bumi cinta - Terengganu

Issue
02 2012
June
Ulasan Buku
BUMI CINTA
Oleh: NORHAFIZA ABU SEMAN
Fakulti Sains Pentadbiran dan Pengajian Polisi
Selepas Ayat-Ayat Cinta (AAC), minat saya pada karya
Habiburrahhman El-Shirazy (Kang Abik) serasa biasa-biasa
sahaja. Apatah lagi, selepas saya membaca Rindu Cleopatra,
saya jadi menyampah habis. Namun, apabila membaca Ketika
Cinta Bertasbih (KCB) I dan II, saya ok kembali. Mungkin kerana
watak yang hampir sempurna membuatkan saya tidak berapa
selesa dengan karya-karyanya.
Itu cerita hari itu.
Sebelum menulis ulasan ini, saya ada membaca beberapa
ulasan di banyak blog. Kebanyakannya menyatakan karya
Kang Abik yang ini tidak semantap AAC dan KCB – kerana
plotnya mendatar dan banyak perbincangan yang tidak
berapa menarik. To each of his own la, kan? Bagi saya,
selepas habis membaca, saya rasa puas. Walaupun
tidak secara keseluruhannya, tapi pada skala 1-10, saya
menarafkan kepuasan saya pada skala 8.5. Kenapa besar
sangat skalanya? Mari saya ceritakan.
Watak– Ada 4 watak utama – Muhammad Ayyas, pelajar
sarjana bidang sejarah yang mahu mengkaji mengenai
sejarah Islam moden dalam era Rusia moden, Yelena –
gadis Rusia teman serumah Ayyas, pelacur kelas pertama
yang tidak mempercayai Tuhan. Linor EJ Lazarenko @
Sofia Corsova @ Sofia Ezzuddin – juga teman serumah
Ayyas, ejen perisik Mossad yang menyamar sebagai
wartawan dan pemain biola untuk orkestra, Dr. Anastasia
Palazzo, pembimbingnya yang menggantikan pembimbing
asal – Prof. Abramov Tomskii. Anastasia, gadis berdarah
Rusia-Itali adalah pensyarah di MGU dan seorang pakar
mengenai sejarah Asia Tenggara.
Plot – Ayyas diminta oleh profesornya di Aligarh, India,
untuk pergi ke Rusia untuk mendapatkan first hand data
mengenai sejarah Islam di Rusia bagi melengkapkan
tesis sarjananya. Rencananya hanya tiga minggu di
Rusia. Namun, dalam tempoh itu, pelbagai perkara
yang berlaku yang menyebabkan hidup Ayyas terpusing
180 darjah kalau tidak 360 darjah. Dia terlibat dengan
pembunuhan seorang ahli mafia, difitnah sebagai orang
yang bertanggungjawab meletupkan hotel ternama
Rusia, menjadi terkenal setelah berjaya mematahkan
hujah seorang penulis kontroversi di dalam satu talk
dan kemudiannya muncul di dalam sebuah talk show.
Di samping itu, Ayyas menjadi pemuda idaman 3 gadis
watak utama yang gedegang-gedegang kecantikannya.
Happy ending untuk sebahagian, dan cliff hanger pada
sebahagian. [Mungkin akan ada Bumi Cinta II?].
Nilaian saya:
Nilai tambah
Saya menyukai plot cerita ini kerana subjeknya sangat
menarik – bagi saya lah. Subjeknya adalah mengenai
negara Rusia – yang saya rasa sangat luas dan kompleks
untuk diterokai. Saya selalu membayangkan Rusia itu
adalah sebuah negara yang sentiasa dalam keadaan
berkabus, misteri dan cold (bukan sebab cuacanya,
tapi budayanya). Malah, membaca tentang Kremlin saja
sudah menyeramkan saya – bukan kerana di situ tempat
pembuat dasar – tapi kerana dibayangi cerita-cerita
ganas Stalin dan Lenin. St. Petersburg pula kedengaran
seperti kota yang kejam dan keras. Entah apa-apa, kan?
Itulah padah kalau tidak mengetahui.
Perbahasan mengenai atheis. Fenomena (boleh dipanggil
begitu?) atheis adalah sesuatu yang pada saya sangat
menarik. Walaupun, dasarnya ia tidak mempercayai
wujudnya kuasa Tuhan, atheis itu sendiri sebenarnya
adalah satu kepercayaan [ini antara perkara-perkara
yang membuatkan saya tidak ‘lalu’ dengan falsafah].
Menerusi Ayyas, Kang Abik menyajikan ilmu baru kepada
saya mengenai jenis-jenis atheis serta evaluation
setiap satunya. Dan, paling menarik bagi saya adalah
part Ayyas berlawan hujah dengan seorang penulis
terkenal dan penuh kontroversi kerana tulisan yang
bersifat provokatif, Viktor Murasov. Namun, ada sedikit
kesalan, kerana setelah Ayyas berhujah, Murasov terus
didiamkan oleh Kang Abik – sebagai tanda Murasov
terkena pukulan KO dari Ayyas. Pada saya, Murasov perlu
bangun menentang kerana dia adalah seorang yang kritis
dan penuh provokasi [tapi, kalau nak masuk yang ini,
mungkin mencecah ribuan halaman pula lah jadinya,
kan?]
>>
>>
Nilai susut
Sejarah Sabra dan Shatilla 1982 – pembersihan umat
Palestin oleh tentera Yahudi. Melalui watak ibu Linor,
Ekatrina – seorang sukarelawan PRC ketika kejadian itu,
Kang Abik memperincikan cebisan kejadian peristiwa
itu, bermula dari serangan 16 September hingga 19
September 1982. Cerita ini mengingatkan saya kepada
2 perkara – satu, Dr. Ang Swee Chai, penulis Dari Beirut
ke Jerusalem (yang setengah saja saya baca – saya akan
cuba habiskan lain ketika), yang menjadi saksi kepada
peristiwa itu, dan lagu Allahyarham Zubir Ali – Balada
Seorang Gadis Kecil, yang dinukilkan bersempena
peristiwa itu – dan satu lagi, tarikh peristiwa ini
bersamaan dengan tarikh lahir saya – September 17.
Hal- hal teknikal sahaja …
Kekejaman bangsa Yahudi di dalam peristiwa ini
memang sukar untuk dibayangkan. Andai mereka
bijak melukis peristiwa holocaust demi menarik rasa
simpati dunia kepada mereka, mereka juga sebenarnya
bijak menyembunyi pembunuhan di Sabra dan Shatilla
ini. Sehinggakan, kita (saya sebenarnya), lebih dulu
mengetahui holocaust dan simpati terhadap ‘mangsanya’
daripada saudara seagama di Sabra dan Shatilla.
Saya sebenarnya kagum dengan ‘keperasanan’ penulis
dengan negaranya dan rakyatnya – lewat watak Ayyas
itu. Watak itu dilukis dengan penuh pesona dan Indonesia
digambar sebagai negara yang indah dan muluk. Saya
jarang sekali menemukan watak orang Melayu Malaysia
digambarkan sebegitu – maksudnya, yang sampai
memberi impak international sebegitu (seperti menjadi
popular hingga dijemput ke dalam talk show pada waktu
prime time di stesen TV Rusia).
Ejaan. Kalau novel itu tebal, dan tiada langsung kesalahan
ejaan, ia merupakan bonus point kepada saya kerana
saya tak tahu kenapa saya sangat sensitif dengan ejaan.
Walaupun tak banyak salah, ia tetap mengganggu. Dan,
masa terganggu itulah masa terbaik untuk saya larut
sampai tidur … what an excuse! Lame sungguh! Tapi,
seriously, ejaan salah memanglah mood spoiler.
Pengecualian mungkin kepada tulisan FT dalam 1511
dan yang sewaktu dengannya. Juga karya Ramlee Awang
Murshid – ADAM (besar kemungkinan ramai yang telah
menulis, cuma saya yang tidak terjumpa). Bagi kita
yang maklum dengan keadaan Indonesia, pasti ada
rasa lucu apabila membaca perkara-perkara ini, dan ini
juga mengingatkan saya kepada Ideal-Type Construct
theory dalam bidang Development Administration. Tapi,
kekaguman saya mengatasi kelucuan itu, kerana kalau
tidak kita yang bermegah dan berbangga dengan diri
kita, siapa lagi? Tidak salah kalau memberi penarafan
yang tinggi pada diri sendiri (walau hakikatnya kita
tidak begitu bagus) – kerana itu adalah lambang kepada
tingginya self-esteem dan self-confidence kita. Kuasa
confidence itu sangatlah besar dan mengesankan
walaupun over-confidence selalu mendajalkan kita.
Seperkara lagi, hikmah dalam berdakwah. Hikmah dalam
berdakwah pada saya adalah kebolehan menerangkan
dengan mudah perkara yang susah tanpa mengurangkan
tuntutan kepada perkara tersebut untuk orang yang
mahu didakwahkan. Ataupun, hikmah itu, bermaksud,
sentiasa ada jawapan untuk perkara-perkara yang
ditanya. Dan, hikmah juga bermaksud, pintar memilih
tindakan mengikut keadaan. Dan, perkara ini tercermin
benar pada Ayyas semasa di dalam talk show itu. Saya
cemburu dengan watak Ayyas dan penulisnya kerana
hikmah mereka!
Pertamanya, pengulangan dan pengulangan. Mungkin,
dek kerana novel ini agak tebal, penulis terpaksa
mengulang beberapa kali benda yang sama supaya fokus
pembaca tidak lari. Namun, ia sedikit mengganggu
kerana kadang-kadang pengulangan itu sama panjangnya
dengan bahagian asal yang sudah dibaca. Bagi orang
yang jenis membaca laju, mungkin tak terasa, tetapi
pembaca yang deep reading (baca: slow dan lembab)
macam saya ia menerbitkan rasa kecewa kerana tibatiba kena baca benda yang baru dibaca pada 15 muka
surat yang lepas …
Kebetulan. Apabila ramai pengulas mengatakan novel
ini mendatar sahaja, saya menyedari ada kebenarannya
apabila habis membaca. Banyak perkara yang antiklimaks. Asalnya memang mendebarkan, tetapi, bila di
pertengahan, sudah boleh ditebak apa jadinya. Mungkin
ia bermaksud, oleh kerana Ayyas seorang yang berperibadi
tinggi, segala kesulitan jarang menghinggapinya … ah,
bosan!
Antaranya, bila Ayyas tergoda oleh Linor, tiba-tiba Ayyas
tersedar perbuatannya, kemudian terus melumpuhkan
Linor serta mengeluarkan Linor dari kamarnya.
Kebetulan.
Bila Linor memasukkan beg yang mengandungi bukti
palsu yang akan mengaitkan Ayyas dengan letupan hotel
Metropole, beg itu boleh pula tertinggal semasa Ayyas
berpindah dan Ayyas tidak langsung melihat beg itu.
