Kerry Laitala: Experimental Filmmaker: Educator Guide

EDUCATOR GUIDE
Story Theme: Through the Lens
Subject: Kerry Laitala
Discipline: Visual Arts (Film)
SECTION I - OVERVIEW ................................................................................................... 2
EPISODE THEME
SUBJECT
CURRICULUM CONNECTIONS
OBJECTIVE
STORY SYNOPSIS
INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES
INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES
EQUIPMENT NEEDED
MATERIALS NEEDED
INTELLIGENCES ADDRESSED
SECTION II – CONTENT/CONTEXT ................................................................................. 3
CONTENT OVERVIEW
THE BIG PICTURE
RESOURCES – TEXTS
RESOURCES – WEB SITES
BAY AREA RESOURCES
SECTION III – VOCABULARY ........................................................................................... 8
SECTION IV – ENGAGING WITH SPARK ...................................................................... 10
Avant!garde"filmmaker"/erry"1aitala"talks"about"her"
process.""Still"image"from"SPA</"story,">??@."
SECTION I - OVERVIEW
EPISODE THEME
INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES
Through"the"1ens"
/erry"1aitala"
"
GRADE RANGES"
"
/!B>"C"Post!secondary""
To"introduce"students"to"experimental"film"as"a"
vehicle"of"artistic"expression"
To"provide"context"for"the"understanding"of"film"as"
a"visual"arts"medium"
To"inspire"students"to"engage"with"experimental"and"
art"films""
"
CURRICULUM CONNECTIONS
EQUIPMENT NEEDED
Visual"Arts"C"1anguage"Arts"
SPA</"story"about"/erry"1aitala"on"GVG"or"VMS,"
and"related"eOuipment"
HomputerPsQ"with"Internet"access,"navigation"
software,"sound"card,"speakers,"and"access"to"a"
printer"
Kacintosh"computerPsQ"with"iKovie"digital"movie!
making"software"
SUBJECT
OBJECTIVE
Enderstand"the"development"of"personal"works"of"
art"and"their"relationship"to"broader"social"
themes"and"ideas,"abstract"concepts,"and"the"
history"of"art"
Gevelop"visual,"written,"listening,"speaking"and"
artmaking"skills"through"looking"at,"creating"and"
talking"about"contemporary"art"films"
Hultivate"understanding"of"avant!garde"and"
experimental"film"as"a"genre"
STORY SYNOPSIS
SPA</"watches"experimental"filmmaker"/erry"
1aitalaJs"painstaking"process"as"she"works"on"her"
ongoing"tribute"to"the"film"medium"itself,"The"Kuse"
of"Hinema.!
"
INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES
Lroup"oral"discussion,"review"and"analysis,"
including"peer"review"and"aesthetic"valuing"as"a"
group"
Teacher!guided"instruction,"including"
demonstration"and"guidance"
Mands!on"individual"proNects"in"which"students"
work"independently"
Mands!on"group"proNects"in"which"students"assist"
and"support"one"another"
Hritical"reflection"on"personal"expressions"and"how"
they"are"seen"and"received"by"others"
"
SPARK Educator Guide – Kerry Laitala
MATERIALS NEEDED
Access"to"libraries"with"up!to!date"collections"of"
periodicals,"books,"and"research"papers"
Pencils,"pens,"and"paper"
Examples"of"experimental"andTor"avant!garde"film"
Psee"Ueb"and"Vay"Area"<esourcesQ"
Giscarded"photographic"negatives,"pencils,"pens,"
paint"and"other">!G"art"materials"
"
INTELLIGENCES ADDRESSED
Vodily!/inesthetic"!"control"of"one#s"own"body,"
control"in"handling"obNects"
Interpersonal"!"awareness"of"others#"feelings,"
emotions,"goals,"motivations"
Intrapersonal"!"awareness"of"one#s"own"feelings,"
emotions,"goals,"motivations"
Spatial"!"ability"to"manipulate"and"create"mental"
images"in"order"to"solve"problems"
1ogical!Kathematical"!"ability"to"detect"patterns,"
reason"deductively,"think"logically"
"
See"more"information"on""
Kultiple"Intelligences"at"
www.kOed.orgTsparkTeducation
>
SECTION II – CONTENT/CONTEXT
CONTENT OVERVIEW
/erry"1aitala"is"an"experimental"filmmaker"who"is"
interested"in"how"films"are"made"W"one"frame"at"a"
time.""1aitala"hand!builds"her"films,"manipulating"the"
surface"of"the"celluloid"and"exposing"each"frame"
individually"to"create"works"that"stand"at"the"edge"of"
both"film"and"art.""SPA</"follows"1aitalaJs"
painstaking"work"on"her"ongoing"tribute"to"the"film"
medium"itself,"The"Kuse"of"Hinema."
"
"
Xilm"is"a"strip"of"
celluloid.""Xilm"made"
and"used"today"is"
usually"
manufactured"on"a"
cellulose"acetate"or"
" ester"base,"which"is"
also"called"safety"
film"because"it"not"combustible.""PEntil"the"BY@?s,"
celluloid"was"produced"with"nitrates,"and"was"highly"
flammable.Q""Although"it"comes"in"varying"lengths"
and"speeds,"all"film"is"comprised"of"identical"
individual"frames,"Nust"as"a"roll"of"photographic"film"
is"made"up"of"individual"photographs.""Xilm"has"
light!sensitiZed"silver"halides"coated"in"an"emulsion"
that"forms"images"when"exposed"to"light.""The"images"
are"invisible"to"the"human"eye"PlatentQ"until"the"film"is"
processed"and"the"images"become"visible."
"
Xor"the"Kuse"of"Hinema"Series,"1aitala"produces"
\direct"films,]"exposing"the"film"directly"with"a"light"
source"not"using"a"movie"camera.""This"method"often"
physically"alters"the"surface"of"film."The"techniOues"
1aitala"uses"include"placing"obNects"directly"on"
unprocessed"film"stock"and"then"exposing"and"
developing"it.""Xilmmakers"using"this"method"also"
paint,"scratch,"or"otherwise"manipulate"processed"
film.""The"resulting"images,"though"photographic,"
retain"a"handmade,"unrefined"Ouality"that"
characteriZes"the"direct"film"aesthetic."
"
SPARK Educator Guide – Kerry Laitala
As"a"practice,"direct"manipulation"of"film"is"a"slow,"
laborious"process"because"of"the"number"of"frames"
reOuired"to"make"a"film"of"any"substantial"length."""
