From Cornwall to Eldorado

From Cornwall to Eldorado
Peter Prevos and Sue Brewer-Prevos
Third
Hemisphere
Publishing
CC Peter Prevos and Sue Brewer-Prevos (2010)
Third Hemisphere Publishing, Kangaroo Flat
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only under the same or similar license to this one.
Typeset in LATEX.
Title page design by Luke Brewer.
Contact details: Peter Prevos, [email protected], Sue Brewer-Prevos, [email protected].
This book is dedicated to Vince Brewer,
who would have celebrated his 100th birthday this year.
Contents
Preface
v
1 Introduction
1
2 William Brewer & Elizabeth Francis
Teenager moves to the New World
5
3 William Ellen & Sarah Ann Crack
Gold fever in the Victorian hills
10
4 David Brewer & Rosa-Jane Ellen
How an accident with an axe destroys a family
15
5 William Henry Gribble & Mary Teresa Grenville
Cornish mining family looking for a new horizon
20
6 Ellen Higgins
The pressures of family shame and taboo
25
7 George Albert Gribble & Elizabeth Higgins
The tragedies of war
30
8 Eldorado
33
References
36
Index of Family Names
37
iv
Preface
are an important
aspect of being human. For the generations before us, family relationships formed
the foundation of social reality. Heritage and
origins were the main categories in which people were placed and judged. In contemporary society these relationships have lost their
meaning as more emphasis is placed on individual achievement than on origin. This is one
of the reasons that family history has become
so popular in recent decades. Due to the reduced importance of origin and heritage, people are searching for their origins in order to
find the answer to the ultimate question: “Who
am I?”
The development of this family history has
its own history. Interest in the origins of the
Brewer family was sown in the mid 1990s
when Sue received family history information from her cousin Marie Wickenton, which
formed the foundation of this family history.
A collection of birth, marriage and death
certificates and family lore helped to move the
research further and deeper. In 1999, while
living in the Netherlands, the research became
more serious and a lot of information was
sourced from the Internet, which is also a great
place to meet fellow researchers.
Some research was also conducted in a
Family History Research Centre in the Netherlands. These centres are managed by the
Church of Jesus Christ Latter Day Saints who
F
take family history so seriously it is actually a
part of their religion.
Highlight of the research adventure was a
two week visit to Cornwall in search of physical traces of the Brewer ancestors. This pilgrimage to the ancestral lands involved exploring church yards, looking for headstones
of distant relatives, and delving into paper
records and microfilm in the local archives.
This book would have been impossible
without the help of many other family history
researchers, who are also distant relatives.
When spending some time in the County
Records Office in Truro we accidentally met
Paul Brewer, who generously handed us a
floppy disk containing his complete Brewer
family research. We would also like to thank,
in no particular order, Margaret Owens and her
sister Marilyn Mapstone, Linda Mackie, Rita
Magris, Judy Davis, Bill Gribble, Margaret
Campbell and Maria Brandl, Jack Brewer and
Alma Brewer and many others. Without these
people this book could not have been written.
A family history is never complete and
many thousands of records are waiting to be
discovered in archives in the United Kingdom,
Ireland and Australia.
This book is only a snapshot of the available information. More information on further generations than described in this book is
available on-line at razgirl.prevos.net.
AMILY CONNECTIONS
v
Chapter 1
Introduction
describes the immediate ancestors of the Eldorado clan
of the Brewer-Gribble family. Their greatgrandparents, great-great-grandparents and
great by three grandparents moved from England, Ireland and Scotland to Australia in the
middle of the nineteenth century in search of
a better life overseas. This book briefly describes their lives and the lives of their descendants.
The social situation in England and Scotland during the Victorian era was, despite
the great wealth accumulated through the
colonies, quite miserable for most people. The
novels of Charles Dickens provide an insight
into the lives of the common people in those
days. People were living in deplorable conditions, with crippling poverty and strict social
stratification preventing them opportunities to
improve their lives. Immigration was for many
the only means to escape these conditions.
Many Scottish emigrants were motivated
due to the land clearance system, whereby
landlords would forcefully eject tenants.
Those in Ireland were the worst off. The
cruel system of distraint, whereby small farmers would be forced to pay rent with their produce, caused a lot of misery. The tragic Potato
Famine of 1836 was, however, the greatest
factor to drive immigration.
In the Victorian era, that lasted for most of
the nineteenth century, around fifteen million
T
emigrants left the United Kingdom and Ireland and settled mostly in the United States,
Canada, and Australia.
The ancestors of the Brewer-Gribble family,
and the thousands of other people that went
before them, were the first wave of economic
boat refugees to land in Australia.
HIS FAMILY HISTORY
§
§
§
Several themes emerge in this family history.
Most important driver for the migrant ancestors of the Brewer-Gribble family was the Victorian Gold Rush that erupted in 1852. Several ancestors tried to carve out a living by
potholing the landscape in search of the precious metal.
The two World Wars are another thread
through the lives of these families. Many sons
left for Europe and Asia to fight against the
axis of evil of the time. Most of them returned, but some lost their lives in the struggle
for freedom.
The most important theme of this book is
the connection between people. Human beings are ‘social animals’ and it is often said
the blood runs thicker than water. We prefer
to live in groups, enjoying each others emotional and physical support. We are connected
through ‘blood’ and cultural origins.
Family connections also played a great role
in the lives of the Brewer-Gribble ancestors.
Shirley Abbott expressed this poetically:
1
We all grow up with the weight
of history on us. Our ancestors dwell
in the attics of our brains as they do
in the spiralling chains of knowledge
hidden in every cell of our bodies.
This history starts with sixteen of the multitude of brave people from England, Scotland and Ireland that moved to Australia in the
nineteenth century. They form the beginnings
of the Eldorado clan of the Brewer-Gribble
family.
This book is divided into three parts. In the
first part, the Brewer side of the family is explored. The second part describes the lives of
the Gribble side of the family. The end of the
journey is a short description of the BrewerGribble family and the town of Eldorado that
they consider their family base.
One aspect of the importance of family connections is the systematic naming of children
so that first names travel through the generations. In the Brewer line of the family there
are quite a few Richards and Williams.
Names were also frequently ‘recycled’
within the one family. It was not uncommon
for a child to be named the same as a sibling
that died earlier.
This tradition shows strongly in the
Nankervis branch of the family. In five
consecutive generations, names of deceased
children were re-used for younger ones. Eliza
Jane Nankervis, who married Elijah Gribble,
had two sisters named Mary Ann born in
consecutive years. Eliza’s father Thomas had
two siblings with reused names. In his family
there were two Johns and two Graces.
The practice of reusing names slowly died
out in the nineteenth century. Due to the
fact that parents became more emotionally invested in their young children as the chances
of survival increased due to advances in medical science. In our contemporary society, the
reusing of names would be unthinkable.
Family and origin are important bonding aspects in our social lives. From this family history it becomes apparent that first generation
Cornish immigrants preferred the company of
other Cornish people.
This family was also bound by the taboos
of their times. This is no more tragically
demonstrated by the misery experienced by
the women that give birth to children outside
of wedlock.
Strachan
Harkness
Higgins
Crack
Player
Brewer
Gribble
Nankervis
Ellen
Grenville
Parker
Francis
Origins of the Brewer-Gribble ancestors
The ancestors of the Brewer-Gribble family arrived in Australia from different places in
what was then the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland. They all congregated in
the Beechworth area, attracted by the lure of
gold.
2
William Brewer (1846–1927), from a Cornish family of mariners, moved to Australia
from Padstow in Cornwall when he was a
teenager. He joined his older brothers and sister, who had been in Australia since the gold
rush days. He met fellow Cornish immigrant
Elizabeth Francis (1841–1918) from Penryn,
with whom he had six children (Chapter 2),
one of which was David Brewer.
Third ancestor that moved to Australia was
Sarah Ann Crack (1847–1933), who left Norfolk with her mother and stepfather and arrived in Australia in 1853. Her first husband
Charles Godwin died after only seven years
of marriage and she married William Ellen
(1828–1911), who moved to Australia from
Dover in Kent (Chapter 3).
Their daughter Rosa-Jane Ellen (1882–
1957) marries the above mentioned David
Brewer (1876–1930) and they have eight children (Chapter 4), one of which is Vince
Brewer.
§ § §
The Gribble side of the family were Cornish
miners that moved to Australia and other parts
of the globe after tin and copper mining in
Cornwall went into decline. Elijah Gribble
(1837–1923) left his native Creegbrawse in
1858 and moved to Beechworth to try his luck
in gold mining. His future wife Eliza Jane
Nankervis (1847–1923) was ten years younger
than Elijah.
She moved from Saint Just in Cornwall to
Australia in 1857 with her parents Thomas
Nankervis (1809–1868) and Elizabeth Ellis
(1809–1867) and her younger brothers and sisters.
Elijah and Eliza’s son William Henry
Gribble (1866–1923) marries Mary Teresa
Grenville (1870–1955), who was also born in
Australia.
Her parents, Thomas Hughes Grenville
(1833–1909), a butcher from Brighton, and
Elizabeth Mary Player (1837–1915) from
London, met in Australia and married in Nine
Mile, near Chiltern (Chapter 5). William
Henry and Mary Theresa had eleven children, one of which was George Albert Gribble
(1897–1967).
John Higgins from Dublin (1803–1869) and
Tryphena Parker (1827–1898) from Hastings,
moved to Australia before the gold rush and
originally settled in New South Wales to work
on a cattle run, where their oldest son William
Thomas Higgins (1842–1924) was born.