Kecuaian seorang perisik? Kebetulan yang pelik. Dan
banyak lagi lah …
Kesimpulan:
Selepas membaca novel ini, terasa semangat Islam itu
sedikit membara. Memang ia boleh membangunkan jiwa
sedikit sebanyak. Semangat untuk melakukan sesuatu
untuk agama, bangsa dan negara melambai-lambai.
Namun, selama mana? Hanya Allah yang tahu.
Hidayah itu kerja Allah. Namun, usaha untuk mencarinya
tidak pernah Allah halangkan. Semoga kita semua
menemukan makna pada kehidupan yang sementara ini,
InsyaAllah.
Rujukan:
Dr. Ang Swee Chai, (2007). Dari Beirut ke Jerusalem, Harakah
, Kuala Lumpur.
Ramlee Awang Murshid (2007). ADAM (Aku Darah Anak
Malaysia), Alaf 21(2002), Kuala Lumpur.
Zubir Ali (2008). Lagu Balada Seorang Gadis Kecil
From the Chief Editor’s Desk
Bismillaahirrahmaanirrahiim..
Assalamualaikum and greetings to all BizNewz readers.
Alhamdulillah, praise be to Allah
for this second issue of BizNewz in
2012. Thank you so much to all the
contributors for your support in making
sure BizNewz meets its readers again
for the second time in this year.
Habiburrahman El Shirazy entitled Semoga segala urusan
‘Bumi Cinta’, was meticulously done dipermudahkan Allah,
by our fellow lecturer, Miss Norhafiza insya Allah.
Abu Seman.
Pembaca
BizNewz
Pembaca BizNewz yang budiman,
yang dihormati,
In this issue, we have 13 interesting
articles which include 3 attentiongrabbing articles from our fellow
columnists – Dr. Zainuddin, Mdm. Anita
and Mr. Bashir. Moreover, there is an
article on tips in handling and managing
in-text citation and reference list
by the faculty’s APA expert, Mdm.
Nurmuslimah. Those who are health
conscious would find it beneficial to
read ‘An Apple a Day Keeps the Doctor
Away’ and ‘Kanser Paru-Paru’. In
order to further spice up our teaching
techniques, don’t forget to read
our 2 articles regarding classroom
management. Apart from that, the
article entitled ‘Tabiat Berbelanja
Rakyat Malaysia’ would provide us an
insight on the actual spending habits
among Malaysians. We also have 2
articles concerning on the business
perspectives, namely ‘Kepentingan
Perhubungan Pemasaran’ and ‘The
Importance of Succession Planning’.
In the Aktiviti Pelajar section, there is
a report on ‘SIFE Boot Camp’ activity
which had been conducted in UiTM
Penang. Lastly, a book review, by
the well known Indonesian novelist,
Ucapan selamat bertugas ditujukan
khas buat Timbalan Rektor HEA yang
baharu, Prof. Madya Dr. Baharom
Abdul Rahman. BizNewz yakin budaya
penulisan dalam kalangan staf UiTM
(Terengganu) akan kekal rancak di
bawah pentadbiran Prof. Madya Dr.
Baharom.
BizNewz ingin merakamkan ucapan
penghargaan kepada mantan Timbalan
Rektor HEA, Prof. Madya Wan Dorishah
Wan Abd. Manan, atas jasa dan
sumbangan beliau selama menjawat
jawatan TR HEA. Didoakan semoga
Prof. Madya Wan Dorishah sentiasa
sukses dalam apa jua yang dilakukan.
Bersempena dengan semester pengajian
diploma yang baru bermula, selamat
datang diucapkan kepada pelajar
diploma yang baru menjejakkan kaki
di UiTM Terengganu. Semoga peluang
menuntut ilmu digunakan sebaik
mungkin dan para pelajar dapat menjadi
insan yang berilmu, berkeperibadian
mulia, cemerlang di dunia dan di
akhirat. Kepada pelajar ijazah sarjana
muda, selamat menempuh peperiksaan
akhir bermula pada 27 Jun – 15 Julai ini.
Sedar tak sedar kita telah pun berada
di penghujung bulan Rejab 1433H.
Syaaban bakal menyusul dan tidak
lama lagi pasti penghulu segala
bulan, iaitu Ramadhan almubarak,
akan
menjelma.
Alhamdulillah,
kita masih diberi peluang untuk
mentarbiah diri dengan melakukan
ibadah sebanyak mungkin. Molek
benar sekiranya kita berazam agar
Ramadhan 1433H yang bakal muncul
berbeza dengan Ramadhan pada
tahun-tahun sebelumnya. Semoga
amalan kita semakin bertambah, dosa
semakin berkurang. Semoga hari-hari
yang bakal kita lalui adalah lebih
baik daripada hari ini dan semalam.
Ahlan wa sahlan ya Ramadhan…
Last but not least, do enjoy reading
our range of articles. If you like to
see your writing published in this
bulletin, you know where to reach us
- [email protected].
I would also love to hear what you
think, so please send your comments,
response or feedback to the above
e-mail.
Editor-in-Chief,
AZYANEE LUQMAN
Editor’s Column
Assalamualaikum wmt wbt...
Alhamdulillah, syukur
ke hadrat ilahi di atas
limpah dan inayahNya,
BizNewz dapat sekali
lagi
menerbitkan
pelbagai artikel buat
tatapan semua.Terima
kasih kepada Ketua Editor kerana
memberikan saya kesempatan buat
kali pertamanya menulis di ruangan
Editor’s Column ini.
Tahun keempat saya bergelar seorang
pensyarah di UiTM (Terengganu),
pada amatan saya sebenarnya agak
sukar untuk benar-benar menjadi
seorang pendidik yang serba boleh.
Begitu banyak kesabaran dan cabaran
yang perlu ditempuhi di dalam
menjalankan tugas terutamanya di
dalam mengadaptasikan diri kita
dengan para pelajar yang semakin
hari semakin bijak. Mungkin saudara/
saudari semua mempunyai visi,
misi dan matlamat yang lebih
hebat daripada saya, malah lebih
berpengalaman.
Berbekalkan
sedikit pengalaman yang saya kutip
sepanjang bergelar seorang guru di
SM IMTIAZ Dungun, saya cuba berikan
yang lebih baik kepada UiTM. Mujur
saya juga bekas pelajar di sini, dan
ianya amat membantu saya mencipta
kegemilangan bersama-sama pelajar
di bumi UiTM (T) ini. Kasih saya
kepada UiTM tidak pernah berbelah
bagi di saat saya bergelar pelajar ITM
pada tahun 1998 sehinggalah tamat
EMBA pada 2007. Di sinilah tempat
saya menimba ilmu daripada para
pensyarah saya yang amat dedikasi
dan mesra, malah merekalah jua
sumber inspirasi saya untuk berjaya
seperti hari ini. Di sinilah dulu tempat
saya mencurah bakti kepada adik-adik
junior, juga kepada siswa siswi UiTM
sepanjang begelar MPP. Kenangan
dan semua ilmu yang diperoleh akan
digunakan sebaik mungkin selama
berada di sini. InshaAllah....
Kaum ibu baru sahaja diraikan dan
diberikan hadiah istimewa sebagai
tanda ingatan. Terima kasih atas
segala jasa ibu kita yang dari
dulu hingga sekarang tetap setia
menyayangi kita. Sambutan Hari
Guru pada bulan Mei yang lalu juga
terasa amat indah tatkala para
pelajar mengucapkan ‘Selamat Hari
Guru’ kepada kita semua. Indahnya
hari-hari itu hanya diri kita sahaja
yang dapat merasainya. Buat kaum
bapa, ‘Selamat Hari Bapa’ diucapkan,
semoga kaum-kaum bapa juga terus
gah berdiri memimpin generasi
akan datang terutamanya pemimpin
keluarga tersayang agar menjadi
idola semua. Akhir kata, semoga kita
terus tabah dan diberikan kekuatan
mengharungi hari-hari yang bakal
tiba..... Wassalam.
Wan Maziah Wan Ab. Razak
An Ink in the Ocean
By: Dr. Hj. Zainuddin Zakaria
Tasks in Understanding Environmental
Context of a Research
In many research thesis or proposal, defining a research
problem is a critical step in conducting a good research.
In fact, it is the first step in a marketing research process.
Many students and researchers are sometimes baffled
on how to define a problem and develop an approach
towards the problem. Before a research problem can be
defined, it is necessary to perform four tasks to enable
a researcher to understand the context of a problem.
Malhotra (2010) suggested four tasks that will help
researchers to understand the context of a problem.
The four tasks are Discussion with Decision Makers,
Interview with Experts, Secondary Data Analysis and
Conducting Qualitative Research.
The purpose of undertaking these tasks is primarily to
help the researchers to understand the background of
the problem by analysing the environmental context.
Once the background of the problem has been identified,
then the marketing research problem can be defined.
Based on the definition of the research problem, an
appropriate approach to the problem can be developed.
In this short article, the author will discuss briefly the
four tasks necessary in understanding the environmental
context of a research problem.
Discussion with Decision Makers
This step is extremely important. As decision makers,
they are the individuals who have the authorities for the
relevant information that beneficial the organisation. A
research helps in providing information that is relevant to
the management’s decision, but information alone does
not offer solution to the issue that the research intend to
solve in the first place. In order to implement the solution,
it needs the judgement of the decision makers. On the
other hand, researchers need to understand the nature
of decision that managers face and what they hope to
use from the information provided by the research. In
addition, discussion with decision makers may provide
insights on the real issues face by the organisation that
is relevant to the researchers.
Interviews with Expert
Interview with the expert is another task relevant in
understanding the environmental context of a problem
which will lead to better problem definition. These
experts are individuals that are knowledgeable about
the firm and industry. If the individuals are those who
are knowledgeable about the general topic of the
research at hand, then this type of interview is known
as experience survey or key-informant technique.
Expert opinion interview is typically conducted using
unstructured questions rather than using a formal
questionnaire. It is useful to have a list of topics to be
covered during the interviews. However, the order in
which the topics are covered and the questions are asked
should not be pre-determined as to allow some flexibility
in gathering the insights of these experts. Researchers
must be mindful that the purpose of this interview is to
define the research problems instead of developing a
conclusive solution.
Secondary Data Analysis
Secondary Data is data collected by the researchers or
others for a purpose (objective) that is different from
the problem or issues of the present research. Some
of the sources of secondary data come from business
and government sources, commercial marketing
research firms, research data from other research and
computerised database. Sometimes we can use the
source of background information as it is an economical
and quick source of information. As this is one of the
important steps in problem definition process, Malhotra
(2011) argues that secondary data should be fully utilised
before primary data can be collected. The purpose of
analysing secondary data is that it can provide valuable
insights, current trend, and background scenario of
the research problem. Secondary data also lays the
foundation for conducting primary data analysis. In terms
of defining a research problem, secondary data may help
in identifying and defining the problem better.