Xilm"that"appears"\normal]"is"shot"and"played"at">^"
frames"per"second"PfpsQ"W"that"is,">^"individual"frames"
are"proNected"in"one"second."The"perception"of"motion"
created"by"the"individual"frames"can"be"changed"by"
increasing"andTor"decreasing"the"fps.""Images"can"be"
made"to"blur"or"to"shake"by"increasing"andTor"
decreasing"the"rate"of"frames"as"they"move"through"
the"proNector.""
"
Two"feet"of"film"eOuals"Nust"over"one"second"on"screen"
when"proNected.""1aitala"intends"for"The"Kuse"to"be"a"
series"that"is"feature!length"P_?!Y?"minutesQ,"reOuiring"
that"she"produce"over"[,???"feet"of"film.""The"Kuse"
series"will"be"a"combination"of"[@mm"and"B_mm"films"
that"address"early"cinema"technology"and"use"various"
frame!by!frame"techniOues."<ight"now"the"film"is"
about"`??"ft."long"and"is"the"first"film"in"a"series"of"
three"[@mm"films"for"a"hand"crank"proNector.""Uhen"
1aitala"finishes"the"first"film,"it"will"be"about"B,???"ft."
long,"although"her"cranking"speed"usually"ranges"
between"a"and">^"fps,"so"the"length"varies"according"
to"each"individual"performance."These"will"be"
screened"with"three"B_mm"films,"so"that"she"can"
rewind"film"reels"and"re!thread"the"films.""
"
The"Kuse"of"Hinema"is"an"ongoing"proNect"that"began"
when"1aitala"found"a"box"of"early">?th"century"magic"
lantern"slides"at"a"flea"market.""Slides"such"as"these"
were"used"to"entertain"audiences"during"technical"
difficulties,"giving"the"proNectionist"a"chance"to"solve"
a"problem"with"the"proNector.""1aitala"transferred"
these"slides"onto"[@mm"motion"picture"film,"which"
became"the"first"footage"for"her"proNect.""The"rest"of"
the"film"is"being"shot"on"film"intended"for"use"in"an"
b!ray"camera,"a"kind"of"film"that"is"not"sensitive"to"
red"light"called"\orthochromatic.]"""
"
Uorking"under"red"light"in"her"apartment,"1aitala"
places"a"variety"of"obNects"on"the"celluloid"stock"film,"
and"then"exposes"the"film"with"the"help"of"a"
flashlight.""She"then"processes"the"film"using"a"hand!
cranked"processing"tank.""1aitalaJs"interest"in"the"
[
tactile,"hand!manipulated"Oualities"of"film"extends"to"
the"way"in"which"her"films"are"screened.""Xor"The"
Kuse"of"Hinema,"1aitala"purchased"and"restored"a"
vintage"BY>a"Acme"film"proNector,"which"is"hand"
cranked,"reOuiring"the"proNectionist"to"move"at"Nust"
the"right"speed"in"order"for"the"motion"to"be"
perceived"as"the"filmmaker"intended."1aitala"studied"
film"and"photography"at"The"Kassachusetts"Hollege"
of"Art"and"The"San"Xrancisco"Art"Institute."She"has"
screened"work"internationally,"and"has"won"various"
awards"including"the"Princess"Lrace"Award.""She"also"
held"residencies"at"the"prestigious"Akademie"Schloss"
Solitude"outside"of"Stuttgart,"Lermany"in"BYYY"and"
>??B."
"
Avant!garde"filmmaker"/erry"1aitala"checks"out"
some"film.""Still"image"from"SPA</"story,">??@."
THE BIG PICTURE
Experimental"film!!sometimes"called"avant!garde"or"
art"film!!is"a"term"that"applies"to"a"wide"variety"of"
cinematic"practices"that"in"some"way"deviate"from"
mainstream"narrative"cinema.""It"is"impossible"to"find"
single"characteristics"that"apply"to"all"experimental"
films,"but"it"is"often"true"that"experimental"films"
dispense"with"coherent"narrative"structure,"or"else"
manipulate"narrative"structure"in"order"to"reveal"the"
way"it"is"constructed.""Experimental"films"also"
generally"try"to"reveal"something"about"the"
possibilities"of"the"medium"usually"obscured"by"the"
conventions"of"narrative"film."
"
Experimental"film"is"roughly"a?"years"old,"its"
beginnings"extending"to"the"earliest"animation"and"
experiments"with"the"technological"possibilities"of"
cinema.""The"first"self!conscious"art"films,"however,"
were"produced"by"artists"of"the"Surrealist"movement,"
such"as"1uis"Vucuel.""Vucuel"created"images"in"his"
films"that"were"often"sexually"suggestive,"violent,"or"
disturbing."<ather"than"creating"the"usual"narrative"
SPARK Educator Guide – Kerry Laitala
films,"Vucuel"sought"to"mimic"a"dream"form,"
avoiding"logical"connections"between"various"shots"
and"scenes.""
"
Uhile"it"is"difficult"to"name"the"first"American"avant!
garde"film,"artists"Paul"Strand"and"Hharles"Sheeler"
produced"a"film"called"Kanhattan"in"BY>?."dther"
avant"garde"filmmakers"from"this"time"period"include"
1ot"in"Sodom"PBY[[Q"and"The"Xall"of"the"Mouse"of"
Esher"PBY>aQ"by"Uatson"and"Uebber,"and"Enchanted"
Hity"by"Uarren"eewcomb"PBY>>Q.""In"BY[_,"collage"
artist"foseph"Hornell"produced"<ose"Mobart,"one"of"
the"first"American"experimental"films"to"use"
exclusively"found"film"material."
"
Throughout"the"BY^?Js"Kaya"Geren"made"a"
tremendous"impact"with"Keshes"of"the"Afternoon"
Pmade"with"Alexander"MammidQ"and"several"other"
films.""Geren"was"instrumental"in"bringing"this"kind"
of"film"work"to"venues"and"universities,"and"lecturing"
on"this"genre"of"filmmaking."Throughout"the"BY^?Js"
makers"such"as"Sidney"Peterson,"fames"Vroughton,"
/enneth"Anger,"Marry"Smith"produced"some"of"the"
most"important"films"of"the"time,"including"SmithJs"
complex"\direct"cinema]"films"such"as"\Early"
Abstractions]"on"which"he"painted"and"used"batik."
