The Catalyst - D`Youville College
Transcription
The Catalyst - D`Youville College
The Catalyst Say Good-bye to Winter! Maybe. April 2015 | ISSUE VII catalyst |’katl-ist| noun a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any per manent chemical change. 1 Get Your Dyngus On! BY KRISTEN PETRUSHESKY The Monday after Easter, commonly known to those of Polish heritage as Dyngus Day, is very much alive and well in Buffalo, New York. Buffalo is home to one of the largest Polish populations in the country, and is known around the world for the Dyngus Day celebrations. For those of you who don’t know, Dyngus Day is a centuries old Polish holiday. The Monday after Easter, it is held to signify spring and a good harvest. Traditionally, attractive girls were drenched in water by men, and hit with pussywillows. A girl could protect herself from getting soaked by giving the boy a ‘ransom’ of decorated eggs. Traditionally, many rhymes and phrases went along with the drenching, and the entire village would participate in a parade to celebrate the end of winter, and the hope for a successful harvest. Today, in the United States, it is a bit different. The pussywillows are more common than water, but you are still more than welcome to hit someone with one. In fact, at certain celebrations downtown, you can actually buy sticks of pussywillows at the festivals. The main gem of Dyngus Day is the Broadway Market, located on—you guessed it—Broadway. The market has been in operation for years, and is the busiest around Easter. While you’re there, get a famous butter lamb for your table, and try the delicious Polish goodies they have littered about. I guarantee you won’t leave empty handed. For college kids, this is a great day to go out and have some fun. It Is a relatively cheap venture, and there is ample parking around the festival site. Keep in mind that traffic will be slightly altered for the day, as the police will have the areas around the market closed to vehicle traffic. There is always live music, and if nothing else, it makes a great opportunity for an Instagram photo! In Buffalo, everyone is Polish on Dyngus Day. There is a parade, clothes you can buy, music, and of course, food. However, the main glory of Dyngus Day in Buffalo is the fact that the entire city becomes Polish for a day. I’m not kidding. If you’re looking for a new adventure, check it out! The main festivities are held down by the old train terminal, and the Broadway Market. You can pre-purchase food tickets at local retailers, and www.dyngusday. com is the place to go for more information! Don’t forget your pussywillows…. and wear red, lots and lots of red! Don’t Blow It!! Breathlyzers in Marguerite?! BY JOE BROWN For many students, college is a time for new experiences and trying new things. Many students study different subjects, make new friends, and join new clubs. Unfortunately, college is also a time where many students engage in activities that threaten their wellbeing, both in legal standing and their own personal health. Drinking is a part of the “college experience” that can cause serious repercussions to others. As seen by the No More campaign that has been spearheaded through D’Youville’s effort to combat sexual assault, many incidents of unwanted sexual contact involve alcohol to some degree. D’Youville’s residence halls, for better or worse, are relatively small and well cared for by the Residence Life staff members, so wild parties and rounds of binge drinking on campus are generally out of the question. However, it is still possible for students to engage in their illegal vices by simply attending events off campus “It’s a problem,” noted a member of Student Association, who requested to remain anonymous. “Every member of our residence halls are entitled to live in a safe environment. They have the right to sleep free of disturbance and study in a peaceful environment. That doesn’t happen if somebody goes off campus and comes back loaded in the early morning hours. We need to close this loophole.” The answer to this problem was not the most obvious solution, but a potent one: the Alcohawk Breathalyzer. Voted and approved by Student Association, this portable unit runs on two double A batteries, can be carried in a pocket, and provides results in under ten seconds. Starting in the fall of 2015, all persons entering Marguerite Hall between the hours of 10pm and 5am will be subjected to a Breathalyzer test. Students entering must show their ID to security as usual, and then blow into the device. After testing a negative result, security will unlock the door leading into the building. If a student tests positive for any amount of alcohol, and they are under 21, the RA on duty will be called, even if said student is not even legally intoxicated. The student will then have to go alcohol intervention with the proper D’Youville authorities, or else more serious consequences may be initiated, such as