3M - Proxima

3M Advanced
Technologies for
Aerospace Structures
• Structural Composites • Structural Adhesives
• Protective Products
3Innovation
A resource of multiple technologies and
disciplines focused on your unique needs.
3M Aerospace Central in Springfield, Missouri, was
established specifically to help the aerospace industry meet
the ever increasing demand for improvements and new
ideas. By calling 1-800-235-AERO from anywhere
in the United States*, you can get current information on
3M™ products and services.
3M PRODUCTS AND TECHNOLOGIES
Drag reduction
Appliqué film for
paint replacement
Bonding stringer
• Metal to metal
• Metal to composite
Radome
protection
Floor beam
bonding
Composite floor
panels and floor
beams
Belly impact
protection
Vibration damping
tapes for fuselage
skins and support
members
Cargo
liner
These are the advanced composites, adhesives, protective
products, and expertise that can help you imagine more
and accomplish more in design and assembly.**
1-800-235-AERO is also your resource for more than
what you'll find in this brochure. With 3M, a multi-billion
dollar international company, you can draw on a global
multi-technology base and perhaps find what you need in
hundreds of other 3M product areas.
3M SERVICES
• Fast response to your requests for 3M product samples.
• Personal technical service to help establish more
efficient ways to handle and process 3M aerospace
materials in your manufacturing.
• Easy ordering and delivery based on your schedule.
Engine structure:
• Nacelle bonding
• Guide vanes
• Cascades
• Fan spacers
• Blocker doors
• Microperf noise
suppression
materials
• Ablative
rub strip
• Technically trained sales specialists for immediate
problem solving.
* See back cover for 3M Aerospace global telephone numbers.
** Our customers are responsible for insuring that all regulatory approvals are in
place for use of a 3M product on aircraft.
Wing to body
composite fairing
As you can see in the time line, 3M commitment and
contributions to aerospace industry progress have been
ongoing since the early 50's. Today, you can find potential
applications for 3M products on aircraft from nose to tail
worldwide.
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1946 1952 1953
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C O N T R I B U T I O N S
1965
1966
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1967
1968
1971
1976
A E R O S P A C E
1980
1981
1982
P R O G R E S S
Interior decorative
laminate bonding
Leading edge
erosion protection
Lightning strike/
EMI protection
Composite wing
structure: skin,
spars, ribs, and
fittings
Metal-to-metal
bonding
Control surface
skins
Galley and lavatory
floor moisture barrier
Leading edge
erosion protection
Composite
surfacing
1
Trim bonding
Stowbin assembly
Bonded composite
Composite fairing
Door and access
door structures
O 2 panel assembly
Composite
empennage
structure: skin,
spars, ribs, and
fittings
Interior panel
construction
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1991
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1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
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3
3M Quality and Service – more than
meeting your current material specifications.
Meeting your current material specifications is the minimum
you can expect from 3M. Work with us from the start of
your design and new materials can be developed for
your application. Typically, new 3M aerospace products
have been developed with a customer to meet new design
requirements.
Materials currently available –
Page
2
At 3M research centers in Minnesota and Texas, over 950
PhD's and more than 5,000 chemists, physicists, engineers
and technologists develop new materials or tailor materials
for specific characteristics. These efforts are reinforced by
research centers in Europe and Japan.
3M Structural Composites ...............................
RTM Resins ................................................
3M™ Carbon Composite Products ..............
3M™ Prepregs ..............................................
3M™ Glass and Kevlar®................................
Prepreg Selection Chart ..............................
5
8
10
12
16
19
3M Structural Adhesives .................................
Adhesive Films (AF)
250ºF (121ºC) curing .........................
Isolating Bonding Films .............................
Adhesive Films (AF)
350ºF (177ºC) curing .........................
Primers ........................................................
Decorative Laminating Adhesive ................
Composite Surfacing ...................................
Lightening Strike/EMI Protection ..............
Syntactic Core ............................................
Core Splice Adhesive Film .........................
Paste Adhesives ..........................................
Void Fillers ..................................................
21
24
27
28
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
40
3M Protective Products .................................... 41
Protective Tapes .......................................... 42
Vibration Control Products ......................... 46
International locations (back cover) ................... 48
4
3
3M world headquarters and research facilities in St. Paul,
Minnesota, U.S..A.
Kevlar is a registered trademark of Dupont.
4
3M production facilities in Springfield, Missouri, USA. ISO-9002
certified and Total Quality Management System.
Structural Adhesives
59
5
3M ™ Scotch-Weld ™Aerospace Adhesive Products and Services
The brand name “Scotch-Weld” is based on aircraft company
conclusions made in the early 1950’s that this class of adhesive
exhibited structural strength comparable to welding. Since
then, ongoing 3M research and development has continued
to provide leading edge performance in adhesive technology
for the aerospace industry. But technology is just part of
the 3M commitment.
Aligning with
aircraft companies
To align with aerospace companies in meeting their bonding
requirements, 3M goes beyond technology. This is service
and support that helps aerospace designers put that technology to work quickly and effectively.
• Technical service – Industry-experienced 3M technical
service representatives provide application support,
shop training, and troubleshooting on-site and in 3M
laboratories.
• Product development – Innovation is a 3M tradition.
And 3M development chemists have the expertise,
corporate resources, and technical capabilities to
formulate adhesive products to meet unique
aerospace customer specifications.
• Analytical facilities – 3M specialized analytical
facilities and expertise are available to focus on any
aerospace technical problem.
• Material processing and testing – 3M can easily
meet your needs for qualification testing support and
new process development.
Recently
• Manufacturing to highest quality standards – 3M
manufacturing and testing facilities meet or exceed
the quality standards of the industry such as ISO-9000
and Boeing D1-9000.
• Local sales support – 3M sales representatives
provide industry and sales experience on a local,
personal basis.
60
61
Dead load stress test – Carl Almer started a dead
load stress test on one specimen in 1965...and the
test was still running in 1999.
6
1965
Structural Adhesives
Autoclave for heat curing characteristics and preparation of bonded test panels.
65
Scotch-Weld products include:
• Structural adhesive films
– 250°F (121°C) curing epoxy
films.
62
– 250°F and 350°F (121°C
and 177°C) curing isolating
bonding films.
– Core stabilization film.
– 350°F (177°C) curing nitrile
phenolic and epoxy films.
• Adhesive primers
– Solvent and water-based.
• Decorative LaminatingAdhesive
• Low density syntactic films
– Composite surfacing films.
63
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) –
The team of 3M adhesive scientists and technicians
can identify and analyze substrate surfaces for
composition and contaminates that affect adhesion.
– Composite lightning strike/EMI
protective films.
– Scotch-Core syntactic core
material.
64
– Core splice adhesive films.
• Structural paste adhesives
– One-part epoxy.
– Two-part epoxy/urethane.
66
Phosphoric acid anodizing line for preparation
of aluminum test panels.
From this technology base, hundreds
of formulations are possible to tailormatch your design requirements.
Additionally, new products and resin
systems are under development to
meet increasingly higher expectations
for toughness and durability.
• Low density void-filling potting
compounds.
In depth, personal service — 3M Aerospace
sales specialists are trained to help you take full
advantage of 3M technology in engineering your
application requirements.
7
3M ™ Scotch-Weld™ 250°F (121°C)
Curing Epoxy Adhesive Films
The high peel strength epoxy technology pioneered by 3M
for low temperature/low pressure curing adhesive films is
now standard throughout the industry for bonding skins to
honeycomb. The line includes such breakthroughs as AF 126,
the first toughened epoxy. This adhesive film provides
overlap shear of >5,000 psi at room temperature with a 180ºF
(82ºC) service temperature. Customers specify this product
for bonding, surfacing, and core tacking applications.