"
Throughout"the"BY@?Js"and"_?Js"filmmakers"such"as"
Hhristopher"Kac1aine,""Stan"Vrakhage,"Vruce"
Honnor,"<on"<ice,"<obert"eelson,"Karie"Kenken,"
1arry"fordan,"Lregory"Karkopoulos,"Stan"
Vanderbeek,"<obert"Vreer"made"innovations"in"the"
field"and"expanded"the"notions"of"avant!garde"film."""
Vrakhage,"probably"the"most"prolific"filmmaker"of"the"
experimental"genre,"became"known"for"lyrical"and"
disorienting"camera"movements"that"created"
kaleidoscopic"spectacles"of"pure"color"and"movement.""
In"his"BY_^"film"Gog"Star"Kan,"Vrakhage"tells"a"
mythic"story"through"a"hypnotic"succession"of"
images,"colors"and"movement"that"together"tell"sort"of"
visual"allegory"of"the"evolution"of"human"
consciousness."
"
In"the"early"BY_?s,"VrakhageJs"films"became"the"
backdrop"for"what"came"to"be"known"as"Structural"
film,"which"attempted"by"the"simplest"means"to"
isolate"those"aspects"of"visual"perception"that"are"
specific"to"movie"watching."Andy"UarholJs"actionless"
or"near!actionless"early"films"accomplish"this"by"
making"the"spectatorJs"expectant"gaZe"and"the"
duration"of"the"film"the"subNect"of"the"film.""In"his"
BY_^"film"Empire,"Uarhol"filmed"the"Empire"State"
^
Vuilding"for"eight"hours"from"nighttime"until"
daybreak.""The"subNect"of"the"film"is"the"moviegoerJs"
attention"and"awareness"of"time,"which"changes"as"he"
or"she"adNusts"to"the"extended"viewing"time.""Another"
example"of"such"filmmaking"is"Tony"HonradJs"Xlicker"
PBY__Q,"a"film"made"up"entirely"of"alternating"black"
and"transparent"frames.""Xlicker"reduces"film"to"its"
barest"essentials,"a"shadow"play"of"light"and"dark,"
stripped"of"narrative"and"of"any"representational"
imagery.""
"
Uhere"Structural"film"isolated"the"visual"experience"
of"cinema,"film"critic"Lene"goungblood"believes"the"
realm"to"which"these"forms"of"film"belong"W"an"
\Expanded"Hinema]"W"is"one"that"emphasiZes"film"as"
a"total"environment"into"which"the"spectator"becomes"
absorbed.""goungblood"contends"that"the"new"
widescreen"and"experimental"technologies"premiered"
for"the"first"time"at"UorldJs"Xairs"and"international"
expositions"in"the"mid"and"late"BY_?s.""In"fact,"the"
Expanded"Hinema"is"closest"to"todayJs"multi!media"
and"virtual"reality"environments,"wherein"the"
spectator"is"completely"immersed"into"an"illusory,"
though"highly"realistic"world."
"
The"BY_?Js"and"BY`?Js"saw"emerging"work"by"makers"
such"ash"Paul"Sharits,"Lunvor"eelson,"Uarren"
Sonbert,""Shirley"Hlarke,"Mollace"Xrampton,"Vruce"
Vaillie,"fonas"Kekas,""Harolee"Schneemann,"Hhick"
Strand,"and"foyce"Uieland,"Ernie"Lehr,"Leorge"
/uchar,"Uill"Mindle,"fordan"Velson,"Leorge"1andow,""
/en"facobs,"Tony"Honrad,"Pat"dJeeil,"Storm"Ge"
Mirsche,"Susan"Pitt.""
"
Throughout"the"BYa?Js"to"the"present,"the"number"of"
filmmakers"has"grown"internationally"and"the"
interest"and"cinematic"explorations"are"continuing"to"
expand."This"partial"listing"mainly"focuses"on"the"
work"made"during"this"time"frame"in"the"ES."
1aitala"runs"her"film"
through"a"proNector.""
Still"image"from"
SPA</"story,">??^."
SPARK Educator Guide – Kerry Laitala
RESOURCES – TEXTS
Hurtis,"Gavid."Experimental"Hinemah"A"Xifty"gear"
Evolution."1ondon,"Eniverse"Vooks,"BY`B."
Gixon,"Uheeler"Uinston"and"Lwendolyn"Audrey"
Xoster.""Experimental"Hinema,"The"Xilm"<eader.""
1ondonh"<outledge,">??>."
"
fames,"Gavid"E.""Allegories"of"Hinemah"American"
Xilm"in"the"Sixties.""Princeton,"efh"Princeton"
Eniversity"Press,"BYaY."
"
KetZ,"Hhristian.""Xilm"1anguageh"A"Semiotics"of"
Hinema.""Hhicagoh"Eniversity"of"Hhicago"Press,"BYY?."
"
<ees,"A."1.""A"Mistory"of"Experimental"Xilm"and"
Video.""1ondonh"Vritish"Xilm"Institute,"BYYY."
"
<ush,"Kichael.""Video"Art.""eew"gorkh"Thames"C"
Mudson,">??[."
"
Shaw,"feffery"and"Peter"Ueibel,"eds.""Xuture"Hinemah"
The"Hinematic"Imaginary"after"Xilm.""Hambridge,"
KAh"KIT"Press,">??[."
"
Sitney,"P."Adams.""Xilm"Hulture"<eader.""eew"gorkh"
Hooper"SOuare"Publishers,">???."
"
Sitney,"P."Adams.""Visionary"Xilmh"The"American"
Avant!Larde"in"the">?th"Hentury.""eew"gorkh"dxford"
Eniversity"Press,">??>."
"
RESOURCES – WEB SITES
Vright"1ights,"a"San"Xrancisco!based"online"film"
Nournal"!"httphTTwww.brightlightsfilm.com
"
Hanyon"Hinema"W"A"San"Xrancisco"resource"for"avant!
garde"film"!"httphTTwww.canyoncinema.com""
Xilm!KakersJ"Hooperative"PTheQ"!"A"eew"gork"Vased"
resources"for"Experimental"film"!"httphTTwww.film!
makerscoop.com""
HyberHinemah"An"Introduction"to"Xilm,"including"
avant"garde"cinema"!"
httphTTwww.miracosta.cc.ca.usThomeTgflorenTX!
avant.htm
"
Xilm"Arts"Xoundation,"with"information"on"how"to"
make"and"distribute"films"!"httphTTwww.filmarts.org
Xlicker"!"San"Xrancisco!based"Ueb"site"dedicated"to"
@
experimental"and"alternative"cinema"!"httphTTwww.hi!
beam.netTcgi!binTflicker.pl
"
Kovies"Enlimited"W"A"source"for"purchasing"films"of"
all"kinds"!"httphTTwww.moviesunlimited.com
"
dther"Hinema,"a"San"Xrancisco"based"organiZation"
that"screen"and"distributes"experimental"film"!"
httphTTwww.othercinema.com
"
Pacific"Xilm"Archive"!"
httphTTwww.bampfa.berkeley.edu""
"
San"Xrancisco"HinematiOue"!"a"showcase"for"
experimental"film"and"cinema"!"
httphTTwww.sfcinematheOue.orgT""
"
San"Xrancisco"Xilm"Society"!"httphTTwww.sffs.org
"
Stark,"Scott"!"httphTTwww.scottstark.com""
!
