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THE JACOB K. JAVITS CONVENTION CENTER RENOVATION
THE JACOB K. JAVITS CONVENTION CENTER RENOVATION JACOB K. JAVITS CONVENTION CENTER RENOVATION ID#130600 THE JAVITS CENTER Located on Manhattan’s far west side within the recently rezoned Hudson Yards district, the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center was once considered a cutting-edge design that had stretched a number of technologies to the limit, including a massive space-frame structure with a vast system of curtain-wall and skylights. Since its opening in 1986, the 1.37 million-square-foot Javits Center has made key contributions to the City and State economies, stimulating direct and indirect employment, economic activity and tax revenues, and strongly supporting the City’s hotel, restaurant, tourism, and entertainment industries. Designed in 1979 by I.M. Pei and Partners, the iconic building’s original design manifests many of the problems characteristic of Modernist mega-structures, particularly with respect to sustainability-related issues such as energy efficiency, indoor environmental quality, pedestrian-friendly urban planning, and landscaping. JACOB K. JAVITS CONVENTION CENTER RENOVATION 840,000 SQUARE FEET OF EXHIBITION SPACE 3 MILLION ANNUAL VISITORS 35,000 COMPANIES EXHIBITED 102 MEETING ROOMS 14,000 JOBS SUPPORTED 3,300 JAVITS CENTER EMPLOYEES $1.5 BILLION ANNUAL ECONOMIC ACTIVITY GENERATED ID#130600 ENGAGEMENT PROCESS + INTEGRATIVE DESIGN THE DESIGN TEAM WAS CHARGED WITH BRINGING THE JAVITS CENTER BACK TO LIFE Design Development Strategies Retrofitting and greening existing public mega-structures such as this must be approached with a strategic and rigorous methodology that addresses the multiple complexities inherent in this building type. The scale of such projects implies that any gesture undertaken has an equally substantial environmental and quality-of-life impact. Existing: The project required a highly-integrated process between local and state government, operations personnel, construction management, and a multitude of consultants and specialists. A separate office was established so major consultant personnel worked side-by-side PROJECT PROJECT GOALS GOALS ensuring the integration of all systems and programmatic objectives. Extensive studies were made to evaluate existing conditions, userDEFERRED and MAINTENANCE employee • ADDRESS • ADDRESS DEFERRED MAINTENANCE • IMPROVE • IMPROVE BUILDING BUILDING ENERGY ENERGY EFFICIENCY EFFICIENCY TO TO experiences, the surrounding urban conditions, and energy conservation Circulation strategies: Improve connections between the Crystal Palace, Galleria and River Pavilion MEET MEET LEED LEED SILVER SILVER STANDARDS STANDARDS OF E.O.111 OF E.O.111 AND AND options. e 9A Rout e 9A Rout LL86 LL86 • REVITALIZE • REVITALIZE THE CENTER THE CENTER AND TRANSFORM AND TRANSFORM Given that the major users of the facility are outside contractors, THE USER THE USER EXPERIENCE. EXPERIENCE. end-user education has been an ongoing challenge. The regular full- 39 th 38 th 37 th 37 th t ee Str t ee Str t ee Str ue en Av t ee Str th 11 th 35 th 35 ENHANCE ENHANCE PEDESTRIAN PEDESTRIAN EXPERIENCE EXPERIENCE What was once a neighborhood of disparate low-density uses is now the • INTRODUCE • INTRODUCE LANDSCAPING LANDSCAPING AND ENHANCE AND ENHANCE THECenter URBAN THE URBAN SPACES SPACES WHILEWHILE MAINTAINING MAINTAINING fastest growing area of Manhattan. The has been transformed VEHICULAR VEHICULAR ACCESS ACCESS into a beautiful and integral part of that growth, offering many services ue en Av LEGEND MTA Bus Line MTA Bus Line Hotel Bus Line Hotel Bus Line POV POV Pedestrian Access Pedestrian Access Perimeter Boundary Perimeter Boundary as a public place within the core of the community. ENCLOSURE ENCLOSURE STRATEGIES STRATEGIES • IMPROVE • IMPROVE THERMAL THERMAL PERFORMANCE PERFORMANCE WITH WITH INCREASED INCREASED FACADE FACADE TRANSPARENCY TRANSPARENCY • BETTER • BETTER DEFINE DEFINE THE ENTRY THE ENTRY SECUENCES SECUENCES • CREATE • CREATE NEW IMAGE NEW IMAGE FOR THE FORCONVENTION THE CONVENTIONSite Strategies: Increase edge permeability and enhance pedestrian experience CENTER’S CENTER’S 5TH ELEVATION 5TH ELEVATION • EXTEND • EXTEND LIFE OF LIFE WATERPROOF OF WATERPROOF MEMBRANE MEMBRANE • ALLOW • ALLOW MAINTENANCE MAINTENANCE ACCESS ACCESS AT ALL AT ALL CRITICAL CRITICAL AREAS AREAS INTERIOR INTERIOR STRATEGIES STRATEGIES • INCREASE • INCREASE DAYLIGHTING DAYLIGHTING AND IMPROVE AND IMPROVE CON- CONNECTIONS