Presentation - World Conference on Drowning Prevention

EVALUATION OF LIFE
JACKET USING IN
CHILDREN INVIETNAM
Tran Thi Ngoc Lan1, Luu Van Chuc2,
Luong Mai Anh1, Khieu Thi Quynh Trang1
(1)Health Environment Management Agency, Ministry of Health of Vietnam
(2)National Institute of Labour Protection
Content
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Rationale of study
Objectives
Method
Content
Results
Recommendations
1
Rationale of the study
Injury by cause of death in those from 0-19 of age
Rationale of the study (cont.)


World Health Organization: an appropriate usage of
life jacket is an effective method to contribute to the
reduction of drowning mortality.
Viet Nam has not ratified a specific regulation on life
jacket wearing when participating in watery traffic
2
Objectives


Overall objective: to assess the quality and utilization
of life jacket as well as to recommend some
interventions to increase the rate of life jacket wearing
and to minimize drowning in Viet Nam
Specific objectives
 Understanding the brand and quality of existing life
jackets and providing recommendations on usage.
 Examining the situation of utilization and
knowledge on advantages of life jacket
 Recommending some measures to foster life jacket
using to contribute to control drowning in children.
Method
Objective 1:
 Study subjects: life jacket
 Site: Ha Noi
 Observation of existing life jacket at study sites
 Testing the quality (using some criteria) of life jacket at study sites
Assessment standard: TCVN 7282:2003
Assessment criteria:
 General criteria: sewing line, size, weight and other accessories
 Strength: mechanics strength, ability against fading...
 Floating
 Mechanics endurance of shoulder and body of life jacket
 Level of convenience when using life jacket
 Strength when testing the falling and floating
3
Method
Table 1: Description of a life jacket meeting the standard
No
Testing criteria
Needed result
Testing condition
1.
Strength of the body of No damage
life jacket
- Soaking in the water 2 mins
- Loading 500N /30 mins
2.
Strength
of
the No damage
shoulder of life jacket
Soaking in the water 2 mins
- Loading 400N /30 mins
3.
Floating
Floating error  5%
Before and after soaking in
fresh water within 24 hours
4.
Wearing life jacket
Wearing time 1 min
- Wearing without assisstance
5.
Strength when testing - The life jacket is not
the falling and floating damaged or causes any hurt for
the user
- Slope between the body and
vertical direction  300
- The distance from the water
surface to mouth  80mm
-Jumper has to strongly hold
the life jacket
- Jumping from height of 3.5
m to the water
Method
Objective 2:
 Study subjects: high school students
 Site: Dong Thap
 Retrospective study
 Social study: interview and focused group discussion
Sample size: Z2 (1-/2). p.q
n = -------------------- = 384
d2
( assumption of p=0.5 having adequate knowledge on
drowning, Z=1.96, d=0.05)
Study time: 2006