VIDEO RESOURCES
Vleu"Shut,"by"<obert"eelson."Hity"1imits"Xilms"
jBY`?k,"ES"P[["min.Q"Holor"
"
Vertical"<oll,"by"foan"fonas"jBY`>k"ES"P>B"min.Q"Holor
"
1#age"dJdr,"by"1uis"Vucuel"and"Salvador"Gali.!"
jBY[?k"Xrance"P_>"min.Q,"Vlack"C"Uhitel"in"Xrench"!"no"
English"subtitles."
"
The"Seashell"and"the"Hlergyman,"by"Lermaine"Gulac,"
written"by"Antonin"Artaud"jBY>ak"Xrench,"produced"
in"England"P@a"min.Q"Vlack"C"Uhitel"Silent"with"
musical"scorel"title"cards"in"Xrench"
"
Kr."Xrenhofer"and"The"Kinotaur,"written"and"
directed"by"Sidney"Peterson,"produced"by"Uorkshop"
>?!jcBY^Yk"ES"P>B"min.Q,"Vlack"C"Uhite"
"
En"Hhien"Andalou,"by"1uis"Vucuel!!based"on"a"
scenario"by"Salvador"Gali"and"1uis"Vucuel"jBY>Ymk""
Xrance"PB_"min.Qh"Vlack"C"Uhitel"in"Xrench"with"
English"subtitles
"
dur"1ady"of"the"Sphere,"by"1arry"fordan!jBY_Yk"E.S.""
"PY"min.Qh"Holour"l"Triacetate"printl"Hollage"animation"
"
The"Vlood"of"a"Poet,"written"and"directed"by"fean"
Hocteau"jBY[?k"Xrance"P@["min.Qh"Vlack"C"Uhitel"in"
Xrench"with"English"subtitles"
"
Gerek"farman"!"A"complete"list"of"films"by"
contemporary"filmmaker"Gerek"farman"can"be"found"
at"httphTTNclarkmedia.comTNarman""
"
Empire,"by"Andy"Uarhol,"jBY_^k"ES"Pa"hrs,"@"min.Q"
Vlack"C"Uhitel"Silent""
GanteJs"nuartet,"by"Stan"Vrakhage,"jBYa`k"ES"P`"min.Q"
Holor"""
"
Angel"Veach,"by"Scott"Stark,"j>??Bk"ES"P>@"min.Q"
Holorl"Silent"
"
BAY AREA RESOURCES
ArtistJs"Television"Access"
An"organiZation"providing"eOuipment,"education,"
and"a"screening"venue"for"independent"film"and"
video"to"artists"and"the"community"in"San"Xrancisco."
YY>"Valencia"Street"
San"Xrancisco,"HA"Y^BB?"
P^B@Q"a>^![aY?"
httphTTwww.atasite.org""
"
Hanyon"Hinema"
dne"of"the"best"film"resources"in"the"ES,"including"a"
vast"Ouantity"of"experimental,"avant!garde,"and"
independent"films"for"rent"and"sale.""
B^@"einth"Street,"Suite">_?""
San"Xrancisco,"HA"Y^B?[""
^B@!_>_!>>@@""
httphTTwww.canyoncinema.comTrentsale.html""
"
The"Pacific"Xilm"Archive"
>@`@"Vancroft"Uay,"Verkeley,"HA"
Leneral"Information"P>^!hourQh"P@B?Q"_^>!?a?a""
PXA"Program"Information"P>^!hourQh"P@B?Q"_^>!BB>^""
httphTTwww.bampfa.berkeley.edu
"
San"Xrancisco"Art"Institute"
The"SXAIJs"Ualter"and"KcVean"Lalleries"and"the"
KcVean"Gistinguished"1ecture"Series"regularly"
feature"Honceptual"Artists"and"topics"and"are"open"to"
the"public."a??"Hhestnut"Street,"Pbtwn"1eavenworth"C"
fones"Sts.Q"San"Xrancisco,"HA"Y^B[["
^B@T``B!`?>?"
Emailh"sfaiinfoosfai.edu"
httphTTwww.sfai.eduTdatabaseTpubprog.htm
SPARK Educator Guide – Kerry Laitala
_
"
SX"HinematheOue
Showcase"of"experimental"film"and"video"
B^@"einth"St.,"Suite">^?"
San"Xrancisco,"HA"Y^B?["
^B@T@@>.BYY?"
httphTTwww.sfcinematheOue.orgT""
"
San"Xrancisco"Kuseum"of"Kodern"Art"
The"SXKoKA"has"a"large"permanent"collection"as"
well"as"continuing"visiting"exhibitions"featuring"
works"of"Honceptual"Art."""
B@B"Third"Street"Pbtwn"Marrison"C"Kission"StsQ""
San"Xrancisco,"HA"Y^B?["
httphTTwww.sfmoma.org
"
San"fose"Kuseum"of"Art"
The"SfKoKA"has"a"permanent"collection"as"well"as"
continuing"visiting"exhibitions"featuring"works"of"
Honceptual"Art."""
BB?"South"Karket"Street"
San"fose,"HA"Y@BB["
^?aT>`B!_a^?"!">^!hour"<ecorded"Info"W"^?aT>Y^!>`a`"
httphTTwww.sNmusart.org""
"
gerba"Vuena"Henter"for"the"Arts"
An"acclaimed"arts"center"and"theater"that"presents"
exciting"local"artists"in"context"with"their"national"and"
international"peersl"and"provide"the"Vay"Area"with"an"
eclectic"and"wide!ranging"slate"of"exciting"
exhibitions,"performances,"films"and"educational"
programs.""
`?B"Kission"Street,"San"Xrancisco,"HA"Y^B?["
^B@TY`a.A<TS"P>`a`Q"
httphTTwww.ybca.org""
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
SPARK Educator Guide – Kerry Laitala
`
SECTION III – VOCABULARY
VdHAVE1A<g"C"HdeHEPTS"Ie"TME"SPA</"STd<g""
"
!"#$!%&'($")'&!