AF 163-2 –
one of the
most widely
specified adhesive films
AF 163-2 increases service temperature over AF 126. For
applications requiring even higher service temperature, AF 563
is based on the new 3M epoxy backbone chemistry. For
bonding substrates that can not be exposed to high cure
temperatures, 3M offers AF 127-3, a unique film that can
be cured as low as 175°F (79°C).
for a family of modified epoxy structural
adhesive films for
applications requiring a service
temperature up to 225ºF (107ºC). With high performance,
toughness and hot/wet durability, AF 163-2 has become an
industry standard. Plus, at a competitive price, AF 163-2
offers the following unique combination of properties:
A Progression in Service Temperature
OVERLAP SHEAR PSI
Note: The technical
information and data
on these two pages
should be considered
representative or
typical only and
should not be used for
specification purposes.
5000
180°F (82°C)
4500
250°F (121°C)
4000
300°F (149°C)
AF 163-2 is the 3M
designation
• Resists pre-bond shop humidity.
• Bonds “wet” Nomex ® honeycomb core without
pre-drying.
• Several temperatures – 225ºF (107ºC) dry Tg;
180ºF (82ºC) wet Tg.
3500
3000
2500
• Cyclic stress durability. Outlasts similar high peel
strength adhesive films.
2000
1500
1000
500
AF 126-2
AF 163-2
AF 563
• Over 3000 psi (20.7 MPa) overlap shear strength at
225ºF (107ºC).
• High peel strength: 70 piw (12.3 N/mm) floating
roller peel.
Replacing mechanical fasteners – AF 126-2 bonds metal stringers in
commercial transport fuselage.
67
68
Baggage door in the nose area of commercial
transport – AF 163-2 bonds aluminum skin to
pre-cut metal honeycomb.
8
Structural Adhesives
71
Composite or honeycomb bonding – Many of
our adhesive films are designed to bond composite
panels or honeycomb sandwich panels for a variety
of structural applications.
PRE-BOND HUMIDITY AFFECT
Metal/Metal Bell Peel Strength piw
69
80
AF 163-2
60
40
Competitive Films
20
0
0
5
10
Days Exposed
Exposure: 80°F (27°C) 80% R.H.
Testing temp: -67°F (-55°C)
15
CYCLIC HOT/WET TESTING
800
AF 163-2
Cycles to Failure
700
600
78.0%
of initial
500
400
300
100
70
Commercial transport flap vane – AF 163-2 bonds the skin to the core in
assembly of a flap vane, shown here in fixture after autoclaving.
Moisture-resistant AF 163-2 – a solution
to the problem of “wet”Nomex® Honeycomb
0
20.0%
of initial
Competitive
Films
200
74.0%
of initial
11.0%
of initial
0
10
20
30 40 50 60
% Relative Humidity
70
Test specimen: Raab (0.125”)
Cycle rate: 4/hour
Load: 1500 psi (10.3 MPa)
Test environment: 140°F (60°C)
and 95-100% R.H.
Specimens exposed 10 days at
75°F (24°C) and specific
humidity prior to lay-up and
cure
PROBLEM:
The effect of honeycomb moisture is seen easily when
testing -67ºF (-55ºC) honeycomb peel strength or 180ºF
(82ºC) flatwise tensile strength. Strength retention in
many adhesives is only 20% of dry Nomex values.
Nomex Honeycomb absorbs ambient humidity which
can significantly reduce the durability of the adhesive
bond between honeycomb and a composite skin.
Unfortunately, such tests are not generally part of the
received or in- process Quality Control procedures and
loss of adhesive durability is missed.
To manage the problem, many aircraft manufacturers
require shipment and storage of Nomex in poly-wraps to
minimize moisture. Often the honeycomb is also dried
in ovens prior to usage.
But even with oven drying, Nomex immediately starts
absorbing moisture in the bond shop — even at 75ºF
(24ºC) and 50% RH.
SOLUTION:
In the same tests, AF 163-2 retains 90% of its performance. Based on this unique moisture resistance, more
and more bond shops depend on AF 163-2 to better
control the effects of “wet” Nomex.
9
3M ™ Scotch-Weld™ 250°F (121°C)
Curing Epoxy Adhesive Films
AF 563 – 220°F (104°C) hot/wet
durability with a unique combination
of properties
A novel 3M epoxy backbone chemistry developed for
use in AF 563 significantly advances the “wet” and “dry”
elevated temperature properties of 3M high-strain-to-failure
resins cured at 220-275ºF (104-135ºC). The chemistry also
increases the glass transition temperature (Tg) without
decreasing resin toughness.
AF 563 Hot/Wet Wide Area Shear Strength
Test Temp
250°F
(121°C)
Wide Area Shear Strength
“Dry”
“Wet”
2900 psi
(20.0 MPa)
2500 psi
(17.2 MPa)
"Wet" specimens were exposed to 180°F (82°C) at 100% RH for 35 days and immediately tested at 250°F
(121°C) while still saturated.
Note: The technical information and data on
these two pages should be considered representative
or typical only and should not be used for
specification purposes.
AF 563 features include:
• Advance in hot/wet retention of properties.
• High strain to failure.
• High peel strength: 62 piw metal-to-metal floating
roller.
• 220-350ºF (104-177ºC) co-cure with prepregs.
• 220ºF (104ºC) hot/wet durability.
• 300ºF (149ºC) dry shear strength.
72
• Resistant to pre-bond
humidity in bond shops.
The following graphs show high temperature characteristics
of AF 563 that go beyond the industry standard Scotch-Weld
AF 163-2.
73
Glass Transition Temperature (Tg)
300°F
(149°)C
AF 563
AF 163-2
200°F
(93°)C
100°F
(38°)C
Dry
Wet*
Dry
Wet*
In comparing AF 563 to
AF 163-2, AF 563 WET
offers a higher Tg than
AF 163-2 DRY. And the
wet Tg typical of other
systems cured below
275°F (135°C) are well
below AF 163-2...often
less than 135°F (57°C).
* Wet after 14 days immersion,
160°F (71°C) water.
Overlap Shear - PSI
Overlap Shear vs. Temperature
Helicopter leading edge – The first 250°F (121°C) curing film with a 300°F
(149°C) service temperature, AF 3109-2 bonds titanium leading edge to the
de-icer mat in spar assembly. Co-cured with prepregs at 250°F (121°C),
AF 3109-2 goes through secondary cure cycles without stress to the structure.
AF 563K (.06 lb/ft2)
AF 163-2K (.06 lb/ft2)
Temperature
300°F (146°C)
Other structural film adhesives may have the peel strength or the overlap
shear strength at high temperatures of AF 563, but AF 563 is the first to provide
the same combined performance or hot/wet retention of properties.
10
AF 191-G108 and AF 163-2G108
Isolating Bonding Films –
solving problems of bonding
dissimilar materials
Bonding dissimilar materials can cause galvanic corrosion
or unequal thermal expansion. Galvanic corrosion occurs
when dissimilar materials such as carbon epoxy skin and
aluminum honeycomb contact in the presence of an electrolyte such as saltwater.
Scotch-Weld Isolating Bonding Films not only bond, but
help isolate dissimilar materials with an integral glass scrim.
The scrim acts as a barrier to help prevent the contact that
leads to a galvanic reaction.
Film toughness also helps overcome stresses of differing
thermal expansion rates.
Other features include:
• Tough structural bond.
• Excellent honeycomb peel compared to
self-adhering prepreg systems.
• Excellent hot/wet durability.
• Choice of cure temperatures. AF 163-2G108 from
225° to 350°F (107° to 177°C). AF 191-G108 from
275° to 350°F (135° to 177°C).
