Satellite Radio: Its Global Impact, the lecture

Satellite Radio:
Its Global Impact
TIFR Alumni Lecture
By
S.Rangarajan
A wonder called RADIO
We will stick to the definition of Radio as
• Wireless Audio Delivery
•Listener cannot by himself choose the contents
“No wonder so many physicists started as radio tinkers,
and no wonder,
before physicist became a commonplace word,
so many grew up thinking they might become electrical engineers”
-Gleick in the biography on Richard Feynmann
1
History of Radio Technology
1888: Hertz produces EM waves
1895: Marconi transmits EM Waves
1897: Ship-to-Shore Wireless
Communication
1903: First transatlantic message
1922: First Broadcast Station
1950: First FM Broadcast
1999: First Satellite Radio Broadcast
2
Science of Radio
“One ought to be ashamed
to make use of the wonders
of science embodied in a radio set,
while appreciating them
as little as a cow appreciates
the botanic marvels in the
plants she munches.”
- Albert Einstein (Aug 1930)
3
Satellite Orbits decided by Applications
Types: LEO,GEO,HEO…..
In a geostationary orbit the satellite is
in the same direction in the sky all the
time
Such orbits ideal for Broadcasting
Picks up signals from a fixed station
and relays instantaneously to huge
areas
4
Geo-stationary Orbit
GEO an Equatorial
Orbit, hence no
coverage for polar
regions
Application Categories:
FSS, MSS, BSS, DAB…
5
Link Design Considerations
A*B/C > Threshold,
Where A is the satellite transmit characteristics, determined
by state-of art satellite power, coverage area;
B is Receive characteristics, determined by size and cost of the
receive system;
C is propagation characteristics.
Majority GEO satellites (C & Ku) choose B values
corresponding to DTH (1 foot antennas) or higher
DAB satellites address Direct-to-Person and hence have B
values 100 times lower. Hence, link margin requires A to be
100 times more.
Also, DAB satellites incorporate several digital processing
techniques
6
DAB Satellites
Spectrum
L-band
S-band
Audio Compression
MPEG
AAC+
RF Design
Propagation Models
TDM, MCM, OFDM
Examples
WorldSpace
XM
Sirius
MBSAT
7
Satellite Radio: A Confluence of Technologies
Video
Live Delivery
Ra
di
o
Di
git
al
Virtual
Classroom
Audio
Targets Select
Audiences
Scalable
e
t
i
l
l
e
t
a
S
In
ter
ne
t
Digital
Library
Multiple User
Terminals
8
Basic System Architecture
Geo-Stationary
High-powered Satellites
• Processed and Transparent
Payloads
• Solar-Powered
Broadcasters
• Common Hub
• Individual VSAT-like
Ground Control
Facilities
• Telemetry, Command,
and Ranging Stations
• Mission Control
New Digital Portable
Receivers
• Direct Reception
through Small
Detachable
Antenna
• Digital Quality
• Proprietary Chipset
with MPEG-2, Layer 3
Encoding
• Multimedia Capability
Provides a complete end-to-end network
9
Terrestrial MCM Single Frequency Network
LOS to Satellite
elv
2
elv
Coverage
Center
elv
Repeater Coverage Region
3
D All SFN Stations Are Equipped With
A TDM/MCM Transcoder
1
D Radiated MCM Signals Synchronized
Relative To Center of Coverage
10
Growth of Satellite Radio in the US
In the US there are two systems providing DAB: XM and
Sirius
Both use S-band and both have terrestrial augmentation
XM has 3 GEO satellites; Sirius uses 3 HEO (Tundra orbit)
satellites
XM started Sep 2001 and has >5 million subscribers
Sirius started July 2002 and has > 2 million subscribers
Both provide >100 radio channels, unique formats,
commercial-free, local traffic information etc
OEM partnerships with automobile industry
11
WorldSpace Coverage
In Service
In Service
12
Revival of the Radio
For those on the Move (land/sea/air)
For those occupied otherwise
For the illiterate
For kids
For Teaching
……
13
Audio: How it can be used
Satellite
Audio Uplink to Satellite
Uplink
Station
Transmission to Audio
Receivers
Live/Recorded
Emergency
Preparedness
Content :
– Locally & regionally relevant
– Culturally appropriate
– Practical & solution-oriented
– Balanced & accurate/non-political
Individual
Village
Classroom
14
Technology to aid Education
15
Teaching with Audio
More human and personal than Print or web
Extempore Delivery and the novelty that
goes with it
Intonation,Phrasing & Pacing that are not
easily brought out in print or on the web
The Synchronous Data Channel adds a new
Dimension to the delivery
16
Integration with existing
systems:
•Pilot Experiment in west coast of India, 2000-01
•80 boats fitted with WorldSpace reception
- Encased in water proof enclosure
- Powered from the boat
- Additional 8W amplifier
- Pretuned to the assigned channel
•Warning messages in MP3 format via Internet to the uplink site
•Boats into the sea up to 200 miles
•Valuable experience gained in designing the full system
Cyclone Warning System
for Fisherman out at Sea
•Pilot Experiment in west coast of India, 2000-01
•80 boats fitted with WorldSpace reception
- Encased in water proof enclosure
- Powered from the boat
- Additional 8W amplifier
- Pretuned to the assigned channel
•Warning messages in MP3 format via Internet to the uplink site
•Boats into the sea up to 200 miles
•Valuable experience gained in designing the full system
WorldSpace Reception on a
Fishing Boat
•Pilot Experiment in west coast of India, 2000-01
•80 boats fitted with WorldSpace reception
- Encased in water proof enclosure
- Powered from the boat
- Additional 8W amplifier
- Pretuned to the assigned channel
•Warning messages in MP3 format via Internet to the uplink site
•Boats into the sea up to 200 miles
•Valuable experience gained in designing the full system
Audio Broadcasting for Emergency Relief
Indonesia
Disaster Relief
Equal Access
Afghanistan & Nepal
Distance Learning and
Radio Dramas
India
Reconstruction
and Relief
20
Data Services
How the availability of the DAB system can be flexibly exploited
21
Power of Information & Communication Technologies
Information
Communications
Technologies
From Immediate Disaster
Relief to Long-term
Development
“With most information technology innovations,
we have constantly overestimated the speed with which they will unfold
and underestimated their eventual impact.”