Qualitative Research
If the information obtained from decision makers,
industry experts and secondary data was not sufficient
to define the research problem, researchers need to
conduct a qualitative research to gain understanding of
the problem and its underlying factors. What is qualitative
research? Maholtra (2010) suggested that qualitative
research is a research that is unstructured, exploratory in
nature, based on small samples and may utilised popular
qualitative techniques such as focused groups, word
association and depth interviews. Pilot survey and case
studies may also be applied. Even though at the problem
definition stage, it is not conducted formally but it can
provide valuable insights towards the problem. The rich
data obtained from the qualitative data may give some
clear insights on who, what, when and how of the issues
at hand and help the researchers to define clearly the
research problem.
Reference: Malhotra, N.K (2010). Marketing Research. An
Applied Orientation (6th edition). Pearson Education, Inc. New
Jersey, USA.
Berpesan-pesan
Oleh: Anita Md. Shariff
APAKAH
ISLAM
HANYA TINGGAL PADA NAMA?
Bismillahirrahmanirrahim
Assalamualaikum wbt..
Islam mempunyai penganut teramai iaitu 23.4% dari jumlah
6.9 billion penduduk dunia pada 2010 dan bakal mencecah
26.4% dari 8.3billion pada 2030. Peningkatan sebanyak 2.2%
setahun direkod dari 1990 ke 2010 (The Future of the Global
Muslim, 2011). Selari dengan peningkatan itu, permintaan
untuk produk atau servis yang berlabel Islam atau halal
juga turut meningkat. Di peringkat nasional, bukan sahaja
institusi-institusi dilabelkan Islam seperti Universiti Islam,
Parti Islam, Perbankan Islam dan sebagainya, kini timbul
pula produk-produk jualan yang turut dilabelkan Islam
seperti Pizza Islam, Seks Islam, English Islam (Islamic English)
dan sebagainya. Nampaknya, institusi-institusi dan produkproduk berlabel Islam tumbuh begitu subur dewasa ini.
Jadi apakah kita melihat ini sesuatu yang positif?
Kepincangan dalam sistem sediada menyebabkan
terlalu banyak kemungkaran berlaku di seluruh dunia.
Penindasan, penyelewangan , ketidakadilan dan jenayah
terus berleluasa. Umat Islam sedar betapa pentingnya
untuk kembali kepada Islam sebagai jalan penyelesaian.
Namun, rata-rata umat Islam tidak mempunyai gambaran
sebenar atau menyeluruh tentang Islam yang merupakan
Ad-deen atau cara hidup yang dibawa oleh Rasullullah s.a.w.
Firman Allah dalam Surah Al Baqarah 2: 208:
“Wahai
orang-orang
yang
beriman!
Masuklah
kamu ke dalam Islam secara keseluruhan; dan
janganlah kamu ikuti langkah-langkah Syaitan.
Sesungguhnya Syaitan itu musuh kamu yang nyata.”
Persoalannya, bagaimana ingin masuk ke dalam
Islam secara keseluruhan sekiranya kita tidak
mempunyai gambaran menyeluruh tentang Islam?
Dalam khutbah baginda yang terakhir,Rasulullah s.a.w.
telah berpesan:
“Sesungguhnya aku tinggalkan kepada kamu dua perkara
yang sekiranya kamu berpegang teguh dan mengikuti
kedua-duanya nescaya kamu tidak akan tersesat
selama-lamanya. Itulah Al-Quran dan Sunnahku.”
Jelaslah bahawa untuk masuk ke dalam Islam secara
keseluruhan dan bagi melindungi diri dari kesesatan,
umat Islam tidak boleh tidak mesti mengambil Al-Quran
dan Sunnah Rasulullah sebagai cara hidup. Usaha tidak
sepatutnya hanya tertumpu kapada memperbetulkan
bacaan Al-Quran dan beranggapan bahawa pengkajian
dan penghayatan isi Al-Quran dan Sunnah hanya layak
untuk mereka yang berpendidikan agama sahaja.
Apakah mereka yang berpendidikan agama hari ini
mampu untuk memberi gambaran atau menghurai secara
menyeluruh tentang Islam yang sebenar? Saya pernah
mengajukan soalan kepada mereka yang berpendidikan
Islam, apakah matawang yang digunapakai oleh Rasulullah
dalam urusan-urusan seperti muamalat dan pengukuran
dalam hukum hudud, dan mengapa ia tidak diguna pakai pada
hari ini sedangkan ia sudah termaktub dalam AlQuran dan
Sunnah? Jawapan yang diterima sungguh mengecewakan.
Hakikatnya, umat Islam tidak mampu mengamalkan Islam
secara menyeluruh kerana perkara-perkara asas dalam
kehidupan Islam yang merupakan sunnah Rasulullah telah
dipinggirkan dan tiada dalam silibus sistem pendidikan
di seluruh dunia. Cara hidup yang berasaskan sunnah
Rasulullah sudah dianggap kuno dan ketinggalan zaman!
Jadi, apakah akibatnya?
Kegagalan memahami Islam secara keseluruhan
berdasarkan AlQuran dan Sunnah mendorong umat Islam
untuk mengambil jalan mudah dengan menerima bulatbulat apa sahaja yang berlabel Islam. Bahkan, ada yang
berpendirian, apa sahaja yang bernama Islam sudah tentu
halal dan selari dengan Islam tanpa menyelidiki terlebih
dahulu atau mencari nas atau dalil yang menyokongnya.
Ia adalah satu kesilapan besar yang tidak disedari.
Allah berfirman:
“Dan sesungguhnya Kami jadikan untuk isi neraka Jahannam
kebanyakan dari jin dan manusia, mereka mempunyai
hati, tetapi tidak dipergunakan untuk memahami [ayatayat Allah] dan mereka mempunyai mata [tetapi] tidak
dipergunakan untuk melihat [tanda-tanda kekuasaan Allah]
dan mereka mempunyai telinga [tetapi] tidak dipergunakan
untuk mendengar [ayat-ayat Allah]. Mereka itu seperti
binatang ternakan, bahkan mereka lebih sesat lagi.
Mereka itulah orang-orang yang lalai.” (Al-A’raaf 7 : 179)
Penerimaan membuta tuli segala yang dihidangkan atas
nama Islam menyebabkan umat Islam mudah terpedaya
dan tertipu. Ternyata, itulah yang terjadi dewasa ini di
mana umat Islam telah akur dengan perkara-perkara yang
jelas bertentangan dengan ajaran Islam sebenar. Sebagai
contoh, apakah umat Islam sedar yang riba’ kini sangat
berleluasa diterima pakai atas kewujudan institusi berlabel
Islam? Apakah umat Islam nampak yang permusuhan dan
perpecahan di kalangan umat dibiarkan parah kononnya
bagi tujuan dan agenda politik Islam? Adakah umat Islam
dapat meneliti segala bentuk sistem/insitusi/produk kufur
kini secara halus dan lunak diadaptasikan atas nama Islam?
Hasilnya, begitu banyak institusi/produk yang dilabelkan
Islam hari ini tetapi initipatinya adalah kemungkaran. Begitu
ramainya umat Islam di muka bumi tetapi pemikiran dan cara
hidup dikongkong dalam kotak kejahilan menyebabkan kita
terus lemah, tertindas, teraniaya dan mundur. Umat Islam
terus-menerus menemui jalan buntu dalam menghuraikan
permasalahan pokok yang berlaku hari ini serta punca kepada
permasalahan tersebut apatah lagi untuk menyelesaikannya.
Islam di hadapan kita hari ini bukan lagi Ad-deen atau cara
hidup yang menyeluruh tetapi hanyalah amalan-amalan
rutin bercampur tempelan-tempelan atau label yang
dipampang sebagai strategi pemasaran bagi memperdaya
pembeli/pelanggan/pengikut di kalangan umat Islam.
Lebih membimbangkan, Islam hari ini adalah adaptasiadatasi dari sistem kufur yang diolah mengikut keperluan
semasa bagi kepentingan dan keuntungan golongangolongan tertentu termasuk mereka yang memusuhi Islam.
Maka, yang tinggal dari Islam hanyalah pada namanya.
Sungguh menyedihkan namun apakah kita sedar?
Bagitu keadaannya telah termaktub seperti dalam hadis berikut:
“Telah bersabda Rasulullah SAW bahawa sudah hampir
tiba suatu masa, di mana tidak tinggal lagi daripada
Islam itu kecuali hanya namanya, tidak tinggal
daripada Al Quran itu kecuali hanya tulisannya. Masjidmasjid mereka tersergam indah, tetapi ia kosong
daripada hidayah. Ulama mereka adalah sejahat-jahat
makhluk yang ada di bawah naungan langit. Daripada
merekalah berpunca fitnah, dan kepada merekalah
fitnah itu akan kembali”. (Hadis riwayat Al Baihaqi)
Sekian, wallahu’alam.
Rujukan :
The Future of the Global Muslim Population Projections for
2010-2030: Analysis January 27, 2011. New research by the
US-based Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life. Available
at
http://www.pewforum.org/The-Future-of-the-GlobalMuslim-Population.aspx
3Es – Economist, Economy and Eco-No-Money
By: Bashir Ahmad bin Shabir Ahmad
Tighter Loans by Bank Negara - A Smart Move?
Year 2012 kicked start with a somber mood due to the new guidelines implemented by Bank Negara, which is
to “Strengthen the Monetary Base”. The new regulation imposed peculiarly to tighten the loans application from the
public. It’s started on 18th November 2011 when Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) unveiled new financial guidelines to the
financial institutions hoping to promote prudent, responsible and transparent retail financing practices. The guidelines
commenced on 1st January 2012 and is applicable to home and vehicle financing, credit and charge cards, personal
financing including overdraft facility and financing for the purchase of securities. The table below is the summary of the
new guidelines framework. [1].
Items
Car Loan
Debt Service Ratio
Early Loan Settlement
Financial Institutions
Obligation
Co-operative Banks
Description
Maximum tenure capped at 9 years
Effective Date
18th Nov 2011
Capped at 60% for civil servants. Others, bank to determine
1st Jan 2012
Calculated after tax and EPF statutory deductions. To consider all debt
obligations.
Banks will only be allowed to charge for the cost incurred in
processing the loan and not for profit loss
To provide consumers with information on total repayment amount and
total interest cost & the impact of an increase in the financing rate
Cooperatives Commission will be imposing the similar requirements
1st Jan 2012
July 2012
1st Jan 2012
1st Jan 2012
As predicted, the nightmare begins for banking sector as well as housing industries and automotive players.
Their sales volume started to diminish especially the consumer banking segment and consumer loans. Data released by
Bank Negara showed that loan growth in Nov 2011 moderated further to 12.8% year on year from a 13.1% and 13.8% year
on year growth in October and September 2011 respectively. CIMB Investment Bank analysis projected that total loan
growth to decline up to 9% compared to 13% for same period last year while Maybank Investment Bank reported the total
system loan growth in 2012 is expected to slow further to 9.4% compared to loan growth at 2011 which was at 12.4% [2].