• Compatible with most epoxy prepreg systems.
3M ™ Scotch-Weld™ Core
Stabilization Film
Next generation military
aircraft – AF 163-2G108
provides an isolating
bond between aluminum
honeycomb core and carbon
reinforced composites.
74
250°F (121°C) Curing Films at a Glance
AF 2622 Core
Stabilization Film is
designed to meet customer
specifications for precision
machining of non-metallic
honeycomb core. In addition,
AF 2622 helps maintain
dimensional stability of the
core which can change
shape due to moisture absorption.
Products
AF 126
AF 127-3
AF 163-2
AF 3109-2
AF 3113-5
AF 563
Service
temperature
180°F
(82°C)
200°F
(93°C)
225°F
(107°C)
300°F
(149°C)
300°F
(149°C)
300°F
(149°C)
OLS
75°F (24°C)
5200 psi
(35.9 MPa)
5500 psi
(37.9 MPa)
5600 psi
(38.6 MPa)
5500 psi
(37.9 MPa)
5500 psi
(37.9 MPa)
5500 psi
(37.9 MPa)
• Allows vacuum chucking of core to NC machining
tables.
Peel strength
(a) Metal/metal
70 piw
floating roller (12.3 N/cm)
50 piw
(8.8 N/cm)
65 piw
(11.4 N/cm)
45 piw
(7.9 N/cm)
42 piw
(7.4 N/cm)
60 piw
(10.5 N/cm)
• Maintains core dimensions during storage.
18 ipiw
(80 mN/m)
25 ipiw
(111 mN/m)
20 ipiw
(89 mN/m)
25 ipiw
20 ipiw
(111 mN/m) (89 mN/m)
(b) Honeycomb
25 ipiw
(111 mN/m)
75
Performance features include:
• Open scrim weave for easy honeycomb bonding.
• Compatible with 3M AF 191 and AF 563
Adhesive Films.
11
Structural Adhesives
3M ™ Scotch-Weld™ Isolating
Bonding Films
3M ™ Scotch-Weld™ 350ºF (177ºC)
Curing Nitrile Phenolic Adhesive Films
76
Nitrile phenolic –
tough, high service temperature
adhesive films
Scotch-Weld nitrile phenolic formulations have been performance proven for almost 40 years in commercial and
military designs. Scotch-Weld AF 10, a nitrile phenolic,
was the first adhesive film qualified, and is still widely
specified as a “seal/bond” system for an integral fuel tank
(see below).
Nitrile phenolics can outperform epoxies at high temperatures. With Scotch-Weld nitrile phenolic AF 31, for example,
a long-term service temperature of 500ºF (260ºC) for
greater than 2,000 hours is achieved. Also, as shown in the
graph, nitrile phenolic adhesives provide greater strength
retention than epoxy at temperatures above 400ºF (204ºC).
Even today, the most advanced commercial aircraft designs
use Scotch-Weld nitrile phenolic films for primary structures
requiring sonic fatigue durability and 300ºF (149ºC) service
temperature.
Nacelle assembly – With 1700 psi overlap shear at 300˚F (149˚C) and 40 piw
T-peel, AF 30 Adhesive Film bonds the aluminum skins of engine nacelles —
an application demanding resistance to sonic fatigue.
77
Scotch-Weld AF 10 –
seal/bond for low maintenance
Scotch-Weld AF 10 is a nitrile phenolic adhesive film
with high peel strength at service temperatures from
-67°F to 180°F (-55° to 82°C). It was first used to
seal/bond the integral fuel tanks of the F102, F106, and
Convair 880 and 990. During the lifetimes of these
planes, studies by the manufacturers and U.S. Air Force
showed significant cost savings in fuel tank maintenance for leakage. One study reported $10 spent on
maintenance per 1,000 hours of flight time instead of
$5,000-10,000 for polysulfide sealed aircraft.
78
The AF 10/EC-1290 seal/bond system is used today for
fuel containment on the F-16 and various missiles.
Based on the characteristics in the following chart, AF
10 can be considered as the low maintenance alternative
to polysulfide sealants.
12
F-16 fuselage fuel tank assembly – AF 10 Adhesive Film is used with
EC-1290 primer as a durable system to seal/bond integral fuel tanks.
Overall labor and materials savings over polysulfide sealing is estimated
at more than 25%.
Structural Adhesives
79
Doubler stacks – AF 30 Adhesive Film is sandwiched
in aluminum doubler stacks for panel lamination.
Nitrile Phenolics vs. Epoxy Adhesives
Overlap Shear
Typical Epoxy
AF 31*, 15
350°F
(177°C)
400°F
(204°C)
450°F
(232°C)
500°F
(260°C)
* AF 31 offers highest service temp (500°F+; 260°C+)
Scotch-Weld AF 30 –
most widely used nitrile phenolic
Scotch-Weld AF 30 has been proven during more than 30
years of continuous use in commercial aircraft production.
Today, AF 30 is widely specified to damp metal-to-metal
laminates in high sonic fatigue areas of aircraft structure.
Specific key advantages include:
• 300ºF (149ºC) service temperature with over
1700 psi (11.7 MPa) overlap shear strength.
• T-peel of 40 piw (175 N/25mm).
80
Spoiler lower pan assembly – AF 32 Adhesive Film bonds doubler stacks and
provides resonant vibration damping. 60 piw (263 N/25 mm) T-peel helps the
assembly resist high peel stresses.
Scotch-Weld AF 32 –
sound damping, impact
and abrasion resistance
A breakthrough more than 30 years ago with a T-peel of
60 piw, AF 32 Adhesive Film still provides the highest
T-peel strength of any Scotch-Weld nitrile phenolic or
epoxy adhesive film. Plus, overlap shear strength at 300ºF
(149ºC) exceeds 1000 psi (6.9 MPa).
• Excellent history of corrosion resistance.
• Over 30 years of proven flight experience.
• Film toughness allows stretch forming operations to
be done on bonded panels.
Note: The technical information and data on this page should be considered
representative or typical only and should not be used for specification purposes.
Currently, military components are being re-engineered
with AF 32 to damp resonant vibrations.
Nitrile Phenolic Adhesive Films at a Glance
Products
AF 10
AF 30
AF 31, 15
AF 32
Service
temperature 2
180°F
(82°C)
250°F
(121°C)
300°F
(149°C)
250°F
(121°C)
OLS
@ 75°F (24°C)
3500 psi
(24.1 MPa)
4400 psi
(30.3 MPa)
4000 psi
(27.6 MPa)
3500 psi
(24.1 MPa)
35 piw
(6.1 mN/mm)
20 piw
(3.5 mN/mm)
55 piw
(9.6 mN/mm)
1
Peel strength
Metal/metal
45 piw
floating roller (7.9 mN/mm)
(1) Several weights available.
(2) Temperature at which products provide 1500 psi (10.3 MPa) OLS.
13
3M ™ Scotch-Weld™ 350°F (177°C)
Curing Epoxy Adhesive Films
Long term durability, good peel strength
for honeycomb bonding
The latest 3M research has been to increase peel strength
or toughness, as well as long term durability at high temperature. One result of this research is Scotch-Weld AF 191.
AF 191 – the tough
high-strain-to-failure epoxy.
The degree of toughness as exhibited by high-strain-to-failure
and honeycomb peel is unique. And as seen in the chart,
high shear strength is maintained even after three years
constant exposure to 350ºF (177ºC).
A versatile adhesive film, AF 191 is at work in a variety of
applications. With toughness and high overlap shear, AF 191
bonds sound suppression panels in engine nacelles. And for
applications in space, Scotch-Weld AF 191 has been tested
for low out-gassing and qualified for use on communications
satellites.
Among the many performance features, you'll find:
• High strain to failure.