William marries Mary Strachan (1850–
1917), the daughter of Scottish immigrants
John Strachan (born 1840) and Elizabeth
Harkness (1816–1881) that moved to Australia from Dumfries, some years before the
gold rush started (Chapter 6).
Ellen Higgins (1873–1942), daughter of
William Thomas and Mary Strachan, had a
hard life as she gave birth to three children outside of wedlock.
One of these was Elizabeth Higgins (1899–
1970), who marries the above mentioned
George Albert Gribble (Chapter 7). They had
six children, one of which is Alma Gribble.
This family history ends when Vince
Brewer and Alma Gribble marry in 1947, thus
forming the foundation of this family.
More than half a century later, the family is no longer concentrated around NorthEast Victoria, but has moved around Victoria,
Queensland and Western Australia.
3
Immigrant ancestors of the Brewer-Gribble family.
4
Elizabeth
Ellis
David
Brewer
David Godwin
Vincent Brewer
Rosa-Jane
Ellen
Mary
Strachan
John Elizabeth
Strachan Harkness
Ellen William James
Moore
Higgins
Elizabeth
Higgins
Unknown
Alma Maud
Gribble
Mary Theresa
Grenville
George Albert
Gribble
William Elizabeth Charles Sarah Ann William William Henry
Brewer Francis Godwin
Crack
Ellen
Gribble
Tryphena
Parker
William
Thomas
Higgins
John
Higgins
Thomas Elizabeth
Edward
Mary
Thomas Maria Jacob Elijah Eliza Jane Hughes
Cooke Crack Jessup Gribble Nankervis Grenville Player
Thomas
Nankervis
Chapter 2
William Brewer & Elizabeth Francis
Teenager moves to the New World
ence to its winding course.1 The river and the
ocean into which it flows played an important
role in the lives of all Padstonians and particularly William Brewer and his relatives.
In those days, the quays of Padstow were
bustling with business. Cargo was brought in
by sailing ships from across the British Empire and Padstow boasted six shipyards and a
packet service. The Padstow shipyards were
used to build and repair schooners,2 a versatile
type of ship that can be used for ocean voyages, coastal runs and on large lakes.
§ § §
William’s parents, John Brewer and Mary
Randall, lived in Stoptide in St Minver when
he was born.
John Brewer was christened on 19 June
1804 in Padstow and was, just like his father,
a mariner and shopkeeper.3 Mary, a farmer’s
daughter, was seven years younger than her
husband.
John captained the ferry from Padstow to
Black Rock, which had been in existence since
1337.4 John and Mary married on 22 November 1832 in St Minver5 and had eight children
in their sixteen years of marriage.
Mary died not long after the birth of their
daughter Margaret and was buried on 21
September 1848 in the St Enodoc’s Church
yard.6 Margaret did not survive for very long
after her mother and died when she was only
three months old.7
B REWER side of this Australian family starts with William from the parish
of Saint Minver in Cornwall, across the river
from Padstow. Cornwall, which forms the tip
of the south-west peninsula of the island of
Great Britain, is exposed to the full force of
the prevailing winds that blow in from the Atlantic Ocean. The rocky coastline gives rise in
many places to impressive cliffs and Padstow
forms a natural harbour in this rugged landscape.
T
HE
Padstow quay in 1999
In the nineteenth century, Padstow’s prosperity was closely related to the river Camel,
which rises on the edge of Bodmin Moor and
after about thirty miles issues into the Celtic
Sea. The name Camel derives from the Cornish language for ‘the crooked one’, a refer5
John was in need of a mother for his
younger children and married a year later to
Cecilia Ann Tonkin from the nearby inland
town of Bodmin.8
John tragically died on the river that was his
main source of income on 9 October 1860.9
Charley Nance, a prolific letter writer from
Padstow, wrote about John’s tragic death to his
brother William in Cardiff:
this mishap a great storm came and wrecked
many of the ships in the harbour and threw
up the sandbank that caused my ships to sink
from then on.12
“Captain Brewer, of Rock, died
very suddenly on Monday last while
crossing the Ferry from Rock. He
left home in the morning very well,
and died just as they got to the pier
head in Mr Derrick’s arms.”10
Parents of David Brewer
Elizabeth
Francis
William
Brewer
David Brewer
§ § §
William Brewer was christened in St Minver
on 14 February 184613 and moved to Australia, still in his teens.
William was, however, not the only member
of the Brewer family to move to the other side
of the world. Before him, three of his siblings
decided to make the move across the ocean to
the booming colonies. His two older sisters,
Ellen Christian and Mary stayed in Cornwall
where they married and had a family.
When William’s oldest brother John, born
on 17 August 1833 in St Minver,14 was 17 he
worked on a ship transporting sheep and cattle from Cornwall to New Zealand. He caught
wind of the gold rush in Victoria and relinquished the sea faring life to try his luck at
mining gold.15
At first he was in Ballarat, where he was
present during the infamous 1854 rebellion
by gold prospectors at the Eureka Stockade.
This outbreak of violence was prompted by
grievances over heavily priced mining items
and the behaviour of government officials, the
police and the military.16 After the riots he
sought his fortune in the Ovens goldfield and
moved to Beechworth.
He settled down and bought a dairy on
the Wooragee Road, about three miles from
This was, however, not the first time a member
of the Brewer family died on the water. John
Brewer’s headstone contains a reference to his
son David, who drowned at sea five years earlier:
Sacred / To the / Memory / of /
John Brewer / Shipowner of Rock in
this Parish who / departed this life on
the 9th day of Oct[obe]r / 1860 Aged
56 Years. / Also / To the memory of
/ David / Son of the above who was
drowned at / Sea on the 21st day of
March 1855 / Aged 17 Years //
Shipwrecks were not uncommon around Padstow and the Doom Bar, a treacherous sandbank between Padstow and Rock, has caused
over 600 shipwrecks since records began. According to local legend, the Doom Bar is the
result of a mermaid’s curse.11 The story goes
that a merry mermaid used to watch over the
vessels that sailed in and out of Padstow. One
day, she was shot by a fisherman and the mermaid’s curse was that the harbour would become desolate from that time on. Shortly after
6
Beechworth. He prospered and bought some
valuable properties in Wooragee where he
later resided. He owned a stone house and
farmhouse with eleven acres of land, plus a 17
acre farm in Beechworth.17
John married Charlotte Warren in Melbourne in 1854, with whom he had nine children. John died after an illness extending
over several months at the age of 83 in 1915,
one year after the couple celebrated their diamond wedding anniversary. Not long before
his death he still personally delivered milk to
his customers.
John was a pioneer of the Beechworth area
and a well respected resident, judging by the
detailed obituary in the The Ovens and Murray
Advertiser.18
William’s oldest sister, Hannah Jane
Brewer, was a housewife born in 1836 in
St Minver.19 Hannah Jane was living with
her mother until she met her future husband
John Waters Blewett, whom she married on
15 October 1861 in St Minver.20 John, son
of Gabriel Blewett and Jane Rickard, was a
builder and was born about 1824 in Madron,
Cornwall.
They left England not long after their marriage and arrived, after a journey of twenty
weeks, in Melbourne in January 1862 on the
Dover Castle.21 Not long after arriving in
Melbourne, John contracted double pneumonia and died after eight months of suffering
on 18 December 1862 in Fitzroy, aged 38.22
Her first year in Australia was an annus horibilis for Hannah, as her baby boy John, with
whom she was pregnant during the journey
from England, died in 1863 in Fitzroy.23
Hannah Jane remarried on 4 June 1867 in
Beechworth to Walter Paull, a Cornish miner
and farmer, born in St Agnes in 1832.24 This
was a second marriage for both Walter and
Hannah Jane and they raised five sons. Walter died of heart disease on 10 August 1886
in Bethanga and was buried after Wesleyan
rites in the Yackandandah cemetery. Hannah
Jane died at the age of 79 in Yackandandah in
1915.25
William Brewer (1846–1927)
Richard Randall (Randale) Brewer was the
third sibling to move to the great southern
land. Richard was a vegetable farmer, born
1840 in St Minver.26 In 1875 he married
Cassandra Parr from Derby in England27 and
had four children. After starting a dairy in
Malvern, he moved to Pinedale, a vegetable
farm, surrounded by beautiful pine trees, at
Leneva, just out of Wooragee.28 Richard
died from thyroid cancer on 14 April 1897 in
Fitzroy and was buried in Wodonga.29
§ § §
William Brewer migrated to Australia, following his two brothers and his sister, not long after their father died in the early 1860’s.
He eventually owned a seven acre orchard
at Wooragee. He grew apples, which he used
7
to store on the loft of his hay shed, and lots of
William Brewer, born in Wooragee on 5 Degooseberries. William used to make ‘jim jam’, cember 1871.33 He was married to Jane Eliza
a mix of all fruit and berries.30
(Janey) Boyes (Boyce), born around 1868.
Family lore holds that William owned a lot of
property in Melbourne. One anecdote illustrates that William was a tough man.
When his younger brother David (Chapter
4) died, he advised his sister in law to give the
younger kids away as they were a poor family.
William died at age 84 on 28 February 1956
in Richmond.34 Janey died at the age of 96 in
Collingwood.