NECTIONS BETWEEN BETWEEN CRYSTAL CRYSTAL PALACE PALACE LEVELS LEVELS • IMPROVE • IMPROVE VISITOR VISITOR SERVICES SERVICES AND KIOSK AND KIOSK ORGANIZATION ORGANIZATION • IMPROVE • IMPROVE CONNECTION CONNECTION FROMFROM CRYSTAL CRYSTAL PAL- PALACE TO ACE GALLERIA TO GALLERIA AND RIVER AND RIVER PAVILLION PAVILLION Interior Strategies: Increase daylighting and improve connections between Crystal Palace levels Conceptual sketch Jacob K. Jacob Javits K. Convention Javits Convention CenterCenter Renovation Renovation & Expansion & Expansion Convention Convention CenterCenter Development Development Corporation Corporation ©2008 Javits ©2008 II Architecture, Javits II Architecture, LLC | All Rights LLC Reserved | All Rights Reserved JACOB K. JAVITS CONVENTION CENTER RENOVATION Str ee t Str ee t LEGEND th 11 th Str ee t th 36 th 36 time staff of over 2,000 has had extensive training in energy efficient SITE SITE STRATEGIES STRATEGIES operations and sustainable maintenance. Since the renovation, the • INCREASE EDGE EDGE PERMEABILITY PERMEABILITY AND AND building operation has adopted a culture of• INCREASE environmentalism. Str ee t 39 Str ee t 38 th Str ee t PROJECT PROJECT GOALS GOALS ID#130600 ENGAGEMENT PROCESS + INTEGRATIVE DESIGN DESIGN DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH + COORDINATION Crystal Hall Vertical Temperature Profile- Cooling (Proposed Layout) psf > 20.00 20.00 18.75 17.50 16.25 15.00 13.75 12.50 11.25 10.00 on lati mu ccu rk Yo wA ew ,N Sno ork of wY Ne ple 4 rnte am 196 Exnuary ntion Ce Ja 8.75 C its Jav 7.50 e onv 6.25 5.00 3.75 2.50 < 1.25 Javits Center snow accumulation Crystal Palace – Deflection Contour Map Page - 17 - ps f 17 Three Dimensional View 0 5 5.0 6.2 7.5 0 0 <1 5 2.5 3.7 L TB y: nb raw h D ort le: ed: Sca evis te R Da 83A -10 . 08 No eN Tru Job 0 0.0 >2 0 20.0 5 18.7 0 17.5 5 16.2 0 15.0 5 13.7 0 12.5 5 11.2 0 10.0 5 8.7 Crystal Palace vertical cooling profile Javits II Space Frame JCC Renovation Space Frame Assessment Study Report .25 True North Drawn by: January 1964 Javits Convention Center - New York, New York TBL Figure: Scale: 5 .S. N.T 8 0 , 20 y1 Ma : ure Fig Example of Snow Accumulation Job No. 08-1083A Date Revised: 5 N.T.S. May 1, 2008 Note: All deflections provided in inches. Historical research: structure installation Crystal Palace deflection contour map Javits Center wind tunnel study Crystal Palace daylight analysis Figure 8. Erection of space frame components on-site. JACOB K. JAVITS CONVENTION CENTER RENOVATION Crystal Palace facade ID#130600 REGIONAL RESILIENCE + COMMUNITY DESIGN THE JAVITS CENTER IS A HUB FOR SOCIAL AND CULTURAL ACTIVITIES OF ALL STRIPES The Javits Center opened in 1986. Intended to catalyze the development of Midtown Manhattan’s West Side, the Center remained isolated from the core of the city due to the delay of the 7 Line subway extension and rezoning of the neighborhood. Built during a highly inflationary time, it was value engineered to the point of shoddiness, a major portion was not built, and it has not been properly maintained. It has been seriously maligned as an eye-sore. The architects were originally charged with expanding it to meet industry standards while basically obliterating the existing building. This proved to be unaffordable and unsustainable, prompting the design team to re-evaluate the approach and set out to rejuvenate and revitalize the Center, making it more environmentally responsible without impacting the basic infrastructure – the “bones.” The result has been an amazing transformation. In late 2012, Hurricane Sandy deposited up to a foot of contaminated water across 800,000-square-feet of the first level of the facility. In order to mitigate future flood damage, flood gates were installed at all exits below 11 feet in elevation. Where the Center was once facing total demolition, it is now pursuing LEED Silver certification. Javits Center North Concourse Rendering of the Original Javits Center by the firm of Pei Cobb Freed JACOB K. JAVITS CONVENTION CENTER RENOVATION Conditions of the Javits Center in 2009 ID#130600 LOCAL + REGIONAL SITE RESPONSE THE JAVITS’ EXTENSIVE GREEN ROOF RETAINS 72% OF OVERALL RAINFALL High Performance Roof top units Improve thermal performance and durability of roof The existing roof of the Javits Center had been leaking since it was built. The architect’s goals for the new roof included minimum maintenance and maximum longevity, an appealing aesthetic for everyone looking down from new surrounding high-rises, improved energy