• Retention of initial OLS at 350ºF (177ºC) even after
34,000 hours.
• Hot/wet durability.
• Good adhesion to thermoplastics.
• 350ºF (177ºC) service temperature and excellent
retention of properties after 10,000 hours at 400°F
(204°C).
• Can be reticulated.
Overlap Shear Strength (AF-191 K.08 wt/EC-3917 Primer)
Hours at 350°F
(177°C)
psi (MPa)
0
2,500
11,000
26,000
81
34,320
2367 (16.3) 3046 (21.0) 2920 (20.1) 2470 (17.0) 2440 (16.8)
Values were obtained at 350°F (177°C) according to MMM-A-132 on 2024T-3 FPL etched.
AF 191: High Strain, Tough Adhesive
Thick Adherend Stress/Strain
14,000
Stress (psi)
12,000
10,000
Thick Adherend Specimens
-67°F (-55°C)
75°F (24°C)
8,000
250°F (121°C)
6,000
350°F (177°C)
4,000
2,000
82
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4
Strain (IN/IN)
14
Sound suppression panels – Scotch-Weld AF 191 can be reticulated for
bonding acoustic panels used in engine nacelles.
Structural Adhesives
AF 143-2 –
high OLS, good composite honeycomb peel
AF 143-2 has been proven on an advanced military bomber,
particularly in composite bonding, and on the space shuttle
for all metal-to-metal bonding. Primary features include
the following:
• Overlap shear strength of 2800 psi (19.3 MPa) at
350ºF (177ºC).
• 35 in.lb/3 in. honeycomb peel strength.
83
85
AF 143 family of films is widely used for composite bonding on an advanced
military bomber.
350°F (177°C) Curing Epoxy Films at a Glance
Products 1
AF 130-2
AF 131-2
AF 143-2
AF 147
AF 191
Service
temperature 2
350°F
(177°C)
350°F
(177°C)
350°F
(177°C)
300°F
(149°C)
350°F
(177°C)
OLS
@ 75°F (24°C)
2250 psi
(15.5 MPa)
2250 psi
(15.5 MPa)
3250 psi
(22.4 MPa)
4000 psi
(27.6 MPa)
4000 psi
(27.6 MPa)
Peel strength
(a) Metal/metal
floating roller
5 piw
(0.9 N/mm)
3 piw
(0.5 N/mm)
15 piw
(2.6 N/mm)
30 piw
(5.3 N/mm)
30 piw
(5.3 N/mm)
(b) Honeycomb
10 ip3w
10 ip3w
35 ip3w
45 ip3w
45 ip3w
(88 N/75 mm) (88 N/75 mm) (306 N/75 mm) (394 N/75 mm) (394 N/75 mm)
(1) Other weights and scrim/carriers are available.
(2) Temperature at which products provide 2000 psi (13.8 MPa) OLS.
84
Dorsal fin of fighter – For bonding graphite epoxy prepreg to Nomex® honeycomb cores, Scotch-Weld AF 147 Adhesive Film provides 42 in.lbs/3 in. (368
N/75 mm) honeycomb peel with 300˚F (149˚C) service temperature.
Note: The technical information and data on these two pages should
be considered representative or typical only and should not be used for
specification purposes.
15
3M ™ Scotch-Weld™Adhesive Primers
Film-matched for
optimum adhesive performance
Each Scotch-Weld Primer is formulated to help assure the
maximum possible performance from a specific Scotch-Weld
Adhesive Film. This film-matched approach gives you a
compatible system to stabilize the prepared surface, promote
adhesion and bond durability, and protect against corrosion.
Both solvent-based and water-based versions are available.
Water-based primers
EC-3963 is a 250°F (121°C) curing epoxy primer that
meets industry requirements with less than 250g/liter VOC.
Designed to spray and handle like a solvent-based primer,
EC-3963 can be substituted in the shop with little or no
process change.
• No pre-bake or bake between coats required.
• Excellent performance between .15 – 0.4 mil
cured thickness.
86
Helicopter tail boom – Sprayed on the reinforcing longerons of a helicopter
tail boom, EC-3924 B Primer protects against corrosive environments inside
and outside the bond line.
• Quick flash dry between coats.
• Tack free.
Water-based EC-3983 performance is similar to EC-3917.
Primer/Adhesive Film Matching Guide
Water Based
Fuselage skin – EC-3960 Primer, formulated for
efficient spraying, protects skins prior to assembly
and resists corrosion in end use.
Adhesive
EC-1290
AF 6, 10, 13 Film
EC-1660
AF 30, 32 Film
EC-2174
AF 15, 31 Film
EC-2320
AF 126 Film
EC-3917
Universal C. I.*
350°F (177°C) cure
EC-3924B
AF 163-2 Film
EC-3960
Universal C. I.*
250°F (121°C) cure
EC-1945 B/A
Room temp. curing
adhesive primer
EC-2333
Room temp. curing
adhesion promoter
EC-3963
Universal C. I.*
250°F (121°C) cure
EC-3983
Universal C. I.*
350°F (177°C) cure
88
87
Doubler assembly – EC-1660 (5%) sprayed on
aluminum layers insures complete wetting of AF
30 Adhesive Film in doubler assembly.
Epoxy
Solvent Based
Nitrile
Phenolic
Primers
*C.I. – Corrosion Inhibiting
Engine nacelle “V” rings – EC-3917 is a
corrosion-inhibiting primer engineered for
high temperature applications.
16
89
Structural Adhesives
3M™ Decorative Laminating Adhesive
High strength, removable
decorative laminate bonding
• Reliable adhesion with 160°F (71°C) hot performance
and 120°F (49°C) hot/wet performance.
EC-2636 B/A Decorative Laminating Adhesive is a 2-part
water-based adhesive designed specifically for adhesion
and removal of decorative laminates on
aircraft interiors.
• Long shelf and pot life at RT.
• 57% solids for spray coverage of up to
700 sq.ft./gallon.
• Visible color change during air dry.
Traditionally, removal involves labor intensive
stripping with solvents or scrappers that could
damage delicate composite panels. With
EC-2636 B/A, removal is with a heat gun or
heating the panel in an oven at 250°F (121°C).
Turnaround is faster, reducing out-of-service
time.
• EC-2636 B/A heat cure version.
• EC-2636RT B/A room temperature
curing version.
91
Features include the following:
• Less than 6% by weight VOCs.
• Clean up with soap and water.
90
• Clean removal at 250°F (121°C)
with little or no adhesive residue.
Clean and neat, on
and off – Water-based
spray, brush or roll
coat application;
clean removal with
heat.
Versatile
performance –
Interior applications
for EC-2636 B/A
range from stowbins
and ceilings to sidewalls, bulkheads,
closet panels and
gallery panels.
93
94
17
3M ™ Low Density
Syntactic Surfacing Films
Composite Surfacing Film – cost effective
alternative to fairing compounds
Composites offer many new options for aircraft designers,
but pinholes, weave, and honeycomb mark-off challenge
paint shops trying to achieve class “A” finishes. Such surface
problems have been hidden with fairing compounds – a
messy, expensive, and time-consuming process. But now
there is a simple, cost-effective alternative – 3M AF 325
low density syntactic surfacing films.
AF 325 offers the following features:
• Low flow and customized tack for simple, clean
lay-up even against vertical mold released tools.
• Co-curing with most prepregs; little or no resin
intermingling.
• High cured thickness for greater pinhole filling and
defect hiding. Reduces the time and labor of typical
“fill and sand” composite finishing.
• 250°F (121°C) or 350°F (177°C) curing.
• Readily sanded and painted.
• Blue film provides visual definition during paint
removal, helping minimize chances for damaging
the underlying prepreg.
