Engineering construction management projects at Singapore Airport

Engineering construction management
projects at Singapore Airport
Autor(en):
Lim, Boon Liang
Objekttyp:
Article
Zeitschrift:
IABSE congress report = Rapport du congrès AIPC = IVBH
Kongressbericht
Band (Jahr): 12 (1984)
PDF erstellt am:
13.10.2016
Persistenter Link: http://doi.org/10.5169/seals-12112
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123
Engineering Construction Management Projects at Singapore Airport
Gestion de la construction de l'aeYoport de Singapour
Projekt und Management-Organisation des Flughafens in Singapore
Boon Liang LIM
Property Dev. Mgr.
Singapore Int. Airlines
Singapore
Boon Liang Lim, a 42 year old
Singaporean, was educated locally.
He worked with Bank Group: Man¬
agement Services Subsidiär/ as a
Project Executive, then a Project
Supt. for the airline before becom¬
ing its Property Development Man¬
ager for almost 11 years.
SUMMARY
The new Changi Airport near Singapore was designed and built in four years, from 1977 tili 1981. A
technical description of the project and the construction management Organization of the Changi
Development Unit are presented.
RESUME
Le nouvel aöroport de Changi pres de Singapour a ete etudie et construit en quatre ans, de 1977 ä
1981. La description technique et l'organisation de la gestion du projet de la „Changi Development
Unit" sont presentes.
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Der neue Changi Flughafen bei Singapore wurde in vier Jahren, von 1977 bis 1981, projektiert und
ausgeführt. Die technische Beschreibung des Projektes und die Management-Organisation der „Changi
Development Unit" werden vorgestellt.
ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT PROJECTS AT SINGAPORE AIRPORT
124
PROJECT HISTORY
idyllic
rusticated in
The Changi before was the
tropical seaside resort ways shown by the kampong Settlements, vegetable farms,
picnicker camps. The Changi now/after is the airport of the
fruit
many
orchards and
twenty-first Century
- a bustling terminal of 4,400 pax turnover per peak hour, 30,000 meals per day,
750 tons of freight per day and 80 aircraft movement per hour (capacity). What's
How's and Why's went on behind the hectic 6-year transformation programme from
May 1975
July 1981 with the $1.500(B) total investment, including SIA Group
of $0.500(B).
tili
Buoyant air
handled and
traffic
aircraft
forecast
shown by
movements make
it
Fig.
on annual
1
air
passengers,
difficult to
air
cargo
continue at Paya
Lebar: firstly, resettlement squatter
families of easily 50 times of Changi;
secondly, a second runway would entail straddling over a river and the decade old
MOE refuse dump; thirdly, the South flight path hovers above high density, high
rise public housing and fourthly, relying on ad hoc and improvised expansion
is a total¬
expedients is unsatisfactory. Changi offers tremendous prospects ly greenfield site. 900 hectares of land were reclaimed from the sea. The total
airport area (Fig. 2) is about 2500 m x 6500 m or 1663 hectares. Each of the two
parallel runways has a max. capacity of 40 movements per hour. A total of 46
passenger aircraft, 6 cargo aircraft and 3 maintenance parking positions are
provided. A terminal building of 120 m x 204 m, five Stores high, two finger
docks each 580 m long, a hangar building and several other buildings were already
realized in phase I. Air safety and noise protection are safeguarded and, above
extremely
it
all,
unencumbered expansion
potential.
project development and milestones are shown in Fig.
are explained in the index at the end of the paper.
The
©SAT5
NFUGHT
© SAIS
MAINTENANCE
©SATS
AJRFREIGHT
CATERING
CENTRE
CENTRE
©SIA
©SIA
AIRCRAFT
\¦£
»CO
4 SIA PLANT
TERMINAL
ENGINEERING HANGAR
2. The abbreviations
/
EOUIPMENT WORKSHOP
IAFTI
/ CORPORATE
HEADOUARTERS
UNIT L0A0 DEVICE
IAULDI
ENGINE 0VERHAUL BASE/ TEST CELL
TENANCY WORKS
AT
PAX TERMINAL
PTB
^)SE0C:
(MC/PEWI
C--
ICEH/HOI
m.--<i->
i
CECC/TC)
ns-'\i
jiiL^gyy
y" y
<^,-__
aV>
\^-\y
>
¦1
-
iv
S^^-^ragg
Oj
1(
^•¦^yA.-r*s?
