Introduction

Transcription

Introduction

Introduction
As part of Indonesia’s policy to promote and nurture creativity-based industries, TREDA has organized
a series of effort to collect and analyze the relevant information related to the potentials and specific advantages of each of those industries.
One of the creative industry developing in Indonesia is publishing and printing industry. Indonesia is
a rich country with rich cultural heritage and long literary tradition. Indonesia offers the world variety of
literary masterpieces for the people to enjoys—and promises even more astounding achievements in the
future.
With pride and joy, TREDA offers this booklet, entitled “Indonesian Publishing: Gateway to Brilliance “,
to readers who wish to know more about the relevant information. This booklet presents an exploration
of the history and characteristics of those publishing and printing traditions as well as its brilliance and
ingenuity. With better comprehension of the background of Indonesian literary tradition, readers can better appreciate the achievement and development which this industry has attained.
We sincerely hope that readers would enjoy this booklet as much as we have in preparing for its publication.
Muchtar
Head of Trade Research and Development Agency (TREDA)
Minister of Trade
Republic of Indonesia
Message
It is our great pleasure to share with you one special type of numerous product lines belonging to
Indonesian creative industries, in this particular case, publishing and printing products. As a country situated at the cross-road between two oceans and two continents, Indonesian culture displays a unique
mix shaped by long interaction between original indigenous customs and multiple foreign influences.
The creativity of Indonesian people has given birth to numerous attractive art forms.
A realm of differing traditions and history, but also of shared aspirations and future—that could be
a good description for Indonesia. The dynamics and creativity of its people within this realm of diversities and commonalities have always been the powerful enabler of Indonesia’s ascent to the world stage.
Publishing and printing industry provide the country with a medium to grow. From its humble beginning, this industry has grown to a position of importance for the national economy.
As part of our national efforts at improving awareness and promote the development of Indonesian
industry in the world stage, this booklet presents background information on Indonesian publishing
and printing for the readers to appreciate. Enriched with vivid illustrations, this book is dedicated to
those who understand the influence and importance of creativity that publishers and printers has embraced.
Mari Elka Pangestu
CONTENTS
The Growing Might
of The Pen
in
Global Trade
Global publishing market grew by 2.3% in 2007
to US$ 441 billion. It will grow by another 12.2% to
reach US$ 498.4 billion in 2012
Indonesia has a long literary tradition. The oldest proof of writing was found in a stone inscription from the 4th century CE. During the period of two millennia that follows, a vast collection of
writings have been produced. After a long period of strict press control and censorship in the last
half of the 20th century, a new golden era has flourish. In the decade that follows, the number
of publishers has grown to more than 900. By 2008 around 12,000 titles are published annually,
not to mention the dozens of newspapers,
magazines, and other periodicals published throughout the nation.
The importance of this ancient craft,
however, goes far beyond the commercial
value that those numbers suggest. This literary tradition is at the heart of every civilization and critical to Indonesia’s dynamic
power to create, recreate, and develop
itself to become a proud member of the
Writing is the representation of language in a textual medium through the
use of a set of signs or symbols (known
as a writing system). It is distinguished
from illustration, such as cave drawing
and painting, and the recording of language via a non-textual medium such
as magnetic tape audio.
world most advance nations.
The history of mankind starts with the invention of writing system. The period before there
was writing is referred to as prehistory. Writing is the foundation on which mankind build their
civilization and culture.
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Indonesian Publishing
Academia suggests that writing began in the Near East as a necessity to keep records of economic activities. For example, village chiefs or merchants needed to keep tracks of their stocks
and cattle. This ancient accounting practice were then refined and evolved through the ages into
a more complex system that we now called the writing systems.
The Mesopotamian cuneiform is believed to be the oldest form of writing system. Yet, although other civilization might have been influenced by this form, writing systems of the world
are diverse in their nature. The Chinese writing system, for example, uses pictures or pictogram
to convey different meanings. On the other hand, each of the Latin alphabets tries to represent
unique human sounds.
Whatever their form and nature, writings enable human to develop far beyond other creature. Man of letters is a term frequently used to describe the most literate and educated level of
society. This is the most elite strata of society. Not only they have political, economical and social
control over the society, they also determine the future of that society and its existence as a thriving civilization.
Since the inception of language, mankind has
Literature is the art of written
works. Literally translated, the
word means “acquaintance
with letters” (from Latin littera
letter). In Western culture the
most basic written literary types
include fiction and non-fiction.
developed many oral traditions to transmit its culture from one part of society to another or from
one generation to the next. The development of
literacy—especially the invention of writing and
printing—took mankind to a new height. Written
works are more powerful than oral ones. And society that have a richer library of literature become
more prosperous than others.
Poetry is the oldest form of literature. Examples
of this early works are the Epic of Gilgamesh (Mesopotamia), the Homeric epics Illiad and Odyssey
(ancient Greece), Mahabharata and Ramayana (India). Religious texts are usually in poetic form,
as evident in many parts of the Vedas, Bible and Quran.
However, in modern time, the importance of poetry has been supplanted by prose. The forms
we usually see (and read) in the newspapers, novels, school books, academic essays, and legal
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letters are prosal in form.
Although early usage of language might be to facilitate communication between individuals,
its role in public space is extremely important. The development of the writing system can make
The word publication means the
act of publishing, and it also means
any writing of which copies are
published, and any website. Among
publications are books, and periodicals, the latter including magazines, scholarly journals, and newspapers.
words transcend space and time. The
Codex Hammurabi of ancient Babylonia, the best preserved law code, was
inscribed in stone slabs and publicly
displayed in temples throughout the
empire. The law of the king was then
distributed and practiced in the farthest reaches of the vast Babylonian
empire. And will still be preserved and
read by people 3,500 years after the
king himself has died.
Although stone has the ability to defy adverse weather and harmful hands, a more portable
medium than stone is needed to allow better distribution. Clay tablet, papyrus, paper, and now
digital media have played a role in reaching the larger public.
Paper and printing are two technologies which are particularly important. A Chinese invention,
paper is a cheap yet versatile medium to record
and disseminate information. Archaeological evidence suggests that papermaking was developed
around 1st century BCE. Outside China, however,
the world is very slow in adopting this strategic
invention. The Moslems in the 8th century CE are
responsible in spreading papermaking and make
it a major world industry.
Printing is a process for reproducing text and image, typically
with ink on paper using a printing press. It is often carried out as
a large-scale industrial process,
and is an essential part of publishing and transaction printing.
The Chinese and the Moslems are also early
pioneers in the field of printing. The first printed
newspaper was available in Beijing in 700 CE. However, modern printing industry traces its ancestry to the work of Johannes Gutenberg of 15th century Germany. His invention has such a
profound influence to the world today by fueling the European Renaissance.
The traditional books—as opposed to the nascent e-books—combine the power of paper
and printing. They are still the most dominant form of publishing today. Although digital media,
such as television and the Internet, is growing in stature, it is unlikely for them to replace traditional paper books in the near future.
Technological progress and rising literacy gave birth to the publishing industry. Some con-
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sider publishing to be the most powerful industry in the world. It has the power to shape public
opinions, disseminate cultures, and influence governments. Look at the following facts for indication :
•
Publishing is the process of production and dissemination of literature
or information – the activity of making information available for public
view. In some cases authors may
be their own publishers, meaning:
originators and developers of content also provide media to deliver
and display the content.
Global publishing market grew by
2.3% in 2007 to US$ 441 billion. It will grow
by another 12.2% to reach US$ 498.4 billion
in 2012 (according to Publishing: Global Industry Guide, by the Ireland-based organization Research and Markets).
•
In worldwide numbers, newspa-
pers employ 2 million people and have 1.6
billion readers. The circulation of the world’s
top 100 newspapers in 2005 was more than
150 million (an estimate by World Association of Newspapers).
• The British Library has a collection of 150 million items in various languages and adds 3
million new items each year. Over 16,000 people access the collection everyday.
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5
6
Kidswear
THE ART
OF
WRITING AND THE
PUBLISHING INDUSTRY
IN INDONESIA
In recent years, many publishers have expanded
their business to other related areas. The trend
have created a group of media companies.
Alphabets and Writing Tools
Indonesia has known writing at least since the 4th century CE. The oldest archaeological evidence of writing in Indonesia is the seven Yupa (“sacrificial post”)
stone pillars in Kutai, East Kalimantan. The inscription was in Pallava script of India. This suggests that Indian merchants have traveled far to the Indonesian archipelago and had significant influence over the culture of its inhabitants.
The pillars speak of “gifts to the Brahmin priests.” Although there are no name of the kingdom
that erect this pillars, three of its rulers are mentioned. Kudungga, “the lord of men”; his son Aswawarman, “the founder of the dynasty”; and the grandson Mulawarman, “the lord of kings.” The
latter two names are of Sanskrit style, while the first one is not. Experts presumed that the first
king is of local origin and it was his son that adopted Hinduistic beliefs. The grandson conquered
neighboring kingdoms and then ordered the pillars to be erected.
Another monument of around the same age and also written in Pallava script is found in Batu
Tulis, West Java. However, writings from later era showed an evolution of the writing system. The
change is a way to adapt Indian script to the sound of Austronesian tongue, which has a different
voice system than Indian, as well as to the development of writing methods and tools.
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Physically separated by large bodies of water and culturally separated in ethnic and linguistic
groups, ancient Indonesians developed various kinds of scripts based on Indian script. Famous
among them are Kawi, Javanese, Balinese, Bugis-Makassar, Batak, and Rencong scripts. In modern times, however, the use of Indian-influenced script has been replaced by Arabic and Latin.
In addition to stone, ancient manuscripts can also be found in metal (usually bronze) and
organic materials. Lontar or tal leaves (Borassus flabellifer) is one of the most popular. It has been
used for centuries in Java, Bali and Lombok. Today, Balinese still use lontar to write on, mostly for
religious purposes. The application of organic materials may have predated the stone inscriptions in Kutai. However, none of them have survived the tropical environment.
Stone
It is naturally resilient against the harsh tropical environment. The oldest record of
writing in Indonesia was carved in stone in the form of a royal monument in Kutai,
East Kalimantan dated 400 CE. The oldest poetry ever found is a stone carving of
a version of Ramayana epic from 856 CE.
Metal
Bronze, gold and silver were frequently used, at least as far as 1,000 years ago. Precious metals were used mainly for ritual purposes.
Lontar
This material is the medium of choice in ancient Java. Its long horizontal form and
natural characteristic heavily influenced the development of local writing styles.
Balinese people still use lontar for religious purposes.