being banned from living on campus or having their diploma held until sanctions are satisfied. “It’s a simple solution to a complex problem,” responded Student Association. “With new freedom comes new responsibilities. Many college students choose to act irresponsibly, whether it be going out to the game, attending the St. Patrick’s Day parade, or checking out that party down the block. We here at D’Youville work to provide a safe and nurturing environment for our students to learn and grow. And we will continue to do so.” If you believed the article panic not. April Fools from your Catalyst team. Don’t be that guy... Doing What Needs to be Done It was Saturday morning on the 14th of March. I had made sure to set my alarm early so I had enough time to wake up properly; I never was a morning person. I was going to volunteer at St. Luke’s Mission of Mercy church to help with the food drive. I’ve volunteered multiple times but this time was different. I was going this day to experience what it means to volunteer. I am a member of the D’Youville Philosophy club and this is my insight into what it means to help a fellow human being. I arrived at St. Luke’s at about 8:30 in the morning even though the drive started at 9 AM, I just wanted to get there early, better than being late I suppose. It started out regularly enough; I was greeted at the door by a man (I didn’t catch his name) and I told him I had come to help out. He led me downstairs where I met Molly, the organizer of the event. She was rather quiet but kind, and managed the event with an admirable and seemingly inexhaustible patience that I one day hope to exercise myself. I must note that while there, I had no impression of working for somebody, but I was there working with people. I was working with people who understood what needed to be done. After asking for instruction I started organizing the donated bread and pastries on to the appropriate shelves to be distributed to those who needed them; an ordinary enough start. All the while there was no sense that anyone felt like they had to be there. Jokes were shared between those who know each other there from past drives they assisted with and the task before them was perused with joy and genuine interest. Everyone who worked there that day was there because they wanted to be there. 4 BY ALEX MCCAUSLAND As more volunteers arrived we started preparing the food that was to be served, I helped chop vegetables for the salad and helped prepare the sandwiches that were to be handed out to those who needed them. Need. Those who come to these events for food, come because they need food. And what was important for me was that I was here because this is what needed to be done. Think for a moment about what motivates a charitable event. Why do people do things without expecting reward? The fact of the matter is that charitable events recognize necessary causes. Take Habitat for Humanity for instance: it was born out of the necessity for shelter. Similarly, food drives are born out of the necessity for food. When we as humans do charitable things, we do them because we recognize the necessity of the cause. These events are necessary for other people to survive and thrive. When people arrived to receive food we served with smiles and were given many thanks for our services. There was a tangible sentiment of respect and understanding. These people came to receive food, and I came to serve it to them. We stood in this place as equals and treated each other as such. And in the face of every person to whom I served food I did not see the refuse of society, I saw people seeking and receiving help, just as I in other situations have sought and received help. This experience left me with the question: is the person who does what is necessary for other people to live a good person? Is appeasing need good? In the scope of moral philosophy there is much debate on what constitutes “good”. To illuminate a side of this debate consider the ideas of Peter Singer. He is a supporter of utilitarian concepts. Utilitarianism is the idea that the happiness of the many is more important than the happiness of the few. According to utilitarianism, an action is “good” if it promotes the happiness of the majority. As a utilitarian, Singer himself is a rather interesting character in moral philosophy. How interesting you say? Well for instance, he makes it a point to donate about 33% of his income to cost effective charities. Now think for a minute how the world would be if everyone conducted themselves in this manner! That is not to say that we should necessarily, but if we did, do you think it would make the world a better place? If so and promoting the happiness of the majority is what makes an action “good,” then this is exactly what we should do. I personally think that if we, as a society, adopted an ideology similar to this as an objective moral standard of behavior, the world would be a better place