performance, reduction of the heat-island effect, reduced stormwater runoff, and creation of an environmentally friendly place. After thorough analysis of the structure and the economics of various options, an extensive green roof was selected and installed over 6.75 acres of the roof. High Performance Curtainwall and glass The original building was dubbed by NYC Audubon as the worst birdkiller in the City - mainly due to the high reflectivity of the glass facade. The architects replaced the curtain wall with a combination of solid stainless steel panels and glass that both reduced the reflectivity from 35% to 8% and included a ceramic frit pattern that served to reduce solar gain while creating a visual obstruction for the birds. The result has been a remarkable reduction of 90% of the bird-kills. Highly insulated exterior envelope Revitalization of interior spaces Improved urban spaces The green roof has become a major sanctuary for wildlife. Another study led by NYC Audubon and Fordham University has determined that thousands of species of arthropods are living in the vegetation – making it an oasis for the 11 species of birds counted to date. Bird Collision Location and Frequency - Fall 2007 Heat Island Mitigation: Images from Infrared Survey 80 Number of Collisions 70 60 50 40 Image Location 1 (near boundary), August 29, 2013 30 20 10 0 Jacob Javits Convention Center MET World Financial Bellevue World Financial Other Museum Center Garden Hospital Center Buildings of Art PROPOSSED BIRD SAFE FRIT PATTERN Source: Project Safe Flight - New York City Audubon Image Location 2, August 29, 2013 Gulls and geese have been nesting on the Javits green roof for two years JACOB K. JAVITS CONVENTION CENTER RENOVATION FRIT STUDIES Bird-Safe Frit Pattern: 30% Opacity, 1/8" Round Dots PROPOSSED FRIT PATTERN (30%) South Roof Pre-Greening, September 4, 2013 ID#130600 LOCAL + REGIONAL SITE RESPONSE Bird Safe Glass - Pattern Selection Bird Safe Glass - Implementation Monitoring Green Roof Hydrologic Response - Discrete Conditions July 15, 2014 2.1 hrs - short but intense rain event 72% to 64% retention (plumes 4 and 5) Rain event exceeded infiltrated rate Time btwn peak rain and peak runoff: Approx. 5 min 5mm - 25% cover Frit Pattern: 30% Opacity, 1/8" Round Dots PROPO October 22, 2014 6.1 hr event following 142.7 hr dry period 80% to 69% retention (plumes 4 and 5) Detention period: 2.25 hrs PROPOSSED BIRD SAFE PROPOSSED BIRD SAFE 30mm - 15% cover Curtain wall mockup October 22, 2014 6.7 hr event following 7.2 hr dry period 61% to 21% retention (plumes 4 and 5) Detention period: 1 hr 1cm @ 5cm OC Installed glass: Curtain wall FRIT STUDIES 2mm x 30mm, 4" x 2" OC Installed glass: Skylight JACOB K. JAVITS CONVENTION CENTER RENOVATION Parshall Flumes are installed to measure discharge from the Green Roof acob K. Javits Convention Center Renovation & Expansion ID#130600 PASSIVE BEFORE ACTIVE SMART IMPROVEMENTS MEAN THE JAVITS CURTAIN WALL MEETS MULTIPLE GOALS AT MINIMAL COST TO THE CLIENT Design Development diagram: Improving thermal performance of skylights 25% LL86 (ASHRAE 90.1-1999) As a renovation of an existing facility there were no material changes to the form or orientation of the building. However, modifications did include a reduction of approximately a third of glass area and the replacement of all entryways with fewer and more concentrated portals that incorporate vestibules and automatic doors to greatly reduce the infiltration of untempered air during setups and normal operation. 16.3% 15% The Javits Center’s all-new high performance curtain wall, coupled with a highly efficient mechanical system and a green roof, will contribute to an estimated total energy savings of 26% over the existing building’s performance, which was functioning 10% under code at the start of construction. The replacement of the curtain wall had a number of objectives: increased visibility of the public spaces, brighter ambiance on the interior with minimum glare, higher energy performance, a more friendly appearance, and reduced bird-kill. All objectives were achieved with a Viracon VNE1-63 glass combined with a fritted dot pattern and the use of a solar gray glass interlayer in the skylight areas. 10% EO111 (ASHRAE 90.1-2004) 7% LEED (ASHRAE 901.-2004) The green roof has changed the ambient air temperature on the roof, and studies are ongoing to determine the impact of this on the heating and cooling loads of the building. 