-* -<--r---.--M
Lf^r:=->H01
;^si,j;,i^j,xsi«i,XsiT£;£isi,Xsi.sLsi..Zj.rYn
V
—' V •
¦-
-
-
.71= 1|L_
V
feü=jaS-c
=J
,fOTrt
.>vf".,:"'""-''i
©
W.HrfsH'si>.>
&HW8pffi|pB!R
U-+
¦——>,—
Fig.2 Masterplan Layout
*~j
J
-
r—Ac.
¦WBOT-"--,'i.s*T'
DOOQ
-I
i
)0
V
May 1975
—
—
Cabinet decision on future
of Paya Lebar
airport at
Changi instead
PASSENGERS
AMrvru.
BCAD formed to formulate/control policies for Changi
Airport development programme (more details in CDU
ot.A.ru.f.
j TRANSIT
3
Organisation chart)
July 1975/
—
Developing/Reviewing master plan
—
Block
—
Crash programme
June 1976
site planning through
— NACO
with SIA Group users
PDM
of land reclamation,
24 months
900 hectares over
n)73
Jamary 1977
—
Finalise selection of system Consultant
—
Justification for site allocation
building design briefs including
April
1977
and
A&E
design Consultant selection
—
Commence
—
SIA Group
official
decision to form
later joined by Turner
staff from SIA/SATS
at
alienation, firm
definitives
—
CDU and
Ground breaking
Start
—
Soil consolidation at
—
Award
of Changi Engineering Hangar
February 1980
—
Award
of Hangar Roof, construction Sites
February 19Ö1
—
Arrival of
—
Test run of runway
—
Exodus Paya Lebar and Changi
July
1981
September 1982
1
(Key
n 77 n n w ai n
197fl
1079
1BS1
ISS2
1979
19S1
1002
"75
"77"s,-°„»
three months
ICC
-n m
roof sub-unit
I,
Milestones)
197-t
1675
107«
1077
Hangar
-
COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT MOVEMENTS
Main Contract
all in füll
Swing
BARI
DEI
(65O tonnes) by sea
PTB, ICC, AFT
SIA Corporate Headquarter
Project History
ra
73 74
IST,
I
Airport Starts
Starts
_=D_
Changi Hangar Starts
Table
IBM
1876
BIET
.ICKC
at PTB/in progress
first
1B77
up
1673
August 1979
IBTB
assigned managers and seconded
—
Basement
I07S
24 teams
—
February 197Ü
IB74
on ICC, AFT
IS73
Fig.
1
JI
1074
19/5
Singapore
IB70
1677
19/8
Airport Statistics (1973-1982)
TJ
126
ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT PROJECTS AT SINGAPORE AIRPORT
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
A
few features taken from the key
projects (Fig.3)
Cost (SIN $)
m2
SATS
SATS
Airfreight Terminal
(AFT)
Inflight Catering Centre (ICC)
SIA Corporate Headquarters (CEH.2)
SIA Engineering Hangar (CEH.l)
42,000
50,000
30,000
21,000
72.000
80.000
(M)
(M)
225.000
(M)
first
strictly
Done on
and form later" by
"function
do
economic
commissioning
to
studies/review, system engineering and only
all
after completion of System flow and layout and the Building Design Brief, the
Building Consultant got on board to wrap around the process flow layout. The
phase comprises symmetrically placed site, modules 2 and 3 capable of
expanding to Ml and M4 to double up the
capacity of 300,000 thru-put
The
FT.
tonnes
600,000
to
internal features show the modern methods of
freight
material handling System by elevated transfer vehicle (ETV) and high level
storage racks through use of retrieval cranes.
Airfreight Terminal.
BNP
first
initial
Inflight
Catering Centre.Similarly done as for AFT. System experts on mass meal
production were appointed to carry out a thorough review of traffic analysis
(by Computer model Simulation). A system of layout flow processers, storage
support sub Systems, wash-up Subsystem was developed on a participatory approach
with all related users. A building design brief containing the "A&E Definitives"
was jointly developed with CDU before the Building Design Consultants were se¬
lected. The design development was exhaustive capitalising on the confluence of
expertise from 4 sources: the System Experts, Inhouse Catering, Management Knowhow, CDU Project Management and the long Standing and eminent Architects,
Engineers and Quantity Surveyors. Planned on modular grids the present capabi¬
of 30,000 meals per day can be easily expanded to 50,000 per day in the
lity
1990's.