• Reduced moisture ingression into honeycomb.
95
96
Cross section of composite honeycomb panel – Low flow and quick gelling
of AF 325 (top layer) helps assure little or no resin intermingling. Extra cured
thickness improves pinhole filling and hiding defects.
General aviation composite components – AF 325 lowers manufacturing cost
and improves cycle time.
18
97
Structural Adhesives
98
Lightning Strike/EMI Protection
Surfacing Films
By adding a metallic screen, the performance of AF 325
composite surfacing resin is enhanced to include lightning
strike/EMI protection.
100
AF 325 LS can be tailored
with a variety of aluminum or
copper screens for specific
applications. Low film
weight to thickness ratio
helps assure encapsulation
of the screen to help prevent
screen damage during paint
preparation or removal.
Painted
99
Additional features include:
No surfacing film
3M surfacing
surfacing film
film
3M
• High cured thickness for greater pinhole filling and
defect hiding. Reduces the time and labor of typical
“fill and sand” composite finishing.
• Customized tack for easy lay-up even against vertical
mold released tools.
• Co-curing with most prepregs; little or no resin
intermingling.
Demonstration panel – Upper section shows finished panel after painting.
Note the pinhole filling and surface quality in upper right with the 3M
composite surfacing film.
• Flexible cures from 225°F (107°C) to 350°F (177°C).
• Film color provides visual definition during paint
removal, helping minimize chances for damaging the
underlying prepreg.
EMI shielding – Depending on the screen, AF 325 LS film
provides zone 1, 2, or 3 lightning strike and EMI protection.
19
3M ™ Scotch-Core ™ Syntactic Film
101
Lightweight core material
for new design alternatives
2 plies composite
SKIN: 8 plies composite
With 3M microballoons in a structural composite epoxy
matrix, Scotch-Core Syntactic Film is a lightweight, costeffective alternative to multiple ply, solid composite panels.
Self-adhering Scotch-Core Film breaks the 1/4" barrier
in sandwich panel designs. You eliminate adhesive film
weight and can lay-up precise tolerance plies with film
thicknesses ranging from 10 to 125 mils (1/8"). Since
Scotch-Core Film is thicker per ply, lay-up is faster and
more cost-effective than with prepregs. Plus, you can
co-cure Scotch-Core Film with most prepregs.
Scotch-Core Film
2 plies composite
Honeycomb core
Add Scotch-Core Film to honeycomb panels – As an alternative in composite
skins with more than four to six plies, Scotch-Core Film replaces the center
plies of the skin, reducing weight and labor.
Features include the following:
Scotch-Core Film Compression and Short Beam Shear
• Choice of 250°F (121°C) or 350°F (149°C) curing.
SC 350 G
Compression
Short Beam
SC 250 K
Compression
Short Beam
• Glass or aramid scrims available.
Test Temp
• Low density of 39 lbs/ft3 compared to a typical
110 lbs/ft3 for carbon fiber prepregs.
-67°F (-55°C)
11283 psi
(77.8 MPa)
9033 psi
(62.3 MPa)
12500 psi
(86.2 MPa)
7000 psi
(48.3 MPa)
72°F (22°)
9328 psi
(64.3 MPa)
3873 psi
(26.7 MPa)
12000 psi
(82.7 MPa)
9000 psi
(62.1 MPa)
• Low flow, quick gelling resin.
250°F (121°C)
NA
NA
• Dielectric response appropriate for military aircraft.
9000 psi
(62.1 MPa)
5500 psi
(37.9 MPa)
300°F (149°)
6070 psi
(41.9 MPa)
4683 psi
(32.3 MPa)
–
–
350°F (177°)
4579 psi
(31.6 MPa)
3874 psi
(26.7 MPa)
–
–
• Low moisture absorption.
• Resists jet fuel,
turbine oil, and
Skydrol.
Other Scotch-Core Film data is available: 300°F (149°C) cure data for
SC 350; space data; dielectric constant; magnetic permeability; flatwise
tensile and more.
• Low out-gassing
for use in space.
• Excellent for
thermal insulation
applications.
Void filling for composite panel "close-outs" is among
many possible applications for Scotch-Core Films.
Low thermal conductivity of
Scotch-Core Syntactic Film
insulates the nose cone of the
space shuttle booster rocket.
20
102
103
Structural Adhesives
3M ™ Scotch-Weld ™ Core Splice Films
Low density films with a
range of expansion ratios
This line of low density films offers
a range of expansion ratios from 1.35
to 2.5 for bonding core to close-outs,
filling mismatched areas, or splicing
honeycomb core.With 3M glass
microballoon technology, density after
cure is consistently low for each product.
For example:
• 35-40 lbs./cu.ft. (0.56-0.64 g/cc)
for AF 3002
• 23-25 lbs./cu.ft. (0.37-0.40 g/cc)
for AF 3024
• 30 lbs./cu.ft. (0.48 g/cc) for
AF 3028
Scotch-Weld Core Splice Films can
be cured at 250ºF or 350ºF (121ºC or
177ºC). The cure temperature will
determine end use performance
characteristics. For example, when
cured at 250ºF (121ºC), AF 3002
provides high performance over the -67ºF to 250ºF (-55ºC
to 121ºC) range. When cured at 350ºF (177ºC), the range
widens from -67ºF to 350ºF (155ºC to 177ºC).
104
Reliable splicing –
With toughness and
high shear, Scotch-Weld
Core Splice Films
reliably splice honeycomb in a wide variety
of applications.
LOW DENSITY AFTER CURE
40
Density lb/ft 3
35
30
25
20
15
0
AF 3024
AF 3028
AF 3002
105
Core Splice Films at a Glance
Products
Cured density #/ft3/(g/cc)
Note: The technical information and data on these two pages should
be considered representative or typical only and should not be used
for specification purposes.
Expansion ratio
Tube shear:
250°F (121°C) cure
75°F (24°C)
350°F (177°C) cure
350°F (177°C)
AF 3024
AF 3028
AF 3030 FST
24/0.38
31/0.50
27/0.43
2.5
2.0
1.3
1500 psi
(10.3 MPa)
300 psi
(2.1 MPa)
1150 psi
(7.9 MPa)
565 psi
(3.5 MPa)
1440 psi
(9.9 MPa)
728 psi
(5 MPa)
21
3M ™ Scotch-Weld ™ Structural Paste Adhesives
High strength,
production flexibility, and more
EC-3448 –
compatible
with graphite
composites
Since 3M introduced one-part structural paste adhesives in
the 1950’s and the first tough two-part formulations in the
1960’s, Scotch-Weld Paste Adhesives have been increasingly
at work in a wide range of aerospace applications:
• Primary wing structure.
• Rocket motors.
• Fuselage body seams.
• Aircraft interiors.
• Missile casings.
• Satellite structure.
Bond and seal –
EC-3448 bonds and
seals honeycomb in
a horizontal
stabilizer.
Designed for primary structure composite bonding,
Scotch-Weld EC-3448 adheres to nearly every
graphite composite formulation. For high performance
and reliability in critical structure, EC-3448 provides a
unique combination of features:
• 180°F (82°C) hot/wet durability.
The reason for the ever-growing acceptance is a combination
of features and capabilities that make it easier to put advanced
ideas into practical application.
• 6,000 psi (41.4 MPa) OLS at room
temperature
(a breakthrough rivaling
film adhesive).
For high strength and toughness, paste formulations are
based on the polymer and toughening chemistries of
Scotch-Weld Adhesive Films.
• 63 piw metal-to-metal floating roller peel (another
break-through rivaling films).
With increased use of composites, new paste adhesive
applications have been developed. For example, high compression liquid shim adhesives are used to fill mismatched
areas and prevent pre-stressing of composite panels when
assembled.