0% (Baseline) NYSECCC (ASHRAE 90.1-2004) -IMPROVE THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF SKYLIGHTS: -GRADUATED FRITTING FOR IMPROVED SHADING COEFFICIENT & GLARE REDUCTION -HIGH PERFORMANCE GLASS Jacob K. Javits Convention Center Renovation & Expansion Convention Center Development Corporation Improve Thermal Performance of Skylights Energy Model Data ASK-2814 18 September 2008 ©2008 Javits II Architecture, LLC | All Rights Reserved -10% Existing Conditions The Javits green roof provides passive heating and cooling Progress Report #1 for the Javits green roof: Percent difference for inside ceiling temperatures between the northern green roof (renovated) and the southern roof (not renovated). The trend toward reduction in difference coincides with the completed renovation of the southern roof Weighing Lysimeters track evapotranspiration JACOB K. JAVITS CONVENTION CENTER RENOVATION ID#130600 PASSIVE BEFORE ACTIVE JACOB K. JAVITS CONVENTION CENTER RENOVATION ID#130600 COMFORT + DELIGHT WITH ITS UNIQUE CURTAIN WALL AND SKYLIGHTS, THE JAVITS CENTER ACHIEVES 32% DAYLIGHT AUTONOMY The Crystal Palace, Galleria, Concourse and River Pavilion were originally conceived to be extensions of the outdoors. Unfortunately, daylight and views from the galleria had been obstructed. The design team opened up the walls in the galleria, adding additional glazing, and carefully selecting the glass to eliminate glare and ensure colors that were more comfortable than the original tinted glass. Extensive daylight modeling was done to help with these selections. Daylight values within the glazed Crystal Palace, Galleria, Concourse and River Pavilion fall in excess of 500 fc, but given the nature of the spaces, activities that take place within them, and their uniform contrast ratios, it was determined that no glare condition existed with the exception of the south side of the Galleria, on which visual comfort shading was installed. Daylight dimming was installed in the Crystal Palace, Galleria and River pavilion. Crystal Palace Illuminance Reports for Viracone VNE1-63 Glass Javits Javits Summary Summary ReportReportDRAFT DRAFT Javits Summary Javits ReportSummary DRAFT Report- DRAFT 5 Figure Figure False color 13: False illuminance color illuminance image the image existing of the condition, existing condition, Figure Figure 13:13: 13: False False color color illuminance illuminance image image ofofthe of the existing existing condition, condition, for for forFigure 17: Figure Exterior 17: reflectance Exterior reflectance options options 15: False color 15: False illuminance color illuminance image looking image to looking thethe east tointhe the in the Figure Figure Exterior reflectance options Figure 15:Figure False color illuminance image looking to east in east the Figure 15: False color illuminance image looking to the east in the Figure 17: 17: Exterior reflectance options 1200h, Marsunny. 21, sunny. 1200h, The sunny. present The situation present frequently situation frequently creates Galleria, proposed Galleria, design proposed with design Viracon with VNE Viracon 19-63, VNE Mar 19-63, 21, 1200h, Mar 21, 1200h, MarMar 21,21, 1200h, The present situation frequently creates Mar 21, 1200h, sunny. The present situation frequently createscreates Galleria, proposed design with Viracon VNE 19-63, Mar 21, 1200h, Galleria, proposed design with Viracon VNE 19-63, Mar 21, 1200h, extreme glare extreme conditions glareasconditions asone looks astoward toward one looks thetoward River Pavilion. thePavilion. River Pavilion. sunny. Increased sunny. scene Increased luminance scene luminance helps create helps a more aopen more feel and open feel extreme glare conditions looks the River Pavilion. extreme glare conditions asone one looks toward the River sunny. Increased scene luminance helps create aopen more open feel andand sunny. Increased scene luminance helps create acreate more feel and consequently consequently aamore comfortable a more comfortable viewing condition. viewing condition. If this space If this were space were consequently a more comfortable viewing condition. If this space were consequently more comfortable viewing condition. If this space were to formally be more occupied formally by occupied or byor desks, tables the orthe desks, intensity the ofintensity the of the tomore be to more formally occupied by tables or desks, the intensity of the tobe be more formally occupied bytables tables desks, intensity of the bright sun patch sun along patch the along would the floor bebe problematic, would be problematic, andand visual and visual bright sun