SIA Corporate Headquarters. Located at the upper
10-storey annexe, SIA Head Office shows a modern
floors of the U-shape on plan,
office System approach. In
5
conjunction with the Accoustic Consultants, the Architects and Engineers,
inhouse landscape open plan unit (LMU) in consultation with a German team
first
CDU's
(QBT)
scale at the annexe. The
office of the 30,000
physical results are achieved through fine tuned co-ordination efforts - LMU,
Design Consultants, Contractors, the end users and the specialist open plan
furniture vendors.
implemented the
open plan
m2
is accomplished
through collaborative efforts of design Consultants, specialist contractors and
in the case of the tubulär diagrid roof the unstinted contribution of the Checking
Consultant Engineer. The Tubulär Space Frame Diagrid Roof Solution was the com¬
bined result of poor Site condition and height constraint. However, the design,
Services co-ordination, fabrication and final site erection and lifting of the
2,500 tonnes of the 218(L) x 92(D) x 8(H) columnfree roof structure is a
construction planning and management Operation worth of attention to future
practitioners or Clients facing the same problem. Even the last expected acti¬
no advanced preparing as well as corrective action plan¬
vity could go wrong,
ning to face up Situation had been provided. The case of protective coating is
Changi Engineering Hangar (CEH). Again, the successful completion
if
a
classic example.
B.L. LIM
127
Soil Consolidation. Because of an underlying lens-shape section structure of thick
marine clay, the site had to be subject to 14 months surcharge varying 6-8 meters
high plus stitched down Castle board drain at approximately 2.00 m centres at a
total costs of $5.00(M).
Flying Table Forms. Owing to slow start-up due to site conditions and another
reason, the Construction Team collaborated with the Contractor to use this
system of formwork. Productivity rose from 31 days per floor to an all-time high
of 18 days per floor at the 9th and lOth floor slab. Records confirm a time
saving of 25% over the conventional formwork method.
EXECUTIVE PROJECT MANAGEMENT ORGANISATION
Ideals shown in our objective on design/approaches are one thing but follow-up
action is another. There was the large Scale of some 304,000 m2 of total gross
built-up area scattered over six far flung sites. Another couple of worrysome
features were the near $500.00(M) budget and the very tight time frame of 4 years
for design and construction, discounting ll/2 years for masterplanning of the
total project duration.
While mobilising inhouse development expertise and user departments for master¬
was at the 2nd quarter of
planning and building design briefs went underway
1977 when the Changi Development Unit (CDU) was set up and put into Operation.
it
It was
intended to be the pure type of project or indeed a construction management
Organisation to be run independently with minimum interference and maximum sup¬
port from SIA/SATS top management. The Organisation is accountable to both SIA/
SATS management separately - implemented by monthly series of high level project
management meetings (Fig. 3)
The
Property Development Manager (Changi Projects) is represented in the Executive
Airport Development (ECAD) to provide the Organisation links (Fig.4).
also submitted monthly Status as well as financial management report to the
Committee on
He
Group Chairman.
mission was to ensure effective project funds control, time schedule and
quality of the works. All the three (3) wings, namely, Project Engineering,
CDU's
Construction Control and General & Administration are mutually supportive to
carry out its mission during 4-5 years. Its own facilities included a 1.000 m2
two-storey CDU rented building, photostat and blue print equipment, word processor, 2 landover vehicles and some other sundry equipments/site facilities.
matrix relationship lines were inevitable as eventually the project
engineers, construction superintendents had to work closely with end users, air¬
port building authorities, innumerable Consultant staff, contractors supervisory
Some
and management personnel.
In view of the different form of employment contracts, man-management grew
times to awkward proportions. The composition of the CDU at peak is:
TEA
(a) second SIA/SATS
(b) contract personnel
44
52
(c) assigned TEA
_6_
personnel enjoyed
project
management
relatively
some¬
102
generous compensation being assigned through the
contract, contract staff receive very high salary but reduced
O
rt o
O
ECAD
TO
Ul
3
•
AUTHORITY
I
•
STATUS
OJ
IQ
c
GROUP MGMT
APPROVAL
BRIEFING
• SERVICES/UTILITIES C0-0ROINATI0N
• INTERPHA5ING ISSUES eg OPERATIONAL
Ul
9 rtii
3
SIA
A.