The"early"Acme"motion"picture"proNector"was"widely"
used"in"the"BY>?s"and"patented"in"BYBa."The"flame"
lighting"Acme"proNector"created"the"flickering"effect"
that"can"be"seen"in"/erry"1aitalaJs"work."The"flicker"
of"the"first"film"in"the"Kuse"series"is"caused"by"the"
shutter"which"is"in"front"of"the"lens"in"the"proNector."
The"original"light"source"was"a"large"light"bulb"that"
has"been"replaced"with"a"modern"bulb"and"fixture"
from"a"new"proNector."""
"
!*"+$#,!
A"miraculous"power"or"transformationl"a"term"
derived"from"the"chemistry"of"the"middle"ages"
which"combined"science,"philosophy"and"magic."The"
term"alchemy"is"used"in"the"story"as"a"philosophic"
metaphor"of"changing"base,"common"materials"into"
something"precious"and"rare.
-$**.*'/0!
A"thermoplastic"composed"essentially"of"cellulose"
acetate"or"ester"PpolyesterQ"base."
!
-'#%*$1/),!
Gifficulty"or"complication"
"
2/&$")!"/3$#4!
In"contemporary"experimental"cinema"the"term"is"
used"to"refer"to"hand!made"film."As"illustrated"in"the"
/erry"1aitala"story,"this"involves"working"directly"
on"the"film,"scratching,"painting,"and"marking"the"
celluloid"directly"and"subseOuently"hand!processing"
the"film"without"the"use"of"a"camera."Sometimes"
called"G.I.g."or"\Go!It!gourself]"these"techniOues"
are"also"used"on"\found"footage]"!"footage"that"has"
already"exposed"and"processed.""Xound"footage"can"
be""#$n&!at"flea"markets,"archives"and"Ebay,"as"well"
as"schools"and"other"institutions"who"decide"to"
discard"old"films."
534#'&$0!
Hharmed"by,"taken"with,"fascinated"by"
SPARK Educator Guide – Kerry Laitala
"
51%$&/#$3)4*!6/*#!
Some"avant!garde"or"alternative"films"are"called"
\experimental,]"a"term"populariZed"by"Gavid"Hurtis"
in"his"text!'()e+imen.al!1inema!PBY`BQ.""Experimental"
film"is"an"approach"to"filmmaking"that"embodies"a"
very"different"aesthetic"from"conventional"or"
commercial"cinema."Experimental"filmmakers"are"
interested"in"film"as"a"visual"art"forml"they"are"
concerned"with"the"properties"of"film"and"the"
structure"and"surface"of"film,"rather"than"the"
representation"of"\reality]"andTor"narrative.
Xilmmaker"Lermaine"Gulac"wrote"in"BY>a"that"
avant!garde"film"was"\cinema"that"is"not"enslaved"
by"narrative"and"theater.]""Vut"as"Stan"Vrakhage"and"
others"have"confirmed,"experimental"film"is"not"Nust"
a"reaction"of"narrative"cinema.""The"intention"is"to"
position"the"viewer"is"a"different"way"i.e."at"a"more"
critical"and"self!conscious"distance."""
"
Experimental"films"are"to"be"distinguished"from"
avant!garde"narrative"cinema,"and"are"generally"
exhibited"in"\alternative]"venues,"often"in"university"
and"art"institute"settings."
httphTTwww.hi!beam.netTfl!defs.html""
7$3&$!
Hategories"and"classification"systems"that"identify"
recurring,"recogniZable"patterns,"subNect"matter"and"
techniOues"or"conventionsl"in"film,"generic"
classification"relates"to"one"or"more"of"the"following"
criteriah"setting,"content"and"subNect"matter,"theme,"
period,"plot,"narrative"structure,"style,"situations,"
recurring"icons,"characteriZation"and"often"stars.""
Some"of"the"most"common"film"genres"are"comedy,"
action,"thriller,"drama,"horror,"science"fiction,"epic,"
documentary,"crime,"musical"and"Uesterns."Kany"
films"straddle"several"film"genres,"such"as"a"romantic"
comedy."Experimental"film"can"be"seen"as"a"genre"
within"which"there"are"wide!ranging"approaches,"
but"in"broad"terms"the"conventions"work"as"
explained"above"under"'()e+imen.al!"ilm2"
"
a
849'&/'.:!
Arduous,"difficult,"hard"work"
"
849'&"/3)$3:/;$!
Associated"with"blue"collar"and"manual"work"
Physical"work"
"
84)$3)!/#4<$!
An"image"captured"on"film"but"not"yet"made"visible"
by"chemically"developing"the"film"
C4")/*/),!
Veing"tactile,"touchable,"tangible
=4/3:)&$4#!
Honventional,"established"in"terms"of"institutions,"
ideas"or"practices"
!
=$0/)4)/;$!
Thoughtful,"reflectivel"given"to"contemplation"
=$)+'0/"4*!
Systematic,"ordered,"logicall"clearly"organiZed"in"a"
seOuence"
"
=.:$!
Xrom"the"Lreek"myth,"a"muse"is"one"of"the"nine"
goddesses"of"the"arts"and"sciencesl"something,"a"
person"usually,"but"also"a"place"or"a"thing"that"
inspires"an"artist"in"their"work"
!
>9:'*$)$!
dut!of"date,"no"longer"used,"old!fashioned"
"
>&<43/"!
Xundamental"part"of"a"living"organismh"part"of"the"
structure"
"
?+')'<&4#!
The"process"of"laying"an"obNect"directly"on"paper"or"
light"sensitive"material"and"exposing"it"to"light"
!
?+,:/"4*/),!
Intensely"physical"orientationl"a"predominance"of"
the"physical"at"the"expense"of"the"mental,"spiritual,"
or"social"sensory"perceptions"
!
@$*6"$#%'A$&#$3)!
To"make"oneself"strong"and"confidentl"to"be"in"
control"of"oneself"
!
@$3:/)/B$0"
To"be"made"responsive"to"or"sensitive"to"Pe.g."camera"
film"sensitiZed"to"lightQ"
SPARK Educator Guide – Kerry Laitala
Y
"
SECTION IV – ENGAGING WITH SPARK
"
STAeGA<GS!VASEG"AHTIVITIES"AeG"GISHESSIde"PdIeTS"
"
51%*'&/3<!51%$&/#$3)4*!D/*#!