After only 60 minutes curing at 250°F (121°C), peel
strength is up to three times greater than previous ScotchWeld 250°F (121°C) curing paste adhesives.
Current paste adhesives line:
With 180°F (82°C) hot/wet durability, pre-cured composite
primary structure can be bonded; for example, composite
wingboxes.
• One-part heat-curing systems.
• Two-part room-temperature-curing systems.
One-Part Heat-Curing Adhesives
With service temperatures up to 350°F (177°C), one-part
systems provide higher temperature resistance than twopart systems. Scotch-Weld adhesives cure in the range of
225°F to 350°F (107°C to 177°C).
Typically, paste adhesives have not been able to equal
the performance of film adhesives. 3M research, however,
has developed a new generation of paste adhesives with
performance close to films.
NOTE: Products on these two pages represent only a
portion of the complete 3M product line. Technical data
sheets are available for all products.
Note: The technical information and data on
these two pages should be considered representative
or typical only and should not be used for
specification purposes.
106
One-Part Heat-Curing Epoxy Adhesives at a Glance
Products
EC-2214R
EC-2214 HT
Service
temperature
250°F
(121°C)
350°F
(177°C)
350°F
(177°C)
OLS psi/MPa
75°F (24°C)
4500/31
2000/13.8
Metal/metal
T-peel 75°F
(24°C)
5 piw
(8.8 N/cm)
Non-sag
Feature
22
Fuselage and
bulkhead bonding –
EC-3448 is used in
fuselage assembly to
bond the aft pressure
bulkhead retainer to
the fuselage.
SW 2214 HTNF EC-2214 HF
EC-3448
SW 7823
180°F
(82°C)
225°F
(107°C)
248°F
(120°C)
3191/22
4000/27.6
6000/41.4
4351/30
2 piw
(3.5 N/cm)
–
10 piw
(17.5 N/cm)
30 piw
(52.5 N/cm)
25.7 piw
(45 N/cm)
Temperature
resistance
Temperature
resistance
High flex
Environ.
aging
Environ.
aging
107
© 1998 Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation
Structural Adhesives
EC-3333 B/A – new generation
with high OLS and peel
3M EC-3333 B/A is the first in a new class of 2-part 3M
paste adhesives combining high OLS and peel strength for
the most demanding performance requirements.
• Tough, impact resistant bond with outstanding
environmental resistance.
108
• Controlled flow for production efficiency.
Two-Part Room-Temperature-Curing
Adhesives
EC-2615 B/A – non-sag viscosity
3M Scotch-Weld two-part paste adhesive systems help
eliminate the time and expense of a heat curing cycle with
ovens, UV lamps, or induction heaters.
Formulations include epoxy and urethane chemistries.
3M EC-2615 B/A, EC-2615LW B/A, and EC-2615XLW
B/A are similar to EC-3333 B/A but with the addition of
non-sag viscosity. The three vary in work life from 20 minutes up to seven hours for extensive assembly operations.
Two-Part Urethane Adhesives
– impact resistant bonds
Two-Part Epoxy Adhesives
EC-2216 B/A – unique 30-40% elongation
With flexibility, and high shear and peel, 3M EC-2216 B/A
is used for a wide variety of applications. For more than 35
years, it has been the industry standard from epoxy adhesives
and is still unique with a 30-40% elongation.
Use 3M EC-3532 B/A, EC-3535 B/A, and EC-3549 B/A
2-part polyurethane adhesives for tough, impact-resistant
bonds. The three vary in work life, cure time, and color.
• Excellent adhesion to many primed or painted
metal and plastic substrates.
• Develops sag resistance within 30 seconds of mixing.
A process of continuous
improvement – 3M epoxies
represent three distinct generations.
Flexing cured specimens demonstrate the evolution from brittle
to the flexible second generation
(EC-2216 B/A), and to the third
generation of toughened products
(EC-3333 B/A and EC-2615 B/A
Series).
Third generation –
toughened
First generation –
brittle
Second generation –
flexible
109
Simultaneously meter, mix and apply – Most 3M two-part adhesives are
available in 3M™ Duo-Pak cartridges for use in convenient 3M™ EPX™
Applicators. Shown here are the 50 ml and 200 ml manual, and 400 ml
pneumatic applicators. Others are available for different production volumes.
110
Two-Part Paste Adhesives at a Glance
Two-Part Epoxy
Two-Part Urethane
Products
EC-2216 B/A
EC-2615
EC-2615 LW
EC-2615 XLW
EC-3333
SW 9323
SW 9323-2
EC 3532 B/A
EC 3535 B/A
EC 3549 B/A
Service temperature
160°F (71°C)
180°F (82°C)
180°F (82°C)
180°F (82°C)
180°F (82°C)
180°F (82°C)
180°F (82°C)
180°F (82°C)
180°F (82°C)
180°F (82°C)
OLS 75°F (24°C)
psi/MPa
3300/23
5500/38
5300/37
6000/41
5500/38
5900/41
4400/30
2800/19
3100/21
2400/17
T-peel 75°F (24°C)
piw/ N/25mm
35/156
70/311
60/267
50/222
50/222
30/133
25/111
20/89
20/89
20/89
Bell peel 75°F (24°C)
piw/ N/25mm
35/156
98/436
95/423
50/222
102/454
50/222
50/222
–
–
–
90
20
60
480
20
150
180
5-15
45-240 secs.
40-70
-Very
flexible
-Non-sag
-Impact resistant
-Flexible
-Non-sag
-Impact resistant
-Flexible
-Non-sag
-Impact resistant
-Flexible
-Extra long
worklife
-Impact
resistant
-Flexible
-Extremely
high peel
-Excellent.
heat
resistance
-Non-sag
-Excellent.
heat
resistance
-Non-sag
-Non-sag
-Tough
-Impact
resistant
-Non-sag
-Tough
-Impact
resistant
-Non-sag
-Tough
-Impact
resistant
Work Life (minutes)
Advantage
23
3M ™ Scotch-Weld ™ Void Fillers/Potting Compounds
Honeycomb close-outs –
To stiffen and improve
compression strength,
two-part room-temperature curing EC-3524
B/A is applied to the
exposed edges of
honeycomb panels in a
bulkhead.
For filling voids and reinforcing honeycomb core, ScotchWeld void fillers/potting compounds provide a pioneering
technology with 3M glass balloons. These microscopic
spheres are mixed with either one or two-part Scotch-Weld
epoxies for a combination of low density and good
compression strength.
Applications include the following:
• Densify core around fasteners.
• Honeycomb closeout section.
• Aerodynamic
smoothing.
111
Landing gear door – EC-3500 B/A is a two-part, heat curing formulation
with compression strength of 8,510 psi (58.7 MPa) for demanding applications.
Service temperature is 350°F (177°C).
112
Note: The technical information and data on
this page should be considered representative or typical only and should not
be used for specification purposes.
The products here represent only a portion of the complete 3M product line.
Technical data sheets are available for all products.