§ § §
Mary Frances (Minnie) Brewer was born in
Beechworth in March 1873. Mary Frances
moved to Tasmania to work as a governess
and in 1898 married Robert Royden Campbell, sergeant in the Tasmanian Police, from
Strahan. Minnie died on 12 March 1958 in
Elizabeth Frances (1841–1918)
Tasmania. Her husband died four years later
at the age of 89.35
On 14 March 1871 William married Eliza§ § §
beth Francis, who was also from Cornish de- Ellen (Nellie) Brewer, born 1874 in Beechcent and arrived in Melbourne a year earlier on worth.36 Nellie married Edward Potts Palmer,
the Caduceus.31 At that time, William lived on born 1863 in Chewton, died 1928 in Clifton
the Yackandandah Road and Elizabeth lived Hill, aged 65. Nellie died in 1952 in Pascoe
in Beechworth. Elizabeth was born in 1841 Vale, aged 77.
in Penryn, on the south side of the Cornwall
§ § §
peninsula.
David Brewer, born on 1 May 1876 in WoorShe was the daughter of master mason and agee (Chapter 4 on page 15).
contractor John Francis and Mary Roger, a
§ § §
miller at Helland Mill in Mabe.
Elizabeth Brewer, born 1878 in Beechworth,37
Elizabeth died aged 77 on 10 October 1918 died 1951 in Royal Park, Melbourne, aged 73.
in Wooragee of senility and influenza and was Elizabeth was married to Andy Reeves, a widburied in Beechworth cemetery. She was one ower.
of the twelve thousand Australians that suc§ § §
cumbed to the Spanish flu pandemic that killed Anna Jane Francis (Janey) Brewer, born 1881
millions around the world.32
in Beechworth,38 deceased aged 72 1953 in
William, an old age pensioner by now, died Beechworth. Married to William James Datof heart failure on 26 October 1927 in Bur- son.
wood. They had six children.
8
Notes
29 Copy of death certificate from Val Studd, ref. 2340.
Ref. 5100.
30 Gee (2000).
1 Wikipedia, River Camel, en.wikipedia.org/
31 PROV, Index to Unassisted Inward Passenger Lists
wiki/River_Camel.
to Victoria 1852–1923, fiche 29, p.3.
2 Morton-Raymont (1989).
32 Wikipedia, ‘1918 flu pandemic’, en.wikipedia.
3 Padstow Baptism. 1773–1810, FP170/1/4.
org/wiki/1918_flu_pandemic.
4 Bartlett (1996).
33 E-mail Marion Gogoll (May 2001).
5 St Minver Marriages 1813–1837, FP154/1/4, ref.
34 E-mail Marion Gogoll (May 2001).
149.
35 Ibid.
6 CFHS, Monumental Inscriptions index and St Min36 AVR, Rn 21017.
ver Burials 18-13-1848, FP154/1/8, #774, card 2.
37 AVR, Rn 550.
7 CFHS, Monumental Inscriptions index, ref: Card
38 AVR, RN 14168.
2.
8 IGI
Ba:
P002751 So:
Q942.37/C2V26B
Pr:1145588.
9 CFHS, Monumental Inscriptions index and St Enodoc Church, Card 3.
10 Morton-Raymont (1989), p. 122.
11 Hunt (1997).
12 Cornwall Guide, Padstow, www.cornwalls.co.
uk/Padstow.
13 Census returns for St. Minver (1841–1891) Great
Britain Census Office, Family History Library, Film
221056; St Minver Baptism 1834–1900, FP154/1/12,
ref. 359.
14 Alpine Heritage List, Dianne Carroll.
15 Shennan (1985).
16 Wikipedia,
‘Eureka
Stockade’,
http:
//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eureka_stockade.
17 Burke Museum Beechworth, Rates book United
Shire of Beechworth 1880–81, nrs. 2013; 2312.
18 ‘Obituary’, The Ovens and Murray Advertiser, 18
August 1915.
19 IGI, Reference B 10 Oct 1973 PV E 29 Nov 1973
PV S 17 Jan 1974 PV Batch/Film No C002352 Serial
sheet 0840.
20 St Minver Marriages 1837–1912, FP154/1/5, ref.
197.
21 Correspondence with Linda Mackie (1997). PROV,
Index to Unassisted Inward Passenger Lists to Victoria
1852–1923
22 AVR, RN 8406. Death certificate no. 488 of 1862.
23 AVR, RN 3456.
24 AVR, RN 1144.
25 AVR, RN 7260.
26 1851 census return as seen on Film 221056 from
LDS.
27 AVR, RN 3706.
28 Gee (2000).
9
Chapter 3
William Ellen & Sarah Ann Crack
Gold fever in the Victorian hills
pair of ancestors that moved
from England to Australia were William
Ellen and Sarah Ann Crack, whose daughter
Rosa-Jane would later marry David Brewer
(Chapter 4), the son of William Brewer and
Elizabeth Francis, discussed in the previous
chapter.
Sarah Ann Crack, sometimes referred to as
Krapp, was born on 7 March 1847 and christened on 11 July of that year in East Harling,
Norfolk.
She was the illegitimate child of 21-year
old Maria Crack and Thomas Cooke, a local
farmer. Her mother Maria Crack was born
on 19 July 1826 in East Harling and was the
daughter of Thomas Crack and Sarah Garnham (Garman).
T
HE SECOND
Thomas
Cooke
Charles
Godwin
Maria
Crack
Great Hockham.1 They had two children,
James and Thomas. James did, however, not
survive past his first year.2
On 22 August 1853 the young family — Edward, Maria, six year old Sarah and one year
old Thomas — departed from Liverpool on the
Australia to seek a better life in the colonies.
Little Thomas did not survive the journey as
he died in September due to diarrhoea. After a
journey of under three months, Edward, Maria
and Sarah arrived safely in Melbourne.3
Edmund
Jacob
Jessup
Sarah Ann William
Crack
Ellen
Rosa-Jane Ellen
Migrant ancestors of Rosa-Jane Ellen
Maria Crack (1826–1889) with child
When Sarah Ann was one year old, her
mother married on Christmas Eve of 1848
Conditions aboard the ships transporting
in East Harling to Edmund Jacob (Edward) immigrants to Australia were very poor with
Jessup, an agricultural labourer from nearby families sharing bunks and very limited san10
itation or privacy. It is not surprising that a
baby would become sick in these conditions.
Thomas was not the only one to die on board
of the Australia. In total, eight of the 471
passengers would not survive to see their new
home land.
Edward’s brother had also moved to Australia with his young family and they suffered
the same fate as their one year old son Hester
also died of diarrhoea during the voyage.4
The Jessup family were ‘assisted’ British
migrants, meaning that their passage was subsidised by the Victorian Government. In the
middle of the nineteenth century, more than
18,000 British people migrated with assistance from the government every year.5
Beechworth post office in 1856 (Hyndman 2000)
The family shifted to Beechworth prior to
1857. At that time, Beechworth was a thriving gold mining town in the middle of the
gold rush that made it famous. The discovery
of gold in Beechworth in 1852 inspired thousands of prospectors to swarm from all over
the world to try their luck.
The area around Spring Creek was dotted
with canvas tents and holes in the ground.
Hundreds of men washed earth and stones
along the creek in search of treasure.6 An
early party of prospectors retrieved a pan of
gold weighing about seven kilogram. Another
lucky group found approximately 25 kilogram
of gold in a week.7
The journey from Melbourne to Beechworth took about three weeks. Most people
walked all the way, some with a wheelbarrow
as the only means to carry their possessions.
In 1855 a coach service between Melbourne
and Beechworth commenced that reduced the
journey down to several days. This mode
of transport would have been unaffordable
for most people as fares were more than five
pounds.8
§ § §
The Jessup family moved quite frequently
around the area as the address varies a lot;
Beechworth, One Mile Creek, Bowmans Forest and Murmungee.
Edward Jessup, together with some friends,
placed a claim on a spot in Kneebone Gully in
Spring Creek to mine for gold. They worked
this location for half a year and then transferred the claim to another digger.9
By 1870, Sarah had eleven half-brothers
and sisters. After a hard life of raising twelve
children, Sarah’s mother Maria died on 2 December 1889 in Beechworth at the age of
63 and was buried in Bowmans Forest cemetery.10
Her stepfather Edmund died eight years
later in Myrtleford and is also buried in Bowmans Forest cemetery.
§ § §
When Sarah Ann was 16 years old, she married 18 year older Charles George Godwin, in
1863.11 They had three children, Frances, Florence (Florry) and Charles Godwin.
The Register of Claims for Beechworth and
11
every night and tell her that is from
dada — and you must consider yourself kissed to any extent you choose
to fancy”.13
After seven years of marriage and not much
luck in gold mining, Charles Godwin died at
the age of 41 in September 1870.
§ § §
Three years later, on 6 May 1873, Sarah marries William Ellen, who was also 18 years
her senior, in Beechworth.14 At the time of
Charles George Godwin (1829–1870) and Sarah their marriage, William was living at Six Mile
Creek and Sarah Ann at Bowmans Forest.15
Ann Crack (1847–1933)
It seems that Sarah, who grew up without
her natural father Thomas Cooke, was looking
Silver Creek shows that Charles was busy try- for a father figure as she marries men almost
ing to find gold around Beechworth. Between twice her age.
1864 and 1867 he placed eight consecutive
claims to different mines in Kneebone Gully
and Bowman’s Forest.
Charles was not the only one making claim
after claim in search of a lucrative mining spot.
By 1857 the heyday of gold mining was over
and the records show that many miners made
several claims in one year.12
Charles abandons his claims in Spring
Creek temporarily and moves to Running
Creek to try his luck. He is, however, not feeling well and in 1869 writes to his wife that he
is worried about their children as several local
children had died of diphtheria.