Most dreadful impact goes to local automotive players; Proton and Perodua cried foul over more stringent and
tightening lending which resulted in only 30 percent of applicants successfully obtained their car loans in the first two
months of the year. This worsens when Malaysian Automotive Association (MAA) reported an actual of 25 percent yearon-year decrease in the sales of new vehicles, which fell by 13,833 units to 40,948 units in January 2012. MAA attributed
the significant sales decline due to several reasons and one of it is the stricter hire purchase loan approval process that
is rooting out buyers seemingly unable to afford the cars they are buying [3].
The local properties also seem to ‘cool down’ due to these new guidelines. According to reports, applications
for loans for the purpose of purchasing residential properties contracted 6.3% in January from a growth of 11.3% in December 2011. In light of this situation, Federation of Malaysian Consumers Association (Fomca) Chief Executive Officer,
Datuk Paul Selvaraj is urging the central bank to perhaps ease the loan application process, such as making it easier for
consumers to switch banks if necessary while Real Estate and Housing Developers Association (Rehda) President Datuk
Seri Michael Yam in his statement said that Bank Negara action would distort the economy as the transactions are now
taking a longer time to crystallize as banks are grappling with more data required for processing loan applications and
what’s worse, , the middle-income segment are suffering the most [4].
Bank Negara Malaysia in their press statement has stood firm, maintaining that financing will still be available to
those who are able to repay the loans, announcing no changes to the new financing guidelines. The current household debt
is almost 78 percent of Malaysia’s gross domestic product (GDP), which is considered ‘not healthy’ for economic growth,
has compelled the central bank to stick with their decision. It is agreed that the action taken by central bank is to control
the monetary base especially with the rising of inflation rate and sluggish world economy that is affecting the nation directly. However, their actions were not so apparent. Basically, people got confused with the mixed signal arising from this new
lending rule. The property segment is one of the examples. At one hand, we have this central bank announcing to control
loan applications; while on the other hand, the government is encouraging constructions of more affordable medium-cost
housing by introducing “My First Home Scheme” and “PR1MA” homes to stimulate the demand and supply side.
Therefore, from what is going on currently, it has come to one major question. Does the action of slowing down the
economy would indeed be able to help the market or make it worse? Recently, Bank Negara has revised the economic growth
or GDP forecast from 5% -6% this year to 4%-5%, a significant downward revision that the export-dependent country blamed
on global economic weakness [5]. This is not parallel with government efforts to stimulate the economic growth through 2012
budget tablet in aiming to become a high income country by 2020, which is just around the corner. Till we meet again…
References
[1]New 2012 Financial Guidelines by Bank Negara Malaysia. Retrieved 5 April 2012 from http://1-million-dollar-blog.com/new2012-financial-guidelines-by-bank-negara-Malaysia/
[2] Banks tighten lending rules amid uncertainty. Retrieved 5 April 2012 from
http://biz.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2012/1/4/business/10197682&sec=business
[3] Bank Negara Malaysia Holds Firm on Stricter Lending, Ignores Calls from Proton &
Perodua. Retrieved 8 April 2012 from http://www.livelifedrive.com/malaysia/news/view/1380/bank-negara-malaysia-holdsfirm-On-stricter-lending-ignores-calls-from-proton-perodua
[4]Malaysian banks tighten the screening of loans. Retrieved 10 April 2012 from http://rightways.wordpress.com/2012/03/24/
banks-tighter-screening-of-loans/
[5] Bank Negara cuts economic growth forecast. Retrieved 11 April 2012 from http://www.mmail.com.my/story/bank-negaracuts-economic-growth-forecast
Karya Kreatif
‘Setitis Perjuangan Selautan Keindahan.......’
Sempena Hari Guru 16 Mei 2012
Teringat daku akan suatu memori
tika terdengar kata-kata itu aku terus bangkit
walau tersentuh jiwaku, walau tersentak nadiku
aku tetap menghormatimu
Wahai Pensyarahku...
kau penyumbang ilmu
kau jua inspirasiku
tanpamu aku mungkin jauh
tanpamu aku mungkin jatuh
tidakkan faham apa itu pelajaran
tidakkan mengerti apa itu masa hadapan
Pensyarahku,
Kau tidakkan kulupa
sehebat mana idola negara,
kau lebih hebat berbanding mereka
ilmu diberi tidakkan dipersia
kasih sayangmu tidak ternilai harganya
kadangkala kasihmu melebihi kasih ayahbonda
didikanmu akanku semai hingga ke hujung nyawa
Pensyarahku,
Tidakkan dapat ku balas jasamu
Tidakkan dapat ku cari gantimu
Akhirat jua ku doakan buatmu.....
Kini kusedari.........
Pensyarahku juga ibarat guru,
Tugasnya sama turut mendidikku
Walau tidak semua sama yang kutemu
Namun aku terfikir sejenak
Terbiarkah pensyarahku jika aku tidak menghormatinya?
Berdosakah aku jika aku tidak menyapanya?
Tenaga yang dicurahkan kurasa tetap sama seperti dulu
Kasih sayang dan ajarannya masih tidak berbeza berbanding yang pernah kurasakan dulu
Rupanya Pensyarahku juga adalah guruku
Mendidik, mengajarku kepentingan ilmu dan masa hadapan
Agar menjadi insan berguna
Setelah detik itu baru ku sedari
setiap perjuangan insan-insan yang mendidikku
wajar bagiku,juga wajar bagi semua sahabat-sahabatku diluar sana
menyedari betapa beruntungnya kami mendapat sesuatu darimu
Tunjuk ajar dan kasih seorang guru yang tidak terbalas jua sekali lagi olehku
Ibarat Mutiara yang jauh di dasar lautan yang tidakkan tercapai oleh kudratku
Itulah setitis perjuanganmu
Selautan keindahan kau berikan padaku
Guruku dan juga Pensyarahku.......................
*Hasil
Nukilan
WMZ’
(Buat semua
pendidik
dan Nov
guru)2010
SUCCESSION PLANNING:
PREPARING
TOMORROW’S
LEADERS
1.
Prepared by: Noorazlina Ahmad and Sakinah Mat Zin
Introduction
Succession planning is defined as a dynamic, ongoing
process of systematically recruiting, identifying,
assessing, developing and recognising potential
individuals to meet future organizational strategic
and operational needs (Rothwell et. al, 2005).
Succession planning must be strategically driven
and not simply focused on the selection of specific
leaders or the identification of talented managers or
executives. Rather, it must be focused on creating
a match between the institution’s mission and the
individuals best suited to accomplish the goals and
strategies. In other words, the underlying objective
of succession planning would be to obtain the right
skills at the right place (Fulmer and Conger, 2004).
By matching the potential talents and personalities of
individuals with job descriptions, organisations could
elevate the effectiveness of their recruiting and hiring
practices in addition to developing imminent talents.
2.
Models of Succession Planning
According to Berger and Berger (2004), a succession
programme should be implemented in accordance
with the following strategies:
Find, assess, develop, reward and retain those
employers who greatly exceed the organisation’s
expectations and are the backbone for current
and future organisational success
Identify key position and have back-up positions
in place
Invest resources in employees based on current
and potential contribution to the organisation’s
success
3.
Types of Succession Planning
Family-Owned Business
According to Grassi et. al (2008), family business
owners’ main apprehension is how to encourage an
orderly and affordable succession of the business
to guarantee the future needs of the owner and
his or her spouse especially in their retirement .
Proper planning on the smooth succession during
the owner’s lifetime is very crucial to prevent from
monetary losses and even loss of the business itself
. It is estimated that more than 70 percent of family
owned businesses do not endure the transition from
founder to second generation.
Nevertheless, a business succession plan can be
smooth and profitable if it follows a good planning
within an ample time. There are essentially five
levels to a family business succession plan:
The FIRST LEVEL is to determine the business owner’s long-term goals and objectives for
the family business. Establishing the business
owner’s goals and objectives is necessary to
determine the appropriate financial planning, retirement planning, business planning, business
succession-transition planning, tax planning and
estate planning strategies.
The SECOND LEVEL is to uncover the financial needs of the business owner and his or her
spouse, and to develop a viable plan that ensures
their financial security. If the owner’s goals and
financial needs are out of sync, they will need to
be brought into harmony.
The THIRD LEVEL is to ascertain who will manage the business and to develop the management
team. It is important to recognize that management
and ownership of the business are not the same.
The FOURTH LEVEL is to decide who will own
the business and how to transfer (gift, sell or devide) the owner’s interest in the business to the
“new” owner.
The FIFTH LEVEL is to reduce transfer taxes and
to prepare an appropriate estate plan. Estate taxes alone can claim up to 45 percent of the value
of the business, frequently resulting in a business
having to liquidate or take on debt to keep the
business afloat.
Business with unrelated owners
Directors of an organization produce a succession
plan to make certain that a replacement is available if
an employee leaves or retires. The succession plan
is most significant for upper management positions.
The objective of the plan is to replace the executive
who leaves with an individual who can quickly take
over the job duties of the position. For a succession
plan to succeed, the managers of an organization
must implement the plan before it is necessary
to replace an employee. Formal succession/
replacement program is likely implemented by larger
companies. As a company’s size increases, the
number of key or critical positions also increases,
resulting in mounting pressure to institute formalized
procedures that plan succession processes.
University Succession Planning
Universities are governed by a board of trustees
whose roles and responsibilities are on policy
decisions related to human resources and finance.
The university senate, make policy decisions
on academic matters. Universities, especially
public universities, are non-profit organizations. In
Universities, there are many sources of leadership
and the power of the academics (faculty) gives
rise to shared governance arrangements (Padilla,
2005). Universities value discipline excellent
over administrative skills. Gaither (2002) argued,
academic leadership should be developed based
on the organizational structure of multi-type
institutions, the different expectations of a more
diverse workforce, a flat organizational hierarchy
and on academic quality and excellence.
4.
Conclusion
Based on Leibman et. al (1996), succession planning
helps companies:
assure the continuity of prepared leaders for
key executive positions;
engage the senior management team
in a disciplined process of reviewing the
corporation’s leadership talent; and
put the diversity issue on the corporate
agenda.
Understanding the sources and functions of academic
leadership and appreciating their significance in
the fabric of the university system are critical to
succession planning and institutional success. The
key to succession planning is to recognise potential
and to cultivate excellence in young academics to
become future academics leaders.
References:
Berger, L.A., & Berger, D. A. (2004). The Talent
Management Handbook: Creating Organisational
Excellent by Identifying, Developing and
Promoting Your Best People. New York: McGraw
Hill.
Fulmer, R. M., & Conger J. A. (2004). Developing
Leaders with 20/20 Vision.” Financial Executive,
pp. 38-41
Gaither, G. H. (2002). Developing Leadership Skills
in Academia. Academic Leadership. The Online
Journal. Retrieved 9 December 2010 from www.
academicleadership.org
Leibman, M., Bruer, R. A, Maki, B. R. (1996).