as a result. I will be attending these events in the future. But I also recognize that food drives and building homes for people only address two of the many things that people need. And I also recognize that other people in the community might not be cut out for this work, so I would like to leave you with two final questions: what needs to be done to make this world a better place? And what can you do to make it that way? As President of D’Youville College’s sophomore honor society, Lambda Sigma, I am proud to announce that we will be once again hosting our very successful “Shirt Off Your Back” Clothing Drive this spring. Along with Psychology Club and SNA, we are going to strive and make this year’s event bigger, and better than last year’s! For those of you that don’t know how the drive works, it’s simple: Donate three gently used articles of clothing, and get a free shirt! All clothing will be donated to St. Luke’s Mission of Mercy, a non-profit charitable organization located on Walden Ave. in Downtown Buffalo. Since 1994, St. Luke’s has had a proud tradition of caring for the poor and the sick, most often through their “Code Blue” events, in order to provide a warm bed for the homeless on a cold night, and through offering clothing to those who need it. What better way to carry on the spirit of Marguerite D’Youville than to help those in need? A Brief History of St. Luke’s Mission…. When the beautiful St. Luke’s parish closed down in 1993, many were distraught. Another old, beautiful church in the downtown area could no longer afford to operate, and so, it was seemingly doomed to become another skeleton of a building, left in disrepair until someone would pay to knock it down. The neighborhood that St. Luke’s is in is not exactly one of the best neighborhoods downtown. It is known for its high crime rate, drug trafficking, and prostitution rings. Edward Grosz, the then Bishop of the Buffalo Diocese, called upon two of his friends, Amy Betros and Norm Paolini, in order to let them know of the news. The two decided to go look at the church, and knew at once that it was perfect for the mission they had set out to achieve. Amy ended up closing her restaurant, and Norm took an early retirement. Together, along with some donations, they were able to buy the entire church complex: the church itself, the convent, the rectory, and the school. On August 1st, 1994, St. Luke’s Mission of Mercy officially opened it’s doors, and has been running ever since. Brought to you by Philosophy Club Remember, St. Luke’s Mission of Mercy is a non-profit organization, and relies on donations. For more information about how you can help, please visit: stlukesmissionofmercy. org 5 Students for Concealed Carry Gun laws are generally subjected to intense scrutiny here in America. What do we allow people to own? What do we ban? How do we control who accesses what? Why can’t we be like Canada or Australia or Cuba? Leading into the first week of April, college students across America are protesting laws that strip them of their rights to self defense while on campus, even if they are legally allowed to carry a firearm anywhere else in their state of residence. Students for Concealed Carry represents college students who advocate for the right to self defense. Starting on the 30th of March, leading into the first week of April, students are encouraged to wear empty gun holsters as protest against anti-gun policies in their place of higher education, signifying they are “unarmed and helpless.” Of course, I will be joining my fellow students in protest. New York, though, is a special matter. New York has some of the strictest gun laws in the nation, boasted by our own governor. This had 6 BY JOSEPH BROWN been made to an extreme degree with the passage of the Secure Ammunition and Firearms Enforcement Act (S.A.F.E. Act) slightly over two years ago. Concealed carry in the state of New York is a joke, even if you put the S.A.F.E. Act aside. New York is classified as a “may issue” state when it comes to concealed carry. That is a polite way of saying unless you are a police officer, you won’t be allowed to carry a firearm in self defense without committing multiple felonies. Our governor was livid with the passage S.A.F.E. Act, saying that there would not be any mass shootings in New York. Did it work? No. In fact, it failed quite spectacularly. Later that same year, a shooting left four dead in Herkimer county, about half an hour from my home in central New York. Governor Andrew Cuomo, commenting on the situation, admitted “we can’t control all behavior...” That’s pretty much the long and short of it, ladies and gentlemen. We can’t control all personal behavior, despite how much liberals want to enact more laws to supposedly force criminals to abide by those laws while actually disarming law abiding citizens. I will also point out that the shooter in Herkimer didn’t use an AR-15 assault rifle or a gun that