Nipah Palm Nipah leaves (Nipa fruticans) is thinner than tal leaves. Brush and ink pen are used
for writing. The oldest organic manuscript ever found in Indonesia is a 14th century text written on this medium.
Wood
Wood-carved writings are used to decorate houses and mosques.
Dluwang
Dluwang is a made from Broussonetia papyrifera. Although many call it “Javanese
paper,” it is not made from pulp. Its appearance is similar to wood.
Paper
Paper is a Chinese invention, but it came to Indonesia together with Islam. High
quality European paper further enhanced the quality of Indonesian manuscripts.
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The most famous of all material, the paper, was not widely used in Indonesia until the spread
of Islam in the 13th century. They are mostly used to write in Arabic, Malay, Javanese, Maduran,
Bugis, and Makassar languages. The introduction of high-quality Western papers resulted in the
blossoming of beautiful manuscripts.
Important Writers and Manuscripts
The ability to adapt foreign scripts in order to write in native Indonesian languages opened
new possibilities. The Indian epic Ramayana was written in 856 in an early poetic form known as
kakawin in Old Javanese language. This is the oldest known evidence of Indonesian literature.
One important text is the Nagarakrtagama by Prapanca in 1365. It was written at the height
of the Majapahit Empire, the most powerful of all the kingdoms in Indonesian history. Nagarakrtagama describe the life of the people of the empire, the royal palace, its territory, and royal
lineage. The text is a critical source in studying social and political history of Java.
Other examples of important texts and authors can be seen in the following table.
Ancient Era
Nagarakrtagama
Mpu Prapanca (Java, 1365) - The only kakawin that does not use theme of Indian origin.
Sutasoma
Mpu Tantular (Java, 14th century) - Indonesian state motto “Bhinneka Tunggal Ika” originated from this text.
Hikayat Raja-raja Pasai
(Malay, 14th century) - The oldest Malay chronicle to have survived.
Hikayat Seri Rama
(Malay, before 1633) - Oldest Malay literature on record
La Galigo
(Bugis, between 13th and15th century) - At about 6,000 pages, it is one of the largest literary work in the world.
Colonial Era
Habis Gelap Terbitlah Terang
R.A. Kartini - A collection of personal letters, it is influential for Indonesia’s women movement
Student Hidjo
Mas Marco Kartodikromo (1919) - Indonesia’s first political novel
Siti Nurbaya
Marah Rusli (1922) - Very popular novel, even after almost a century
Belenggu
Armijn Pane (1940) - Indonesia’s first psychological novel
Independence and Modern Era
The Buru Quartet
Pramoedya Ananta Toer (1980s) - This tetralogy is translated to foreign languages, perhaps the best known
novel of modern Indonesia
Roro Mendut
Y.B. Mangunwijaya (1983) - One of the earliest novel that combines Indonesian and Javanese in its passage
Pilgrim
Iwan Simatupang (1975) - Won ASEAN Literary Award in 1977
Many works have been translated to other languages, especially English. The first in post-war
time is the collection of poems The Flaming Earth (1949). However, the most famous Indonesian
work ever translated is The Buru Quartet (or Buru Tetralogy) by Pramoedya Ananta Toer which
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consists of This Earth of Mankind (1981), Child of All Nations (1984), Footsteps (1990), and House of
Glass (1992).
Three Indonesians have won the Ramon Magsaysay Award—which some consider to be
the Asia’s Nobel Prize—for Journalism, Literature, and Creative Communication Arts. They are
Mochtar Lubis (1958), Pramoedya Ananta Toer (1995), and Atmakusuma Astraatmadja (2000).
National leaders or prominent economists, e.g. Moh. Hatta, Pang Lay Kim, Sumitro Djoyohadikusumo, BJ Habibie, and many others, are also productive and excellent non-fiction writers.
In this modern era, with the explosive growth of television stations and cinemas, more and
more works have been adapted to the screen. Many direct-to-television drama and romance
films are taken from novels. The top movies of 2008 are both based on novels. Ayat-ayat Cinta
(Verses of Love, 2004) by Habiburrahmah El Shirazy and Laskar Pelangi (Rainbow Troops, 2005) by
Andrea Hirata are both best-selling novels even before they were blockbuster movies.
The Beginning of the Industry
Publishing industry in Indonesia began during the years of Dutch occupation. The Dutch introduced Western technology to Indonesia. Printing was first introduced by the Roman Catholics in
the 17th century for missionary purposes. Within a few years, the VOC—the Dutch colonial administration in Indonesia—began to use printing machines to print official documents. One notable
early document is the treaty signed by the famous Sultan Hasanuddin of Gowa-Makassar in 1668.
For a while, the industry suffered from lack of raw materials and skilled labor. This started to
improve after the opening of the first bookstore in Batavia (now Jakarta) in 1839. Most publications were story books catered for the needs of Dutch citizens. Printing of periodicals began in
the later half of the century.
By the turn of the century, newspapers began circulation. The interesting fact is that they
were not just for the Dutch. Various local languages were also used, but the Malay language, a
lingua franca in the region, trumped over other languages. Media Prijaji, led by R.M. Tirtodisurjo,
was the first newspaper to have a nationalistic view and fully funded by native Indonesians. Its
existence was a sign of growing Indonesian nationalism. It ran between 1902 and 1908.
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Book publishing was slow to develop, but by the 20th century, it ranked third in colonial Asia, behind
Hong Kong and Singapore. This is evident in the number of items held by libraries all over the world.
In 1910 Dutch Administration founded the Volkslectuur to print school books for local schools.
This printing agency also published books for farmers and adult novels, mostly translated works
by Western authors. A large part of its “Indonesian” publications was Dutch language guide. By
1939, Volkslectuur published around 800 titles and an average print of 5,000. This is larger than
the production of private publishing agencies.
After the Dutch was replaced by the Japanese, Volkslectuur remained in operation. Native
Indonesians were able to take over work from the Dutch. Volkslectuur was later renamed Balai
Pustaka. The company is still in operations until now.
Within half a century, the publishing industry has grown exponentially. At the end of the 20th
century, there were 110 officially-registered printing agencies and 275 news agencies. The latter
used 203 million kilograms of paper and had circulation of 12 million. Indonesian Publishers Association (IKAPI) listed as much 350 book publishers as member; they published around 6,000
titles annually. This number represents a 500% jump from 1945.
Publishing as an Industry
The term “industry” means more than just machineries spewing out products for many consumers, although for most people that is the definition they understand most. In an industry, of
course, there are producers and consumers, and there are also suppliers of materials, equipment,
labor, capital and services. There are various levels of regulators and independent observers and
academics. Although not as advance as those in industrial nations, Indonesian publishing industry is already at a high level of development.
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The main player in this industry, of course, is the publisher or publishing house. This is the
linchpin of the whole industry, where all other elements revolve and connects. While the main
physical material for books is paper, the main essence is intangible. As an intellectual and creativity-based industry, the people working in this industry are intellectuals and professionals. They
are not ordinary people, but highly talented and specialized people, the kind that are usually
university-educated and highly-skilled. Hence, universities and the education system play a big
role as supplier of manpower and partner to the industry. Financial capital and equipment, especially printing machine, are another important factor that supports this industry. And the most
important of all is government, because in its role as regulator, political decision maker, and biggest customer, a government set the macro-environment in which a publisher operates.
In Indonesia, there are different kinds of publishers with different focus. General publishers
release different kinds of books, each has their own publishing characteristics. Some would release a lot of books around social themes, such as history, culture, or politics, while others might
lean toward fictions (e.g. novels, poems). In recent years, many publishers are Islamic, i.e. they
publish books with Islamic themes. These publishers can be large and small, and they are spread
all over the nation. Mizan is an example of publisher of Islamic books.
University presses are usually small in terms of manpower and publications. They are affiliated and created by universities to support their functions and focused on scholarly books. Examples of this are UI Press and Gama Press. Some other publishers focus on school textbooks.
They don’t release as many titles as general publishers and probably less known by the general
public, but their revenue is quite high because
the market for school books is huge. Ganeca Exact, Erlangga, and Tiga Serangkai are examples
of publishers that release mostly school/university books and other education titles.
The largest publishers usually publish many
kinds of books, sometimes under different
brand names or through various subsidiaries.
Examples of this category are Kompas-Gramedia
(Bhuana Ilmu Perkasa, ElexMedia Komputindo,
Grasindo, etc.), AgroMedia (GagasMedia, Kawan
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Pustaka, etc.), Mizan (Mizan Pustaka, Bentang
Pustaka, etc.) Most of these large publishers are
headquartered in Jakarta or Bandung, but have
offices in other cities.
From Ideas to Books
The process of publishing of a book usually starts with an acquisition of a manuscript or
proposal from a writer or author (can be a single person or a group of people). This could happen in two ways: either the publisher request the author to write a book
with particular theme and content, or the author submits the manuscript to
publisher directly without any request from the publisher, or in other word,
unsolicited.
The source of manuscript is abundant, because Indonesian authors have
varying education and geography. The poet and essayist Goenawan Mohammad was born in Central Java and studied psychology and politic in university. Young female novelist Fira Basuki was born in East Java and a US graduate. Among the three Ramon Magsaysay Award laureates, Mochtar Lubis
came from West Sumatra, Pramoedya Ananta Toer from Central Java, and
Atmakusuma Astraatmadja from Banten. While the productive and multi-talented Putu Wijaya is a Balinese with a law degree.
Inside the publisher’s organization, the editor would play a critical role. He
or she would act like a project manager for the publication. If the editor likes
the manuscript, the process of publication will continue to the next step. The
editor and author will work together to develop the content of the manuscript further. The art (e.g. cover of the book) and marketing (e.g. promotion strategy, distribution) aspects will be the developed by working together with other departments of the publishing house. After everyone agrees with the final result, the editor will send it to the printer for
production.
Some publishing houses operate their own printing machines. Some other would use the service of a printing company. The latter is especially true for a small publisher or a self-publisher—
i.e. an author that publish his/her own books without the help of a publishing house. In any case,
the editor would work together with authors or production team to ensure that the book meets
the standard of quality, cost, and time.
Before publishing, publisher could request an ISBN number. ISBN stands for International
Standard Book Number. It is a unique numerical identifier and assigned to each edition and
variation of a book (except reprinting). International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is
responsible for the standard and since 2007 it is 13 digits long. ISO also has similar identifier,
the International Standard Serial Number (ISSN), for publications of periodicals such as magazines. In Indonesia, ISBN is administered by the National Library while ISSN National Centre for
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Indonesia is the Centre for Scientific Documentation and Information, a division of Indonesian
Institute of Sciences (LIPI). The two are government agencies and are located in Jakarta.