MONTHLY
CUTOVERS
r+
P-
• CM PERFORMANCE
O
3
OJ
r~
ENGRG
ifl
•
I3
• TENDER
ro
DESIGN
i
DEVELOPMENT
ISSUING
rt
•
APPROVING
9
• AUTHORITY
• BUDGET
MEETING
CONSULTANTS
APPROVAL
TOL
T
COF
I
rt
DESIGN CONSULTANTS
Hl
o
n
& QC INSPECTORS
•CIC (A)
• SCHEDULE
>
ccn
CONSTRUCTION
SITE
CONTRACT
o
o
s
rn
IO
SITE
CONSTRUCTION
PLANNING|/ DETAILS
•
CONSTRUCTION
MAN
POWER
RESOURCE IE MATERIAL,
CONTRACTOR PLANT
•
MAIN
8.
0)
l__
UPDATE
MEETINGS
•
FORTNIGHTLY
• QUALITY
QUALITY CONTROL
PROCEDURES
•
•
SITE
¦
0
C
/
SUB-SCHEDULE
UPOATE & EXPEOITING
EXTENSION
TIME
DEUVERIES
CIC
33
Hl
/
AUTHORITIES ISSUES
DRAWINGS
h
0>
PROGRESS
CHECK 4 SPECIAUSE
rXrNSTRUarON
OJ
3
ON
AOMIN
DRAWINGS
WORKING
SHOP
REVIEW
AWARO
EVALUATION
b
sQ
REPORT
CDU
0
3
5
BOARO
• MONTHLY MANAGEMENT REPORT
I OIVISIONAL
DIRECTOR LEVEL I
o
PUNCH
SITE
CONTROL
MEETINGS
INSPECTION
LISTING
(BI
LEGEND
MEETINGS
INSPECTION
DAY - TO -
MAIN
4
^ORKItJG_qEJAILS
• CERTIFY
CONTRACT
PAYMENT
ADMINISTRATION
<
rO
NOMINATED
SUBS (NSC
NSC
Hangar
Roof
NSC
—
NSC
NSC
VAC
k
FPS
HT/LT
-*¦
Line of authority
& reporting
Line of communication only
Demarcation
-DIRECT
DIRECT
SUBS
Norminated
Sub. Contr
*"
CONTRACTOR
SUBS
DIRECT
SUBS
DIRECT
SUBS
line
MANAGING
iTO
DIRECTOR, SIA
-Q
|ECAD
O
H
iQ
OJ
PRCPERTY DEVT
3
MANACER
P
(CP)
N
PJ
rt
SECRETAHY
pO
3
o
3"
01
//PROJECT
l-l
n-
JjPRCaECT
CONST. MSR
ENGRG MGR
SNR SUPT.
GEN
o
i
ADMIN
Hl
o
§
MANAGEMENT
REPORTS
COST
CONTROL
M
i
E
SCHEDULE &
SECTION
EXPEDITE UNIT
UTILITIES & SVC
COORDINATION I
SCHEDULE &
SUBSCHEDULE
PERSONNEL
4
I
ESTATES/OFF SVC
MC/PElY
COST
SITE PROGRESS
TROUBLESHOOT I
«C/PEK
CONTROL
FINANCIAL
sjxmarz—
CORP HQ ryPPM
MANAGEMENT
HANGAR &
CORP. HQ
CONTRACT
CLAIMS
TENANCY KKS
PTB
EOC/TC
DESIGN
TENANCY WKS
(AULD)
(PTB)
EtrOETE OVERHA'JL COMPLFJ
Je
CDU was
formed
Staff resources
TEST CELL
A
in
first
quarter of 1977 with
blend of (a) seconded
(b) contract
(c) assigned
dedicated, pure project and executive type
Show a
links with Users/Authorities
Most
contracts are done "design
and
staff,
5
swelling
SQ/SATS Permanent
Personnel
Turners
Organisation which
build" basis
to
102
staff
is
in
-
almoat
1980 but now reduced to 6
44
52
102
_6
autonomous yet having a lot
of
i
130
ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT PROJECTS AT SINGAPORE AIRPORT
fringe benefits compared with the seconded permanent staff. All the conflicts
after a series of meetings and compromises as the threat of
Jobs to disrupt the project was more real than imagined.
their
quitting
were resolved
Imbued with humanist school of thinking, CDU Admin
programmes to forge close knit team spirit i.e.