Succession Management: The Next Generation of
Succession Planning Human Resource Planning,
Vol. 19.
Padilla, A. (2005). Potraits in Leadership Wesport, C.T: American Council on Education.
Rothwell, W., Jackson, R., Knight, S., Lindholm, J.,
Wang, W., & Payne, T. (2005). Career Planning
and Succession Management: Developing Your
Organization’s Talent for Today and Tomorrow
Wesport, CT: Greenwood Press/an imprint of
Praeger
Grassi, S. V. & Giarmarco, J. H. (2008). Practical
Succession Planning for the Family-Owned
Business, Journal of Practical Estate Planning;
Feb-March 2008, pp. 39 - 49
by: Jazira bt Anuar
Faculty Hotel and Tourism Management
‘AN APPLE A DAY KEEPS THE DOCTOR AWAY’
When I was small, my mother used to tell me that ‘an apple a day will keep the doctor away’.
So I ate lot of apples without knowing why it is good besides its good taste. Hence, I would like
to grab this opportunity by sharing some justification behind this old proverb.
First and foremost, eating apple may be beneficial for the heart through lowering the level of
cholesterol in heart disease. The pectin found in apples may lower the Low-density lipoprotein
(LDL) or also known as bad cholesterol particles. On top of that, the pectin may also help in the
management of the diabetes through supplying galacturonic acid that lowers the body’s need
for insulin (“Six health benefits of apples,” 2011).
An apple a day resulted to bone protection as well. The phloridzin or flavanoid found in apples
protects post-menopausal women from osteoporosis based on a French researcher study. It
also increases the bone density. In spite of that, apples may also prevent several cancer illnesses such as lung cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer and liver cancer (“10 heatlh benefits of
apples,” 2007).
The richness of fiber in apples assists the digestion process. It ensures smooth bowel movements and prevents constipation and stomach disorders. Last but not least, eating apples play a
part to anemia treatment. Anemia is a symptom where some people may experience a decrease
number of red blood cells or less than the normal quantity of hemoglobin in the blood. This can
be encountered back through the intake of rich iron diet such as in apples. (“Healths benefits
of apple,” n.d.).
To sum it up, this high antioxidant fruit may benefit us with healthy circulatory system and
cells. Let us eat an apple a day starting from today. Till we meet again some other time with
my articles on some other fruits. Have a pleasant day! J
References
Healths benefits of apple. (n.d). Retrieved from http://www.organicfacts.net/health-benefits/fruit/
health-benefits-of-apple.html
Six health benefits pf apples. (2011). Retrieved from http://www.energize.com/six-health-benefitsof-apples/
10 heatlh benefits of apples. (2007). Retrieved from http://www.healthdiaries.com/eatthis/10-healthbenefits-of-apples.html
Classroom Management:
Towards Improving Teaching and Learning Environment
by: Noorazlin binti Ramli
Classroom management is very important aspect to be
concerned in the life of a university in order to improve
teaching and learning environment. The academics
have tremendous influence on the classroom that they
deal with. The styles they employ for management,
teaching and interaction with students differ greatly
and thus the impact on the students’ behavior will also
differ. It is significant that academics and the lecturers
scrutinize the views of their students, because their
views form the basis for any potential adjustment and
development of classroom management techniques.
As quoted by Marzano, Marzano and Pickering (2003),
the classroom management techniques emphasize
that the academics should play various roles in
a typical classroom, but surely one of the most
important is that of classroom manager. They added
that the effective teaching and learning cannot take
place in a poorly managed classroom. If students
are disorderly and disrespectful, and no apparent
rules and procedures guide behavior, chaos becomes
the norm. In these situations, both academics and
students will suffer. Academics struggle to teach,
and students most likely learn much less than they
should. In contrast, Barbetta, Morona and Bicard
(2005) noted that well-managed classrooms provide
an environment in which teaching and learning can
flourish. But a well-managed classroom doesn’t just
appear out of nowhere. It takes a good deal of effort
to create and the person who is most responsible for
creating it is the academics.
According to Al Hamdan (2007), the term classroom
management is no longer exclusively means keeping
order inside the classroom. The concept has developed
to include many other components such as offering the
opportunity for the students to express their views, to
disclose their problems and to exchange opinions with
academics in a comfortable and relaxed atmosphere.
Furthermore, classroom management encompasses
all of the activities and behavioral patterns practiced
by the academics based on a clear set of rules
governing students and academics relations. This
requires that the academics should be skillful in what
he teaches, able to diversify his teaching techniques,
and enhancing students’ develop relationships in
class (Raney,2003).The academics who have problems
with those skill and ability are frequently ineffective
in the classroom, and they often report high level of
stress and symptoms of burnout.
Learning to manage a classroom requires diligence
and careful planning, but it is worth the effort. Once
the classroom is running smoothly, academics will
spend less time disciplining and much more time
teaching and positively interacting with the students.
It shows that the classroom management is very
important to improve the process of teaching and
learning especially in higher institutions and colleges.
Classroom management is very important in the
process of teaching and learning because it can help
the academics to achieve the accurate curriculum
design that has been developed by university system.
This means that effective academics are skilled at
identifying and articulating the proper sequence and
pacing of their content with the proper classroom
management (Pozo, 2002). In addition, Marzano et al.
(2003) revealed that rather than relying totally on the
scope and sequence provided by the textbook given to
the students, the academics will consider the needs of
their students cooperatively and individually. Then, it
assists the academics in determining the content that
requires to be emphasized and the most appropriate
sequencing and presentation of that content. For
example, from my view, the academics should enclose
with highly skilled at constructing and arranging
learning activities that present new knowledge in
different formats such as stories, explanations and
demonstrations. Besides, the academics will be able
to evaluate students in using different media such as
oral presentations, written presentations, simulations
as well as hands-on activities.
Additionally, the effective academics that practicing
proper classroom management can prevent all
discipline problems by keeping students interested
in learning through the use of exciting classroom
activities and materials (Watson, Ackerman, Goodwin
and Parker, 2007). In addition, the academics could
make rules and procedures the priority the first few
days of class and explaining each rule and procedure
with authority, for example the University’s academic
rules and regulations. It includes the passes marks
of particular subject, on-going assessments and
percentages of attendance. By doing that, academics
can effectively enforce their needs for a properly
managed class (Ryan, 2009). It was also believe that
the potential for problems exists beyond academics.
In my own view and experiences, students experience
difficulties at colleges which spill over into the
classroom, students experience problems with peers
during class and in the classroom which often involve
the lecturers, and students experience mood changes
which can generate problems. Thus, the effective
classroom management is to begin the semester by
teaching the students the behaviors and conduct
expected of them in the classroom.
Moreover, the assertive communication style and
behavior could be developed while academics assist
students in positive behaviors in class (Oyinloye,
2010). They will always know what they want their
students to do and the students will involve in the
respective learning activities, under the general
>>
>>
conditions of clearly and explicitly stated assessment’s
requirement. Minter (2008) describes communication
as being a classroom management skill. He notes that
the nature of communication between students and
academics requires wisdom. The academics must
always seek to nourish the sense of love, friendliness,
sympathy and consideration (Oyinloye, 2010). For
example, one of the essential practices that have
been applied is present in the classroom a few minutes
earlier than the time set for the class start. Then,
the academics should walk in smiling and greeting
students, walk around the class, holding brief chats
with them on matters of personal and study concerns,
try to learn from them what they hope for and answer
their queries. Also, the academics or lecturer should
stand where he or she is clearly visible to all and pay
adequate attention to all students, and give clear
instructions as proceeds. Furthermore, the most
important point is that they must learn to perfect
the art of preparing students be productive through
motivation, suspense, keenness to learn and curiosity.
Last but not least, classroom management is
important to aid academics and lecturers are more
enthusiastic about their lessons. When they teach a
lesson and teach as if they love what they are doing
and be interactive with students, it will engage the
students to participate in class (Wong, Harry and
Rosemary, 2005). For example, as my practices in
classroom, the academics have to develop a method
to call on each one of students and don’t let a few
of talkative ones dominate the class. Besides, it is
important to encourage all of students to participate
in lesson and if a student gives a wrong answer,
academics or lecturers will encourage and help
them to succeed by helping them come up with the
correct answer by giving clues, asking questions and
probing them. Then, academics have make sure that
he always thank all students for their participation
in class lessons and also remember to give students
enough wait time to answer the question because
students are all different and some need more time
than others. Engaging students in lectures by moving
around the room, asking questions, and employing
both verbal and nonverbal teaching methods will
ensure that students are paying attention and taking
more from the learning experience than simple
facts. Furthermore, engaging students boosts their
confidence and makes the lesson more effective.
Classroom management are of vital importance for
the academics who are looking for ways to achieve
the accurate curriculum design, accomplish assertive
communication style and behavior among students
and academics, to aid academics and lecturers are
more enthusiastic about their lessons which engage
the students to participate in class and minimize
the discipline problems among students. The ability
of academics to organize classrooms and manage
the behavior of their students is critical to positive
educational outcomes. Comprehensive academics
preparation and professional development in
effective classroom management is therefore needed
to improve outcomes for students in higher education
institution.
References
Al Hamdan, J. (2010).Higher education classroom management: Kuwait University students’ views. College Student
Journal. 15 (4), pp. 565-75.
Barbetta, P., Norona, K. & Bicard, D. (2005). Classroom behavior management: A dozen common mistakes
and what to do instead. Madrid,Spain: Centre for Research in Education and Educational Technology (CREET)
Jack, C (2001). Student Discipline and Classroom Management: Preventing and Managing Discipline Problems in the
Classroom. Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas.
Marzano, R. J, Marzano, J. S. & Pickering, D. J. (2003). Classroom Management That Works: Research-Based Strategies
for Every Teacher.Alexandria: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
Oyinloye, G. O. (2010). Primary School Teachers’ Perception of Classroom Management And Its Influence On Pupils’
Activities. European Journal of Educational Studies. 2(3), pp.21-56.
Pozo, M. L. (2002). An instrument for evaluating classroom management (QCME). Electronic Journal of Research
Educational Psychology and Psychopedagogy. 1(1), pp. 67-94.
Raney, D.(2003). Strategies to Prevent and Reduce Conflict in College Classrooms’, College Teaching, V51 N3 P94-98.
Ryan, C. J. (2009). A study of factors that influence high school athletes to choose a college or university, and a
model for the development of player decisions. College Student Journal. 5(8), pp. 5-8.
Watson, S., Ackerman, M., Goodwin, M. & Parker, K. (2007, February). Improving Instruction for Teacher Candidates
ın Classroom Management and Discipline Issues. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Association
of Colleges for Teacher Education, New York.
Wong, H. K., & Wong, Rosemary, T. (2005). How to Have a Well-Managed Classroom. How to be an effective teacher.
College Teaching Methods & Styles Journal. 4(157). Pp 32-46.