It"may"be"helpful"to"compare"experimental"film"to"
other"abstract"art"forms."Xor"example,"Kodernist"art"
Vegin"by"asking"students"to"explain"what"they"
understand"by"\mainstream]"or"\commercial]"
is"concerned"with"the"material"process"of"painting,"
cinema."Try"to"draw"out"the"following"elements"as"
the"paint,"brush"strokes"and"surface"of"the"canvas,"
fundamental"to"mainstream"production."
rather"than"narrative"or"figurative"representation."
Similarly"experimental"filmmakers,"although"as"
"
wide!ranging"as"abstract"artists"in"terms"of"personal"
! 1#mme+3ial!"ilm!i4!)+#&$3e&!"#+!ma44!en.e+.ainmen.!
vision,"are"interested"in"the"properties"of"film,"the"
! 56e!"ilm!in&$4.+7!i4!m#.iva.e&!97!)+#"i.!
surface"of"the"film"with"its"own"history,"scratches,"
! 1#mme+3ial!"ilm4!a+e!na++a.ive!in!4.+$3.$+e!"!.6e7!
dust"particles,"chemical"traces"and"light"sensitivity"
.ell!a!4.#+7!
etc."They"are"interested"in"the"rhythm"and"structure"
! :;.a+4<!a+e!3en.+al!.#!.6e!en.e+)+i4e!.#!a..+a3.!
of"successive"frames"that"create"this"illusion"we"call"
a$&ien3e4!
\cinema,]"rather"than"the"obNective"of"mainstream"
"
cinema,"which"is"to"offer"a"window"on"a"\real]"
Play"the"/erry"1aitala"story"on"SPA</"to"introduce"
world"through"an"invisible"medium."!
experimental"film"practice"to"students."To"offer"a"
sense"of"the"range"of"approaches"within"this"field,"
"
screen"another"example"or"two"of"other"experimental"
Encourage"students"to"suspend"Nudgment"in"their"
or"avant!garde"films,"such"as"those"by"Gerek"farman,"
responses"to"different"approaches"to"film"as"a"visual"
Andy"Uarhol,"1uis"Vucuel,"fean"Hocteau,"fean"1uc"
art,"and"invite"them"to"reflect"upon"the"ways"in"
which"the"work"is"uniOue,"challenging"or"evocative."
Loddard"or"Peter"Lreenaway,"which"are"available"
for"rent"or"purchase"Psee"E$:'.&"$:Q."Examples"of"
"
E58!C52!@C!F2!E2@
works"by"experimental"Super"a"filmmakers"such"as"
!GH@I!8!!EC@!
Stan"Vrakhage,"Scott"Stark"or"/enneth"Anger"visit"
!"
Lrade"^"
!B.?"A<TISTIH"PE<HEPTIde"
httphTTwww.hi!beam.netThi!beamTmiddle_feet.html"!"
although"an"amm"or"B_mm"proNector"would"need"to"
!B.@"Gescribe"and"analyZe"the"elements"of"art"Pcolor,"shapeTform,"line,"
texture,"space"and"valueQ,"emphasiZing"form,"as"they"are"used"in"works"of"
be"rented"to"screen"many"of"these"movies."Hanyon"
!art"and"found"in"the"environment."
Hinema"in"San"Xrancisco"rents"the"films"and"the"
!"
necessary"eOuipment.
!Lrade"_"
>.?"H<EATIVE"EbP<ESSIde"
!>.B"Ese"various"observational"drawing"skills"to"depict"a"variety"of"subNect"
"
!matter"
Invite"students"to"respond"to"the"following"
"
Ouestionsh"
!Lrade"a"
"
!B.?"A<TISTIH"PE<HEPTIde"
B.B"Ese"artistic"terms"when"describing"the"intent"and"content"of"works"of"
"art."
! 1#mmen.!#n!.6e!l##=!#"!.6e4e!e(am)le4!#"!
e()e+imen.al!"ilm!>!.6e!g+ain!!.e(.$+e!!3la+i.7!#"!
"^.?"AESTMETIH"VA1EIeL"
!^.>"Gevelop"a"theory"about"the"artist#s"intent"in"a"series"of"works"of"art,"
image!!vi4$al!e""e3.4!!a))+#a36!.#!+e)+e4en.a.i#n!an&!
using"reasoned"statements"to"support"personal"opinions."
!^.["Honstruct"an"interpretation"of"a"work"of"art"based"on"the"form"and"
+eali4m!e.32!
!content"of"the"work.""
! 1#mmen.!#n!.6e!4$9@e3.!ma..e+!#+!3#n.en.!
""
!Lrade"Y!B>"Proficient""
! A#w!a33e44i9le!i4!.6e!ma.e+ialC!
"B.?"A<TISTIH"PE<HEPTIde"
! 1#mmen.!#n!.6e!&i+e3.#+D4!)e+4#nal!vi4i#n!#+!
B.["<esearch"and"analyZe"the"work"of"an"artist"and"write"about"the"artistJs"
in.en.i#n!in!ma=ing!.6i4!"ilm!
"distinctive"style"and"its"contribution"to"the"meaning"of"the"work."
B.@"AnalyZe"the"material"used"by"a"given"artist"and"describe"how"its"use"
!
influences"the"meaning"of"the"work."
"
"
"SPARK Educator Guide – Kerry Laitala
"
"
"
""""""""""B?"
To"broaden"studentsJ"appreciation"of"experimental"
film"and"its"history,"ask"them"to"research"deE"of"the"
following"topics"and"write"a"B,???!word"essay."
"
! 5+a3e!.6e!6i4.#+7!#"!e()e+imen.al!"ilm!in!.6e!E;!in!
.6e!FG.6!3en.$+7!"
! He43+i9e!.6e!w#+=!an&!)e+4#nal!vi4i#n!#"!Ie++7!
Jai.ala!KR!an#.6e+!3#n.em)#+a+7!!e()e+imen.al!
"ilmma=e+!
! Hi43$44!.6e!'$+#)ean!avan."ga+&e!in!"ilm!in!.6e!
MNOG4!P!MNQG4!
! He43+i9e!.6e!36a+a3.e+i4.i34!!&i""e+en3e4!an&!
4imila+i.ie4!#"!avan."ga+&e!"ilm!3#m)a+e&!.#!
main4.+eam!"ilm!!$4ing!4)e3i"i3!"ilm4!a4!e(am)le4!
!