held 10+ bullets, which the S.A.F.E. Act prohibits ownership of in New York. Back to concealed carry, it makes perfect sense with little thought. There will always be people who ignore the law, and wish to hurt and destroy others in order to take what they have. All law abiding college students, and law abiding citizens in general, have a right to defend themselves against carjackers, rapists, and muggers. That’s my kind of “No More” campaign. While Texas passed legislation earlier in March allowing college students to carry concealed weapons on campus, both Washington D.C. and California have passed general legislation in the past year allowing for concealed carry of firearms in their respective states. It’s pretty sad when Commiefornia has more freedom then you do. People like Mayor Brown, Governor Cuomo, and President Obama support disarming the general public until only drug dealers and gang bangers have guns. That seems fair. New Yorkers deserve better then that. I protest not only for my rights, but the rights of all other law abiding citizens, hopeful in a collective effort that our rights will be returned to us, and this senseless self destruction known as gun control will be ended. Tips for Studying at Home As Easter Break approaches, many of us are beginning to think of a time beyond the last day of finals, when we can go out into the world and do exactly as we please. So what if it mostly involves sleeping until after noon and then binging the latest season of Grey’s Anatomy into the wee hours of the morning? Until that warm May day, though, we must resign ourselves to the grueling task of preparing for our tests and studying for finals. In a world full of distractions – Netflix, Twitter, and texting – it’s hard to focus on the school material. With the help of this article, you too can become a supreme student and complete the semester on a high note. 1) Location, Location, Location An important thing to remember before you even start studying is that, like many a real estate agent will tell you, location is everything. Choosing to study in a crowded, noisy café, for instance, is likely to be the worst thing for your attention. You’ll find yourself closing in on snippets of conversation from the couple sitting at the table next to you, or eavesdropping on other customers’ orders of coffees and teas. 2) Music? Or Nah? The problem with this method is that most people who choose this way to study do so incorrectly. When studying, it is oftentimes better to do so with music that is not accompanied with a vocalist. The lyrics of songs, regardless of which genre is playing, are so distracting, and in many cases students who sit down to study with lyrical songs often end up paying more attention to singing along in their heads than on reading or writing whatever it is on which they’re supposed to be working.If classical music isn’t exactly your cup of tea, you may wish to try studying while listening to video game soundtracks. Think about it: the goal of every video game sound developer ever, BY STEPHANIE GABBEY regardless of plot or game mechanic, is to increase the amount of focus and attentiveness to the game in completing an objective. The music playing in the background at any point during any game is (usually) designed with this particular goal in mind. If it works for gaming, it should – and does; I’ve tried it myself – work equally as well for background noise in completing your work. 3) Keep It Clean! While your desk or table doesn’t necessarily have to be immaculate, it should at the very least be fairly tidy, so as to allow yourself room to spread out a little bit. Studies show that concentration for logic-based work (such as homework, lab write-ups, and studying for tests) is increased when one’s immediate study area is clean. 4) Take a Break! Research shows that taking a 20-minute break every hour, or a 10-minute break every half hour, increases the amount of work you’re able to do. Makes sense, right? If you’re making sure that you’re only working on any given material for short periods of time, like half an hour, and then rewarding yourself for a job well done for 10-20 minutes, you’re likely to be more productive in the long-run. 5) Get Organized! If you’re trying to organize yourself, try making a list on a piece of paper. It doesn’t matter if it’s in a personal planner or if it’s just a sheet of loose leaf paper. So long as you don’t lose it, just seeing your tasks out on paper can help you to avoid a mental breakdown or prevent you from forgetting important tasks. Write out everything, from homework to tests to quizzes. Even goals that you have for yourself can be written down to remind you to work towards them a little bit every day. 6) Work Together! There are almost infinite ways to set up a group study system. Try setting it up so that each person is responsible for learning a set of information, and each person is therefore in charge of relaying the information from that section to the group, kind of like a series of mini-lectures. Earning a decent grade in any class might feel absolutely impossible, but it isn’t. Creating good study habits and avoiding pitfalls will lead to a happier, healthier GPA and a healthier, happier student who can spend all of summer vacation relaxing instead of worrying about catching up or doing better in the next semester. 