KANSER YANG DIPANDANG REMEH
OLEH SANG PELAKU:
KANSER PARU-PARU - ANDA BOLEH MENJAUHINYA
OLEH: NUR SYAZNI MOHD SHUKRI , JANNAH MUNIRAH MD NOOR, NOR IDALISA & NOR KHAIRIAH
Statistik mengenai Kanser Paru-Paru
Statistik menunjukkan penyakit kanser paru-paru merupakan penyebab utama kematian akibat kanser
di Malaysia. Sejumlah 95% daripada pesakit kanser paru-paru meninggal dunia dalam tempoh lima tahun
selepas diagnosa dilakukan. Daripada jumlah itu, 90% penyebab kanser paru-paru adalah dari amalan
menghisap rokok. Kejadian kanser paru-paru juga tinggi di kalangan orang yang tidak merokok tetapi
terdedah kepada asap rokok (perokok pasif), Kementerian Kesiahatan Malaysia (2010).
Apakah Kanser Paru- Paru?
Kanser paru-paru merupakan pertumbuhan selsel abnormal di dalam paru-paru yang tidak
boleh dikawal. Sel-sel ini tidak dapat mengawal
pembiakannya secara teratur dan menghasilkan
satu ketumbuhan yang disebut tumor.
Jika tumor ini tidak merebak ke bahagian
badan yang lain, ia disebut tumor benigna
(bukan kanser). Sebaliknya, jika tumor tersebut
merebak ke tisu-tisu dan organ-organ yang
berhampiran atau merebak melalui saluran
darah atau limfa ia adalah tumor malignan
(kanser).
Apabila sel kanser ini merebak melalui saluran
limfa membengkak. Apabila ia menyusur
melalui saluran darah ia boleh merebak ke
organ lain khususnya hati, tulang, otak atau
paru-paru yang sebelah.
Apakah Penyebab Kanser Paru-Paru?
Merokok merupakan penyebab utama kanser paru-paru. Asap tembakau mengandungi sebanyak lebih
kurang 4,000 jenis bahan kimia yang berlainan. Sekurang-kurangnya 43 daripada bahan kimia ini diketahui
menyebabkan kanser.
Terdapat juga bukti yang meningkat bahawa asap tembakau di persekitaran boleh menyebabkan kejadian
kanser paru-paru di kalangan orang yang tidak merokok (perokok pasif).
Ruang pekerjaan yang mendedahkan pekerja kepada asbestos dikaitkan dengan peningkataan risiko kanser
paru-paru. Lain-lain jenis pekerjaan yang dikaitkan dengan kanser paru-paru meliputi kerja-kerja yang
berhubung rapat dengan kerja-kerja memproses keluli, nikel, krom, dan gas arang batu.
Tanda-tanda dan Gejala Kanser Paru-Paru
Gejala ini bergantung kepada saiz dan tempat kanser paru-paru itu wujud. Pada peringkat awal, kanser
paru-paru mungkin tidak mempunyai sebarang gejala dan tumor tersebut mungkin ditemui secara tidak
sengaja melalui X-ray dada.
Tanda-tanda biasa ialah:
• Batuk yang berterusan
• Sesak nafas
• Kahak berdarah
• Kurang berat badan
• Sakit dada
• Suara garau
>>
>>
Rawatan Kanser Paru-Paru
Kanser paru-paru selalunya susah dikesan diperingkat awal. Apabila kanser paru-paru didiagnosa, ia sudah
di peringkat yang serius dan ini membuat kejayaan rawatan semakin sukar. Hanya lebih kurang 5% pesakit
kanser paru-paru dapat hidup dan sembuh selepas diagnosa dilakukan.
Kanser paru-paru boleh dirawat melalui tiga kaedah utama, iaitu pembedahan, radioterapi dan kemoterapi.
Jenis rawatan bergantung kepada saiz, keadaan perebakan, dan histologi (jenis sel) kanser paru-paru
tersebut. Kadangkala pesakit memerlukan kombinasi kaedah untuk merawat kanser paru-paru.
Pencegahan Kanser Paru-Paru
Ini boleh dilakukan dengan:
Tidak merokok – Perokok hendaklah berhenti merokok dan orang yang tidak merokok hendaklah menjauhi
diri dari tabiat ini.
Kesan-Kesan Berhenti Merokok Dan Kanser Paru-Paru
Langkah pencegahan yang terbaik yang boleh diambil oleh perokok untuk mengurangkan risiko kanser paruparu ialah berhenti merokok. Berhenti merokok boleh mengurangkan risiko anda mendapat kanser. Lebih
lama tahun anda berhenti bermakna lebih tinggi pengurangan risiko kanser anda.
Sekiranya anda berhenti merokok sekarang, 15 tahun kemudian risiko kanser paru-paru anda adalah sama
dengan orang yang tidak merokok.
Bagaimana Cara Berhenti Merokok?
Tentu ada ketikanya anda memikirkan perlunya berhenti merokok. Mungkin anda pernah mencuba satu dua
kali tetapi tidak berjaya.
Tetapi jangan putus asa. Memang tidak ada cara yang mudah. Seperti semua benda yang bernilai anda
perlu berusaha untuk berjaya.
Inilah Caranya!
• Cara yang didapati paling berkesan untuk berhenti merokok adalah
dengan berhenti serta-merta dan sepenuhnya. Ini bermakna anda
tidak akan merokok langsung selepas membuat keputusan berhenti
merokok.
• Beritahu keluarga dan kawan-kawan anda keputusan anda untuk
berhenti merokok. Dengan sokongan dan galakkan mereka, perkara
ini akan menjadi lebih mudah.
• Buang semua rokok, mancis, pemetik api dan bekas abu rokok.
• Libatkan diri anda dengan hobi atau kegiatan-kegiatan luar seperti
berenang, berjalan, berjoging, dan sebagainya untuk memenuhi
masa lapang anda.
• Minum lebih banyak air dan elakkan minum arak, kopi, dan lain-lain
minuman yang boleh merangsang anda untuk merokok kembali.
• Belajar untuk menolak tawaran merokok daripada kawan atau
orang lain. Jauhi orang-orang yang merokok.
• Banyakkan makan sayur-sayuran dan buah-buahan.
RUJUKAN
• Sekiranya anda mengalami perasaan mahu merokok, cuba tarik
nafas panjang-panjang untuk menenangkan fikiran atau minum air
sejuk atau pergi mandi. Jangan menyerah kepada perasaan dan
menghisap rokok semula.
1. Statistik Kanser Paru- Paru, Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia (2010).
2. Risalah Kanser Paru-Paru , Info Kesihatan Hospital Dungun (2011).
KEPENTINGAN
PERHUBUNGAN
PEMASARAN
Perhubungan merupakan suatu perkara yang amat
penting dalam kehidupan sama ada hubungan
dalam percintaan, kekeluargaan, persahabatan
mahupun dalam perniagaan. Begitu juga dengan
perhubungan pemasaran yang baik dan erat akan
memberi banyak kebaikan kepada setiap individu
terutamanya kepada usahawan-usahawan bagi
mengekalkan pertumbuhan dalam perniagaan
di samping meningkatkan keuntungan dalam
pasaran. Perhubungan pemasaran yang wujud
itu termasuklah perhubungan dengan pelanggan,
pemegang saham, agensi kerajaan, bakal
pelanggan, pembekal, kakitangan kerana mereka ini
memainkan peranan yang penting dalam sesuatu
perniagaan.
Sebagai usahawan, kita sedar dalam dunia
perniagaan yang mencabar ini, kita tidak boleh
hanya mengharap kepada keuntungan dengan
hanya memasarkan barangan atau perkhidmatan.
Ini kerana pesaing-pesaing kita juga memasarkan
produk atau perkhidmatan yang sama. Oleh itu
adalah amat penting bagi memastikan pelanggan
yang ada berpuas hati dengan produk atau
perkhidmatan yang kita tawarkan.
Oleh itu, dengan mengamalkan perhubungan
pemasaran yang baik di mana aktivitinya
memfokuskan kepada memberi perhatian atau
‘cakna’ yang serius kepada pelanggan. Jika
seseorang usahawan itu tidak cakna kepada
pelanggannya sudah pasti mereka tidak akan
menggunakan atau membeli lagi produk atau
perkhidmatan yang ditawarkan. Tanggungjawab ke
arah kecemerlangan pelanggan ini perlu diamalkan
oleh semua kakitangan.
Justeru, di dalam organisasi perniagaan adalah
tidak benar jika hanya kakitangan dalam bahagian
pemasaran yang patut mempunyai hubungan
Oleh:
Mohamad Kamil Ariff Dato’ Khalid
Normala Ismail
pemasaran yang baik kepada pelanggan. Semua
kakitangan sama ada berjawatan ‘CEO’ sehinggalah
pekerja bawahan bertanggungjawab ke atas
pemasaran. Setiap kakitangan perlu menjiwai
dan menjadikannya budaya organisasi dalam
memastikan perhubungan pemasaran menjadi satu
proses membina atau mempertingkatkan hubungan
dengan pelanggan yang sedia ada dan juga kepada
bakal-bakal pelanggan baru kita. Setiap pendekatan
yang kreatif dan berinovatif serta berkualiti bagi
penambahbaikan setiap produk dan perkhidmatan
hendaklah diakhiri dengan tahap kepuasan yang
maksimum kepada pelanggan kita.
Setiap pelanggan yang puas dengan kerja yang kita
jalankan, ianya sudah tentu akan mengeratkan lagi
hubungan kita dengan pelanggan dan akhirnya
menjadikan mereka pelanggan setia dalam
perniagaan kita.
Pada masa yang sama, pelanggan yang setia ini
akan mewar-warkan kepuasan mereka kepada
rakan-rakan dalam jaringan persahabatan mereka
yang akan menyebabkan bakal pelanggan akan
mencuba produk atau perkhidmatan yang kita
jalankan. Mereka juga akan mula membeli produk
atau perkhidmatan yang lain yang dipasarkan oleh
perniagaan kita kerana yakin dengan kehebatan
produk atau perkhidmatan keluaran syarikat.
LAPORAN
SIFE BOOT
CAMP
Disediakan oleh: Suhaily Maizan Abdul Manaf & Wanniey Fatimah Mohamed
SIFE (Student in Free Enterprise) adalah
persatuan pelajar yang melibatkan perkong-
Kampung Besul Baharu, Bukit Besi, Terengganu.
