What can you do to save the human race from
problems that you just saw?
What will happen if the problems are not
looked into or solved ASAP?
Rujukan / References:
1. Purdom, P.W., 1971. Environmental Health. Academic Press, Inc.,
New York, USA. 584 pp.
2. Odum, E.P., 1971. Fundamentals of Ecology. W.B. Saunders
Company, USA. 574 pp.
3. Noor Hassim, I., 1996. Kesihatan Persekitaran. Dewan Bahasa dan
Pustaka, Kuala Lumpur. 162 pp.
4. Zailina, H. dan Jamal H. Hashim, 1997. Kesihatan Persekitaran :
Prinsip dan Cabaran di Malaysia. Fakulti Perubatan dan Sains
Kesihatan, Universiti Putra Malaysia. 156 pp.
5. Homepej US Environmental Protection Agency www.epa.gov/