(a)
(b)
(c)
Inter site sports competition
CDU
Annual Dinner
Visits to
Homes
Quality Control Circles
&
and cross country run
Dance and X'mas Do's
of Handicaps,
(QCC)
and Open
used.
It
actively promoted several
Aged, Salvation Army, ete
Appraisal Interviews were extensively
all contracts were carried out on a "design and build"
Test Cell which was one on turnkey. Budget and schedule
control were practised by means of cost commitment and payment reports, variance
procedures, milestone/stage programme tracking and updating.
is to
be noted
basis except the
that
747
CONCLUSIONS
Experience is the greatest teacher of all lessons. Having lived through all the
difficult phases of the projects, we realise that short lead times have to be
treated seriously. Advanced preparation is the safeguard. Diligence and dedication cannot find Substitutes in whatever project tools or Systems.
In general appraisal,
we have
management system are
fared
fairly well.
The
benefits of
a
well struetured
vivid. It represents results achieved through co¬
project
endeavours
which
are certainly greater than the total sum of the
operative
component parts. For the skeptics and followers alike, Changi Airport provides a
living model of the synergistic efforts of international expertise, technological
advancements and the local resources of people and marginal land availability.
.L. LIM
LIST
131
OF ABBREVIATIONS/ACRONYMS
ECAD
Executive Committee on Airport Development
(headed by the Chief Permanent Secretary Singapore
Government after being formed by Cabinet Decision
in
May
1975).
DCA
Department of Civil Aviation which
Ministry of Communication.
CADD
Changi Airport Development Division i.e. specially
formed by Public Works Department to do all Master
is part of
the
Planning, Infrastructure, Pax Terminal and other
Services buildings.
CDU
Changi Development Unit formed by SIA Group Management
to handle the Group's major projects worth over (B)0.5CO
Singapore Dollars.
MOE
Ministry of Environment
NAOO
Netherland Airport Consultancy
A & E
Architectural
M & E
Mechanical and
ATC
Air Traffic Control
SATS
Singapore
SÄTE
Singapore Airport Duty-Free Emporium
SEOC
Singapore Engine Overhaul Centre
TEA
Turner East Asia
CEH
SIA Changi Engineering Hangar
ICC
Inf light Catering
AFT
Airfreight Terminal
MC
Maintenance Centre
FEW
Plant
AULD
Aircraft Unit
PTB
Passenger Terminal Building
ETV
Elevated Transfer Vehicle
&
and Engineering
Electrical
("ower
Airport Terminal Services
Equipment
Centre
for
apron handling equipment
for engineering
Load Device
ground equipment
i.e. aircraft
Container
132
ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT PROJECTS AT SINGAPORE AIRPORT
REFERENCE MATERIALS
SECTION
/i/8l
1.
Airport
2.
Proceedings of Airport Planning
Forum
Background Data
and Development Symposium
1982
Background Data
Department of Civil Aviation!
Annual Report 1977
1982
Growth
3«
h.
tili
Implementation of Project
Management by
Project
Institute, California
5«
6.
Selected Readings of
Management
USA
Human
Appraisal
Project Manual on FinanciaJ
Controls and PMIS by Arthur
-
9«
Management Techniques
Oxley and Posket
HM SO
—
by
Financial Controls
Scheduling Controls
Scheduling Controls
Management by Roy
Principles of Construction
PiIcher
Programming and General
Management of Engineering
Projects by Maurice Snowdon
General
Straits
Interest
Times Commemorative
Feature on SIA Group Projects
-
1979
and
Humanist Approach and
Humanist Style and Open
Programming Method
12.
Organisation
Organisation Styles
Managing Human Resources by
8.
11.
Executive and Autonomous Project
Management
QCC's
Anderson
10.
Background
Resources Managment and
Productivity by Bill Reddin
Sayles and Straus
7.
Statistics
Background
Materials
Interest