Projek ini masih lagi di peringkat permulaan.
sian global di antara perniagaan dan pendidikan
tinggi. Ia merupakan satu platform yang terbaik
bagi generasi akan datang di dalam aspek keusahawanan dan kepimpinan. Ahli-ahli SIFE terdiri
orang telah menyertai SIFE Boot Camp di UiTM
Pulau Pinang yang telah diadakan pada 6 hingga 8
daripada mahasiswa universiti yang diketuai oleh
Penasihat Fakulti dan Lembaga Penasihat Per-
April 2012. SIFE Boot Camp adalah satu platform
bagi SIFE UiTM Malaysia mencari projek-projek
niagaan Tempatan. Tujuan utama SIFE adalah
memberikan khidmat kepada masyarakat berkenaan projek-projek pembangunan yang mengambil kira ilmu yang dipelajari di dalam kelas,
terutamanya tentang perniagaan. Seterusnya,
menggaplikasikan pengetahuan tersebut dalam
menyelesaikan masalah dunia sebenar. Projekprojek yang dijalankan adalah projek yang dapat
membantu masyarakat setempat dalam menjana
pendapatan individu, ekonomi setempat dan komuniti. Pendedahan terhadap projek yang dibangunkan oleh mahasiswa merangkumi prinsip-prinsip ekonomi pasaran, kemahiran keusahawanan,
pengurusan kewangan, etika perniagaan, dan kemampanan alam sekitar.
yang terbaik melalui pembentangan yang telah
dijalankan oleh SIFE dari kampus Sarawak, Sabah, Terengganu, Shah Alam, Pulau Pinang, dan
Kelantan. SIFE UiTM Terengganu telah membentangkan projek penanaman pisang yang diberi
nama ‘’Mix-Banana”, dengan diiringi oleh seorang
pensyarah pengiring iaitu Cik Nursyazni Mohamad Shukri. Di sana, mereka telah didedahkan
dengan pelbagai projek dari kampus lain dalam
usaha menilai projek yang sesuai bagi mewakili
UiTM ke SIFE National Exposition 2012 pada Julai
ini. Dua orang pembentang dari UiTM Terengganu
telah berjaya menyampaikan perjalanan projek dan hasil yang bakal diperolehi dari projek
tersebut dengan baik sekali. Salah seorang pembentang iaitu Elleena Soraya binti Shamsul Anuar
(BM114-Diploma Analisis Pelaburan bahagian 2)
telah terpilih untuk mewakili SIFE UiTM Malaysia sebagai Q&A Team ke SIFE National Exposition
2012 di Pusat Dagangan Dunia Putra (PWTC) dan
seterusnya ke SIFE World Cup 2012 di Washington
DC pada bulan Julai dan Oktober ini. Beliau dikehendakki menjalani latihan intensif selama dua
bulan bermula pada 15 April 2012 di UiTM Shah
Alam. Tahniah diucapkan dan diharapkan beliau
berjaya hingga ke peringkat antarabangsa.
SIFE UiTM Terengganu telah lama bertapak
di kampus ini. Terkini, ia telah melibatkan sepasukan mahasiswa yang terdiri daripada pelbagai
program dan bahagian dengan dibantu oleh dua
orang penasihat fakulti iaitu Puan Jannah Munirah Mohd Noor dan Puan Suhaily Maizan Abdul
Manaf. Ahli-ahli SIFE telah didedahkan mengenai
pengurusan projek komuniti dan hasil yang mampu menjana pendapatan yang maksimum kepada
kominiti setempat. Projek terbaru yang sedang
dijalankan ialah Projek Penanaman Pisang di
Pasukan SIFE UiTM Terengganu seramai 17
GALERI GAMBAR
SIFE Boot Camp
Tabiat Berbelanja Rakyat Malaysia
Disediakan oleh: Normala Ismail, Mohamad Kamil Ariff Dato’ Khalid
Rakyat Malaysia gemar berbelanja. Keadaan ini sering
berlaku, khasnya apabila tiba sesuatu musim perayaan.
Tidak dinafikan bahawa rakyat di negara ini sangat mudah
tertarik dengan ratusan promosi dan iklan jualan murah
yang menawarkan pelbagai potongan harga yang menarik
dan istimewa. Aliran perbelanjaan mereka pula bukan
sahaja terarah kepada pembelian barangan, tetapi juga
kepada perkhidmatan. Sektor perkhidmatan seperti
industri automotif, pelancongan dan perhotelan turut
memperoleh manfaat akibat daripada sikap rakyat negara
ini yang gemar berbelanja.
Dengan kata lain, tabiat berbelanja memang agak sinonim
dalam kalangan rakyat Malaysia dan keadaan ini terbukti
apabila indikator ekonomi seperti Kecenderungan Marginal
untuk Kepenggunaan [MPC] secara terang–terangan
menunjukkan bahawa rakyat di negara ini mempunyai
kecenderungan berbelanja yang tinggi. Pada tahun 2011
sahaja, nilai MPC Malaysia adalah sebanyak 0.53, yang
ketiga tertinggi selepas negara Indonesia dan India. MPC
merujuk kepada indikator statistik ekonomi yang mengukur
kecenderungan isi rumah berbelanja bagi setiap ringgit
kenaikan dalam pendapatan.
Selain itu, kajian oleh Bank Negara Malaysia mendapati
bahawa tabiat berbelanja dalam kalangan isi rumah negara
ini turut mengalami perubahan. Dahulu, jika mereka gemar
berbelanja terhadap barangan yang berbentuk keperluan,
kini tabiat berbelanja mereka menganjak kepada barangan
bukan keperluan atau perkhidmatan seperti komunikasi,
kebudayaan, rekreasi, restoran dan hotel. Ini bermakna
kegemaran perbelanjaan pengguna terhadap produk bukan
keperluan telah meningkat berbanding dengan produk
keperluan asas. Keadaan ini mungkin berlaku disebabkan
oleh peningkatan dalam pendapatan boleh guna dan faktor–
faktor pengumpulan kekayaan.
Persoalannya, adakah isi rumah yang gemar berbelanja
dapat membantu meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan
pembangunan ekonomi negara? Tambahan pula,
Malaysia merupakan sebuah negara yang mengamalkan
sistem ekonomi terbuka. Sudah semestinya, sebarang
ancaman ekonomi luar seperti inflasi yang diimport
mahupun kelembapan ekonomi dunia akan menjejaskan
dan membantutkan perkembangan ekonomi negara,
terutamanya sektor pembuatan dan pembinaan.
0.7
0.6
0.48
0.5
0.4
0.34
0.50
0.53
0.54
0.58
0.36
Walaubagaimanapun, jika dilihat dari perspektif
perniagaan, kecenderungan berbelanja dalam kalangan
rakyat negara ini jelas menggambarkan bahawa ekonomi
negara mampu menyediakan lebih banyak peluang
perniagaan yang hebat. Hal yang demikian kerana
tabiat berbelanja akan memastikan permintaan yang
berkekalan dan berterusan terhadap barangan dan
perkhidmatan yang dikeluarkan. Sekaligus, keadaan
ini akan mengurangkan kadar pengangguran dengan
mewujudkan lebih banyak peluang pekerjaan sekiranya
para pelabur memilih untuk melaburkan modal mereka
di negara kita dengan mendirikan lebih banyak kilang
sebagai hub pengeluaran mereka. Contohnya, rangkaian
jenama kereta dari negara Jepun dan Eropah di samping
peruncitan hiper yang telah lama wujud di negara kita
ini menyediakan pelbagai peluang pekerjaan mahuppun
perniagaan kepada rakyat Malaysia.
Namun, tabiat berbelanja dalam kalangan pengguna
perlulah berpada–pada. Ia seharusnya dilakukan secara
berhemah dan berimbang bagi mengelakkan pembaziran
akibat daripada terlebih belanja. Setiap isi rumah
perlulah membuat suatu senarai perbelanjaan bulanan
yang tersusun, di samping melakukan pemantauan secara
teliti setiap kali perbelanjaan dilakukan agar tidak
dibebani dengan hutang, khasnya hutang kad kredit yang
berlebihan.
Di samping itu, menurut perspektif ekonomi, terdapat
hubungan tidak langsung antara pendapatan boleh guna
isi rumah dengan tingkat harga sesuatu barangan dan
perkhidmatan. Misalnya, apabila harga produk meningkat
secara berterusan, maka berlakulah inflasi. Peningkatan
kadar inflasi akan menyebabkan pendapatan boleh guna isi
rumah atau nilai wang semakin lama semakin berkurangan.
Justeru, perbelanjaan berhemah sesebuah isi rumah
seharusnya menjadi teras dalam mengukuh dan menjamin
kedudukan kewangan keluarga yang mantap. Malah, kajian
yang dilakukan oleh Institut Penyelidikan Ekonomi Malaysia
[MIER] turut menyokong konsep perbelanjaan berhemah
apabila isi rumah disarankan agar lebih berhati–hati dalam
perbelanjaan mereka disebabkan oleh kenaikan harga
sesuatu barangan dan perkhidmatan.
Akhir sekali, pihak kerajaan juga perlu memainkan
peranan dan tidak ketinggalan dalam usaha memerangi
kos hidup yang semakin meningkat. Hasilnya, kerajaan
telah memperkenalkan Bidang Keberhasilan Utama Negara
[NKRA]. Sekiranya usaha kerajaan ini berjaya, di samping
dapat memperkukuhkan lagi perbelanjaan swasta, maka
sudah tentu pertumbuhan ekonomi yang berlaku mampu
menghalang ancaman kelembapan ekonomi dunia.
0.3
Rujukan:
0.2
Mohd Afzanizam (2012). Rakyat Malaysia gemar berbelanja.
Retrieved
from
http://www.bharian.com.my/articles/
RakyatMalaysiagemarberbelanja/Article/
0.1
0
China
Singapura
Korea
Thailand
Malaysia
India
Indonesia
Kecenderungan untuk berbelanja bagi setiap kenaikan pendapatan
[Sumber: Laporan Bank Negara Malaysia [2011]
ONLINE DOCUMENTS:TIPS FOR IN-TEXT CITATION AND REFERENCE LIST USING APA 6
TH
BY: NURMUSLIMAH KAMILAH ABDULLAH
Generally, when citing information from secondary sources, the writer should follow some guidelines with regards to intext citation and its reference list. The author’s name, year, title of article, digital object identifier (DOI), URL, publishers,
etc must be managed wisely.
The online sources cited by the writer can be in many forms, published or unpublished, such as journal articles, newspapers, newsletter, thesis/dissertation, general online documents, etc. The articles originated from online databases
would not be much of a problem to the writer since it would come together with the author’s name, year, title, name of
the journal, volume & number of issue, page number and DOI or URL. Therefore, in the in-text citation, the surname and
the year would be easily quoted. In addition, the format of the reference list would be as follows:
Author’s name. (year). Title. Name of journal. Volume(issue), page number. Retrieved from
http://www.stateTHEurl or doi:XXXX
Note: no need to put a period (.) after URL or DOI.
Example:
Luqman, A., & Abdullah, N. K. (2011). E-business Adoption amongst SMEs: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach. Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, 16(2), 1-20. Retrieved from
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2011-08/AzyaneeLuqman.pdf
However, some online documents come with and without the author’s name and the year. This kind of secondary sources would be referred to when writing an article which is not really tied to rigorous criteria, such as the newsletter. The
following table shows some examples in citing online documents. It is worthy to mention that the writer only highlights
the common techniques. For details, please refer to the stated general sources.