patch along the floor would be problematic, and visual bright sunbright patch along thefloor floor would problematic, visual comfort shades comfort would shades bebenecessary. would be necessary. AsAs a transition a transition space itspace isitspace comfort shades would be necessary. aAs transition comfort shades would necessary. aAstransition space isit isit is comfortable. comfortable. comfortable. comfortable. no frit no frit no frit no frit Figure 14:Figure False color 14: False illuminance color illuminance image of the image existing of thecondition existing condition Figure 16:Figure False color 16: False illuminance color illuminance image looking image to looking the south to in thethe south in the looking to looking the south toilluminance in thethe south River inimage Pavilion, theimage River Pavilion, 21, for 1200h, Deccondition 21, overcast. 1200h, overcast.River Pavilion, proposed Pavilion, design proposed with design Viracon with VNE Viracon 19-63. VNE 19-63. 21, Dec 21, Figure 14: 14: False color of for the existing condition Figure False color illuminance of Dec the existing Figure 16: False color illuminance image looking to Dec the south in the Figure 16:River False color illuminance image looking to the south in the 1200h, overcast. 1200h, overcast. looking to the south in the River Pavilion, for for DecDec 21, 21, 1200h, overcast. looking to the south in the River Pavilion, 1200h, overcast. River Pavilion, proposed design with Viracon VNE 19-63. Dec River Pavilion, proposed design with Viracon VNE 19-63. Dec 21, 21, 1200h, overcast. 1200h, overcast. Before/After Renovation JACOB K. JAVITS CONVENTION CENTER RENOVATION no frit 04.20.09 Before/After Renovation 04.20.09 04.20.09 04.20.09 < Existing condition < Existing Existing condition < Existing < condition condition Tvis = 20% == 20% Tvis Tvis Tvis = 20% 20% Rout = 18%Rout = 18% RoutRout = 18% = 18% <+ VNE 19-63 < VNE 19-63 50% frit + 50% frit < VNE VNE 19-63 19-63 +=50% + 50% frit frit Tvis 18% Tvis =<18% = 18% ==18% Rout 6% Rout = Tvis 6% Tvis =band: 6% = 6% Lower no frit Lower band:Rout no Rout frit Lower Lower band: band: no frit no frit < Uniform VNE < Uniform 19-63 VNE 19-63 Tvis = 36% Tvis = 36% < Uniform < Uniform VNEVNE 19-63 19-63 Rout = 6% Rout = 6% Tvis Tvis = 36% = 36% RoutRout = 6% = 6% The expo halls were designed as “black box” spaces totally dependent on artificial light. Adding skylights to the main expo space located directly under the roof was extensively studied. Largely due to the cost of blackout systems and the need to mitigate the thermal impacts, this measure was deemed to have a fairly low life-cycle benefit. Interior comfort and air quality warranted extensive study. All mechanical equipment has now been upgraded with more efficient units and controls, including CO2 sensors. 5 55 no frit no frit no frit < PPG Solarban < PPG Solarban + 30% frit + 30% frit Tvis =<44% Tvis =Solarban 44% PPG < PPG Solarban Rout = 12% Rout = 12% + 30% + 30% frit frit Lower band:Lower VMU-3 VMU-3 Tvis Tvis = band: 44% = 44% RoutRout = 12% = 12% Lower Lower band: band: VMU-3 VMU-3 Carpenter Norris Carpenter Consulting Norris Consulting Carpenter Carpenter Norris Norris Consulting Consulting Full-scale curtain wall mockups with glass options ID#130600 WATER CONSERVATION IMPROVEMENTS AT THE JAVITS CENTER ARE SAVING 2.9 MILLION GALLONS OF WATER EACH YEAR Design Case Water Use - Jacob Javits Center Occupancy Assumptions: Design Case Water Use - Jacob Javits 3Occupancy millionAssumptions: annual visitors, 700 Avg Daily Staff 13 million attend conventions, million annual visitors, 700 Avg Daily Staff remaining for the full day attend conventions, for the full dayremaining for 2-3 hours 11mmillion attendremaing conventions, 1m attend conventions, remaing for 2-3 hrs 11 million attend special for 2-3 hours million attend special events for 2-3events hrs Occupation of Javits Center is variable: There are 700 Full Time Employees on an average day, and visitors are estimated at three million annually. The plumbing fixtures at the Javits Center serve several different user groups and vary from one part of the building to another. The toilet rooms are fit out with various fixtures, some of which had been updated in the recent past. The design team replaced all faucets in renovated restrooms, and many of the toilets and urinals. Flush Fixture HE Water Closet American Standard AFWALL 2257 Male Female With the installation of both new and upgraded fixtures, Javits achieves a 32% reduction in Regulated Potable