Potting Compounds at a Glance
One-Part Core Potting Compounds
Two-Part Core Potting Compounds
Products
EC-3439
HS
SW 3439
HT AF
EC-3439
HS AF
SW 3439
HS FST
SW 3439
R FST
EC-3439
SW 3500-2
B/A
SW 3500
B/A
SW 3524
B/A FST
SW 3534
B/A
Service
temperature
212°F
(100°C)
43.7 lb/ft3
(0.70 g/cc)
302°F
(150°C)
46.8 lb/ft3
(0.75 g/cc)
347°F
(175°C)
46.8 lb/ft3
(0.75 g/cc)
275°F
(135°C)
43.7 lb/ft3
(0.70 g/cc)
178°F
(80°C)
180°F
(82°C)
180°F
(82°C)
31.2 lb/ft3
(0.5 g/cc)
350°F
(177°C)
42.4 lb/ft3
(0.68 g/cc)
180°F
(82°C)
38.7 lb/ft3
(0.62 g/cc)
350°F
(177°C)
40 lb/ft3
(0.64 g/cc)
31.2 lb/ft3
(0.5 g/cc)
31.2 lb/ft3
(0.5 g/cc)
7614/52.5
8412/58
8412/58
6700/46.2
5221/36
2500/17.2
8510/58.7
7768/50.8
3263/22.5
2900/20
Compression
resistance
Temperature
resistance
Antimony
Trioxide free
Meets
ATS 1000
Meets
ATS 1000
Low
density
Temperature
resistance
Temperature
resistance
Meets
ATS 1000
Quick
cure
Cured
density
Compression
strength
psi/MPa
75°F (24°C)
Feature
24
Protective Products
113
25
3M ™ Polyurethane Protective Tapes
Easy-to-apply protection against abrasion,
impact, corrosion, and UV light.
3M Polyurethane Protective Tapes are a high durability
thermoplastic elastomer coated on one side with pressure
sensitive acrylic adhesive. Application is fast and easy.
Performance history is extensive in military, commercial,
business and civilian aerospace applications for protecting
surfaces from sand, gravel, insects, snow, sleet, rain, UV
light, and other sources of surface damage.
114
Features include the following:
• Abrasion/scratch resistance
for long term protection of
leading edge surfaces.
• Impact resistance to maintain
surface integrity against gravel
and other FOD damage.
• Puncture resistance to provide
a continuous barrier against
liquids that could corrode
surfaces.
• Resistance to most aerospace
fluids.
A thin
lightweight layer
of durable protection for surfaces
exposed to harsh
environments.
3M ™ SJ8665
Protective
Boots
3M pre-formed
protective boots
help protect leading
edge structures
from erosion and
abrasion damage. Protective boots
are used extensively in private,
commercial, and military aircraft
to protect radomes, antennas,
wing and stabilizer tips, landing
gear pods, composite parts, and
other leading edge structures with
complex curvatures.
116
117
3M manufactures pre-formed boots
for most aircraft.
• No VOCs released during application.
• Formable into 3-D shapes.
• Conformable to most curved surfaces.
Radar Warning Receiver Pod
Counter Measures Pod
Weapons Systems Fairing
AMD
115
SUU Weapons Launcher
Drop Tank, Nose Boot
Travel Pod Nose Boot
Engine Inlet Boot
LAU129 Launcher
Weapons Pylon Boot
26
Military aircraft protective boots – 3M polyurethane
boots are authorized for a wide variety of military
aircraft applications.
Protective Products
Leading Edge Protection
3M 8671, 8672 and 8681 polyurethane tapes are designed
to help protect the leading edges of military, commercial
and light aircraft. Applications include wings, rotor blades,
blade antennas, stabilizers, and struts.
Epoxy Substrate,
MIL-P-23377 Primer,
Alumigrip G8003 Paint
500 mph 1"/hr. rainfall
2mm drop size
10 minutes exposure
Protected
Unprotected
119
Rain Erosion Coupons
Aluminum Substrate,
MIL-P-23377,
MIL-C-83286B Paint
500 mph 1"/hr. rainfall
2mm drop size
45 minutes exposure
Protected
Unprotected
120
118
121
123
122
Military aircraft leading edge protection –
Polyurethane tape 8681 is authorized to protect a
wide range of high performance military aircraft
leading edge structures.
Military aircraft horizontal stabilizer application.
27
3M ™ Polyurethane Tapes for Fluid
Barriers and Corrosion Resistance
3M 8663 polyurethane tapes over aircraft floor panels
establishes a durable puncture resistant barrier that helps
prevent water, soda pop, coffee, urine and other liquids
from penetrating the floor and becoming a possible source
of corrosion.
Problem –
Floor beam corrosion
caused by fluid
penetration.
Solution–
With pressure sensitive
adhesive, 3M 8663
tape application is fast
and easy on the floor
of entry areas, galleys,
and lavoratories.
125
124
Note: The technical information and data on this
page should be considered representative or typical
only and should not be used for specification
purposes.
Polyurethane Protective Tapes at a Glance
Product/
color
Tape
Structure
(Backing/
Adhesive)
Total
Thickness
mils (mm)
Adhesion
to Aluminum
oz./in.
(N/100 mm)
Tensile
Strength
lbs./in.
(N/100 mm)
Weight
Without
Liner
(ozs./sq. ft.)
8641
Gray*
Polyurethane/Acrylic Foam
41.0 (.80)
74 (82)
93 (1629)
3.42
8663
Transparent
Polyurethane/Acrylic Foam
18.0 (.35)
83 (92)
117 (2049)
1.73
8671
Transparent
Polyurethane/Acrylic Foam
14.0 (.35)
68 (76)
80 (1400)
1.44
8671HS
Transparent
Polyurethane/Acrylic Foam
14.0 (.35)
68 (76)
80 (1400)
1.44
8672
Transparent
Polyurethane/Acrylic Foam
8.0 (.25)
66 (59)
40 (700)
0.83
8681HS
Transparent**
Polyurethane/Acrylic Foam
14.0 (.35)
68 (76)
87 (1524)
1.44
* Tape 8641 is available in Gray, Gray - 36173, Gray - 36118, Black , White.
** Tape 8681HS is available in Matte Transparent, Gray - 36118, Gray - 36320, Gray - 36173, Gray - 36270.
28
126
Easy visual inspection – With the transparency
of 3M 8663 tape, the floor can be viewed without
removing the tape.
Protective Products
127
Impact Protection
3M 8641 polyurethane tape is an exceptionally tough
construction to help protect the fuselage, antennas, wing
flaps, landing gear doors, and other structures from gravel,
dirt, and rock (FOD) damage. One example is aircraft
operating on unimproved runways.
0.016'' UV Stable Polyurethane
0.025'' Acrylic
Foam Adhesive
8641 for impact resistance.
Skip Slit
Polyurethane Liner
0.020'' Holes, 1/4'' Spacing
128
Aircraft Paint Replacement and Drag Reduction (Appliqué Technology)
Building on over
30 years of expeDrag Reduction Surface
rience flying high
Markable Surface
performance films
POLYMER FILM .002'' ± .001''
and adhesive
PRESSURE SENSITIVE ADHESIVE .0015''
systems on aircraft
PRIMER .001''
surfaces, 3M is
developing a family
SUBSTRATE STRUCTURE
of products
designed to replace aircraft top-coat paints and reduce
aerodynamic drag. The use of pressure sensitive film
technology to replace or enhance aircraft topcoat systems has come to be known as Aircraft Applique
Technology …a 3M innovation.
What is an appliqué?
As of 1999, 3M is
flight testing film
and adhesive systems designed to
replace military,
commercial, and
private aircraft
topcoat paint systems. In addition,
flight evaluations
of drag reduction films are nearing completion. Look
for these innovative 3M products in the very near
future.
129
29
3M ™ Noise and Vibration Control Systems
Flexible solutions with total service.
While the characteristics of noise and vibration are fixed
by the laws of physics, noise and vibration control problems
vary widely with the specific application. For that reason,
3M offers a family of products to meet a wide range of
aerospace noise and vibration damping needs.
In-depth design and
testing capabilities.
130
131
3M ™ 434, 435, 436
Vibration Damping Tapes
These 3M pressure sensitive tapes are a constrained layer
construction designed to control structure born vibration in
fuselage panels and support members.
• Low temperature damping.
• Excellent moisture resistance.
• Fatigue resistance for long term performance.