The mining campaign was not successful either. They live in tents and move around to imWilliam Ellen (1828–1911)
prove their chances of striking gold. The letter,
which he writes on a piece of bark placed on
It must have been hard for Sarah having
a bucket, shows how much Charles misses his
been born before her mother was married. In
family:
the late nineteenth century, so called illegitimate children faced numerous obstacles, in“Tell Florry I have sent twenty
cluding violence, poverty, state intervention,
kisses but she must give baba one
12
and identity crises.16 The issue of illegitimacy will be further discussed in Chapter 6
on page 25.
William Ellen, son of James Ellen and Jane
Plumb (Plum), was born on 25 August 1828 in
Kent and arrived in Australia in 1853.17
William was a gold miner in the same area
as Sarah’s first husband where William Ellen
“& Co.” laid claim on three areas in 1865.18
He must have had some success in mining
judging by the fact that he owned a property of
130 acres of grass paddock with a house and
garden in Murmungee.19
William Ellen and Sarah Ann Crack had six
children.
§ § §
Albert Jacob (Beau) Ellen, born on 6 October
1874 and married to Ethel (Et) Ottry.
§ § §
Clara Maria Ellen, born on 13 April 1877.
Married to Eugean Thomas (Owen) Farrelly,
born on 31 October 1881.
Clara Maria died on 12 July 1955 at the age
of 78. Owen died five years later on 7 July
1960, also at the age of 78.
§ § §
Edgar (Ed) Ellen, born in 1880. On 13 April
1921 he married 14 year younger Louisa May
Kneebone in the Holy Trinity Cathedral in
Wangaratta.
Louisa was born on 18 May 1894 in
Whorouly.
Ed died on 7 September 1963 in Wangaratta
and is buried in the Wangaratta Cemetery.
Louisa died at the ripe old age of 90 in 1984
and is also buried in the Wangaratta cemetery.
§ § §
Rosa-Jane (Rose-Jane, Rosa-Joan) Ellen, born
on 12 November 1882 in Murmungee (Chapter 4 on page 15).
§ § §
Daisy Agnes Ellen, born 1887, married 26year old Walter Charles Wells on 2 December
1910.
Walter was born on 21 January 1884 and
died on 14 August 1966 at the age of 82. Daisy
died on 15 November 1978, 91 years old.
§ § §
Last child of Sarah Ann Crack and William
Ellen is William Alfred Ellen.
William Ellen died in 1911 in Beechworth.20 Sarah spent her last 22 years as a
widow and died at the age of 86 on 21 July
1933.
§ § §
Two members of the Ellen family became successful in show business.
Joff (Raymond Charles) Ellen (1915–1999),
son of Beau Ellen and Ethel Ottry, was a famous vaudeville entertainer and a pioneer of
Australian television. He is specially famous
for his work with Graham Kennedy and Bert
Newton.21
Joff’s nephew Cliff also earned his strides as
an actor. He played in the popular Australian
TV series Neighbours and in movies such as
Crackerjack.22
13
Notes
1 Marriages:
East Harling, Norfolk, ref. 107.
Crowley, ‘Family tree takes shape’.
3 PROV, VPRS 14 Register of Assisted British Immigrants 1839–1871, p. 218; 291. Thomas is mentioned
on the shipping register.
4 Dawn Crowley, ‘Family tree takes shape’.
5 Price (1987)
6 Hyndman (2000).
7 Woods (1985)
8 Harvey (1994).
9 Burke Museum Beechworth, Register of Claims,
Spring Creek-Beechworth 1862–1874, no. 244-10 (18
June 1865).
10 Federation Index Vic 1889–1901, ref. 15178.
11 AVR, ref. 3513.
12 Burke Museum Beechworth, Register of Claims
1862–1874, nrs. 249, 292, 225-2, 73-10, 224, 225, 380
and 381.
13 Marie Walker, Letter from Charles Godwin to
Sarah Ann Godwin.
14 Marriage Certificate no. 281, ref. 1885.
15 Ibid.
16 Frost (2003)
17 Marriage certificate, RN. 1835 No. 281. E-mail
Cliff Ellen.
18 Burke Museum Beechworth, Register of Claims,
nrs 79-12, 101-2 and 192-11.
19 Burke Museum Beechworth, Rate book 1880–81,
United Shire of Beechworth.
20 Digger Edwardian Index Vic 1902–1913, reference
number: 328.
21 Robert Fidgeon (1999), ‘TV Comic great Joffa Boy
dies’, The Herald Sun 31 December 1999.
22 Internet Movie Database, www.imdb.com/name/
nm0253979.
2 Dawn
14
Chapter 4
David Brewer & Rosa-Jane Ellen
How an accident with an axe destroys a family
B REWER, the second son of
William Brewer and Elizabeth Francis
(Chapter 2), was born on 1 May 1876 in
Wooragee.
Woorajay is the Aboriginal name for a peppermint tree. The name was used by Europeans to name the cattle run that was first established there. Wooragee was first surveyed
during the Gold Rush in 1856 and was a mining village in the Beechworth district.1
From the records it seems that David had
a lot of occupations, he is mentioned as a
labourer, woodcutter and a shearer, moving
around the district.2
On 12 October 1904 he marries 21 year
old Rosa-Jane (Rose-Jane, Rosa-Joan) Ellen
in Murmungee.
Rosa-Jane (Rose-Jane, Rosa-Joan) was
born on 12 November 1882 in Murmungee.3
She was the daughter of William Ellen and
Sarah Ann Crack (Chapter 3).
By this time the Gold Rush was definitely
over and people moved from mining gold to
a more agricultural life. Gold mining around
the Murmungee reef continued until the late
1930s, mainly by industrial methods such as
sluicing, which is the excavation of alluvial
deposits through high pressure water jets.
David and Rosa-Jane had eight children.
Their children’s lives were defined by the Second World War. Two of their sons, Bill and
D
AVID
David Brewer (1876–1930)
Vince, were captured respectively by the German and Japanese army and spent considerable time as Prisoners of War.
§ § §
Edna Rosalie Brewer was born on 20 June
1905 in Murmungee. Edna left school at the
age of 14 to do domestic work, taking care of
a house for a doctor.
On 16 June 1923, at the age of 17 she married Tom Goodyer, born in Tasmania. Tom
was offered an engineering job on the construction of the Sydney Harbour Bridge, but
instead he chose to work in South Africa, presumably as a mining-engineer.
While in South Africa, Edna began a rela-
15
tionship with her chauffeur and left her husband. After his wife left him, Tom moved to
England with their only son.
When Edna had spent all her money, the
chauffeur left her destitute and she headed to
England to join her son. After Edna arrived
in England, Tom headed back to Australia and
never saw his son again.
Edna died on 29 January 2000 in England at
the age of 94.
§ § §
Mabel Isabel Brewer was born on 9 July 1906
in Murmungee and worked as a domestic help
in Eldorado and Wangaratta and worked at the
Woollen Mills. Mabel was heavily involved
in the Country Women’s Association and enjoyed cooking and crafts.
She married William Henry (Bill) Bussell,
a stonemason and had two children.4 As a
stonemason he mainly produced headstones,
which made their back yard look like a cemetery.
Bill died on 4 July 1978 in Wangaratta Hospital and was interred at the Wangaratta Cemetery. Mabel died of bowel cancer on 7 May
1992 in Wangaratta Hospital at the age of 85.
§ § §
Daisy Francis Ellen Brewer, born on 12 April
1908 in Murmungee. Married about 1930 in
Carlton to John (Jack) Bloor Dent, born on 6
November 1903 in Western Australia.5
Two years after their wedding they moved
to Eldorado with their first son. Their second
son was born in Eldorado.
Jack served as a sapper in World War two
in New Guinea and after the war Jack worked
in a gold mine.6 He died on Remembrance
Day in 1985 at the age of 82 and was buried
in Eldorado Cemetery. Daisy died after a fall
in a nursing home on 11 September 2004 in
Wangaratta at the age of 96.7
Rosa-Jane Ellen (1882–1957)
David Vincent (Vince) Godwin Brewer was
born on 23 April 1910 in Lower Buckland at
the base of Mount Buffalo.
Vince was working as a labourer in Queensland when he enlisted in the Australian army
at Toowoomba on 7 July 1940. After a three
day trip from Darwin the Australian battalion
group known as ‘Gull Force’ arrived in Ambon on 17 December 1941 in order to assist
the Dutch troops in staving off the Japanese.
During the Japanese attack he was wounded
by shrapnel in his back and buttock. He was
eventually captured and spent the rest of the
war as a prisoner, enduring the bad treatment
of the Japanese.8
After he repatriated to Australia Vince married Alma Maud Gribble in 25 August 1948 in
Wangaratta. They moved to Eldorado where
Vince worked as a machinist on the dredge.
Vince died on 26 October 1975 of a
bronchial pneumonia in the Wangaratta Hospital at the age of 65.9
16
When Rosa-Jane was pregnant with their
fifth child, the family moved from the Buckland Valley to Eldorado.
Eldorado was named by Captain William
Baker, a Royal Navy man from Nova Scotia who arrived in Sydney in 1837. Captain
Baker moved to the Ovens District in 1840
and settled on a run and successfully applied
for the name of his run to be Eldorado.10 The
name Eldorado relates to a fictitious country
in South America, believed to be abundant of
gold. However, the precious metal was not
discovered in the region until 1852, so it would
seem that Captain Baker predicted the Gold
Rush, or maybe he found some nuggets and
never made it public knowledge.
By the time the Brewer family moved to
Eldorado, it was a waning mining town that
had seen its peak decades earlier. In the days
the Brewers came to Eldorado, Cocks Pioneer
was still operating on a large scale, five kilometres west of the township.