7 Dormet Foods /dawr-máy/ Here are some simple (and delicious) recipes you can cook in the dorms. There are stove tops in each TV lounge and an oven available to use in the laundry room. You should already know about the microwave in your room, but with just a few simple ingredients that you can pick up at 7/11, Tops or even take a 10-minute drive to Wegmans on Amherst St., you can make some great dormet food. BLUEBERRY MUFFIN “They’re Adormable” ~ Meg Harmon COFFEE CUP CHILAQUILES INGREDIENTS 1 egg 1 tablespoon milk Salt Ground black pepper 1 tablespoon sharp cheddar cheese 5 tortilla chips, divided 1 tablespoon salsa Sour cream Queso fresco Chopped green onion DIRECTIONS 1. Beat egg and milk with a fork in a coffee cup, adding salt and pepper to taste. Add cheddar; stir to coat. Break 3 or 4 tortilla chips into small pieces to fit in the cup; stir into the mixture. Add salsa. 2. Microwave on high until done, about 1 minute, 10 seconds. Garnish with remaining tortilla chips, sour cream, queso fresco and green onion. INGREDIENTS 1 ounce frozen blueberries 1/4 cup ground flaxseed 1/2 tsp baking powder 2 Tbsp sugar-free pancake syrup 1/2 tsp orange zest 1 egg white 1/2 tsp nutmeg DIRECTIONS 1. Mix dry ingredients together thoroughly and then add egg, syrup & zest. 2. Pour into oversized coffee cup that you have sprayed and put in microwave for 90 seconds. This will make a tall muffin. 3. If you prefer a flatter muffin (more like a muffin top) use a small, shallow cereal bowl. 4. Top with a little more sugar free pancake syrup if desired, and butter if you can spare the calories. 5. For a really decadent version put a tablespoon of melted butter into the batter before cooking. Enjoy. 8 Dining On A Budget: Buffalo’s Food Trucks BY NICOLA WOODS Buffalo offers a wide selection of restaurants and diners throughout the city, and as nice as it would be to eat out on a weekly basis – it’s simply not realistic on a student budget! So are there any alternatives to blowing too much cash on dining out? Most definitely! My only experience of Food trucks previously to coming to Buffalo was after nights out in Belfast, when my standards were very low, and I didn’t care about what I was eating as long as it looked remotely edible. However the Food trucks in Buffalo are of such high quality, it will be easy to find something of a high standard, delicious and not overly expensive. Lloyds Food truck started the trend in Buffalo back in 2010 with a mission to bring legitimate street food to Buffalo by offering affordable yet incredibly tasty takes on tacos and burritos. After the success and amazing response Lloyds received from the people of Buffalo many others followed suit.These include: Amy’s Truck which offers vegetarian and Lebanese food, Mineo and Sapio Street eats which offers sausages and sandwiches and The Whole Hog which brings food straight from the farm to the table. My personal favourite has to be - Wine not? Can you guess what it sells? Yes, wine slushies’ and wine ice-cream. This is easily the greatest combination of some off my favourite things in life. Spring is here, the snow is finally melting, and this could be heaven on earth for the over 21 population. If you want to find out more about Buffalo’s Food Trucks check out http://www.buffaloeats.org/guides/ food-trucks/ Alternatively starting in May, Larkin Square Food Truck Tuesday will commence, with more than 20 food trucks come together to celebrate a night of food, music and fun! Office Space Available Looking to share office space, staff, accounting/billing software (Medisoft), overhead, utilities. DC, PT, Massage, Naturopaths, etc. Located in Virginia Beach, VA. Two 9x9 rooms avail, or can combine to one 9x18 room. Plenty of parking. Call Scott at 757-497-8200 or text 757-3386649, [email protected] and www.vabeachchiropractic.com. Price is flexible and depends on what resources you need. Benefits: • Perfect for new graduates! • An established office with office supplies, desks, computers, TV, set up utilities • Get the experience of a 17-year chiropractic veteran for help The Catalyst is calling for interested students! ATTENTION STUDENTS!!! Those who submit material for The Catalyst are eligible to receive a custom Catalyst T-shirt. The shirts will be grey with the logo below in black and red. Only submissions printed in The Catalyst will receive a T-shirt. Keep an out for SKETCH this month! 