The"last"topic"may"interest"BBth"or"B>th"grade"students"
who"would"enNoy"researching"the"European"film"
world."\Avant!garde]"was"a"Xrench"term"popular"in"
Europe"in"the"BY_?s"and"`?s"for"a"group"of"people,"
usually"in"the"arts,"who"were"in"advance"of"their"
time,"leading"the"way"in"creative"ideas"and"
innovative"cultural"practices."In"film,"this"movement"
embraced"a"wide"range"of"aesthetic"and"ideological"
approaches,"many"of"which"positioned"film"as"a"
radical"and"counter"culture"practice."Experimental"
film"may"be"seen"as"a"sub!genre"of"this"avant!garde"
movement"or"what"is"termed"\alternative]"or"
\underground]"cinema"in"the"ESA"today."
"
Ensure"students"have"an"opportunity"to"share"their"
findings"by"reading"extracts"from"their"essays"or"
presenting"an"overview"or"summary"of"their"
research"for"discussion.""
"
E58!C52!@C!F2!E2@!
GH@I!8!!EC@!
"
Lrades"Y!B>"Advanced"
>.?"H<EATIVE"EbP<ESSIde"
>.B"Hreate"original"works"of"art"of"increasing"complexity"and"
skill"in"a"variety"of"media"that"reflect"their"feelings"and"points"
of"view.""
[.?"MISTd<IHA1"C"HE1TE<A1"HdeTEbTS""
[.>"Identify"contemporary"artists"worldwide"who"have"
achieved"regional,"national,"or"international"recognition"and"
discuss"ways"in"which"their"work"reflects,"plays"a"role"in,"and"
influences"present!day"culture.""
^.?"AESTMETIH"VA1EIeL"
^.B"Gescribe"the"relationship"involving"the"art"maker"PartistQ,"
the"making"PprocessQ,"the"artwork"PproductQ,"and"the"viewer."
^.>"Identify"the"intentions"of"artists"creating"contemporary"
works"of"art"and"explore"the"implications"of"those"intentions."
"
"
"SPARK Educator Guide – Kerry Laitala
"
@?!EJ85EK!
pSuggest"that"students"try"to"attend"the"San"
Xrancisco"Art"Institute#s"<egular"amm"Xilm"Xestival,"
co!presented"by"the"SX"HinematheOue,"to"get"a"flavor"
of"the"enthusiasm"and"aesthetic"concerns"of"Super"a"
filmmakers."
!
L430:">3!!")/;/)/$:!
/erry"1aitala"is"interested"in"the"craft"of"filmmaking,"
hand"crafting"images"on"film"frame!by!frame"and"
hand!processing"her"film.""As"she"explains,"she"
enNoys"the"\tactility]"of"film."
"
aQ"Invite"students"to"draw"or"paint"an"image"on"a"
chosen"theme,"which"can"be"freely"interpreted."
Alternatively"they"could"photocopy"an"image"from"a"
newspaper,"magaZine"or"Nournal"or"download"and"
print"an"image"from"their"computer."Ask"students"to"
\enhance]"their"image"with"watercolors,"pens,"
pencils,"pastels,"charcoal"or"crayons,"allowing"them"
sufficient"time"to"explore"the"effect."Kove"on"to"
show"the"group"how"to"make"a"slide"of"their"image"
using"a"[@"mm"camera"W"visit"the"Ueb"site"A#w!.#"
Ra=e!;li&e4!#"!S#$+!Pain.ing"for"detailed"guidance"on"
this"process"
httphTTpainting.about.comTcsTcareerdevelopmentThtT
MowtoqSlides.htattendm
""
Esing"a"slide"proNector"organiZe"a"slide"show"to"
showcase"the"work"and"invite"students"to"comment"
on"their"artwork."
"
bQ"If"students"produce"a"number"Pa"or"moreQ"
drawings"or"images"around"the"theme,"consider"
scanning"the"images"to"digitiZe"them."Import"the"
scanned"images"into"a"computer"program"such"as"
iKdVIE"PKac"specific"applicationQ"and"seOuence"
them"into"a"timeline."Suggest"that"students"record"a"
voiceover"or"soundtrack"to"go"with"their"image"
seOuence,"which"explains"their"vision,"feelings"or"
thoughts"about"the"images."This"can"be"a"poem,"
descriptive,"reflective"or"narrative"piece.""
"
Helebrate"this"work"with"a"group"screening."PSince"
artwork"can"be"very"personal"or"exposing,"it"may"be"
appropriate"to"respect"individual"reticence"about"
sharing"a"piece.Q"
"
cQ"Grawing"directly"on"1aitalaJs"work,"ask"students"
to"bring"in"negatives"from"photographs"that"are"no"
"
"
"
""""""""""BB"
longer"going"to"be"used"to"make"prints.""Play"the"
segments"of"the"SPA</"story"on"/erry"1aitala"that"
focus"on"her"handcrafting"process,"and"then"invite"
students"to"paint,"scratch,"outline,"scrape,"write"or"
draw"on"the"negatives."If"there"is"time"ask"students"
to"work"on"the"negatives"as"a"strip."
"
Place"the"negatives"on"a"light"box"or"shine"a"light"
through"the"negatives"so"that"students"can"view"the"
effect"and"talk"about"what"they"see."
"
edTEh"It"is"possible"to"use"old"film"stock"for"this"
exercise"but"the"effects"can"be"disappointing"and"
students"would"need"to"work"on"both"sides"of"the"
negatives"to"produce"a"clear"effect."
"
@?!EJ85E@K!
pSuggest"that"students"construct"a"pinhole"camera."
They"can"be"made"out"of"any"light"tight"containers,"
such"as"shoeboxes,"oatmeal"boxes,"film"cans,"or"
specially"made"containers."Xor"clear"instructions"
visit"the"following"Ueb"Sites"
httphTTwww.astro.wisc.eduTrmuklukTpin.html
httphTTwww.fi.eduTpiecesTmyersTshoebox.html
"
pIf"students"have"access"to"a"darkroom"with"an"
enlarger,"introduce"them"to"the"photogram"!"a"form"
of"photographic"silhouette"art."/erry"1aitala"
demonstrates"producing"a"photogram"in"the"SPA</"
story,"although"she"uses"her"own"process."Visit"the"
following"site"for"guidance."
httphTTwww.fi.eduTpiecesTmyersTphotogram.html
"
"
Kan"<ay"
PEmmanuel"
"
<udnitZkyQ."
Ra7#g+a)6."BY>>."
"
Lelatin"silver"print."
"
Kuseum"of"Kodern"
Art."Lift"of"fames"
"
Thrall"Soby."s">??>"
"
Kan"<ay"<ay"
TrustTArtists"<ights"
"
Society"PA<SQ,"eew"
"
gorkTVL"Vild!