From Publishers to Consumers
There are several ways for a publisher to sell its books. The simplest way would be to sell directly to consumers through a publisher-owned bookstore. Traditionally, this proves to be quite
difficult, because the publisher has to have an extensive network of stores to reach a lot of consumers. Especially difficult is reaching for readers in other countries or distant locations. Hence,
the need for the middlemen; in this case, the distributors and the retailers.
A common method is for the publisher to distribute books through distributors. These distributors buy a large numbers of copies of various titles from different publishers. For purchasing
in large quantity, a distributor will receive a considerable discount off the list price a consumer
would pay at the counter. The distributor will then sell those books in smaller volume to various
independent bookstores in its area of operation. For
large bookstores or those that are part of a chain
of bookstores, publisher usually interacts directly
without the help of a distributor. Bookstores would
also receive a discount from distributor or publisher. Many such distributors exist in Indonesia.
In recent years, the development of new technology has change the dynamic of this relationship. Telecommunication technologies—most notably the Internet—enable many publishers to sell
direct. A consumer can browse for books through
the publisher’s website and place orders, the publisher will then send the books through the mail.
Transportation also changes dramatically. The vast
bodies of water that separate Indonesian islands
are no longer a barrier. Shipping lines have connect ports in various islands, big and small. Airlines have also reached and connect the once remote areas of this archipelago with regular and
reliable flights.
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The most famous example of this new distribution channel is the US-based Amazon.com.
There is no Indonesian equivalent for Amazon.com, but many Indonesian publishers are already
present in this so-called marketspace, albeit in limited ways compared to those in US and Europe. Newspaper and magazine publishers have websites where they publish their printed-on-
paper contents in various degrees of details. Book publishers, too, have online stores or online
book catalogs where consumers can browse or do online transactions.
Publishing and The Media
In recent years, many publishers have expanded their business to other related areas, and
sometimes non-publishing companies have entered publishing. These two trends have created
a group of media companies. The matrix below will illustrate the extent of the conglomeration in
the publishing and printing industry.
This conglomeration signal two facts. First, publishing is a profitable industry, and publishers
have enough cash to expand and invest in other businesses. Second, publishers have considerable control over the value chain and therefore guarantee stability of growth and revenue in
the face of adverse situation like supply scarcity (paper supply is secured) or cyclical downturn
(cross-subsidy from other businesses).
Publishing Printing
Retail and
Print Media
Broadcast Online
Distribution
Pulp
and Paper
Other
√
Kompas-Gramedia
√
√
√
√
√
√
Jawa Pos
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
Toko Gunung Agung
√
√
√
Media Group
√
√
√
√
Mizan
√
√
√
√
√
Tjiwi Kimia
√
√
√
√
Tiga Serangkai
√
√
√
√
Ganeca Exact
√
√
√
√
Erlangga
√
√
√
Agro Media
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
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The Printing Industry
Publishing and printing are intertwined. Mass publication was made possible by the invention of printing machines. Printing of books is the most important part of printing industry. However, there are areas where the two are not connected. Modern publishing are exploring digital
media, especially the Internet. On the other hand, printers have been printing products other
than books or periodicals for a long time.
With abundance of raw materials and highly-skilled workforce, Indonesian printers have competed globally. Some examples: Perum Peruri of Jakarta produced passport books for Sri Lanka.
PT Karya Toha Putra of Semarang, Central Java is capable of manufacturing about 250,000 hard-
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cover copies of the Quran—the Islamic holy book—every month and many are exported. The
Jawa Pos Group of Surabaya, East Java, prints around 50 million copies of education books to be
distributed in Afghanistan. The Offset Division of Pura Group of Kudus, Central Java, can supply
up to 3 billion units of packaging and printing products every year.
Security Printing
Security printing is a segment of the printing industry that produces items like banknotes,
passports, stock certificates, postage stamps, identity cards, insurance policy, etc. The main objective is to prevent forgery and counterfeiting, and therefore demand technological innovation.
This segment is not only lucrative, but also highly strategic to a country’s economic and political
existence.
Postage stamps and banknotes are of strategic importance for a country. In Indonesia, the
Government owned Perum Peruri or Percetakan Uang Republik Indonesia (which translates to
The Indonesian Government Security Printing and Minting Corporation)—it is an Indonesian version of the U.S. Mint and The British Royal Mint, and more. Government Regulation Number 32 of
2006 assigned Peruri to print Indonesian Rupiah (both paper and coin), immigration documents,
excised stamps, duty stamps and land certificate, but the company also produces other security
products for public and private institutions.
Peruri is not the only company in security printing. PT Jasuindo Tiga Perkasa, a publicly-listed
company based in Sidoarjo, East Java, is also producing security products. Another company is
PT Pura Binaka Mandiri, a division of Pura Group of Kudus, Central Java.
Digital Press
This category covers printing using digital technology which includes web-to-print technology, high-volume digital printing equipment, and print-on-demand services. Digital printing is
usually used for low-quantity print runs and for custom-made products. Major users includes
advertising and marketing related units of companies and agencies. These commercial printing
includes banners, business cards, brochures, and signs. This kind of service exists in every major
city. Many of the companies are small and family-run, but bigger operations are also available.
17
18
Fertile Archipelago
for Exceptional
Creativity
Government can create environment that foster
creativity through policies that produce political and
social stability, prosperity, and strong institutional
foundation
Government has a double-edged role in publishing industry. On one hand, it can restrain
industry through censorship and strict rules that curb creativity. On the other hand, government
can create environment that foster creativity through policies that produce political and social
stability, prosperity, and strong institutional foundation. The most visible role of government in
publishing is the one that is frequently criticized: censorship. However, much of Indonesian censorship law has been revoked after 1998, and now publishers enjoy a high degree of creative
freedom.
The Government has also put in place policies that should help national publishers and printers and also boost national education standard. Importation of books or other products of the
printing industry in Indonesian language or Indonesian regional languages are restricted. However, realizing that the education system needs better input, the Government will restitute or
exempt import duties for science books.
The most significant government involvement related to publishing industry in recent years
has been the passing of Regulation of the Minister of National Education Number 2 of the year
2008. This rule regulates the sale of textbooks to schools. The Government would buy copyrights
of some textbooks and then allow schools, families, local governments, and companies to download the materials for free and print them. Although this regulation is a challenge to many es-
19
tablished publishers, it also opens up an opportunity for new players. Because of the digital distribution and publicly-owned copyright of the books, many publishers can download and print
the books and then sell it to the market. The result should be lower priced school books, faster
distribution, and less concentration and dependence on established publishers in big cities.
At the regional level, provincial governments are increasingly aware of the importance of
publishing. Some provinces have already run programs to encourage local industry. This is done
by, among others, allocating provincial budget to purchase books which are (1) written by local
authors, (2) printed by local printers, or (3) contains local themes. Some other works together
with IKAPI (the association of publishers) to sponsor or organize book fairs that focus on their
respective provincial characteristics. For example, provincial governments of West Sumatra and
Yogyakarta have agreed to support IKAPI in Frankfurt Book Fair.
Intellectual Property
Another crucial issue is intellectual property rights. Because books are intellectual creation,
protecting books from illegal copying and distribution is crucial. The Government has a new
Copyright Law of 2002 that would protect copyrights of books, typographical arrangement of
published works, and all other written works. The law also assigned the Directorate General of
Intellectual Property Rights to be in-charge of registration of copyrights.
Copyright Applications
Received by the Directorate General of Intellectual Property Right
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
20
1000
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Source: Directorate General of Intellectual Property Right (www.dgip.go.id)
Education
The new constitutional amendment requires the Government to allocate 20% of its annual
budget to education sector. Although it took a couple of years longer than expected for the
Government to adjust to this requirement, 2009 budget of the Ministry of National Education
will be the largest ever in Indonesian history, far exceed other ministries and institutions. One
can expect more spending and investment in facilities, trainings, and research that will improve
the competitiveness of Indonesian people and businesses. Some of those will no doubt be directed to support Indonesia’s creative industries, including publishing and printing, as 2009 is
also planned to be The Year of Creative Industry.
Among the many agencies operated by the Ministry of National Education, one is directly related to publishing and printing. Established in April 26, 1969, the Indonesian Centre of Graphic
Arts (abbreviated as Pusgrafin) is the Government’s direct involvement to develop publishing
and printing industry through development of technology, training of human resources, dissemination of information, and consulting to increase operating efficiency of publishing and printing
companies. The Center is located in Srengseng area in South Jakarta, but also operates provincial
centers in other cities.
Education is a big priority of the Indonesian Government. Policy of six years compulsoryschooling age has been extended to nine years. Government opened schools in remote areas
and supply them with teachers, founded state universities in every provincial capitals and other
big cities. Thanks to this policy, Indonesia has a high literacy rate.
The education system, especially university, is very important to the publishing industry. On
one hand it creates a society that value books and knowledge highly. An educated society is usually more affluent and therefore is more incline to purchase books. In short, it creates consumers
and demand. UNESCO predicts that by 2015 Indonesia will have 94.2% adult literacy rate and
99.2% youth literacy rate. This would mean a very large market for books.
On the other hand, education supplies the industry with talents. Indonesian authors come
from diverse background, and many of them have higher education. Only people with enough
intellectual capacity and spare time can invest their resource to writing a book. Other than authors, the education system also produces talented workers such as graphic designers, editorial
staffs, and technicians that the industry needs. Education has a profound influence to production
and supply because it provides the industry with skilled workers and creative talents.
21
One example is the SMK Grafika Desa Putera (Desa Putera Graphic Vocational High School)
in southern Jakarta. Established in 1947, it now has modern teaching facilities and equipments
equal to many of the leading publishing house and printing companies. The school boasts hundreds of students and over 2,000 alumni. Another example is Universitas Multimedia Nusantara
which was founded by Kompas-Gramedia Group, one of the largest media conglomerate in Indonesia. Some of the programs are Communication Science and Visual Communication Design.
Also part of developing education and literacy, the President signed the Library Act (Number
43/2007) which is the main guideline in developing the library system in Indonesia. The National
Library in Jakarta is the Government main arm in this task. However, some individual provincial
governments have realized the importance of maintaining a good library system and have established programs to improve local libraries.
Technology
Publishing is a technology-intensive industry. The obvious one is printing technology. Before
there were woodblock printing or movable type printing, dissemination of ideas was difficult
and restricted. Guttenberg’s invention revolutionized publishing and the world as a whole.