• Pressure sensitive adhesive to facilitate production.
132
Damping Tapes at a Glance
Product
Tape
Structure
(Backing/
Adhesive)
Backing
Thickness
mils (mm)
Total
Thickness
mils (mm)
Adhesion
to Steel
oz./in.
(N/100 mm)
Tensile
Strength
lbs./in.
(N/100 mm)
Elongation
at Break
%
Temperature
Range
°F (°C)
ASTM Test Method:
D-3652
D-3652
D-3330
D-3759
D-3759
434
Polyurethane/Acrylic
5.5 (0.14)
7.5 (0.19)
65 (72)
53 (928)
12
-76 to 68°F (-60 to 20°C)
435
Polyurethane/Acrylic
8.0 (0.20)
13.5 (0.34)
65 (72)
84 (1470)
12
-76 to 68°F (-60 to 20°C)
436
Polyurethane/Acrylic
12.0 (.31)
17.5 (0.45)
65 (72)
126 (2205)
12
-76 to 68°F (-60 to 20°C)
30
133
Technological
experience – 3M
viscoelastic polymers
have been used for
more than 15 years on
commercial
aircraft fuselage skins
to reduce unwanted
noise and damaging
vibration.
Protective Products
3M ™ Viscoelastic Polymer Systems
3M™ SJ-2016, Type 1210 viscoelastic polymer is designed
to damp resonant vibration and reduce noise in interior
compartments where flame retardation is required. When
tested as a sandwich between HT70 Divinylcell foam panels,
SJ-2016 meets the Airworthiness Standards: Transport
Category Planes FAR 25.853 vertical flame test for
compartment interiors.
134
3M™ SJ-2052 and SJ-2053 combine viscoelastic polymer
with aluminum foil backing. The construction is a constrained
layer damper designed to control structure born vibration in
the fuselage. The difference between SJ-2052 and SJ-2053 is
the polymer. SJ-2053 uses a polymer with a lower temperature range for peak damping (see chart below). Both can be
applied to a variety of substrates without
additional bonding mediums.
3M™ SJ-2040 Layered
Viscoelastic Damping
Polymer is a high energy
dissipative construction of
two polymer layers with
an interleaf of 1.4 mils
(.036 mm) polyester film.
The layered construction
controls resonance
induced vibration when
combined with a metal
constraining layer. The
interleaf film increases
dimensional stability
during application.
3M ™4014 Damping
Aluminum Foam Sheets
Damping foam sheets are open cell polyurethane with an
aluminum constraining layer designed to damp resonant
vibration in thin fuselage metal.
135
• Pressure sensitive adhesive on one side for easy
application with only hand pressure.
• Meets Federal Air Regulation
Flammability Specifications for acoustic insulation
materials (FAR Section 25.853, Paragraph B).
• Excellent damping/installed cost ratio.
136
3M SJ-2040 dimensional stability –
Polyester interleaf between polymer layers
increases dimensional stability for easier
handling during application to fuselage
ribs and stringers.
4014 Typical Physical Properties
Caliper
0.25 in (6.35 mm)
Weight
0.27 lbs./ft.2 (1.32 kg/m2)
Thermal Conductivity
0.48 BTU•in./hr./ft.2/F (0.69 Watts/m•°C)
Moisture Resistance
Less than 0.2% weight gain (when conditioned at
150°F/67°C and 100% RH for one week.
Three liners are available:
single, double for diecutting, and extended for
convenient liner
removal.
Polymer Systems at a Glance
Product
Aluminum
Backing
Thickness
Viscoelastic
Thickness
Temperature Range
(100Hz)
Damps best at:
Usable from:
Liner
SJ2016 Type 1210
—
10 Mils (0.254 mm)
0° to 60°C (32° to 140°F)
-32° to 80°C (-25° to 175°F)
Easy release paper
SJ2040
—
10 Mils (0.254 mm)
each layer
-40° to 20°C (-40° to 68°F)
-46° to 38°C (-50° to 100°F)
White polyethylene
SJ2052
10 Mils (0.254 mm)
5 Mils (0.127 mm)
0° to 60°C (32° to 140°F)
-32° to 80°C (-25° to 175°F)
Blue polyethylene
SJ2053
10 Mils (0.254 mm)
5 Mils (0.127 mm)
-40° to 20°C (-40° to 68°F)
-46° to 38°C (-50° to 100°F)
Blue polyethylene
Note: The technical
information and data
on these two pages
should be considered
representative or
typical only and
should not be used for
specification purposes.
31
International Locations
AUSTRALIA
3M Australia Pty., Ltd.
Pymble
Phone 9- 498-9333
GERMANY
AUSTRIA
3M Oesterreich Ges m.b.H.
Perchtoldsdorf
Phone 43-1-86 686-0
BELGIUM
3M Belgium N.V./S.A.
Diegem
Phone 722-5111
KOREA
3M Korea Ltd.
Seoul
Phone 2-3771-4114
138
3M Deutschland GmbH
Neuss, Germany
Phone 2131-140
SINGAPORE
3M Singapore Pte. Ltd.
Singapore
Phone 454-8611
INDIA
Birla 3M Limited
Bangalore
Phone 5588881
BRAZIL
3M DO Brazil Ltda
Sao Paulo
Phone 55-19-864.7000
SPAIN
3M Espana, S.A.
Madrid
Phone 43-1-321-60-00
INDONESIA
P.T. 3M Indonesia
Jakarta
Phone 883-46059, 883-46060
CANADA
3M Canada Company
London, Ontario
Phone 519/451-2500
NETHERLANDS
3M Nederland B.V.
Leiden
Phone 5-450-450
SWEDEN
3M Svenska AB
Sollentuna
Phone 08-92-2100
ITALY
FRANCE
SWITZERLAND
3M (Schweiz) AG
Rueschlikon
Phone (1) 724-90-90
3M Italia SPA
Milano
Phone 02-70351
USA
Aerospace Central
Springfield, Missouri
Phone 800-235-AERO
JAPAN
UNITED KINGDOM
139
137
3M France
Cergy Pontoise Cedex
Phone 33 1 30 31 61 61
EUROPEAN LABORATORIES
3M Rueil Malmaison
Phone 33 1 47 32 89 89
140
Sumitomo 3M Limited
Tokyo
Phone (03) 3709-8111
141
3M United Kingdom PLC
Bracknell, Berkshire
England
Phone 01344-858000
www.3M.com
Important Notice: 3M MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY
OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. User is responsible for determining whether the 3M product is fit for a
particular purpose and suitable for user's method of application. Please remember that many factors can affect the use and performance of a 3M Adhesives
Division product in a particular application. The materials to be bonded with the product, the surface preparation of those materials, the product selected
for use, the conditions in which the product is used, and the time and environmental conditions in which the product is expected to perform are among the
many factors that can affect the use and performance of a 3M product. Given the variety of factors that can affect the use and performance of a 3M product,
some of which are uniquely within the user's knowledge and control, it is essential that the user evaluate the 3M product to determine whether it is fit for
a particular purpose and suitable for the user's method of application.
Important Notice for 3M Polyurethane Protective Tapes: Due to the potential safety hazard which could result from tape delamination in flight, these
products are not recommended for use by general aviation on rotating leading edges such as helicopter rotor blades or aircraft propellers unless specifically
authorized by and used in accordance with an OEM specification, OEM service literature, or military tech order. It is the position of 3M that OEM manufacturers and/or the military must satisfy themselves that this product and their specification and application procedures are adequate for their specific
blade application. Such use or specification of these products by an OEM manufacturer or the military is undertaken at their sole risk and liability.
Adhesives Division
3M Center, Building 220-8E-05
St. Paul, MN 55144-1000
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© 3M 1999 78-6900-3015-6