9 Superstition BY NATALIE DOUIE We’ve all heard our mothers say “an apple a day keeps the doctor away”. And if that familiar phrase does not ring a bell, then perhaps you have heard that a rabbit’s foot can bring you good luck or an itchy palm is a sign of money to come. Maybe you are better acquainted with the more ominous superstitions such as, “if a black cat crosses your path, you will have bad luck” or “a clove of garlic will protect you from evil spirits”. But what about the lesser known superstitions around the world? In many parts of Africa, for example, people take their superstitions very seriously, and many swear by the legitimacy of their beliefs. In this article, I take a brief look into some of the ideologies and traditions in Zimbabwean culture. There was a time, back home, in Zimbabwe, when my house was robbed twice in one month. Fed up with this developing trend, my dad went out and bought a medium sized, dark stone sculpture of an owl and sat it down in the front garden. We were never robbed again. 10 A witch doctor would tell you that the reason no one ever trespassed on that property again was because of the presence of an evil spirit – the owl. Zimbabweans believe that witches (yes, witches) are able to turn into any of their familiars – hyenas, snakes, crocodiles, owls – and await their unsuspecting prey. So, to my father’s amusement, any potential “tsotsis” were scared off immediately upon being confronted by the owl. Witchcraft is a major part of Zimbabwean society. In the Shona culture, we are told “Ukaridza muridzo manheru unodaidza shumba, kana varoyi” – do not whistle at night while indoors or else you will call witches (varoyi) into the home or you will summon a lion (shumba) into the home. Many Zimbabweans attribute their misfortunes to the activities of witches. So, if a lion enters the home, it is because a witch has cursed that dwelling place. Similarly, if a woman’s face becomes ugly, or a baby is born unhealthy, or a spouse dies unexpectedly, blame is put on the witch, or a jealous relative who probably enlisted the help of a witch. In the rural areas, it is not difficult to find a n’anga (a traditional healer) who can prescribe one with love potions, youth elixirs or wealth charms. They can remove a witch’s curse and they can also help one to seek revenge. For instance, a man who suspects that his wife is being unfaithful may go to a n’anga and get a type of medicine to place in her drink or her food that will bring on a type of affliction locally known as runyoka. Any man that she has sexual relations with, other than her husband, will supposedly begin to ‘waste’ away (I am not making this up!). Not surprisingly, runyoka is often conflated with HIV/AIDS. Runyoka is, however, curable with a traditional healer’s intervention; HIV/AIDS is not. Encountering a chameleon is another thing most Zimbabweans fear because it is an indication that a family member will die. This is very much to the chameleon’s detriment, as most of them are killed as soon as they are spotted, in an attempt to “undo” the harm intended by the bad omens. Life is frighteningly unpredictable. It’s no wonder that we search for signs in order to gain some control over our lives or to prepare ourselves for the unknown. Is there any prophetic value in a superstition? Who knows, perhaps everything that happens is simply down to chance, coincidence, or the placebo effect. I personally have never encountered a witch during my life in Zimbabwe, however, that is not to say that the Shona culture has got it all wrong. I am not immune to being superstitious; I pick up coins off the sidewalk for good luck and I don’t walk under ladders or put my shoes on the table. MNS Celebrates Pi Day BY KYLE FANCHER In March the MNS Club and the MNS Department celebrated Pi Day! (pi, π = 3.14) Students and MNS faculty celebrated by making pi bracelets that included the numbers of pi, and by enjoying tasty mini pies. Two pythons made a special visit to the ALT lobby, including a 160 lb python named Bertha! Students enjoyed touching and holding a small python named Oz. Students donated spare change to benefit the Buffalo Zoo, and also to win a chance to throw a pie at an MNS Department faculty member. Dr. David Stewart (Chemistry) was the lucky recipient of a whipped cream pie in the face! The MNS Club is always looking for new members who like science and math, and want to participate in fun events and service activities. Contact MNS Club president Alex Cummings ([email protected]) or faculty advisor Dr. Stacy Ruvio ([email protected]) if you are interested in joining! Tabs for a Cause BY STEPHANIE GABBEY Think about the number of internet tabs you open on a daily basis. A lot, right? What if you were able to raise money for charity with each tab you open on any internet browser? Tab for a Cause is a web browser application that opens every time you open your browser and uses ad revenue from advertisements on the page to raise money for charity. Each tab you open generates between 1/10 and 1/3 of a cent for charity. It