Breakthrough in technology creates new opportunity, new market, and new frontier to explore and conquer. The invention of writing opens a new world of literature. The advancement
of writing method and media enable literature to spread further and faster. In this modern era,
three technologies are particularly important for publishing and printing: offset printing, desktop publishing, digital press, and the Internet.
Offset printing is a commonly used printing technique where the inked is transferred (or in
other word “offset”) from a plate to a rubber blanket to the printing surface. The bulk of the cost
is spent on preparation, for example in the making of the plate. Additional page will only cost the
price of extra paper and ink. Therefore, the more you print, the less you pay per page. Offset printing is the most common form of high-volume commercial printing because it has advantages in
quality and efficiency for high-volume job. Kanisius printing company in Yogyakarta is the first to
own a commercial offset printing machine in the 1960s.
22
Digital printing, in contrast, is generally used for low-quantity print runs. Digital printing uses
digital technology such as laser printer and ink-jet printer. The advantage of digital printing is
in its flexibility. You can print different image quickly and cheaply, as opposed to offset printing
which print thousands of the same image. Digital printing enables printon-demand service. Digital printing is used internally in offices or homes,
but also in commercial services. Professional digital printing shops are
available in every major city in Indonesia. They are mostly working to help
companies to make promotion or communication materials.
Desktop publishing (sometimes called DTP) refers to the technology
that utilizes computer in publishing. Here, editing, typesetting, layout,
and other publishing functions are done in a computer by using publishing and graphic software. All the process becomes faster and the product
better. The ‘what-you-see-is-what-you-get’ (WYSIWYG) feature of DTP software makes it easy and practical for designers to create and modify layout.
Designer can store the project digitally and modify it at later times or use
some elements of the project for other projects. With DTP, even small publishing companies can create high quality design. DTP is now a staple in
any publishing and printing companies, large or small.
Now, every Indonesian publishing house uses computer. In a small
publishing house, an editor might work in his computer just a few meters
away from a printing machine. Although the highly-celebrated computer
company Apple is credited as starting this segment by launching the Macintosh computer and LaserWriter printer series, Indonesian publishers
tend to use the PC because of its relatively low price while still maintain an
adequate level of quality.
The latest and perhaps most important technological development in
the past decade is the Internet. Internet first becomes important as a promotion channel, a new showcase for books and other publications. As transaction technology becomes better, Internet also becomes a new channel
of distribution, as companies open their online stores to sell their physical
goods. Yet, distribution of books have change again, publishers not only sell
books, but also e-books, a digital and non-physical version with the same
contents as ordinary books. Data can be transferred and downloaded to
computers or handheld devices and then read by consumers without ever
having to print it on paper.
23
E-book is still in its early stage, but distribution of news by non-paper “newspaper” is already
a big business in itself. Most big newspapers—Kompas, Jawa Pos, Media Indonesia, etc.—have
online presence while news websites like detik.com are also a popular Internet site.
Newspapers have used digital distribution in another manner. Typical of the news business,
morning edition has to arrive in the newsstand in the morning. For a country the size of Indonesia, this is particularly challenging. It takes hours for an airplane from the industrialized Java
Island to reach eastern Indonesian regions. Hence, centralized printing is not a good option.
News publishers create a solution by building regional printing offices. With digital technology, the central editorial staffs can email the finished layout of the newspaper to the regional
offices and let the local printing and distribution people to handle the rest. This same method
is now being used by school book publishers to print and distribute books to disparate areas, as
envisioned by the Regulation of the Minister of National Education Number 2/2008.
Book Fairs and Exhibitions
Book fair is an effective media to promote books as well as to increase cooperation and exchange between publishers from all over the world. In Indonesia, the largest book fairs are held
annually in Jakarta by IKAPI. The Jakarta Book Fair and Jakarta Islamic Book Fair are very popular
events for book lovers as well as industry players. Major book publishers from all over the country will take part in these exhibitions. Foreign language books are also represented, and one can
even find second hand book sellers. In addition to those fairs, other publishers or organization
may organize their own book fairs, for example Gramedia Book Fair by Kompas-Gramedia Group.
While in other cities, local IKAPI and publishers organized local book fairs. IKAPI also has a permanent exhibition space in Jakarta’s affluent Kelapa Gading district for various publishers from all
over the country to exhibit their books.
Indonesian companies regularly attend two important book fairs in the world. The Frankfurt
Book Fair is held every October and recognized as the world’s largest trade fair for books in terms
of publishing companies represented. Thousands of exhibitiors and visitors from hundreds of
countries attend. Most of them are there for copyrights and licensing fees. The Cairo International
24
Book Fair is also important for the global publishing industry, with attendance that could reach
around 2 million people. Participation in these trade fairs have been fruitful for Indonesian publishers. In 2007 Frankfurt Book Fair, for example, it was reported that there was an interest for 13
copyrights licensing and 10 distributorships negotiations for Indonesian books.
Community and Industry Association
The Indonesian Book Publishers Association or IKAPI was founded in
Jakarta, May 17, 1950 with only 13 members. It aims at developing Indonesian book publishing industry to a level that can serve national as well as
international markets. As of 2008, it has around 943 members, distributed
in 11 provincial branches and 3 representative offices. IKAPI has been working very hard to promote books and publishing. It is not just a lobby group,
the most visible action of IKAPI is the organizing of events and programs in
promotion. IKAPI of Jakarta, for example, organize two annual exhibitions in
Jakarta, Jakarta Book Fair and Islamic Book Fair. IKAPI also coordinate members in attending major book fairs in the world. Some of the regular venues
are Frankfurt Book Fair and Cairo International Book Fair.
Another group is the Association of Indonesian Graphic Companies
(PPGI). The group was founded in Jakarta on November 7, 1974. PPGI is
committed to increase the capabilities of printing and graphic-related
businesses through improvement of quality and fair competition. To
achieve this, they work closely with the Government, both national and
local. Some of the activities are training sessions in cooperation with Pusgrafin and ISO 9001-2000 certification/training funded by Provincial Government of Jakarta Capital Territory.
A non-profit group worthy of mention is Yayasan Lontar (the Lontar
Foundation). This non-profit was founded in 1987 by four leading Indonesian writers (Goenawan Mohamad, Sapardi Djoko Damono, Umar Kayam,
and Subagio Sastrowardoyo) and an American translator John H. McGlynn. Its main activity is the promotion of Indonesian art, especially literary
works, to Indonesians and the world community. It has published plenty
of masterpieces by Indonesian writers, e.g. the pre-war novel Shackles
(Armijn Pane, 1988), the poems Suddenly the Night (Sapardi Djoko Damono, 1988), Walking Westward in the Morning: Seven Contemproary Indonesian Poets anthology (1991), the plays Time Bomb and Cockroach Opera
(N. Riantiarno, 1992).
25
Industrial Centers and Important Cities
Publishing and printing are industries that centered in and around cities. To get a picture of
publishing activities in each region, we can turn to IKAPI. This organization is the association of
publishers in Indonesia and boasts 943 members. Membership and organization of IKAPI as of
2008 is as follow:
IKAPI Membership
26
Organization Level
Province
Provincial Jakarta
378
West Java
180
Central Java
119
Yogyakarta
62
East Java
109
Bali
13
North Sumatera
18
West Sumatera
6
Riau
8
West Kalimantan
8
South Sulawesi
10
Representative Office
Aceh
7
South Sumatera
10
East Nusa Tenggara
4
Membership
Source : IKAPI (Assosiation of Indonesian Publishers)
We could see the main regions in this industry. The following are assessment of the major cities and the regions around them. Each has their own characteristics and uniqueness in terms of
publishing and printing.
Jakarta
Jakarta is a provincial-level city and the national capital. It is the country’s administrative
center as well as its commercial center. When referring to Jakarta, one cannot separate Jakarta’s
administrative border from the surrounding conurbation known as Jabodetabek (Jakarta-BogorDepok-Tangerang-Bekasi). This Greater Jakarta area covers an area of 7,315 square km and population of 23.6 million. Although administratively separated in three separate provincial entities,
the areas are inter-related and interdependent.
The population is relatively highly educated and affluent. The culture is cosmopolitan, dynamic, creative, and forward-looking. In short, a good market for publication of every sort. In
Indonesia, Jakarta is the biggest market for publications, both books and periodicals.
The majority of publishing companies is based and has offices in Jakarta. The most visible
characteristic of those companies are strong capital base, modern operation, and national—
even international—outlook. Many among them are part of a larger media group that also operates other related business units, e.g. graphic design, advertising, television or radio broadcasts,
or distribution channels.
In total, Jakarta has IKAPI 378 members and 474 PPGI members. This is the largest concentration of publishing and printing businesses in Indonesia.
PPGI Membership in Jakarta
Districts of Jakarta
Number of PPGI Members
All of Jakarta
474
Central Jakarta
119
North Jakarta
26
South Jakarta
96
East Jakarta
185
West Jakarta
48
Source: PPGI Jakarta website
In addition to companies, this region is also a center of education and science, with leading
state universities (Universitas Indonesia, Universitas Negeri Jakarta) and private ones (e.g. Universitas Trisakti, Universitas Pelita Harapan, etc) located in this area.
27
Bandung and West Java Province
Surrounding Jakarta is the province of West Java. It is the largest province in terms of population and GDP, a magnet for thousands of immigrant workers from all over the country. It is also
the location of many of Indonesia’s leading universities, important government institutions and
Indonesia’s manufacturing base. This is also true for the publishing and printing sector. The province ranks second to Jakarta in IKAPI membership.
As the capital of West Java and its most developed city, Bandung has a
dominant role in publishing and printing industry. Universities produce many
skillful graduates as well as academic papers and literary works. Publications
from Bandung are usually characterized by their technology, science, modern,
and lifestyle themes.
Although advance in technology, Bandung is also fashionable. It has boutiques and factory outlets, thriving on the combination of Bandung’s good design schools and and garment industry. Architects, interior designers, and industrial designers also leave their marks in the daily lives of Bandung citizens.
Colonial era architecture sits comfortably with modern buildings. Computer
technology is a common thing. Everything in Bandung breathes creativity and
innovation, the brain and lifeblood of publishing.
The most famous example of publishers originating from Bandung are Mizan and Ganeca
Exact. Ganeca Exact is one of the largest publishers of school books. Its new 3000 sqm factory
east of Jakarta is one of the most advance printing facilities in Indonesia. While Mizan is the publisher of many good quality Islamic publications, its top best seller is a tetralogy of novels. Laskar
Pelangi (Rainbow Troops) is not just a literary phenomenon but also a movie box office of 2008.
The governments of West Java and Bandung understood that Bandung has a competitive
advantage in creative industries, especially where technology, fashion, and design come into
play. Bandung Creative City is a government initiative specifically aimed to develop and take
advantage of this competitiveness.