Water annually, per LEED 2.2. That amounts to 2.9 million gallons of water saved annually. These savings equate to drinking water for up to 1000 people for the duration of one year. Water Closet- American Standard 1.6 Male Female HE Water Closet American Standard AFWALL 2257 Male Female Water Closet- American Standard 1.6 Male Female The Javits green roof has an embedded irrigation system designed to be active for up to two years until the sedum is established. Subsequent to that time, irrigation will be necessary only if the green roof becomes stressed. The roof achieves a 72% reduction of Potable Water Irrigation Consumption. HE Water Closet American Standard AFWALL 2257 Male Female Water Closet- American Standard 1.6 Male Female HE Water Closet American Standard AFWALL 2257 Male small�vs.�XL��Two�New�York�City�Green�Roof�Retrofits� Female Urinal Toto UT104E Male Female Urinal-American Standard 1.0 Male Female Daily Uses Flowrate Duration Auto Occupants Controls N/A Water Use [GPF] [flush] 1 1.28 1 -- 833 1,066 3 1.28 1 -- 834 3,203 1 1.6 1 -- 1666 2,666 3 1.6 1 1666 7,997 0.1 1.28 1 -- 833 107 0.5 1.28 1 -- 834 534 0.1 1.6 1 -- 1666 267 0.5 1.6 1 -- 1667 1,334 Comments [gal] 0.1 1.28 1 -- 1250 160 0.5 1.28 1 -- 1250 800 0.1 1.6 1 -- 1250 200 0.5 1.6 1 -- 1250 1,000 1.2 1.28 1 -- 350 538 3 1.28 1 -- 350 1,344 2 0.500 1 -- 833 833 0 0.500 1 -- 834 0 2 1.000 1 -- 1666 3,332 0 1.000 1 -- 1666 0 0.4 0.500 1 -- 833 167 0 0 500 0.500 1 -- 834 0 0.4 1.000 1 -- 1666 666 0 1.000 1 -- 1667 0 0.4 0.500 1 -- 1250 250 0 0.500 1 -- 1250 0 0.4 1.000 1 -- 1250 500 0 1.000 1 -- 1250 0 1.8 0.500 1 -- 350 500 0 0.500 1 -- 350 0 Assumes 1,667 (1/3 of 5,000 full day convention visitors,1 million annual) Assumes 3,333 (2/3 of 5,000 full day convention visitors,1 million annual) Assumes 1,667 (1/3 of 5,000 partial day convention visitors, 1 m annual) Assumes 3,333 (2/3 of 5000 partial day convention visitors, 1 m annual) Assumes 2,500 (1/2 of 5,000 special events visitors, 1 m annual) Assumes 2,500 (1/2 of 5,000 special events visitors, 1 m annual) Assumes 700 FTE staff Assumes 1,667 (1/3 of 5,000 full day convention visitors,1 million annual) Assumes 3,333 (2/3 of 5,000 full day convention visitors,1 million annual) Urinal Toto UT104E Male Female Assumes 1,667 (1/3 of 5,000 partial day convention visitors, 1 m annual) Urinal-American Standard 1.0 Male Female Urinal Toto UT104E Male Female Urinal-American Standard 1.0 Male Female Urinal Toto UT104E Male Female Flow Fixture Laying growing medium over the green roof irrigation grid Flowrate Duration [GPM] [sec] Auto Occupants Controls [% savings] Assumes 2,500 (1/2 of 5,000 special events visitors, 1 m annual) Assumes 2,500 (1/2 of 5,000 special events visitors, 1 m annual) Assumes 700 FTE staff Water Use Comments [gal] Assumes 1,667 (1/3 of 5,000 full day convention visitors,1 million annual) Low-Flow Lavatory - Toto TEL3GM 3 0.8 12 0 1,667 800 Low-Flow Lavatory - Zurn Z6912 CWB 3 0.5 12 0 3,333 1,000 Low-Flow Lavatory - Toto TEL3GM 0.5 0.8 12 0 1,667 133 Low-Flow Lavatory - Zurn Z6912 CWB 0.5 0.5 12 0 3,333 167 Low-Flow Lavatory - Toto TEL3GM 0.5 0.8 12 0 5,000 400 Low-Flow Lavatory - Toto TEL3GM 3 0.8 15 0 700 420 Assumes 700 FTE staff Pantry Sink -Elkay 1 2.2 15 0 700 385 Assumes 700 FTE staff Shower- Symmons 0.1 2.0 300 0 700 700 Assumes 700 FTE staff � Total Daily Volume [gal] JACOB K. JAVITS CONVENTION CENTER RENOVATION ENVIRONMENTAL�ISSUES�IN�REAL�ESTATE�LEASING� Daily Uses Assumes 3,333 (2/3 of 5000 partial day convention visitors, 1 m annual) Annual Work Days Annual Volume [gal] Annual Graywater or Stormwater Reuse [gal] TOTAL ANNUAL VOLUME [gal] Assumes 3,333 (2/3 of 5,000 full day convention visitors,1 million annual) Assumes 1,667 (1/3 of 5000 partial day convention visitors, 1 m annual) Assumes 3,333 (2/3 of 5000 partial day convention visitors, 1 m annual) Assumes 5,000 special event visitors (1 m annual) 31,466 200 6,293,283 0 6,293,283 ID#130600 ENERGY FLOW STRATEGIC UPGRADES ARE MAKING THE JAVITS CENTER EFFICIENT AND COST-EFFECTIVE The design team implemented energy efficiency measures that resulted in a 9.1% EUI Reduction from a typical convention center in the same climate zone. This equates to a 16% reduction in annual consumption and an 11.3% reduction in annual energy cost. 1 2 Efficient variable air volume AHU’s with a cooling EER of 12.2 are predicted to result in 5.6% energy savings. Demand control ventilation via CO2 sensors in exhibition and lobby areas accounts for 2.4% savings. Air-side economizers with enthalpy control result in 4.5% savings. 