/unst,"Vonn
"
"
A"photogram"is"a"picture"made"on"photographic"
paper"without"the"aid"of"a"camera."Kany"artists"
make"photograms,"including"Kan"<ay"PbelowQ.""To"
make"the"one"below,"<ay"exposed"the"paper"light"
multiple"times,"each"time"placing"different"obNects"on"
the"paper,"which"act"like"stencils.""In"the"case"of"the"
image"below,"<ay"included"hands,"a"couple"kissing,"
"
"
"SPARK Educator Guide – Kerry Laitala
"
and"darkroom"trays."Uith"each"exposure,"the"paper"
darkens"where"it"was"not"masked"by"an"obNect."""
"
2H7HC!8!@?!EJ85EK!
pIf"students"enNoy"the"iKovie"activity,"encourage"
them"to"find"out"about"digital"stories"at"
httphTTdsi.kOed.org"!"digital"technology"is"used"to"
create"stories"\by"weaving"images,"music,"narrative"
and"voice"together.]"
"
E$:$4&"+/3<!)+$!8'"4*!@"$3$!
Invite"students"to"work"in"small"groups"to"explore"
experimental"film"in"the"Vay"Area."Each"group"
should"focus"on"one"aspect"of"this"research"proNect."
! Uho"are"the"Vay"Area"experimental"filmmakersm"
Gescribe"their"work"
! Uhere"do"they"workm"
! Uhere"do"they"exhibitm"
! Uhat"other"experimental"film"is"exhibitedm"
! Uhat"organiZations"in"the"Vay"Area"support"this"
workm"
"
Extend"the"activity"to"include"not"only"film,"but"also"
experimental"art"installations"using"film"or"video."
"
Students"should"include"the"following"exhibition"
venues"in"their"research"ArtistsJ"Television"Access,"
Uerepad"Kovie"1ounge,"Pacific"Xilm"Archive,"gerba"
Vuena"Henter,"and"SX"HinematheOue"Psee"E$:'.&"$!
sectionQ."
"
Xor"art"installations"using"film,"and"for"screenings"of"
art"films,"visit"San"Xrancisco"Kuseum"of"Kodern"
Art,"San"fose"Institute"of"Hontemporary"Art,"or"
gerba"Vuena"Henter"
"
Voth"the"Ua7!V$a+&ian"and"Ha.e9##="in"the"Sunday"
San"Xrancisco"Hhronicle"list"current"shows."
"
Invite"each"group"to"write"up"their"research"and"then"
compile"a"class"listing"of"experimental"filmmakers,"
their"work,"exhibition"spaces,"what"is"on"show,"
support"organiZations,"as"well"as"venues"that"exhibit"
experimental"art"installations"using"film"and"video."
"
Esing"this"information"suggest"that"students"attend"
a"screening"of"an"experimental"film"at"one"of"the"
venues"they"have"identified"or"view"an"art"exhibit"
that"incorporates"film"or"video."Encourage"them"to"
"
"
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collect"publications"about"the"work"that"is"available"
at"the"venue."
"
drganiZe"a"discussion"group"for"students"to"talk"
about"what"they"have"seen"and"their"feelings"about"
the"work."Uhat"have"they"learnedm"Uhat"have"they"
enNoyedm"
"
"
"E58!C52!@C!F2!E2@!
8!F7I!75!!EC@""
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"
"Lrades"Y"C"B?""
"B.?"1ISTEeIeL"AeG"SPEA/IeL"ST<ATELIES"
"B.B"Xormulate"Nudgments"about"the"ideas"under"discussion"
and"support"those"Nudgments"with"convincing"evidence."
"
B.?"U<ITIeL"ST<ATELIES
"B.B"Establish"a"controlling"impression"or"coherent"thesis"that"
"conveys"a"clear"and"distinctive"perspective"on"the"subNect"and"
"maintain"a"consistent"tone"and"focus"throughout"the"piece"of"
writing."
"
B.["Ese"clear"research"Ouestions"and"suitable"research"
"methods"Pe.g.,"library,"electronic"media,"personal"interviewQ"to"
"elicit"and"present"evidence"from"primary"and"secondary"
"sources.""
"
"
"
" Xor"more"information"about"SPA</"and"its"
" educational"content,"including"the"Visual"C"
" Performing"Arts"Standards,"visit"the"Ueb"site"at"
httphTTwww.kOed.orgTsparkTeducation."
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!
E58!C52!@C!F2!E2@!
GH@I!8!!EC@!
"
Lrades"Y!B>"Proficient"
B.?"A<TISTIH"PE<HEPTIde"
B.["<esearch"and"analyZe"the"work"of"an"artist"and"write"
about"the"artist#s"distinctive"style"and"its"contribution"to"the"
meaning"of"the"work."
B.@"AnalyZe"the"material"used"by"a"given"artist"and"describe"
how"its"use"influences"the"meaning"of"the"work."
"
[.?"MISTd<IHA1"AeG"HE1TE<A1"HdeTEbT"
[.>"Identify"and"describe"the"role"and"influence"of"
new"technologies"on"contemporary"works"of"art.""
"
Lrades"Y!B>"Advanced""
>.?"H<EATIVE"EbP<ESSIde"
>.B"Hreate"original"works"of"art"of"increasing"
complexity"and"skill"in"a"variety"of"media"that"
reflect"their"feelings"and"points"of"view.""
>.["Assemble"and"display"obNects"or"works"of"art"as"
part"of"a"public"exhibition.""
>.@"Ese"innovative"visual"metaphors"in"creating"
works"of"art."
"
^.?"AESTMETIH"VA1EIeL"
^.B"Gescribe"the"relationship"involving"the"art"
maker"PartistQ,"the"making"PprocessQ,"the"artwork"
PproductQ,"and"the"viewer."
^.>"Identify"the"intentions"of"artists"creating"
contemporary"works"of"art"and"explore"the"
implications"of"those"intentions."
"
@.?"HdeeEHTIdeS,"<E1ATIdeSMIPS,"APP1IHATIdeS"
@.B"Speculate"on"how"advances"in"technology"
might"change"the"definition"and"function"of"the"
visual"arts.""
"
"
"
"
"
"
" Xor"more"information"about"the"Halifornia"Visual"
" C"Performing"Arts"Standards,"visit"the"HA"Gept."
"
of"Education"at"
"
httphTTwww.cde.ca.govTbeTstTssTindex.asp.""
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"SPARK Educator Guide – Kerry Laitala
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