Yogyakarta
Yogyakarta is unique among other regions in Indonesia. It is the only region in Indonesia
28
where its traditional royal family has a legal and practical power in politics and government administration. One implication of this continuity in politics and government is stability in cultural
development. The long Javanese literary tradition of its people has nothing but grew and spread
to Indonesian literature. However, in recent years, a different kind of development has emerged
in Yogyakarta, one that is not evident in other areas of the country. And that is the flourishing of
small and independent publishers.
After the New Order government was replaced, new media outlets have sprung out across
the nation, not least in publishing. After the old censorship and media control laws were revoked,
many people become writers and new publishing houses were set up. The growth in numbers
of writers is not surprising for Yogyakarta, long a center of creativity and culture. However, the
growth of number of publishers is different to other regions because many are independent
publishers, i.e. they are not members of IKAPI, the association of publishers. One unofficial estimate from IKAPI’s Yogyakarta branch predicts the numbers of publishers in Yogyakarta area
today at around 200 with only 47 of them are IKAPI member.
Yogyakarta’s publishers are also unique among other major centers in their style and genres.
As a cultural and education center, as well as a tourist destination—but not manufacturing, commercial or financial center—a large number of publications falls in the cultural category, e.g. poems in Javanese language, social studies, cultural history, art, etc.
The local government of Yogyakarta realized the passion of its citizens for art and culture and
give supports accordingly. The City of Yogyakarta is known throughout Indonesia as Student
City. This nickname derived from the fact that Yogyakarta is the home to many of Indonesia’s
prominent universities and has always been a city of choice for people to find good education.
Among the best known is Universitas Gajah Mada (UGM), this state university is one of the oldest,
largest, and respectable university in the country. In the early days of Indonesian Independence
the Sultan of Yogyakarta supported UGM to the full by allowing the university to use a large part
of his palace for curricular activities.
This kind of sponsorship to education and culture continues until today. One of the most recent and obvious example is the redevelopment
of shopping area in the center of
the city into Taman Pintar (meaning
Smart Park). This park was built with
education and intelligentsia in mind.
It is equipped with museums, children’s playground, and, most importantly to the discussion of this
book, a large center of books retailing. In this book center, one can find any titles of books, magazines,
copies of academic papers, and encyclopedias on the cheap. It is an obvious acknowledgement to the
needs of the city’s thousands of students, teachers, intellectuals, and literati.
29
Surabaya and East Java Province
Surabaya is the administrative capital of East Java province and Indonesia’s second city after
Jakarta in terms of population, GDP, technology, and cosmopolitanism. Surabaya is the location
of at least three important state universities, Indonesia’s second largest port, a manufacturing
center, and the gateway to eastern Indonesia, while East Java is Indonesia’s most populous province. Yet, its publishing industry lags behind Jakarta, Bandung, and Yogyakarta. IKAPI lists many
members from East Java, but they are mostly small players compared to those three cities.
The position of Surabaya is important because of two reasons: First, it is the gateway to eastern Indonesia. It is the eastern-most major city in the highly-industrialized Java Island. Many
products from other cities in Java would pass Surabaya’s Tanjung Perak port to reach eastern Indonesian cities in Sulawesi, Papua, etc. Because of this Surabaya houses many book distributors.
The second reason is its manufacturing prowess. East Java has a couple of large paper manufacturers and printers. More specifically, Tjiwi Kimia, perhaps Indonesia’s largest exporter of stationery and printing products is located about 30 km south-west of Surabaya. The movement
of materials and goods to and from this company would need to pass Surabaya’s Tanjung Perak
port. Because of this one company alone, Surabaya is listed at the top among book exporters in
the country.
Surabaya in itself has no shortage of intellectuals and aspiring authors, but unlike Yogyakarta,
Surabaya is a manufacturing and commercial hub, not cultural. Authors and writers from Surabaya and other East Java cities would use the service of publishing houses in other regions. What
Surabaya lack in publishing creativity, it covers with capabilities in printing. The two printing
companies that are listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange—Tjiwi Kimia and Jasuindo Tiga Perkasa—are based in East Java.
Publishing and Printing in East Java
Number of Companies
232
Number of Companies with Export Operations
Manpower
2,301 persons
Value of Investment
IDR 22,517,556,053
30
(US$ 2,297,710)
Production capacity
IDR 1,430,070,491,600
(US$ 145,925,560)
Value of Raw Materials Used
25
IDR 41,702,906,500
(US$ 4,255,399)
Source: East Java Provincial Department of Industry and Trade
31
Distribution of IKAPI membership
(Indonesian Book Publishers Association)
ACEH
2007
5
2008
7
WEST KALIMANTAN
2007
2008
8
8
NORTH SUMATRA
2007
2008
17
18
RIAU
2007
8
2008
8
SOUTH SUMATRA
2007
2008
8
10
WEST SUMATRA
2007
2008
6
6
32
CENTRAL JAVA
2007
2008
114
119
JAKARTA
2007
326
2008
378
WEST JAVA
2007
2008
169
180
YOGYAKARTA
2007
2008
55
62
EAST JAVA
2007
102
The membership of IKAPI is a reflection
of the development of publishing industry in
Indonesia and its regions. Founded in Jakarta,
May 17, 1950 with only 13 members, by 2008
the group has grown into 943 members and
over a dozen offices across the country.
SOUTH SULAWESI
2007
2008
9
10
2008
109
WEST NUSA TENGGARA
2007
2008
4
4
33
BALI
2007
9
2008
13
Delivering Books to The
Trading Shelves
Indonesian export is rising. Between 2002 and 2006,
annual growth in dollar value has risen in double digit
Publishing is big business. In terms of newspaper alone, World Association of Newspapers
estimates that the circulation of the world’s top 100 newspapers in 2005 exceeded 150 million,
with the smallest among those 100 sold about 600 thousands.
It is easy to predict that prosperous countries and societies with high literacy would dominate the list. The highly literate and affluent Japan taking 7 of the Top 10 spots, while 2 Chinese
newspapers were number 8 and 9. The only non-Asian newspaper in the Top 10 was Germany’s
Bild at number 6.
World’s 100 Largest Newspapers
Rank Title
Country
1
Yomiuri Shimbun
Japan
14,067
2
The Asahi Shimbun
Japan
12,121
3
Mainichi Shimbun
Japan
5,587
4
Nihon Keizai Shimbun
Japan
4,635
5
Chunichi Shimbun
Japan
4,512
6
Bild
Germany
3,867
7
Sankei Shimbun
Japan
2,757
8
Canako Xiaoxi (Beijing)
China
2,627
9
People’s Daily
China
2,509
10
Tokyo Sports
Japan
2,425
34
Circulation (000)
Source: World Association of Newspapers website
The list is based on circulation, without separating domestic or overseas circulation. Countries with large number of affluent and educated population will top the list. The situation in
Indonesia should be good, given that Indonesia has over 200 million mostly literate inhabitants.
However, as the following table shows, that is not entirely true. This would mean of Indonesia has
huge potential for growth.
Newspaper Circulation in Indonesia
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004 2005
Daily newspapers
Number of titles 1,050
566 680
N/A
N/A
863
Number of titles per 1,000,000 inhabitants 4.96 2.64 3.13 N/A
N/A
3.82
Number of titles per 1,000,000 literate inhabitants N/A
4.28 5.05 N/A
N/A
5.90
Non-daily newspapers
Number of titles
746
306
289
331
349
N/A
Number of titles per 1,000,000 inhabitants 3.52 1.43 1.33 1.50 1.56 N/A
Number of titles per 1,000,000 literate inhabitants N/A
.31 2.14 N/A
2.43 N/A
Total average circulation N/A
N/A 5,608,000 5,617,000 5,617,000
N/A
Total average circulation per 1,000 inhabitants N/A
N/A
25.79 25.49 25.16 N/A
Total average circulation per 1,000 literate inhabitants N/A
N/A
41.61 N/A
39.06 N/A
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics
Value of Trade in Publishing and Printing
Global Market
Value of global market for publishing and printing is reasonably high. According to Publishing: Global Industry Guide, by the Ireland-based organization Research and Markets, global publishing market grew by 2.3% in 2007 to US$ 441 billion. If that number seems small, the report
also predicts that it will grow by another 12.2% to reach US$ 498.4 billion in 2012.
Based on an estimate by World Association of Newspapers, newspapers worldwide employ 2
million people and have 1.6 billion readers. The circulation of the world’s top 100 newspapers in
2005 was more than 150 million.
35
In 2007, worldwide imports of product category HS 49 (Printed books, newspapers, pictures,
etc.) reached US$ 42,878,080—a 13 percent increase from 2006—and USA was the largest importer with US$ 5,485,259.
World’s Largest Importers of Printed Matter
Other Countries
Czech Republic
Mexico
Australia
Japan
Russian Federation
Netherlands
Austria
Hong Kong
Belgium
Switzerland
Germany
France
Canada
United Kingdom
United States of America
United Kingdom
Canada
France
Germany
Switzerland
Belgium
Hong Kong
Austria
Netherlands
Russian Federation
Japan
Australia
Mexico
Czech Republic
Other Countries
0
2,000,000
4,000,000
6,000,000
8,000,000
10,000,000
12,000,000
5,485,259
3,520,125
3,261,094
2,576,653
2,496,332
1,826,213
1,341,727
1,270,608
1,187,675
1,016,949
943,252
879,742
874,037
871,628
862,936
14,463,850
14,000,000
16,000,000
Source : ITC, Trade Map
Indonesian Domestic Market
The value of Indonesian domestic market is more difficult to measure. However, some other
indicators can be used to see how big the market is. The information below is obtained from the
2007 Financial Statements of PT Toko Gunung Agung, Tbk. It is a publicly-listed company and one
of the largest chains of bookstores in Indonesia.
PT. Toko Gunung Agung Tbk.
Sales of Books and Stationeries in 2007
IDR 203,615,614,327
(equivalent to US$ 21,619,835 at exchange rate of US$1=IDR9,418
used by the company for its annual financial statement)
Number of outlets
29 stores
Sales space
26,153 sqm
Employees
2,412 people
Average sales
Per outlet
Per sqm
Per employee
US$ 745,511
US$ 827
US$ 8,963
Source : PT Toko Gunung Agung, Tbk 2007 Financial Statement
Also consider the fact that there are other large chains. Gramedia is the largest among them.