3 Vertical glazing covers 45% of gross wall area with a U-value of .38 (from an estimated .67 for vision vertical glazing in the existing building), while skylights cover 13% of gross roof area with a U-value of .5. The improved glass ratings result in 2.8% energy savings. Improvements were made to the roof assembly which resulted in a U-value of 0.042, with the addition in some areas of a green roof with an assembly U-value of 0.038. Attempts were also made to integrate PVs within the system, but that was abandoned due to the structural capacity of the roof and a very long payback. Results from the first M&V report indicate that the building is performing at an estimated 14% below the LEED model prediction, or 27.5% below the baseline. The drop in normalized energy usage from pre-construction (2010) to post-construction (2014) is 11%. 4 5 6 1 High-Performance HVAC 7 2 3 Green Roof 6 5 Maximized Daylighting JACOB K. JAVITS CONVENTION CENTER RENOVATION 4 High-Performance Curtain Wall Building Re-use 7 Highly Insulated Exterior Envelope Restored Habitat ID#130600 MATERIALS + CONSTRUCTION THE TEAM WORKED TO REVIVE AND REUSE AS MUCH OF THE EXISTING BUILDING AS POSSBLE Curtain Wall Studies The Javits renovation was designed with the specific goal of not only saving the Center from total demolition, but of conserving and reusing as much of the existing (and distinctive) structure as possible. The designers and consultants performed extensive structural analysis to that end. In addition, 77% of construction waste was diverted from landfill. 9,856 tons of construction waste were generated, with 7,567 tons diverted. Extensive analysis was done to determine the best course of action for replacing or refurbishing the existing Javits curtain wall. While it was determined that the framing was monolithic and without a thermal break, it turned out that the issue was not as critical as anticipated due to the vast amount of glass in the building and the comparatively low percentage of aluminum framing. The glass, however, was in far worse condition, fraught with broken seals and torn pressure gaskets that had caused de-lamination of coatings and needed total replacement. Due to the economic climate at the time, it was considered prudent for the design team to prepare two options and bid the work as both totally new and refurbished. In the end, the uncertainty associated with refurbished system won out and a new curtain wall was installed. Existing condition Jacob K. Javits Convention Center Renovation & Expansion Convention Center Development Corporation Base Condition ASK-2485 26 June 2008 ©2008 Javits II Architecture, LLC | All Rights Reserved NTS 0’ 25’ 50’ 100’ FXFOWLE R OGERS EPSTEIN F OWLE JAVITS II E PST E IN ARCHITECTURE Option 1: Replacement of glass in existing curtain wall Jacob K. Javits Convention Center Renovation & Expansion Convention Center Development Corporation Option 1 New Clear Glass within Existing System ©2008 Javits II Architecture, LLC | All Rights Reserved ASK-2486 26 June 2008 NTS 0’ 50’ 100’ 200’ FXFOWLE EP STEI N JAVITS II ARCHITECTURE Option 2: Replacement of curtain wall over existing space frame II Space Frame Renovation Frame Assessment Study Report 24 - Jacob K. Javits Convention Center Renovation & Expansion Convention Center Development Corporation ©2008 Javits II Architecture, LLC | All Rights Reserved Archival photographc of space frame construction Existing condition Option 3 New Glazing System ASK-2488 26 June 2008 NTS 0’ 50’ 100’ 200’ Replacement of select members FXFOWLE EP STEI N JAVITS II ARCHITECTURE Post-renovation curtain wall Figure 16. Erection of space frame components on-site. Placement of wall components and expansion joint components. JACOB K. JAVITS CONVENTION CENTER RENOVATION ID#130600 LONG LIFE LOOSE FIT FLEXIBILITY AND VERSATILITY ARE CENTRAL TO THE DESIGN AND OPERATION OF THE JAVITS CENTER The Javits center was built to be flexible. It exhibits over 35,000 companies per year, with events ranging from a pizza oven trade show to a black tie gala. The renovation project included the refurbishment of the movable partition systems within the expo space, allowing for multiple events to occur simultaneously. One of the greatest challenges of the Javits renovation was the fact that the Center was to remain in operation throughout the entirety of the construction process. To that end, the Butler Building, or Javits North, was pre-engineered for light construction and built as a temporary swing space to catch