David Brewer worked at the Cocks Pioneer
mine for quite a long time.11 From 1928 onwards, gold mining slowly came to a halt. The
large mines in Eldorado closed and only some
small companies, working on the Reids and
Clear Creeks or treating the Cocks Pioneer
mine dumps, and a number of visiting fossickers, victims of the depression, remained in the
once bustling mining town.12
§ § §
William Norman (Bill) Brewer was born in Eldorado on 25 March 1916 and started at Eldorado Primary School in February 1921. At the
end of school he worked as a shop assistant for
John Colin Angus, a local painter.
He migrated to New Zealand and during
World War II served in the New Zealand army
as a Lieutenant. Bill was held captive as a prisoner of war in Italy and Germany.
He was treated much better than his brother
Vince. Bill received parcels and mail from
Australia.
After the war he owned a florist business
in Upper Hutt on the South Island. Bill married Beryl Albina Rhind, born on 10 June 1922
in Liverpool. Her father was a Gordon Highlander from Edinburgh and Aberdeen and her
mother was English and French, whose parents were the first French furriers to set up in
Bold St in Liverpool. They adopted two children. Bill died of cancer on 18 February 1990
in New Zealand.
§ § §
Unus Adala (Uni) Brewer was born on 19 December 1919 in Wangaratta.
She married John Edward (Jack) Walker,
born on 9 February 1911. They had five children. Unus served in the army and was a municipal councillor.
Jack died of cancer on 3 June 1984 at the
age of 73 and was interred in the Wangaratta
cemetery.
§ § §
Thelma Sarah Doris Brewer, born on 6 May
1922 in Wangaratta. In May 1935 she became
very ill and stopped attending school.
Only 13 years old, Thelma died of meningitis on 20 June 1935 in the Alfred Hospital.13
Thelma was buried on 21 June 1935 in the Eldorado cemetery. The headstone mistakenly
records 1936 as the year of her death.
§ § §
The last child from this family, John Bernard
(Jack) Brewer, was born on 10 March 1924 in
Wangaratta Hospital.
He was a cook in the Army and travelled
around the country cooking for shearers and
in pubs. At the age of 19, Jack was in the navy
and was stationed at a top secret American air
base in the Pilbra region.
17
He married Dulcie Eileen Hosking and they
had three children. At one stage the family ran
the Port Albert pub, in Gippsland. The family also owned racehorses, most well known
of these being Oscar’s Luck.
Jack died on 30 November 2006 at the age
of 82. Jack was buried in the Toora cemetery
and the family threw scones into the grave instead of flowers because Jack was famous for
making scones.
Angus in his store. To supplement their income Rosa-Jane took in three boarders and to
accommodate them in the house young Jack
and his nephew Bob (Edna’s son) were moved
into a tent in the back yard.
Jack and Bob were of similar age and grew
up like brothers rather than uncle and nephew.
Bob was left with his grandmother, as his parents were in South Africa, till he was fourteen.
Bob’s mother also sent money for Bob’s upkeep. Rosa-Jane also cooked a hot midday
meal for other miners, as well as the boarders,
to keep the family financially afloat.15
After a hard life of raising a family by
herself, Rosa-Jane died on 5 August 1957 in
Wangaratta Hospital at the age of 74 and was
buried in Wangaratta cemetery.
The Brewer family: Rosa-Jane, David, Edna,
Thelma, Jack, Unus and Bobby Goodyer
David died from tetanus on 28 March 1930
in Wangaratta after sustaining a leg wound
from his axe when cutting wood in the bush.14
He developed tetanus and could have been
saved if his leg had been amputated, but he
refused and trusted his own ‘self medication’,
trying to kill the germs through alcohol, over
the doctor’s advice. He subsequently lost his
life and was buried in Wangaratta Cemetery.
After David Brewer died, Rosa-Jane was
left with three young children to support and
no income.
To bring in some money, fourteen year old
Bill left school and was given a job by Colin
18
Notes
1 ‘Wooragee
area is one that is rich in history’, The
Ovens and Murray Advertiser, 19 October 1988.
2 Buchan (2001), p. 108
3 Extract of Birth Entry - no. 32364, Birth certificate,
ref.: 20917/82
4 Buchan (2001), p. 108.
5 Tuohy (2004).
6 Buchan (2001), p. 109.
7 Tuohy (2004).
8 Thelma Woods, Vince’s war.
9 Death Certificate, ref. 25067/75.
10 Eldorado remembers.
11 Buchan (2001).
12 Eldorado remembers.
13 Death Certificate and School Records.
14 Buchan (2001). Victorian Death Index 1921–1985,
Monumental Inscription, ref. 3509.
15 Anecdote by Jack Brewer.
19
Chapter 5
William Henry Gribble & Mary Teresa Grenville
Cornish mining family looking for a
new horizon
in this chapter originates from the south western tip of Cornwall, which was one of the cenHE G RIBBLE SIDE OF THE FAMILY were tres of mining activity.
Cornish miners, moving to Australia after the mining industry went into decline. For
Thomas
Elizabeth
thousands of years Cornwall was a thriving
Nankervis
Ellis
mining area, predominantly tin and copper.
Thomas
Elizabeth
In the early years of the nineteenth century
Elijah
Hughes
Eliza Jane
Maria
there was plenty of work for copper miners in Gribble Nankervis Grenville
Player
Cornwall, but by about 1840 the copper lodes
were being worked out and output declined
William Henry
Mary Theresa
dramatically, followed by unemployment and
Gribble
Grenville
crippling poverty.
Many miners from Cornwall turned their atGeorge Albert Gribble
tention to California and Australia, where gold
was discovered around 1850.1 Between 1861
Migrant ancestors of George Albert Gribble.
and 1901 an estimated quarter of a million
Cornish people, or ‘Cousin Jacks’ as they were
William Henry Gribble was the son of Eliknown, migrated to various parts of the world
jah Gribble and Eliza Jane Nankervis, who
in search of a better life. This mass migration
both migrated to Australia around the same
is known as the Cornish Diaspora in which
time as the Brewer part of the family.
miners made up most of the numbers. There
§ § §
is a well known saying in Cornwall:
Elijah Gribble was born on 18 December 1837
in Creegbrawse, a small hamlet and busy min“A mine is a hole anywhere in
ing area in Cornwall, and was the son of
the world with at least one Cornish
2
William Gribble (1812–1876) and Elizabeth
man at the bottom of it!”
Harvey (1814–1889).4
Elijah had fourteen brothers and sisters of
The Gribble family name is commonly found
in mid and west Cornwall and is derived which six did not live past the age of thirty, five
from cryb-a-bell, Cornish for ‘distant ridge’,3 of which did not even get past fifteen. Only
which could be a reference to this family’s six of them lived beyond the age of sixty and
mining background. The Gribbles described Elijah was the oldest of the family.
T
20
Between 1845 and 1862 Elijah lost six siblings to typhus, a common disease in poverty
stricken areas. After Elijah’s baby brother and
sister both died of typhus in 1858, he decided
to move to Australia.5
The Gribble family is a good example of
the Cornish diaspora. His sister Elizabeth
(1842–1920) and his brother Cyrus (1844–
1888) moved to the United States. Elijah’s
brother Tobias (1846–1891) tried his luck in
Peru where he died, supposedly killed by Indians.6
His brother Albert (1851–1883) ended up in
Cape Town. According to family lore, he even
became the mayor of that beautiful city.7
Elijah’s thirteen year younger brother Edwin Gribble, was born on 1 December 1850
in Creegbrawse. After he married Mary
Jane Davey in 1872, they moved to Australia, where Mary died on 24 July 1922 in
Wandiligong. Edwin died on 16 July 1925 in
North Fitzroy at the age of 74.
When 21 year old Elijah arrived in Australia
on the Florence Nightingale, he had only half
a red blanket and 2 shillings and 6 pence in his
pocket.8 Elijah moved to Beechworth, which
at that time was a thriving gold mining city.
The register of mining claims for Spring Creek
lists a claim by Elijah and William Bowen in
Madman’s Gully, No. 1 North Rose Reef.9
Some years later, on 16 April 1863, Elijah
married the 16 years old Eliza Jane Nankervis
in Beechworth.
§ § §
Eliza was born on 15 April 1847 in Botallack,
Saint Just in Cornwall. She was the daughter
of Thomas Nankervis and Elizabeth Ellis and
the second youngest of nine children.
Thomas Nankervis was born in Saint Just
22 January 1809.10 Thomas was the youngest
of seven children of John Nankervis and Eliz-
abeth Eddy, both from Saint Just. Nankervis is
a typical Cornish name and comes from nanskervys, which is Cornish for ‘valley of stags’
or deer.11
Thomas Nankervis was a ‘mine captain’
and married on 10 July 1830 in Saint Just to
Elizabeth Ellis, born on 25 June 1809 in that
town. The name Ellis is the genitive form of
the personal name Elli and thus means ‘children of Eli’.12
From this marriage ten children were born,
of which nine survived into adulthood. In
1857, the family moved to Australia and
arrived in Melbourne on the Red Jacket.
Only the five youngest children, John (1839),
William (1841), Grace (1844). Eliza Jane
(1844) and Mary Ann (1850), joined them and
the four oldest children presumably remained
in England.13 Thomas Nankervis died on 16
August 1866 in Beechworth at the relatively
young age of 57. Elizabeth Ellis died a year
later on 13 January 1867 in Beechworth.
§ § §
Elijah and Eliza had eleven children. Their
first child, Elizabeth Jane, was born just over
nine months after their wedding in Spring
Creek. Their last child, Charles Alfred Cyrus,
was born in 1891 in Wandiligong.