Its website lists 60 stores, twice that of Gunung Agung. There are other chains, including the
local ones—Togamas, Karisma, Aksara, Social Agency, etc.—as well as foreign ones—Periplus,
36
Kinokuniya, Maruzen, etc. Outlets of those bookstore chains can reach more than 150. Other
distribution channels are the thousands of independent bookstores, second-hand book sellers,
and, most importantly, direct-sales channels. A large number of publishers are producing school
books and most of those publishers had been selling direct to schools or government agencies,
and most students buy books in this manner.
Example of Major Bookstores Operating in Indonesia
Bookstores
Gramedia
60
Gunung Agung
29
Aksara
4
Periplus
35
Kinokuniya
4
Togamas
13
Social Agency
3
Number of stores
Source : Interviews and company websites
The market for books in Indonesia is worth at least hundreds of millions of dollar, and still
growing rapidly. As a comparison, United Kingdom’s The Publishers Association and Office of
National Statistics reported that in 2007 the value of UK book market was estimated at GP 3.5
billion or around US$ 5 billion.
Indonesian Export Market
In early 20th century, Indonesia still ranked third after Singapore and Hong Kong among the
colonies in Asia. Today, Indonesia is no longer a major player in the world of printing and publishing. Even though it was once in the top tier of producers in Asia, its rank in various kinds of
printed matters has declined.
Although it may not be the dominant player, it is still a major player. Both the value and quantity of export has been rising steadily. Between 2002 and 2006, annual growth in dollar value has
risen in double digit. Even with the influx of foreign publications, Indonesian trade balance in
various categories of printed matters is positive.
WORLD EXPORTS
2007 Data
Annual growth
2003-2007 (%)
HS CODE
Share (%)
Rank Value Trade balance Value Quantity
(US$ ‘000) (US$ ‘000)
4901 Printed books, brochures, leaflets & similar printed matter
0.11
47
19,111
(30,373)
4
0
4902 Newspapers, journals & periodicals
0.03
56
2,305
(1,263)
35
9
4903 Children’s picture, drawing or colouring books
0.04
44
327
68
3
-1
4904 Music printed or in manuscript
0.01
44
6
(192)
-30
-
4909 Postcards, printed or illustrated; printed greeting cards
0.46
22
5,903
5,849
-6
-19
4910 Calendars of any kind, printed, including calendar blocks
0.16
45
759
289
-19
24
4911 Other printed matter, including printed pictures and photographs
0.06
57
6,686
(1,131)
31
7
Source: Ministry of Trade/ITC
37
Indonesian Source of Exports
Jakarta is the main gateway of export, followed by the province of East Java. The disparity between the two provinces and other regions are so striking. This can be explained by two factors:
First, the two main cities (Jakarta and Surabaya) are the centers of a large manufacturing region.
Second, the two cities operate Indonesia’s largest ports (Tanjung Priok in Jakarta and Tanjung
Perak in Surabaya). Many expotrs from nearby areas are channeled through these two ports.
Exports of All Categories of Products of Printing Industry as
US$
Represented by HS Code 4901-4911
30,000,000
25,000,000
20,000,000
15,000,000
10,000,000
5,000,000
2003
2004
DKI JAKARTA
2005
EAST JAVA
2006
2007
OTHER REGIONS
Source: Central Bureau of Statistics
HS 4901 : PRINTED BOOKS, BROCHURE, LEAFLETS & SIMILAR PRINTED MATTER
Shipment of this category mainly headed to Indonesia’s traditional trading partners: USA, the
Netherlands, Hong Kong, and Singapore. However, the appearance of Nepal on the top of the
list for HS 490199000 (Other brochure, leaflets and similar) is a sign that Indonesia’s has the potential to enter other markets. This is proven by the ability of JawaPos Group to receive an order
of around 50 million set of books from Afghanistan. Undoubtedly, complete data for 2008 will
show some surprises.
38
490110000 PRINTED BOOKS IN SINGLE SHEETS (in US$)
COUNTRY
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
USA
THE NETHERLANDS
SPAIN GERMANY UK ITALY FRANCE AUSTRALIA BELGIUM POLANDIA Other
Total Exports
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
4,078,015 224,513 184,717 263,121 326,146 337,676 558,647 139,471 109,923 34,599 1,860,507 3,266,105 282,057 608,046 1,381,734 663,901 573,971 384,146 189,147 188,547 258,933 2,634,910 4,501,791 16,882 904,302 3,168,964 1,584,864 148,435 155,669 368,012 258,311 107,881 9,904,434 2,659,732 1,014,615 1,133,467 1,165,753 880,806 365,628 205,899 1,336,113 328,793 103,285 10,664,487 2,833,415
1,403,633
1,070,035
870,329
711,066
639,325
387,664
367,230
345,353
315,911
2,887,351
8,117,335 10,431,497 21,119,545 19,858,578 11,831,312
490191000 DICTIONARIES AND ENCYCLOPAEDIAS, AND SERIAL INSTALMENTS THEREOF (in US$)
COUNTRY
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
USA SPAIN SINGAPORE THE NETHERLANDS HONGKONG THE PHILIPINES MALAYSIA AUSTRALIA JAPAN GUAM Total Exports
2003
969,801 - 13,084 86 15,114 - 92,028 480,707 370,990 - 3,350,973 2004
2,600,638 473 382,411 744 1,047 - 114,920 334,641 1,512 405 12,144,651 2005
2006
2007
65,414 - 69,564 - - 5
30,148 8,116 1,559 - 33,887 - 21,863 - 11 1
32,960 - 1,404 - 4,416
259
132
108
100
31
15
4
1
-
91,492 5,066
181,892 Source: Central Bureau of Statistics
490199000 OTHER BROCHURE, LEAFLETS AND SIMILAR (in US$)
COUNTRY
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
NEPAL HONGKONG SINGAPORE USA TAIWAN MALAYSIA AUSTRALIA KOREA SELATAN SWITZERLAND THAILAND OTHER Total Exports
2003
- 291,860 1,346,004 104,547 12,427 423,553 85,722 41,128 - 64,412 2,205,648 4,575,301 2004
- 748,516 483,374 194,349 12,089 145,083 214,585 27,122 1,000 119,886 2,204,929 4,150,933 2005
- 547,936 831,957 365,509 17,633 108,882 156,921 153,697 - 201,264 1,284,330 3,668,129 2006
- 2,141,034 1,316,102 299,635 265,305 102,142 227,848 1,029,117 810 41,808 1,213,590 6,637,391 2007
1,812,401
1,298,084
554,850
414,985
407,525
350,755
302,014
274,768
211,816
202,773
1,445,517
7,275,488
39
HS 4902: NEWSPAPERS, JOURNAL & PERIODICALS
490210000 NEWSPAPERS. JOURNALS APPEARING AT LEAST FOUR TIMES A WEEK (in US$)
COUNTRY
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
HONGKONG USA SAUDI ARABIA SINGAPORE TAIWAN JAPAN
AUSTRALIA MALAYSIA UNITED ARAB EMIRATES SRI LANKA
OTHER Total Exports
2003
2004
2005
2006
1,949 374 9,960 156 3,396 128 - 114,044 - - 9,298 117,478 19,157 78,952 37,539 33,268 14,255 16,765 98,571 - - 91,157 221,949 68,409 48,257 93,707 58,946 17,594 42,545 36,017 17 - 8,271 210,300 136,796 72,976 24,237 122,214 17,575 16,264 75,191 - - 36,347 139,305 507,142 595,712 711,900 2007
933,116
119,918
32,795
27,760
22,621
19,080
15,764
2,633
1,048
670
1,030
1,176,435
490290000 OTHER PERIODICALS
COUNTRY
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
HONGKONG MALAYSIA TAIWAN SINGAPORE AUSTRALIA USA SAUDI ARABIA THAILAND JAPAN BRUNEI DARUSSALAM OTHER Total Exports
2003
2004
2005
2006
242,374 8,482 864 - 91,172 14,598 200,855 - 4,238 - 26,561 426,479 81,206 8,859 112,231 12,818 12,032 3,812 - 2,600 3,403 14,857 315,964 63,918 - 44,867 11,567 10,706 - - 522 3,757 8,283 829,512 81,827 515,997 43,735 45,183 13,432 - 10 11,056 8,854 141,350 589,144 678,297 459,584 1,690,956 2007
609,286
157,221
123,547
101,239
50,794
30,207
27,749
5,406
3,934
3,533
15,833
1,128,749
HS 49090: PRINTED OR ILLUSTRAED POSTCARDS
490900000 PRINTED OR ILLUSTRATED POSTCARDS (in US$)
40
COUNTRY
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
AUSTRALIA UK SWEDEN CANADA NORWAY USA DENMARK GERMANY THE NETHERLANDS NEW ZEALAND OTHER Total Exports
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
1,646,097 963,213 359,446 106,985 193,285 735,591 112,898 116,977 92,813 37,240 2,730,344 1,179,637 1,613,968 303,938 101,382 177,484 148,138 165,903 116,879 467,261 14,359 1,017,297 2,427,364 1,589,425 657,421 187,408 233,322 62,521 117,893 98,549 635,904 44,555 346,130 1,597,173 1,066,354 685,221 188,244 170,032 41,018 129,966 86,984 152,868 101,565 126,425 1,749,851
1,474,734
1,303,383
315,979
218,407
210,668
133,484
132,892
98,014
82,783
182,865
7,094,889 5,306,246 6,400,492 4,345,850 5,903,060
HS 4911: OTHER PRINTED MATTER, INCLUDING PRINTED PICTURES & PHOTOGRAPHS
In this category, 491110000 (Trade advertising material) and 491199000 (Other printed matter) are the main export earners for Indonesia. Details are presented below.