any program displaced by the construction. This space proved so successful that it is still in use today. Further plans for expansion include improving the truck marshalling and docking facilities so as to reduce idling time by trucks waiting to unload equipment and materials. This facility will also improve the neighborhood by giving trucks and trailers a location to dock on-site, as opposed to their current habit of parking overnight on city streets. Javits North JACOB K. JAVITS CONVENTION CENTER RENOVATION River Pavilion ID#130600 SOLAR PANEL 4-COMPONENT RADIOMETER 4 5 DATA LOGGER 6 Function and locations of green roof weather stations The Javits team is also undertaking ongoing monitoring of the building Analyzing the pre- and post-construction energy consumption data will show the actual performance. The first year’s M&V report indicates that energy increases in building efficiency that resulted from the renovation. Verifying whether the project consumption foridentifying the overall is 14% than inpredicted the met its targets, and areas building with deficiencies will lower aid the facility determining by areas of improvement andHowever, planning future energy efficiency projects. LEED model. loads associated with HVAC are significantly higher than predicted. It appears that while the building’s RTUs were 3.1 Current Building 2010 Energy Consumption configured to runPerformance as variablevs.volume units, many are instead running as constant volume. The Javits Center is working oniscorrective measures Because construction was still on-going in 2012 and 2013, there only one full calendar year of availablethis, to verify building performance post-renovation anddemonstrate expansion. To offset any todata address and further M&V studies should reduced potential bias introduced by variability in weather and facility size, the total energy usage of the HVAC loads once the new protocols are implemented. facility was normalized using degree day data and square footage. Heating degree days and cooling degree days are commonly used to benchmark building heating and cooling energy use, respectively. Combining the heating and cooling degree days allows accurate comparisons between years when the weather fluctuates slightly. 3 3.0 Task 2: Current vs 2010 Building Performance 2 WIND GAUGE RELATIVE HUMIDITY & TEMPERATURE SENSOR In order to facilitate the continuing development of green roof research and potentially inform future legislation, the design team proposed and eventually convinced the client to install climate monitors, water run-off and evaporation measuring devices, and temperature measuring devices at several locations on the roof and street. These devices were installed and are being monitored by a team of Drexel University and Cooper Union scientists and students who prepare and release regular reports Task 2 on the performance metrics related to the green roof. Researchers from NYC Audubon also survey and monitor the 11 species of birds nesting in this new habitat. RAIN GAUGE The renovated Javits Center has become recognized as a new standard for bird-safe glass and green roof retrofitting by demonstrating the feasibility of undertaking a project of this magnitude under strict budgetary and structural constraints. 1 ONGOING MONITORING AT THE JAVITS CENTER WILL ALLOW THE NEXT GENERATION TO BUILD ON OUR EXPERIENCE FXFOWLE COLLECTIVE WISDOM FEEDBACK LOOPS Table 5: Normalized Energy Usage Year Total MMBTU Total sq. ft. Degree Days BTU/DD/SF 2010 155,094 1,990,000 5,939 13.12 2012 140,739 2,100,000 5,295 12.66 2013 158,183 2,100,000 5,997 12.56 2014 150,044 2,100,000 6,121 11.67 The drop in normalized usage from Report, pre-construction (2010) post-construction (2014) Normalized Energyenergy Usage - M&V October 6 to2015 is 11.0%. This number is derived from one year of pre-construction utility bills, and one year of post-construction utility bills. Additional datadata, may refine percent savings. The LEED Study 2010 represents pre-construction 2014the represents post-construction. predicted energy usage would be reduced by 16.0% to ASHRAE The dropthat in normalized energy between 2010compared and 2014 is 11.0%.90.1-2004 The LEED standards (from 207,371 MMBTU to 174,221 MMBTU). Study predicted that energy usage would be reduced by 16% compared to ASHRAE 90.1-2004. Possible causes for discrepancies are described above. The chart below compares energy usage with climate data. Ongoing education at the Javits JACOB K. JAVITS CONVENTION CENTER RENOVATION Center ID#130600