The Gribbles where a religious family. Elijah was a Sunday School teacher and they
financially supported the construction of the
Methodist church in Wandiligong.14
When the Lunatic Asylum in Beechworth
was being built, the Government purchased
land from both Elijah Gribble, who received
£17.0.0, and Thomas Nankervis, Eliza’s father, who received £80.0.0 for his land.15
Elijah tried his luck at mining gold around
Beechworth and in 1862 he placed a claim together with William Bowen for Rose Reef in
Madman’s Gully. Three years later “Elijah
21
Gribble & Co” claim another area in Spring
Creek.16
His most successful mine was one near the
Home Reef, which he and his family mined for
over twenty years.17 He retired around 1898
and in 1916 they moved to Bright where they
lived on one property and rented out another.
After sixty years of marriage, Eliza Jane
Nankervis died on 13 August 1923 in
Wandiligong at the age of 76.18 Elijah died
only three months later, on 12 October 1923
in Bright at the age of 85.19
§ § §
William Henry Gribble was born on 13 August 1866 in Growlers Creek.20 The name
Growlers Creek does not exist anymore because in 1875 the Bright council decided
that the locations known as Morses Creek
and Growlers Creek from Dougherty’s Bridge
southwards be called Wandiligong.21
William opened the Juvenile gold mine near
home reef in Wandiligong. Mining would
eventually cause his death as he died of
miner’s phthisis, caused by accumulation of
dust in the lungs, in 1923 at the age of 56.22
William Henry married on 13 August 1890
in Wandiligong to the 20 years old Mary
Theresa Grenville. She was born on 29 June
1870 in Growlers Creek and was the daughter of Thomas Hughes Grenville and Elizabeth
Mary Player.
§ § §
Thomas Grenville was a butcher, born about
1833 in Brighton in England and was the son
of Isaac Grenville and Rebecca Moore.
Elizabeth Player was christened on 13 August 1837 in St Martin in the Fields, Westminster and was the daughter of George Player
and Jane Rebecca Bowman.
Thomas and Elizabeth married on 9 July
1857 in Mr Sutherland’s Restaurant in Nine
William Henry Gribble, Mary Theresa Grenville
and children
Mile.23 They had a dozen children.
Thomas died after a nine month illness on
4 July 1909 in Wandiligong.24 Elizabeth died
some years later in 1915 in Wangaratta.25
§ § §
William Henry Gribble and Mary Teresa
Grenville had seven children.
Their first son, William Henry Elijah Gribble was born on 16 June 1891. In 1915 he
was called to arms and joined the 22nd Infantry
Battalion and embarked on the HMS Ulysses
to Europe.26
William survived the war and married soon
after he was repatriated to Australia. At the
22
age of 27 he married Emily Gertrude Pope,
born on 22 October 1892, with whom he had
three boys.
William died on 6 January 1956 in Heidelberg at the age of 64. His wife Emily died
twenty years later on 15 July 1976 in Richmond at the age of 83.
§ § §
Joseph (Joe) Frederick Gribble was born on 4
November 1893. Although he had previously
been rejected as unfit for service on account of
his teeth, he was later approved and dispatched
to join the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force
in Gallipoli. He was then sent to Egypt for
a few months and moved on to the Western
Front, where he took part in a raid on German
trenches.
Joseph was only 23 years old when he was
killed in action on 30 June 1916 and buried in
Ration Farm Cemetery near Bois Grenier.27
Stanley Thomas Gribble was born on 29 October 1895 in Wandiligong.
Also Stanley went overseas to fight in the
Great War with his two older brothers and his
cousin.
It seems that he found love while in Europe as he married on 29 March 1919 in Cornwall to local girl Doris Gwendoline Simmons.
Stanley and Doris moved to Australia and had
four children.
Stanley died on 4 August 1979 in
Wandiligong at the age of 83. Doris died nine
years later on 18 March 1988 in Wandiligong
at the age of 90.
§ § §
George Albert Gribble, born on 12 December
1897 in Wandiligong (Chapter 7).
§ § §
Minnie Clemence Gribble, born on 21 October 1900. Married in 1925 to Charles Edward
Gray (Cyril George Gray), with whom she had
a boy and a girl. Minnie died on 29 June 1945
at the age of 44.
§ § §
Robert Hughes Gribble, born on 31 May 1905.
He married on 12 April 1839 in Wangaratta
to Myrtle Gertrude Mull, born on 5 February
1905. They had three children.
Robert died on 2 November 1970 in Bright
at the age of 65. His wife died on 19 June 1997
in Bright at the respectable age of 92.
§ § §
Victor Clyde Gribble, born on 23 April 1907.
He was married to Willemmenia Ruth (Irene)
Higgins, born 1912, and they had one child.
Victor died on 21 July 1965 in Melbourne at
Joseph Frederick Gribble (1897–1916)
the age of 58. Willemmenia lived for another
The news of his death shocked the town as 22 years as a widow and died on 30 August
the flags at the Wandiligong school and Shire 1987.
office were flown half mast.28
§ § §
23
Notes
Mining in Cornwall, en.wikipedia.
org/wiki/Mining_in_Cornwall.
2 Wikipedia, Cornish diaspora, en.wikipedia.
org/wiki/Cornish_diaspora. BBC, I am alright
Jack!,
www.bbc.co.uk/legacies/immig_emig/
england/cornwall/article_1.shtml.
3 White (1984), p.32.
4 Correspondence Margaret Owens and Marilyn
Mapstone.
5 Lloyd & Nunn (1987).
6 Correspondence Margaret Owens and Marilyn
Mapstone.
7 Ibidem.
8 Ibidem.
9 Shennan (1985).
10 IGI - FN. 203 4594.
11 White (1984), p.42; Hopkins (1988).
12 White (1984), p.28.
13 PROV, Unassisted Inward Passenger Lists for
British, Foreign and New Zealand Ports 1852–1923,
Port B, Fiche 125, p. 4.
14 Bennett (1988).
15 Marilyn Mapstone and Margaret Owens.
16 Burke Museum Beechworth, Register of Claims
Spring Creek-Beechworth 1862–1874, nrs. 66 and 2161.
17 Margaret Owens.
18 Margaret Owens, Death Index Vic 1921–1985, ref.
12916.
19 Ibid.
20 Margaret Owens.
21 Bennett (1988).
22 Margaret Owens. Death Index Vic 1921–1985, ref.
12915
23 AVR, Marriage certificate., reference number:
3097.
24 Digger Edwardian Index Vic 1902–1913, Death
certificate, ref. 10740.
25 Digger Great War Index Vic 1914–1920, ref. 3335.
26 Australian War Memorial, First World War Embarkation Roll, www.awm.gov.au.
27 National Archives of Australia, World War I Personnel Records.
28 Bennett (1988).
1 Wikipedia,
24
Chapter 6
Ellen Higgins
The pressures of family shame and
taboo
has no English roots. Ellen Higgins’ grandparents
migrated to Australia from Ireland and Scotland before the first discovery of gold, a time
when Australia’s economy was based on sheep
grazing.
This is a controversial time in Australian
history. With the dispossession of aboriginal
tribes from their lands through the establishment of sheep runs, conflict between natives
and squatters over resources and land use inevitably occurred.
T
HIS BRANCH OF THE FAMILY
John
Higgins
Tryphena
Parker
John
Strachan
William Thomas
Higgins
Unknown
Elizabeth
Harkness
Mary
Strachan
Ellen Higgins
Elizabeth Higgins
Migrant ancestors of Elizabeth Higgins
John Higgins was a miner, born in Dublin
around 1803. John Higgins was the son of
cobbler James Higgins and Anne Wilde.
Ireland was not an independent country, between 1801 and 1912 it formed part of the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
The nineteenth century was a difficult time for
the Irish. They struggled for independence
and battled great adversity and poverty. There
were also times of great prosperity, specially
during the Napoleonic Wars, which occurred
when John Higgins was a boy.1
It is not known when John arrived in Australia, but given that his first son was born in
1842, he must have left his native Ireland before the infamous Potato Famine.
In 1842, William married Tryphena (Triphena) Parker (Perkins, Harker), who was four
months pregnant. Tryphena was born on 11
April 1827 in Hastings.2 She was the daughter of John Wesley Parker, a clergyman, and
Hannah Ransom.
John and Tryphena had fifteen children, of
which only ten survived. The first six were
born in New South Wales. During the Victorian Gold Rush, the family moves to Beechworth and later to Indigo and Chiltern, where
they have a further four children.3
John Higgins died on 12 May 1869 in
Oven’s District Hospital in Beechworth.4
Tryphena died on 16 August 1898 in Rutherglen at the age of 71.5
§ § §
William Thomas Higgins, the oldest of John
and Tryphena’s ten children, was born on 27
July 1842 in the district of Monaro (Maneroo)
in New South Wales, between Canberra and
the Victorian border. The original inhabitants
25
of this area were the Ngarigo and ‘maneroo’ is
the local aboriginal word for ‘plains’.6
When Thomas was born, his parents lived
in Gejizrick, which was a squatting run in
Monaro. It is the local Ngarigo word for ‘look
out’.