-Bill Gates
22
Information Vs. Communication Divide
Bridging the Information Divide (One to Many,
Commonality of Information requirements
Content has to be based on local needs
Need for low cost connectivity solutions
public)
Bridging the Communication Divide (One to One, private)
Needs local-loop connectivity (Fiber, cable, WLL…)
Economics strongly varies from place to place
Two-way communication not a precondition for
narrowing the digital divide
Selective and secure Information delivery is a
major catalyst for development
23
Multimedia: How it can be used
•Internet-type downloads without an Internet connection
Multimedia adapter
converts receiver to modem
for download of data from
satellite to computer
Uplink Station
Internet
Receiver
+ MMS Adaptor + computer
24
Using Data Broadcast by Satellite to
transfer web pages
Local Area
Network
Dial-up Equipment
Cache
Proxy Server
Collection of
Telephone Network
relatively stable
Using satellite radio
web pages on DVD
One can do away with the last-mile problem
And scale the solution
25
CLASS: Combined Live Audio & Slide Show
What
is ...???
Teacher
Questions via Internet, phone, pager
Classroom
26
Several Applications….
Virtual Classroom(all levels)
“Best” teacher to reach all
Teacher Training (pre or in service)
Supplementary school material
Professional Needs (e.g. health
workers)
Radio for Infotainment
Community Information Kiosk
27
Digital Data Signage
POS advertising, Product/brand promotions
Retail industry
“While-you-wait” messaging
Hospitality industry
Lounges in bars, restaurants, casinos, hotels and resorts
Personal service industry
Waiting areas in banking, laundry, grooming and health
care (doctors, dentists, hospitals)
Public spaces
Airports, bus/train stations, malls, movie theaters,
museums and convention centers, pedestrian and
highway billboards
Esoteric - Elevators and buses, trucks, and taxis
28
Mobile Broadcast: Satellite
Weather Information System
Applications Overview
WorldSpace
Satellite
Incoming data files from
Jeppesen
64 kbps
e
Real-tim
graphic
in
display
cockpit
Internet
PFLS
SWIS Server
29
Health Information Delivery
Doctors - Better service, easier/convenient access to latest
information
Institutes - Better service, training for medical staff, easier
access to latest information
Students - Data on specific topics, easier access
Pharmaceuticals - delivery of information including pricing
and new product updates
Cost effective, efficient way accessing focused
medical and health information
30
Multimedia Delivery
Also on the service:
First Voice Multi-Media
Service in Africa and Asia
•Emergency Meteorological
Information
•Governance
•Health
•Teacher training resources
•Agriculture
Community workers
in 34 centers in rural
Eastern Africa
receiving NRM data
Meteorologists and rural extension workers in
Africa and Asia/Pacific Island Nations receive
hourly updates of climate information
31
RANET Initiative:
Radio and Internet for the
Communication of Hydro-Meteorological
and Related Information
Critical and timely
information on:
Disaster Relief
Meteorology
Via Multi-Media Service to
many nations across Africa
and Asia/the Pacific
32
Coexistence of different Radio Systems
AM/FM: Primary Formats; Inexpensive radios
Satellite Channels: Specialized Formats; Diversity in sparselypopulated areas; Possible multi-media delivery where Internet
is poor
Internet Channels: Allows to engage more deeply and more
directly
Podcasting: Allows special contents shared among closed user
groups
Even though satellite radio was designed to meet the needs of the affluent
mobile customer of uninterrupted, high-quality reception of a variety of
formats, the design allows to adapt the same for community needs and
one-way delivery of digital contents to multiple destinations selectively,
securely and reliably.
33