4
Content




Examining the existing life jackets in Hanoi to
capture their brand and quality.
Evaluating the quality of some selected life jackets
(using table 1 above).
Developing appropriate questionnaires to interview
high school students, parents and teachers in Dong
Thap on life jacket usage and impact of it
Recommending some measurements on increasing
the rate of using life jacket.
Results
1. Existing life jackets in Hanoi
Table 1: Kinds of life jacket
No
Life
jacket
Description
Origin
1
X 26
- Front: 1 piece made from sponge plastic.
- Back: 2 pieces made from 02 sponge plastic layers. Covered by a
thick nylon layer. 3 hoops with 2 big padlocks. Reflection light in
front and back.
- Horn
- Colour: Orange
- Many sizes
- Price VND 110,000- 165,000
2.
Hoa
sua
- Front and back: 1 piece made from 6 sponge plastic layers, Covered Hoa Sua
by nylon, 2 hoops with 2 big padlocks.
Compan
- Colour: Orange
y
- Many sizes
- Price VND 80,000-120,000
3.
Thang
loi
- Front and back: 1 piece made from 4 sponge plastic layers, Covered
by nylon, 3 hoops with 3 small padlocks.
- Many sizes
- Colour: green and pink
- Price VND 70,000-80,000
Certificate
of quality
Compan TCVN 7282y X 26 2003
(Ministr
y
of
Defense
)
Thang
Loi
Compan
y
TC:
012000/CSTL
5
Results
1. Existing life jackets in Hanoi
No
Life
jacket
Description
Origin
4.
Thai Son
Front and back: 1 piece made from 4 sponge plastic Thai Son layers, Covered by nylon, 3 hoops with 3 small padlocks. Company
- Many sizes
- Colour: Orange
- Price VND 70,000-80,000
5.
Domestic
life jacket
without
label
- Front and back: many pieces made from 3 sponge None
plastic layers, Collar, reflection light, horn.
- Colour: Orange inside and green outside
- Price VND 60,000-70,000
-
6.
Others
- Made from sponge plastic like other life jacket.
-Price VND 55,000-60,000.
-
Hong
Hanh
company
Certificate
of quality
Results
2.Evaluating the quality of some selected life jackets
No
Type of
jacket
Measuring and testing result
Strength of the
body of life
jacket
Strength of the
shoulder of life
jacket
Strength
when
floating
The
distance
from the
water
surface to
mouth
General
assessment
Slope
between the
body and
vertical
direction
1.
Thang loi
No damage
(without
breaking band
and sewing
line...)
Sewing line was
broken after 10
mins of being
loaded
Band was broken
No damage
110mm
550
Not
meeting the
standard
2.
Thai Son
No damage
(without
breaking band
and sewing
line...)
Sewing line was
broken
No damage
80mm
600
Not
meeting the
standard
3.
Unknown
origin
Ban and sewing
line were
broken
Band was broken
-
-
-
Not
meeting the
standard
6
Results
No
Type of
jacket
Measuring and testing result
Strength of the
body
of
life
jacket
Strength of the
shoulder of life
jacket
Strength
when
floating
General
assessment
The
distance
from the
water
surface to
mouth
Slope
between
the body
and
vertical
direction
4.
Hoa Sua
No damage
(without
breaking band
and sewing
line...)
No damage
(without
breaking band
and sewing
line...)
No
damage
90mm
550
Meet the
standard
5.
X 26
No damage
(without
breaking band
and sewing
line...)
No damage
(without
breaking band
and sewing
line...)
No
damage
80mm
550
Meet the
standard
6.
TCVN
7282:2003
No damage after
a load of 500N
/30 mins
No damage after
a load of 400N
/30 mins
The life
jacket is not
damaged or
causes any
hurt for the
user
 80mm
 300
Testing the strength
of the shoulder of life jacket
Testing the strength
of the body of life jacket
7
Measuring the slope between
the body and vertical direction,
and the distance from the water surface to mouth
Test of falling
Results


3 types of life jacket do not meet standard of quality.
Only X 26 and Hoa Sua achieve the standard. However, X 26 is
costly (more expensive than Hoa Sua with 30,000-40,000 VND).
Breaking the band
when testing
Hoa Sua
X 26
8
Study results
3. KAP on drowning and life jacket wearing in high school students in Dong Thap
41.9
45
35.5
40
35
30
22.6
25
16.1
20
15
10
5
0
without life jacket
Old/damaged boat
Too many
passengers on boat
Others
Reasons of drowning in high school students
Students do not wear life jackets as they believe that they have adequate ability of swimming
Results
3. KAP on drowning and life jacket
wearing in high school students in
Dong Thap (cont.)
 91.48% can swim
 18.9 % of students go to school by
boat
 93.7% with positive awareness on
life jacket usage.
 Only 15.93% of them utilize life
jacket which was subsidized.
 46.15% of children do not wear life
jacket regularly.
 X-26 and Hoa Sua are preferable for
utilization with 88.5%.
Students go to school by boat
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Recommendations
1.
2.
3.
4.
Elimination of risk factors of drowning
(construction of bridge; replacement of bamboo
bridges with cement ones; management of ships and
boats or rejection of old ships;
Development of compulsory regulations on
providing adequate quantity of life jackets on boat
Enhancement of life jacket usage through increase
of awareness on life jacket using, free provision of
life jacket and decrease of life jacket price;
Further studies on reasons of not wearing life jacket
among children and young people
Thank you for your attention
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