491110000, TRADE ADVERTISING MATERIAL. COMMERCIAL CATALOGS AND THE LIKE (in US$)
Total Exports
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
1,156,478 1,372,827 539,831 527,401 397,982
OTHER , 57,389
JAPAN , 68,569
GERMANY , 17,377
SINGAPORE , 51,134
HONGKONG , 17,891
INDIA , 20,626
SOUTH KOREA , 22,943
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF
CHINA , 39,597
AUSTRALIA , 32,459
VIETNAM , 35,056
THAILAND , 34,941
491199000 OTHER PRINTED MATTER (in US$)
COUNTRY
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
SRI LANKA PAKISTAN SOUTH AFRICA SINGAPORE THE NETHERLANDSS DJIBOUTI AUSTRALIA MALAYSIA USA UK OTHER Total Exports
2003
2004
2005
64,702 - 87,820 232,352 21,270 - 103,321 727 14,930 54,966 714,917 - - 330,476 228,086 24,860 - 56,009 43,146 13,696 466 199,688 - 791,492 608,918 91,065 2,371 - 22,013 10,116 10,643 42,102 401,104 1,295,005 896,427 1,979,824 2006
2007
2,276,128 5,695,291 495,203 65,777 212,211 1,258 44,623 9,292 35,348 120,563 713,647 2,029,275
1,451,973
786,919
266,950
225,199
78,777
67,809
63,602
50,377
38,014
157,153
9,669,341 5,216,048
41
LIST OF CONTACTS
ORGANIZATIONS and SCHOOLS
IKAPI (Ikatan Penerbit Indonesia)
(Indonesian Book Publishers Association)
Jl. Kalipasir No. 32, Central Jakarta 10330
Phone : (62-21) 314 1907
Fax
: (62-21) 314 6050
PPGI (Persatuan Perusahaan Grafika Indonesia)
(Indonesian Association of Graphic Companies)
Jl. Kramat II No. 55, Central Jakarta 10420
Phone : (62-21) 392 6043
Fax
: (62-21) 392 6044
E-mail : [email protected]
Pusgrafin (Pusat Grafika Indonesia)
(Indonesian Centre of Graphic Arts)
Jl. Srengseng Sawah, Jagakarsa, South Jakarta 12640
Phone : (62-21) 7864753-55
Fax
: (62-21) 7864756
Email
: [email protected]
Balai Grafika Medan
(Medan Graphic Center)
Jl. Guru Sinumba No. 6 Helvetia, Medan, North Sumatra
Phone : (62-61) 845 7568
Email
: [email protected]
Balai Grafika Makassar
(Makassar Graphic Center)
Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan No. 50 Makassar, South Sulawesi
Phone (62-411) 433 116
Email
[email protected]
Jurusan Teknik Grafika dan Penerbitan, Politeknik Negeri
Jakarta
(Department of Graphic and Publishing, State Polytechnic of Jakarta)
Kampus Baru UI Depok, Jakarta 16424
Phone : (62-21) 727 0036
Fax
: (62-21) 727 0034
Sekolah Tinggi Media Komunikasi Trisakti
(Trisakti Higher School of Communication Media)
Jl. Jend. A. Yani Kav 85, Jakarta 13210
Phone : (62-21) 489 5787
Email
: [email protected]
Website : www.grafikatrisakti.ac.id
Akademi Teknologi Grafika Indonesia
(Indonesian Graphics Technology Academy)
Jl. Pasar Jumat, Lebak Bulus, South Jakarta 12440
Phone : (62-21) 769 9827
SMK Grafika Desa Putra
(Desa Putra Graphics Vocational High School)
Jl. Desa Putera, Srengseng Sawah, Jagakarsa, South Jakarta
Phone : (62-21) 7889 4306 7026 6269
Fax
: (62-21) 727 1018
Email
: [email protected]
Website : www.smkgrafikadp.com
42
SMK Grafika PGRI
(PGRI Graphic Vocational High School)
Jl. Bengawan Solo 83, Malang, East Java
Phone : (62-341) 791 431
SMK Grafika Mardi Yuana
(Mardi Yuana Graphic Vocational High School)
Jl. Siliwangi 50, Bogor, West Java
Phone : (62-251) 329 344 - 325 074
Fax
: (62-251) 381 324
Fakultas ilmu Komunikasi, Universitas Sahid
(Faculty of Communication Sciences, Sahid University)
Jl. Prof. Dr. Soepomo, SH No. 84, Tebet, South Jakarta 12870
Phone : (62-21) 831 2813-15
Fax : (62-21) 835 4763
PRINTERS
Pabrik Kertas Tjiwi Kimia
Main Office Building A, 2nd Floor
Jl. Raya Surabaya - Mojokerto Km. 44
Mojokerto 61301, East Java
Phone : (62-321) 361 552
Fax
: (62-321) 361 615
Website : www.tjiwi.co.id
Intermasa Printing & Publishing
Jl.Kepu, Pegangsaan Dua, Kelapa Gading, Jakarta 14250
Phone : (62-21) 460 2805, 460 2806, 460 2807, 460 2808
CP
: Utoyo Topo, Djamaludin
Pura Binaka Mandiri
Pura Group Head Office
Jl. AKBP. Agil Kusumadya 203, Kudus 59346, Central Java
Phone : (62-291) 444 361-5
Fax
: (62-291) 444 403
Email
: [email protected]
Website : www.puragroup.com
Jasuindo Tiga Perkasa
Jl. Raya Betro No. 21
Sedati-Sidoardjo 61253, East Java
Phone : (62-31) 891 0919, 891 0640
Fax
: (62-31) 891 0928
Email
: [email protected]
Perum Peruri
(The Indonesian Government Security Printing and Minting Corporation)
Jl. Palatehan 4, Kebayoran Baru Blok K-V, Jakarta 12160
Phone : (62-21) 739 5000
Fax
: (62-21) 722 1567, 7215 9409
Email
: [email protected]
Perum Percetakan Negara
Indonesian State Printing Corporation
Jl Percetakan Negara, Central Jakarta
Phone : (62-21) 424 1909, 422 1701
Website : www.pnri.co.id
Temprina Media Grafika
Jl. Karah Agung 45, Surabaya, East Java
Phone : (62-31) 828 9999 ext. 156/302/303
Fax
: (62-31) 828 1004
CP
: M. Yunasa
Karya Toha Putra
Jl. Raya Mangkang Km. 16, Mangkang
Semarang, Central Java
Phone : (62-24) 8661185, 8661186, 8661596
Fax
: (62-24) 8661077
CP
: Hasan Toha Putra
Antar Surya Jaya
Jl. K. Abdul Karim 37 - 39 Rungkut Menanggal
Surabaya 60293, East Java
Telepon : (62-31) 8700593 (ext. 112, 113), 8700585
Fax
: (62-31) 8700167, 8700964
Indonesia Printer
Jl. Pluit Karang Raya I Blok A Utara No. 5-7
Kawasan Industri/Pergudangan Muara Karang
Jakarta 14450
Phone : (62-21) 661 8501
Fax : (62-21) 661 8494-95
Email [email protected]
Website www.indonesiaprinter.co.id
PUBLISHERS
Mizan Publika
Gedung MP Book Point,
Jl. Puri Mutiara Raya No. 72, Jakarta 12410
Phone : (62-21) 7591 0212
Fax
: (62-21) 7591 5759
Email
: [email protected]
Website : www.mizan.com
Agro Media Group
Jl. H. Montong No. 57, Jagakarsa, South Jakarta 12630
Phone : (62-21) 7888 3030
Fax
: (62-21) 727 0996
Website : www.agromedia.net
Erlangga
Jl. H. Baping Raya No.100, Jakarta 13740
Phone : (62-21) 871 7006
Fax
: (62-21) 871 7006 Ext.145, 870 8660, 871 7011
Website : www.erlangga.co.id
Gramedia Pustaka Utama
Gedung Gramedia lt. 2-3
Jl. Palmerah Barat 33-37, Jakarta 10270
Phone : (62-21) 5367 7834 (hunting) ext. 3251, 3252, 3258
Fax
: (62-21) 536 0316, 536 0315, 530 0545
Ganeca Exact
Kawasan Industri MM 2100, Jl. P. Selayar Kav. A5
Bekasi, West Java
Phone : (62-21) 8998 1946 (hunting)
Fax
: (62-21) 8998 1947
Website : www.ganeca-exact.com
Tiga Serangkai Pustaka Mandiri
Jl Dr. Soepomo No.23, Solo, Central Java 57141
Phone : (62-271) 714 344 (hunting)
Fax
: (62-271) 713 607
Email
: [email protected]
Yayasan Universitas Islam Indonesia Press
Jl. Cik Di Tiro No. 1
Yogyakarta 32767
Phone : (62-274) 547 865
Fax
: (62-274) 547 864
Email
: [email protected]
Penerbit Kota Kembang
Jl. Bantul No. 130
Yogyakarta 32767
Phone : (62-274) 372 939
Fax
: (62-274) 372 939
CP
: R. Syarif Tholib
Balai Pustaka
Jl Gunung Sahari No. 4
Central Jakarta
Phone : (62-21) 345 1616
Fax
: (62-21) 344 6802
Email
: [email protected]
Website : www.balaipustaka.co.id
Diva Press
Sampangan Gg. Perkutut No. 325-B
Jl. Wonosari Baturetno, Banguntapan
Yogyakarta
Phone : (62-274) 741 8727
Fax
: (62-274) 446 3008
CP
: Edi Mulyono, M.Ag.
Pustaka Pelajar
Jl. Celeban Timur UH III/548
Yogyakarta 32767
Phone : (62-274) 381 542
Fax
: (62-274) 415 232
Email
: [email protected]
CP
: Mas’ud Chasan
Media Pressindo
Jl. Irian Jaya D 24, Perum Nogotirto II
Yogyakarta
Phone : (62-274)
Fax
: (62-274)
Email
: [email protected]
CP
: Indra Ismawan
Halim
Jl. KH Mas Mansyur No. 57
Surabaya 60162, East Java
Phone : (62-31) 352 1930
Fax
: (62-21) 352 6698
Email
: [email protected]
CP
: Ir. Hasan Ali Albugis
Gadjah Mada University Press
Jl. Grafika No. 1, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 32767
Phone : (62-274) 902 250, 902 259, 902 727, 561 037
Fax
: (62-274) 561 037
Email
: [email protected]
CP
: Drs. Muhammad Munandar
NAVILA
Jl. Pakelmulyo UH V/411
Golo Umbulharjo , Yogyakarta
Phone : (0274) 377034
Fax
: (0274) 377034
Email
: [email protected], [email protected]
CP
: Sholeh UG
Penerbit dan Percetakan Kanisius
Jl. Cempaka No. 9, Deresan, Yogyakarta 32767
Phone : (62-274) 588 783, 565 996
Fax
: (62-274) 563 349
Email
: [email protected]
CP
: YB Priyanahadi
PESONA PRAJA PURNA
Jl. Setia Budi Barat No. 4, Jakarta 12910
Phoe
(62-21) 5251066
Fax
(62-21) 522 4058
Email
[email protected]
CP
Setia Dharma Madjid
43
MINISTRY OF TRADE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA
JI. M.I. Ridwan Rais No.5
Main Building - 4th Floor
Jakarta 10110 INDONESIA
Phone. [62-21] 385 8171 (hunting) Fax. [62-21] 235 28691
E-mail. [email protected]
Directorate General of Domestic Trade
M.I. Ridwan Rais No.5 Building I, 6th Floor
Jakarta 10110 - INDONESIA
Phone (62-21) 23524120, 2352 8620
Fax
(62-21) 23524130
Secretary General
JI. M.I. Ridwan Rais No.5 Main Building I, 7th
Floor Jakarta Pusat
Phone. (62-21) - 23522040 ext. 32040
Fax.