Aboriginals existed in great numbers in the
Manaro region and they were, according to the
settlers, peaceful. It was not unusual to see five
hundred of them at one time.7
The Monaro people eventually died from
diseases introduced by settlers, such as small
pox, syphilis, influenza, measles and tuberculosis. The European occupation meant that
some Aboriginal people were forced away
from their traditional lands as they lost their
traditional hunting grounds.8
William Thomas Higgins married Mary
Strachan, a servant and daughter of John Strachan, a cattle dealer and carpenter, and Elizabeth Harkness, on 14 October 1867 in Beechworth.9
§ § §
John Strachan and Elizabeth Harkness
(Harkins) married around 1840 in Scotland.10
Elizabeth was born around 1816 in Dumfries,
a Scottish market town near the mouth of the
River Nith. The name of the town is derived
from the Scottish Gaelic, Dùn Phris which
translates as ‘Fort of the Thicket’.11
Not long after their marriage they moved to
Australia. Poverty, famine and epidemics in
Scotland caused the first significant Scottish
emigration to Australia. Victoria was the most
popular colony in which to settle. Scottish
squatters and rural workers established farms
in the times before gold was discovered in Victoria.12
John Strachan and Elizabeth Harkness
had five children and Mary Strachan was
born around 1850 in Black Dog Creek near
Chiltern. This area was part of the Wahgunyah cattle run, which was leased by John Ford
and John Crisp in 1841.
Elizabeth Harkness died on 15 May 1881 in
Wooragee, aged 65 and was buried in Beechworth.13
William Thomas Higgins and Mary Strachan
William Higgins and Mary Strachan had a
dozen children, among which was Ellen Higgins.
It seems that William was a tenacious man,
as judged by a story told in the family. Because he had a disagreement with the local
parish priest William decided to have all further children christened in different faiths.
Ellen’s sister Lilian Christina Higgins married William Joseph Bentley and had, just like
her parents, twelve children and only one of
them was a girl. The girl died in infancy.
All eleven boys went to war to fight against
the Japanese and the Germans. Through great
fortitude, all of Lilian’s sons returned to Australia.
Mary was illiterate as evidenced by the
cross by which she signed her marriage certificate. She died on 9 March 1917 in Oven’s
26
District Hospital, Beechworth and was buried
at Stanley Cemetery.14 William Thomas remarried in Melbourne at the ripe age of eighty
in 1919 to Louisa Annie Moreland and died
five years later in Porepunkah.15
Ellen (Nelly) Higgins (Eggins) was born on
18 December 1873 in South Wooragee near
Yackandandah.16
With Ellen Higgins we come to a dead end
in the family history as the father(s) of her first
three children are not known.
Ellen Higgins (1873–1942)
When Ellen was 20 she gave birth to Elsie
Higgins, who died after eight days of diarrhoea, only two months old. Five years
later, Ellen gave birth to a second illegitimate
child, Elizabeth Higgins, born in 21 June 1899
(Chapter 7).
Elizabeth lived with her grandparents and
was brought up to believe that they were her
parents. Elizabeth’s birth certificate, which
was registered by Ellen’s sister Alice, does not
state the name of Elizabeth’s father.17 Further
confirmation of William Thomas Higgins and
Mary Strachan not being Elizabeth’s parents
can be found on the death certificate of Mary
Strachan where Elizabeth is not listed as one
of the children.
Ellen also gave birth to a third illegitimate
daughter called Rose Higgins, who died of
malnutrition on 21 July 1902 in Stanley after a
short life of only seven weeks. Ellen was most
likely in Melbourne when Rose died, which
indicates that her parents were also raising
her. Rose was buried two days after her death
by her grandfather William Higgins and on
that same day, Ellen married in Melbourne to
bricklayer William James Moore, with whom
she had a further five children of which two
died at a young age.18
The first of these five children was born nine
years after they got married, when Ellen was
already 37 years old.
Ellen’s extra marital children are not the
only in the family. Ellen’s oldest sister Mary
Ann gave birth to Emily in 1887 who was
born one year before she got married to John
Kendall.
§ § §
In nineteenth century Australia, about three
percent of births were out of wedlock.
In only one in ten cases of children born outside of marriage in the nineteenth century the
father is known. In more than half of those
cases the father is the boyfriend or fiancé of the
mother. Married men, male relatives, employers, strangers and acquaintances are listed as
other possible identities.19 Attitudes towards
extra marital children has changed considerably over the past decades as terms such as ‘illegitimate’ or ‘bastard’ are no longer used to
denote children that are born from unmarried
parents.
In Ellen’s days, children without a known
father were placed in the same category as
27
beggars, thieves and prostitutes.20
These rigid moral codes caused a lot of
heartbreak and in some cases mothers even let
their children die because of the strain placed
on them being unmarried mothers.21 Could
this have been the case with Ellen’s first and
third child?
After their marriage, Ellen and William had
five daughters: Nellie, Ellen, Dorothy, Daisy
and Mary. The oldest and youngest girls died
when they were still children. Ellen Higgins
died on 13 August 1942 in Cowra at the age of
68.22
With Daisy we come to another interesting
aspect in family history. Daisy married Henry
Bentley, who was the son of Edward Bentley
and Laura Higgins. Laura was a sister of Ellen
and Henry and Daisy were thus first cousins.
William Thomas
Higgins
William
Moore
Ellen
Higgins
Daisy
Moore
Mary
Strachan
Laura
Higgins
Edward
Bentley
Henry
Bentley
First cousins marrying
The marriage of two cousins is in most cultures considered a taboo. Cousin marriages
are often highly stigmatised today, but marriages between first and second cousins nevertheless account for over ten percent of marriages worldwide.23
Daisy and Edward were in good company as
also many of the influential people in history,
such as Albert Einstein, Charles Darwin and
Edgar Allen Poe, married their cousin.24
28
Notes
Ireland 1801–1923, en.wikipedia.
org/wiki/Ireland_1801-1922.
2 Baptism records LDS film, 825419, Hastings, Sussex, England, ref. no. 106
3 Australian Vital Records.
4 Pioneer Index Vic 1936–1988, Death certificate,
ref.: 3434
5 Federation Index Vic 1889–1901, Death Certificate, ref. 13857.
6 Cooma-Monaro Shire Council, Culture Map, www.
cooma.nsw.gov.au/culturalmap/.
7 Monaro Pioneers, www.monaropioneers.com.
8 Cooma-Monaro Shire Council, Culture Map, www.
cooma.nsw.gov.au/culturalmap/.
9 Marriage Certificate, ref. 4077.
10 Death Certificate Elizabeth Strachan.
11 Wikipedia, Dumfires, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Dumfries.
12 Museum Victoria, History of immigration from
Scotland,
museumvictoria.com.au/origins/
history.aspx?pid=52.
13 Pioneer Index Vic 1936–1988, Death Certificate,
ref. 3541.
14 Digger-Great War Index Vic 1914–1920, Death
certificate, ref. 308.
15 Digger-Great War Index Victoria 1940–1920, ref.
5667. Online Registry of Births Death and Marriages.
16 AVR, Birth certificate, ref. 28071.
17 Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages, ref.
13826.
18 Birth certificate of Dorothy May Moore.
19 Swain (2005).
20 Davis (1939).
21 Swain (2005).
22 Letter from Joan Scott
23 Sarah Kershaw, ‘Shaking Off the Shame’, New
York Times, 25 November 2009.
24 Wikipedia, Cousin mariage, en.wikipedia.org/
wiki/Cousin_marriage.
1 Wikipedia,
29
Chapter 7
George Albert Gribble & Elizabeth Higgins
The tragedies of war
years. He worked there from the start to the
completion of the weir.
EORGE A LBERT G RIBBLE ,
labourer,
Elizabeth Higgins died on 2 August 1970 in
born on 12 December 1897 in
Wangaratta at the age of 71,6 buried in EldoWandiligong.1
Son of William Henry
rado Cemetery, Victoria.
Gribble and Mary Teresa Grenville (Chapter
5). Died on 5 September 1967 in Wangaratta,
Victoria, Australia at the age of 69,2 buried in
Eldorado Cemetery.
Church marriage at the age of 21 on 23 July
1919 in Bright (Methodist).3 to the 20 year
old Elizabeth Higgins, born on 21 June 1899
in Stanley (Chapter 6).
George worked in a variety of jobs over the
years and they moved quite a bit: Porepunkah,
Bright, Cowra, Woodstock, Wyangala, Albury
and Wodonga, before settling in Eldorado.4
The family were living in Wodonga at one
stage and George got a job in Bright working
on the pine plantation. He rode his bicycle to Elizabeth Higgins (1899–1970) and George GribBright every Sunday night and back again ev- ble (1897–1967)
ery Friday night to Wodonga. On the weekends he chopped enough wood to last the week
From this marriage seven children were
and caught up on other jobs before heading off
5
again. Eventually they moved back to Bright. born.
This is quite an amazing feat of endurance, his
§ § §
bicycle would not have been state of the art George Frederick Gribble was born on 21
with gears and the roads would not have been September 1920 in Bright. His mother was
as good as today. The distance from Bright extremely ill after George’s birth and spent a
to Wodonga is almost one hundred kilometres, long time in hospital. She was not recovering and eventually her mother in law, Mary
with a lot of uphill grade.
George Albert worked at Wyangala on the Grenville from Wandiligong, took her home
construction of the Wyangala Dam for six and cared for her. The story goes that if she
G
30
Elizabeth Higgins, George Albert Gribble, Muriel,
George, Alma, Keith and Eva at Wyangla Dam
had stayed in the hospital she may not have
survived.7
He was a labourer, but when Australia
joined the action in the second World War,
George joined the army and was dispatched to
New Guinea.8
He was a private in the infantry and went
absent without leave. He was found out and
sent back to the front where he was killed in
action on 15 December 1943 and buried in Lae
War Cemetery in New Guinea.9
§ § §
Alma Maud Gribble was born in Bright three
and a half years after George. The family was
living at that stage with Keziah (Kizzy) Higgins,10 Ellen Higgin’s sister, in Porepunkah.