sounds like such a small amount, but it is in fact very, very easy to quickly raise funds for important causes. The best part: you get to decide where your money goes. There are five categories for which you can raise money, including the environment, human rights, education, and health. Or, if you prefer, you can choose what specific charity (of those provided, including Water.org, Save the Children, and Human Rights Watch) receives the money you donate. Each tab generates one “heart”, used as currency to show how much should be donated to which charities. Join and create groups to make a larger impact or save world by yourself, all without having to leave your living room. Please make sure to disable AdBlock for this page, as no money will be generated if the ads don’t make it to you. Go to www. tabforacause.org to install the app on any browser and make a difference for causes that matter to you. 11 This Day In History BY RACHEL STODDARD April 1st- The Spanish Civil War effectively ends with the official recognition of Franco’s government. 1939. April 2nd- Haitian revolt leader Toussaint L’Ouverture takes command of French forces at Santo Domingo. 1796. April 3rd- Philip II of Spain and Henry II of France sign the peace of CateauCambresis, ending a long series of wars between the Hapsburg and Valois dynasties. 1559. April 4th- Field Marshal Erwin Rommel captures the British held town of Benghazi in North Africa. 1941. April 5th- Mahatma Ghandi defies British law by making salt in India instead of buying it from the British. 1930. April 6th- Joseph Smith and five others organize the Church of Latter-Day Saints in Seneca, New York. 1830. April 7th- The Co-editor Bridget Dix was born. April 8th- The 17th Amendment is ratified, requiring direct election of senators. 1913. April 10th- Imprisoned Irish Republican Army hunger striker Bobby Sands is elected to the British Parliament. 1981. April 11th- After receiving a copy of the provisional treaty on 13 March, Congress proclaims a formal end to hostilities with Great Britain. 1783. April 12th- England adopts the Union Jack as its flag. 1606. April 13th- The U.N. General Assembly condemns South Africa because of apartheid. 1961. April 14th- The passenger liner Titanic–deemed unsinkable–strikes an iceberg on her maiden voyage and begins to sink. The ship will go under the next day with a loss of 1,500 lives. 1912. April 15th- Cuban leader Fidel Castro begins a U.S. goodwill tour. 1959. April 16th- The U.S. Senate ratifies the Rush-Bagot amendment to form an unarmed U.S.-Canada border. 1818. April 17th- Apollo 13–originally scheduled to land on the moon–lands back safely on Earth after an accident. 1970. April 18th- Leon Trotsky calls for the overthrow of Soviet leader Josef Stalin. 1937. April 19th- English poet Lord Byron dies of malaria at age 36 while aiding Greek independence. 1824. April 20th- The Polish Army captures Vilno, Lithuania from the Soviets. 1919. April 21st- Traditional date of the foundation of Rome. 753 BC April 22nd- In Africa, Rwandan troops kill thousands of Hutu refugees in Kibeho. 1995. April 23rd- The Army-McCarthy hearings begin. 1954. April 24th- Leftist students take over Columbia University in protest over the Vietnam War. 1968. April 25th- The guillotine is first used to execute highwayman Nicolas J. Pelletier. 1792. April 26th- Pazzi conspirators attack Lorenzo and kill Giuliano de’Medici. 1478. April 27th- Protesting students take over Tiananmen Square in Beijing, China. 1989. April 28th- Muhammad Ali refuses induction into the U.S. Army and is stripped of boxing title. 1967. April 29th- Joan of Arc leads French forces to victory over English at Orleans. 1429. April 30th- Adolf Hitler commits suicide in his bunker. 1945. 12 CO-EDITORS: Bridget Dix Candice Price DESIGN CONSULTANT: Cher Ravenell ADVISORS: Jeff Platt & Judy Dumitru STAFF: Stephanie Gabbey Joe Brown Kyle Fancher Melanie Petrone Rachel Stoddard Heather Beyea Kristen Petrushesky Nicola Woods Natalie Douie The Catalyst, the Student Voice of D’Youville College is a monthly publication funded and supported by D’Youville’s Student Association. The opinions expressed in The Catalyst are not necessarily the views of D’Youville College, the Student Association or The Catalyst. Submissions become the property of The Catalyst and are subject to the editors’ approval. The Catalyst reserves the right to edit, print or to not print any submissions. All submissions should be typed and must include the author’s name, which will be printed unless special arrangements are made. In new and upcoming issues of The Catalyst, for the first article or picture submission that is run in the paper, a customized Catalyst T-shirt will be awarded when The Catalyst reaches newsstands. Each student may only receive one T-shirt. Students submitting any additional material will receive a raffle ticket to be drawn for a mystery prize at the end of the academic year.