(62-21) - 23522050
sesjen@depda9•90.id
Directorate General of Foreign Trade
JI. M.I. Ridwan Rals No. 5 Main Buildin, 9th Floor
Jakarta 10110 - INDONESIA
Phone (62-21) 23525160
Fax (62-21) 23525170
E-mail [email protected]
Inspectorate General
JI. M.I. Ridwan Rais No.5 Building I, 10th Floor
Jakarta Pusat
(62-21) - 384 8662, 3841961 Ext.1226
(62-21) - 384 8662
[email protected]
Directorate General of International Trade
Cooperation
JI. M.I. Rldwan Rais No. 5 Main Building, 8th
Floor, Jakarta 10110 - INDONESIA
Phone (62-21) 23526200, 23528600
Fax (62-21) 23526210
National Agency for Export Development
JI. M.I. Rldwan Rais No. 5 Main Building,
4th Floor, Jakarta 10110 - INDONESIA
Phone (62-21) 23527240
Fax (62-21) 23527250
Commodity Future Trading Regulatory
Agency (COFTRA)
Gedung Bumi Daya Plaza 4th Floor
JI. Imam Bonjol No. 61
Jakarta 10310 -INDONESIA
Phone (62-21) 315 6315
Fax
(62-21) 315 6135
Website www.bappebti.go.ld
Trade Research and Development Agency
(TREDA)
JI. M.I. Ridwan Rais No. 5 Main Building
4th Floor, Jakarta 10110 - INDONESIA
Phone (62-21)3858171 (hunting)
Facx (62-21) 23528691
E-mail [email protected]
INDONESIAN COMMERCIAL ATTACHE
Australia
Indonesian Embassy. 8, Darwin Avenue, Yarralumia
Canberra A.c.T. 2600 Australia
Phone : (6162) - 625 08654
Fax : (6162) - 62730757
E-mail : [email protected] atperdag@
cyberone.com.au
Website : www.kbri-canberra.org.au
Thailand
Indonesian Embassy . 600 - 602 Petchburi Road
Rajthevi PO BOX 1318
Bangkok 10400, Thailand
Phone : (0066-2) - 2551264, 255 3135 ext.123
Fax : (0066-2) - 2551264, 2551267
indagtha [email protected]
Japan
Indonesian Embassy .5-2-9, Higashi Gotanda
Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 1410022, Japan
Phone : (81-03) - 344 14201,344 70596
Fax : (81-03) - 344 71 697
[email protected]
Philippines
Indonesian Embassy . 185, Salcedo Street. Legaspi
Village, Makati City Metro Manila Philippines
Phone : (632) - 892 5061-68, 894 4561
Fax : (632) - 892 5878, 867 4192
[email protected]
South Korea
Indonesian Embassy. 55, Yoido-dong Young deoung
po-ku Seoul South Korea.
Phone : (0082-2) - 782 7750, 783 5371
Fax : (0082-2) - 780 4280, 783 7750
[email protected]
Malaysia
Indonesian Embassy Jalan Tun Razak No.233
Kuala Lumpur 50400, Malaysia
Phone : (0060-03) - 214 52011 Or 21434835 ext. 308
Fax : (0060-30) - 214 7908, 214 48407
E-mail : [email protected] indagkl@
pd.jaring.my
People’s Republic of China
Indonesian Embassy . San Li Tun Diplomatic Office
Building B, Beijing 100600, China
Phone : (00861) 653 24748, 653 25400-3014
Indonesian
Fax Publishing
: (00861) 653 25368
[email protected]
44
India
Indonesian Embassy. 50-A Chanakyapuri
New Delhi 110021 India
Phone : (0091-11)-61141000,6886763
Fax : (0091-11) - 688 5460, 687 4402
[email protected]
Saudi Arabia
Indonesian Embassy Riyadh Diplomatic Quarter PO.
Box 94343
Riyadh 11693 Saudi Arabia
Phone : (0966-1) - 488 2800, 488 2131 ext.120
Fax : (0966-1) - 488 2966
[email protected]
Egypt
Indonesian Embassy.
3, Aisha EL Taimoira St. Garden City PO BOX 1661
Cairo 1661, Republic of Egypt
Phone : (20-2) - 794 4698,794 7200-9
Fax : (20-2) - 796 2495
E-maii : [email protected]
hardaw j [email protected]
Austria
Indonesian Embassy
Gustav Tschermak Gasse 5-7 Wina A-1180 Austria
Phone : (431) - 476 2341
Fax : (431) - 479 0557
United Kingdom
Indonesian Embassy
38 Grosvenor Square. London W1 k 2HW United
Kingdom
Phone : 44-20) - 772 909613, 749 97881
Fax
: (44-20) - 7945 7022
[email protected]
Netherlands
Indonesian Embassy . 8, Tobias Asserlaan
2517 KC The Hague, The Netherlands
Phone : (31) - 703108115
Fax
: (31) -7036 43331
[email protected]
Russia
Indonesia Embassy . Commercial Attache Office
Korovy val7 Ent 3, FI. 8 Apt 76 Moscow 117049,
Republic Russia
Phone : (7-095) - 238 5281, 238 3014
Fax : (7-095) - 238 5281
E-mail : [email protected] [email protected]
Germany
Lehter Strasse 16-17 0-10557 Berlin 53175 Germany
Phone : (49-30) - 478 0700
Fax : (49-30) - 478 07209
[email protected]
United Arab Emirates
Indonesia Trade Promotion Center (ITPC) Flat NoA03,
ArbitTower, 4th Floor, Baniyas Street, Deira P.O. Box
41664 Dubai U.A.E
Phone : (971 4) - 422 78544
Fax
: (971 4) - 422 78545
Belgium
Indonesian Mission to The European Communities
Boulevard de la Woluwe 38 Brussels B-1200, Belgium
Phone : (322) - 779 0915
Fax : (322) - 772 8190
E-maii: [email protected] atperi ndagbxl@
chello.be
Denmark
Oerehoej Aile 1, 2900 Hellerup Copenhagen, Denmark
Phone : (45-39) - 624 422, 624 883 (D)
Fax : (45-39) - 624 483
[email protected]
Italy
Indonesian Embassy Via Nomentana, 55 00161 Rome
Italy
Phone : (0139-6) - 420 0911, 420 09168
Facsimiie : (0129-6) - 488 0280, 420 10428
E-mail: [email protected] lovenatassa@yahoo.
com
Canada
Indonesian Embassy 55 Parkdale Avenue
Ottawa Ontario KIY 1 ES Canada
Phone : (613) -7241100
Fax : (613) - 724 7932
budh i@indonesia_ottawa.org
Website : www.indonesia_ottawa.org
Spain
Indonesian Embassy 65, Calle de Agastia Madrid
28043 Spain
Phone : (34-91) - 413 0294
Fax : (34-91) - 415 7792
[email protected]
France
Indonesian Embassy 47-49 Rue Cortambert Paris
75116 France
Phone : (33-1) - 450 302760, 450 44872
Fax : (33-1) - 450 45032
[email protected]
Switzerland
Indonesian Mission to The United Nations and
Other International Organizations 16, Rue de Saint
Jean
Geneva 1203 Switzerland
Phone : (0041-22) - 339 7010
Fax
: (0041-22) - 339 7025
a [email protected] alfons-sa [email protected]
Singapore
7 Chatsworth Road Singapore 249761
Phone : (65) - 6737 5420, 683 95458
Fax : (65) - 6737 5037, 6735 2027
[email protected]
Hong Kong
Consulate General 127-129 Leighton Road Causeway
Bay Hong Kong
Phone : (852) - 289 02481, 289 04421
Fax : (852) - 289 50139
[email protected] [email protected]
2020 Massachusetts Avenue, N. W. Washington DC
ca 20036
Phone : (202) - 775 5350, 775 5200 ext. 350
Fax : (202) - 775 5354, 775 5365
Indonesian Trade Promotion Center (ITPC)
Osaka
ITM 4-J-8, Asia and Pacific Trade Center
2-1-10 Nanko Kita, Suminoe-ku, Osaka 559-0034, Japan
Telp.
(081-6) 66155350
Fax.
(081-6) 66155351
Website: www.itpc.or.jp
Dubai
Arbift Tower 4 Floor # 403, Baniyas street Deira
PO.Box 41664, Dubai - UAE
Telp.
(971-4) 2278544
Fax.
(971-4) 2278545
Hp.
971502088423, 97142215670 (Husin)
E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
Website: www.itpcdxb.ae
Los Angeles
3457, Wilshire Blvd, Suite 101 Los Angeles, Ca 90010, USA
Telp.
(213) 3877041
Fax.
(213) 3877047
Hp.
21353633218
Website www.itpcla.org
Budapest
Bajcsy Zslinszky ut 12, 2nd floor No. 205
Budapest 1051 - Hungary
Telp.
(36-1) 3176382
Fax.
(36-1) 2660572
E-mail: [email protected]
Website www.indonesia.hu/itpc
Johannesburg
Suite 02/E4, 2ND Floor, Village Walk, Sandton
Po Box 2146, RSA Johannesburg X9916 South Africa
Telp. (27-11) 8846240
Fax.
(27-11) 8846242
Sao Paolo
Edificio Park Lane
Alameda Santos 1787 Conj III - 11 Andar
Cerqueira Cesar, Sao Paulo, Brazil 01419-002
Telp.
(55-11) 32630472, 35411413
Fax.
(55-11) 32538126
Hp.
551184730986
Sydney
60, Pitt Street Level 2nd, Sydney 2000, Australia
Telp. (61-2) 92528783
Fax.
(61-2) 92528784
61447439900 (Fetna)
Hp.
[email protected]
Milan
Via Vittor Pisani, 8, 20124 Milano (MI), Italy
Telp. (39-02) 36598182
Fax.
(39-02) 36598191
Hamburg
Multi Buro Service, Glokengisserwall 17 20095
Hamburg - Germany
Telp.
(49-40) 33313-333
Fax.
(49-40) 33313-377
Indonesian Economic and Trade Office
Taiwan (a province of China)
Indonesian Economic and Trade Office to Taipei 6F,
NO.550, Rui Guang Road, Nelhu District
(Twin Head Building) Taipei 114 Taiwan
Phone : (886-2) - 875 26170
Fax : (886-2) - 874 23706
45
For your complete reference on the Republic of Indonesia
representative offices world-wide, please kindly access:
www.deplu.go.id
46

Introduction

Transcription

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