Elizabeth thought that Kizzy was her sister,
but it was in fact her aunt as she was brought
up to believe that her grandmother was in fact
her mother as described in the previous chapter.
§ § §
Muriel Theresa (Mooie) Gribble, born in
1926. Married to Donald David (Dave) Matheson, born on 29 April 1916.
She left Eldorado for a short time from
1 June 1936 to stay with relatives when her
younger sister, Betty, was born. In all, Mooie
and Donald had eight children.
Dave died on 4 March 1997 at the age of 80.
§ § §
Keith William Gribble was born on 13 April
1928. Keith left school for a short time in
1937, to stay with relatives when his younger
sister Betty was born.
Keith finished school at the age of 14 and
started work as a messenger and delivery boy
in the store of local artist Colin Angus.
Keith married at the age of 24 on 6 December 1952 in Albany, Western Australia, to Mabel (Mae) Shan-Hun, 28 years old. They had
five children.
He worked as a barman for around twenty
years, then as a driver for Canny’s Carriers and
worked on roadworks for the Country Roads
Board (CRB) until his retirement.
Keith and Mae’s marriage ended in divorce.
Keith died on 24 October 1998 in Boonah,
Queensland at the age of 70, buried there. Mae
Shan-Hun died on 3 December 2007 in Wangaratta at the age of 83.
§ § §
Eva Victoria Gribble was a tram conductress
in Melbourne, born on 14 April 1930 in Wyangala Dam, New South Wales. She married
truck driver Leonard Merrifield, born on 21
August 1929, with whom she had two chil-
31
dren.
Notes
When her sister Betty was born, Eva spent
1 Federation Index Vic 1889–1901, reference numnearly two months staying with relatives in
ber: 7170.
Porepunkah.
2 Death Index Vic 1921–1985, ref. 20129.
3 Certificate of Marriage, reference number: No. 7.
Eva and her brother in law Arthur Williams
4 Thelma Woods.
died from smoke inhalation during a house fire
5 Alma Gribble.
in December 1978 in Moyhu, Victoria. Eva
6 MI, Death Index Vic 1921–1985, ref.: 18194.
is buried in the Eldorado Cemetery. Leonard
7 Thelma Woods.
died on 11 April 1985 in Sydney at the age of
8 Number V124255, ACME 22BN.
9 Australian
55. Died from a massive heart attack.
War
Cemeteries,
www.
australiancemeteries.com/war/lae_g.htm
,
§ § §
1A.A.12.
Betty June Gribble was born on 7 June 1937 Ref.
10 Thelma Woods.
and was a shop assistant. She married Arthur
11 Thelma Woods.
Williams, a transport driver, who died in the
above mentioned house fire. They had three
children. Betty died on 7 October 1995 in
Wangaratta Hospital at the age of 58 from cancer and was buried in Hyem cemetery, near
King Valley.
§ § §
George and Elizabeth were avid Euchre players and one of their social activities was regular Euchre parties at friend’s homes. They
used to play at the Eldorado school and at the
dances Euchre was always played in the supper room while the dances were on. One time
when it was George and Elizabeth’s turn to
host the euchre party, Elizabeth attempted to
make a sponge, despite not being renowned as
a good cook by any means. She ended up in
tears and the sponge ended up buried in the
back yard. George saved the day by baking another, successful, sponge and being a real gentleman allowed Gran to be given the praise.11
32
Chapter 8
Eldorado
In this story we have followed the lives of
William Brewer, Elizabeth Francis, Maria
Crack, Thomas Nankervis, Elizabeth Ellis,
Thomas Grenville, Elizabeth Player, John
Higgins, Tryphena Parker, John Strachan and
Elizabeth Harkness. They came from all over
the United Kingdom and congregated around
Beechworth, lured by the stories of huge gold
discoveries.
The journey of the Brewer-Gribble ancestors ends when Alma Gribble and Vince
Brewer get married in 1947 and started their
own family. It is a nice coincidence that a family that came into existence because a group of
people was seeking for gold found their home
in a town that is named after the mythological
city of El Dorado.
Vince worked as a machinist on the dredge
until it closed down in 1954 after twenty years
of service. The hulk of the dredge now lies
in its final resting place on the outskirts of Eldorado, surrounded by a beautiful water hole.
The dredge hole plays a pivotal role in the stories told by Alma and Vince’s children as they
spent their summers swimming in the lake and
jumping off the hull of this relic of Eldorado’s
golden age.
Over the past half century the family has
grown steadily, although the families are not
as large as in the past. There are children, grandchildren and great grandchildren.
The family is no longer concentrated around
Beechworth, but has spread its wings all over
Australia. This book has been written for their
current and future descendants.
Vince Brewer and Alma Gribble in 1947
The stories in this book are only scratching
the surface of the available information still
waiting in archives in England, Scotland, Ireland and Australia. What this succinct book
shows is that life was most certainly a lot
harder in the nineteenth and early twentieth
century. Poverty, disease, social taboos, war
and hard labour in search of gold or working
the land were part of the daily life of the people in this book.
The hard lives of these people put our own
fortunate circumstances in perspective and
helps to answer the question posed at the start
of this book, which is the question that underpins every family history: “Who am I?”.
33
The Brewer-Gribble family in 2004. From left to right: Peter Woods, Thelma Woods, Ann Mullan,
Steve Wackrow, Noreen Wackrow, Noel Gribble, Judy Laywood, Joan Gribble, Sue Brewer-Prevos, Peter Prevos, Dean Threadgold, Bobby Brewer, Norman Brewer, Shane Mullan, Joanne Mullan, Jayde
Gebbie-Mullan, Tanya Mullan, Chloe Threadgold, Kelly Mullan, Zack Threadgold, Shane Mullan,
Jaydn Brewer, Karin Woods, Jasmin Woods, Helen Drury, Beth Drury, Luke Brewer, Nick Threadgold,
Alma Brewer, Paul Wackrow, Adam Drury and Kirsten Wackrow. Photo by Mark Drury.
34
Abbreviations
AVR
Australian Vital Records Index.
CFHS
Cornwall Family History Society.
IGI
International Genealogical Index.
PROV
Public Records Office Victoria.
35
References
Bartlett, J. (1996), Ships of North Cornwall, Morton-Raymont, C. (1989), Padstow in the
Tabb House.
mid-nineteenth century, Lodenek Press.
Bennett, C. (1988), Wandilligong — A valley Price, C. (1987), Australians: Historical statisthrough time, Wandiligong Preservation Sotics, in W. Vamplew, ed., ‘Chapter 1: Immiciety.
gration and ethnic origin’, Fairfax, Syme &
Weldon Associates, pp. 2–22.
Buchan, S. (2001), El Dorado . . . an Australian story, James and Sandra Buchan.
Shennan, M. R. (1985), Silver threads and
golden needles: the early history of Silver
Davis, K. (1939), ‘Illegitimacy and the social
Creek, Beechworth, M.R. Shennan, Noble
structure’, The American Journal of SociolPark.
ogy 45(2), 215–233.
Frost, G. S. (2003), “‘the black lamb of the Shennan, M. R. (1990), A biographical dictionary of the pioneers of the Ovens and
black sheep”: Illegitimacy in the english
townsmen of Beechworth, Noble Park.
working class, 1850–1939’, Journal of Social History 37(2).
Shorter, E. (1977), The Making of the Modern
Family, Basic Books.
Gee, M. (2000), A long way from Silver Creek.
Harvey, R. C. (1994), Background to Beech- Swain, S. (2005), ‘Domestic servants in comparative perspective’, The History of the
worth, Beechworth & District Progress AsFamily 10(4), 461–471.
sociation.
Hopkins, R. (1988), Where now Cousin Jack?, Tuohy, W. (2004), ‘Mrs. daisy frances ellen
Bendigo Building Society.
dent’, The Eldorado and District Star
(107), 10,12.
Hunt, R. (1997), Cornish legends, To Mark
Press, Redruth.
White, G. P. (1984), A handbook of Cornish
surnames, Dyllansow Truran.
Hyndman, I. (2000), History of Beechworth,
Bethel Publications.
Woods, C. (1985), Beechworth: A Titan’s
Field, Hargreen, North Melbourne.
Lloyd, B. & Nunn, K. (1987), Bright gold: the
story of the people and the gold of Bright
and Wandiligong, Histec Publications.
36
Index of Family Names
Angus, 31
Matheson, 31
Merrifield, 31
Moore, 27
Mull, 23
Baker, 17
Blewett, 7
Boyes (Boyce), 8
Brewer, 5–8, 15–17
Bussell, 16
Ottry, 13
Parr, 7
Paull, 7
Plumb (Plum), 13
Pope, 23
Campbell, 8
Cooke, 10
Crack, 10
Randall, 5
Ransom, 25
Reeves, 8
Rhind, 17
Rickard, 7
Roger, 8
Datson, 8
Dent, 16
Ellen, 10, 12, 13
Farrelly, 13
Frances, 15
Francis, 8
Shan-Hun, 31
Simmons, 23
Strachan, 26, 27
Garnham (Garman), 10
Godwin, 11
Goodyer, 15, 18
Gray, 23
Gribble, 20, 22, 23, 30, 31
Thomas, 10
Walker, 17
Wells, 13
Wilde, 25
Williams, 32
Harkness, 26
Higgins, 23, 25–27, 30
Hosking, 18
Jessup, 10
Kendall, 27
Kneebone, 13
37