Details provided from
online document
(/ = with) (X = without)
Author’s
name
/
/
X
X
Year
In-text citation
Note: Author’s(s’) name and the year can be
placed:
1) Both in parentheses
2) Both in-text
3) Author’s(s’) name in-text, year in
parentheses
Reference list
Note:
should be alphabetically listed
/
Abdullah (2011) stated that in practice it is
acceptable to write the problem statement in
paragraphs with basic items to be explained
pertaining to the current situation, the ideal
situation, consequences, and the expected
variables to be studied.
Abdullah, N. K. (2011). Some misunderstood concepts in doing research among the
students. Retrieved from
http://terengganu.uitm.edu.my/images/stories/publication/aug_sept_2011web.pdf
note: the url is only for example
X
In practice it is acceptable to write the problem
statement in paragraphs with basic items to be
explained pertaining to the current situation,
the ideal situation, consequences, and the expected variables to be studied (Abdullah, n.d.).
note: n.d. = no date
Abdullah, N. K. (n.d.). Some misunderstood
concepts in doing research among the students. Retrieved from
http://terengganu.uitm.edu.my/images/stories/publication/aug_sept_2011web.pdf
note: the url is only for example
/
To cite material that you have not read but
that is discussed in another source, refer to
both sources in the text, but include in the
References list only the source that you actually used (“Summary of guidelines,” 2010).
Summary of guidelines for formatting references according to the APA style guide: 6th
Edition. (2010). Retrieved from http://informingscience.org/APA.pdf
X
In practice it is acceptable to write the problem statement in paragraphs with basic items
to be explained pertaining to the current situation, the ideal situation, consequences, and
the expected variables to be studied (“Some
misunderstood concept,” n.d.).
General sources: http://informingscience.org/APA.pdf and
http://www.lib.monash.edu.au/tutorials/citing/apa-a4.pdf
Some misunderstood concepts in doing
research among the students. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://terengganu.uitm.edu.my/images/stories/publication/aug_sept_2011web.pdf
note: the url is only for example
REFERENCES
Summary of guidelines for formatting references according to the APA style guide: 6th Edition. (2010). Retrieved from
http://informingscience.org/APA.pdf
The Importance of Classroom
Management and the Way I
Practice It
by: Fatimah Abd Ghani
In classroom study, effective classroom management
approaches have long been believed critical for students’
achievement gains (Walberg & Paik, 2000). When
classroom management is taken into strict consideration
it can improve teaching and learning environment for
both parties of the educators and learners. Classroom
management is generally envisaged to involve all actions
taken by the teacher to guarantee order and effective
time use during lessons (Doyle, 1986). It is therefore
deem important to ensure that as educator careful and
systematic planning is made each time before lessons are
taken place in the classroom. Emmer & Stough (2001)
pointed out that educators’ ability in organizing classrooms
and their students’ behavior is crucial so as to accomplish
positive educational outcomes which can makes classes
runs smoothly. McCaslin & Good (1992) concluded that
one aspect that has received little consideration is the
impact of classroom management strategies on students’
motivation. In this regard, it is sometimes argued that
learning environments characterized by a high degree
of classroom management may have negative effects,
particularly where educational objectives other than
academic achievement are concerned. Whereas in
study conducted by Sprink & Daniels (2010) stressed
out the importance of knowledge of a full and varied
set of mechanisms is empowering, giving teachers the
confidence to reach even the most difficult of students.
On top of that, for Rice (2003) had raised issues on
the currently raising questions related with educators
whether teachers are made or born? And other questions
raised are the current emphasis on hiring “high-quality
teachers. It is understood that merely talented educators
isn’t sufficient in order to teach and it needs to be
balanced with training to strengthen their potential.”
He realized teachers are the prime factors affecting
student success. Successful teachers or educators
are more aware on the mechanisms in how to handle
students’ behavior. They are also able to give motivation
on students’ achievement which can then foster safe and
nurturing classroom environment. However teachers who
are lacking in both instincts and training are prone to
be panic when encounter with students who misbehave
and are very liable to try to take charge of the students,
hence getting drawn into power struggles. That is why
the need of proper training for the educators is essential
to undergo especially during the early years of teaching
for them so that educators will have more confidence
and are at more ease when teaching or disseminating
knowledge with their students in the classroom. This is
currently practiced whereby new lecturers are send by
the management for Basic Teaching and Learning for
a few days to expose them on the current practices
and techniques on teaching and learning that other
experienced lecturers have used or using.
As for others, Sprink & Daniels (2010) comprehend
what teachers can control in their classrooms which
are firstly structuring whereby teachers can structure
their classroom for success where effective teachers
cautiously arrange their classrooms in ways that
prompt responsible student. Next, teacher can teach
behavioral expectations to students. Effective teachers
explicitly teach students how to behave responsibly
and respectfully to the people surround them. Then
teachers can also observe and supervise their students
continually in class. Effective teachers will monitor
student behavior by physically circulating whenever
possible and visually scrutinizing all parts of the
classroom repeatedly. At all times they also need to
interact positively with students and give attention to
the students needs whenever possible. Finally teachers
will need to correct effortlessly if mistakes are found.
Planning ahead for responses to misbehavior of students
is to ensure that they respond in a brief, calm, and
consistent manner, increasing the chances that the flow
of instruction is sustained.
From my own practice, this is quite similar with the
mentioned researchers which are doing planning in
advance. Therefore, before the beginning of the new
semester I will ensure that I get the latest course outline
for each course that I will be teaching from the main
campus, UiTM Shah Alam. Then I will also check and tally
with other branch campus in UiTM Penang so that the
course that will be taught is standardized for all students
regardless which campus they may study. Next, I will
do my own scheme of work to be handed to students at
the beginning of the first class so that students aware
on what they will be learning throughout the semester.
Students are also given the class assessment on what
they should be expecting and their target for the course
so that they can plan themselves. When the class runs,
before starting each lesson, I always believe in seeking
Allah’s blessings in the very beginning of each lesson. I
will recite Surah Al-Fatihah together with my students.
>>
>>
From here, I believed that students will be more willing and
sincere to learn as they have sought Allah’s blessing first.
Class will start in a quite serene environment and makes
students more eager to learn. For me the students will
not only have blessings by Allah each time, there will also
have more respect and can have better trust in me. I also
practice in giving them freedom of speech. There are free
to voice out and share their opinions in whatever topic they
feel like too and specifically on the topic learned on that
day. If they are too embarrassed to ask in class they can
also make appointments with me and come personally to
my room and discuss. This is important as it can give them
more confidence in them expressing their endless ideas and
thoughts and they will feel good once they can express them
when sometimes no other medium allows them to do so.
My practice in giving students freedom and listening to
their problems is called empathy. Empathy is a construct,
grounded in humanist psychology advocating human needs
and interests with the intent of providing some all-round
basis for personal growth and development, to go on
throughout life in a self-directed manner (Burger, 2006).
The study underlined the importance of empathy as a
crucial motivational concept to be taken into consideration
in student-centered educational systems. Buzkart &
Ozden (2010), study is that empathetic behaviors rather
than academic competencies of teachers have impact
on self report students’ success. The study underlined
the importance of empathy as a crucial motivational
concept to be taken into consideration in studentcentered educational systems. Empathy is believed to be
vital in today’s environment where students can be quite
demanding and likes to be given such attention.
Apart from those practices, I also implement the use of
information technology as to create diversity in teaching.
The use of technology such as doing slide presentation in
power point and some related videos which I had downloaded
from the internet will be shown in class. This can create
more interest to students. Baek, Jung & Kim (2008) had
concluded that six factors which influenced teachers use
technology in their classroom: adapting to external requests
and others’ expectations, deriving attention, using the
basic functions of technology, relieving physical fatigue,
class preparation and management, and using the enhanced
functions of technology. Interestingly, these factors do not
correspond to the common sense theory of instructional
technology. Additionally, we analyzed the patterns of
factors’ scores by teachers’ level of teaching experience.
From this study we deduced that although the majority
of teachers intend to use technology to support teaching
and learning, experienced teachers generally decide to
use technology involuntarily in response to external forces
while teachers with little experience are more likely to
use it on their own will. As for Bruce and Levin (2001),
they suggest that technology can be helpful in classroom
settings by encouraging inquiry, helping communication,
constructing teaching products, and assisting students’
self-expression. Technology is emphasized as a medium for
enhancing classroom teaching. In general, the term
technology shall represent relatively new electronic
media such as computers, video, and the associated
hardware, networks, and software that enable them
to function (Mehlinger & Powers, 2002).
Besides that educators should also look at other
factors such as language barrier among students. A
major finding of the present study is that language
anxiety and achievement are negatively related to
each other. This result is quite consistent with the
previous studies which have shown that students with
higher levels of English Language Anxiety performed
poorly compared to less anxious students (Batumbu
and Erden, 2007; Horwitz, 2001). Na (2007) asserts
that “Usually, high anxiety can make learners
discouraged, lose faith in their abilities, escape from
participating in classroom activities, and even give
up the effort to learn a language well. Therefore, the
learners with high anxiety often get low achievement
makes them more anxious about learning”. Studies
had been conducted by Awan, R.N. et al. (2010) in
examining anxiety in English undergraduate classes in
University of Sargodha, Pakistan. They conclude that
language anxiety and achievement are negatively
related to each other. Female students are less
anxious in learning English as a foreign language
compared to the male students. ‘Speaking in front
of others’ is ranked the major drawbacks of anxiety
which followed by ‘worries about grammatical
mistakes’, ‘pronunciation’ and ‘being unable to
talk spontaneously’. Therefore they had suggested
that teachers need to deal with anxiety-provoking
circumstances carefully. In my own practice I will
do bilingual teaching in class so that students will
understand better. However, when doing assignments
and presentation they are forced to only use English
language so that they practice and have more
confidence in talking in English later on when its
needed especially during their future careers.
With the combined efforts of all factors mentioned,
the appropriate policies, incentives and practices can
be put into place and use accordingly. The approaches
discussed can ensure that educators can acquire the
knowledge and skills in managing classroom efficiently,
therefore maximizing learning opportunities for
all students, preventing unruly behavior and can
respond appropriately to the inappropriate behavior
that predictably will occur. Improving teacher quality
through effective classroom management which
includes behavioral management is a crucial step in
improving outcomes in general and special education
on all students. This certainly proved will lower the
stress level and symptoms of burnt out among the
educators. It can also make them more ready and
confident to teach, as classroom management is
taken care of systematically to make their teaching
more enjoyable.
>>
>>
References:
Awan, R.N., Azher, M., & Anwar, M.N. (2010). An investigation
of Foreign Language Classroom anxiety and its relationship
with students’ achievement. Journal of College Teaching &
Learning, 7(11), 33.
Baek, Y., Jung, J., & Kim, B., (2008). What makes teachers
use technology in the classroom? Exploring the factors
affecting facilitation of technology with a Korean sample.
Computers & Education 50, 224–234
Batumulu, D.Z. & Erden, M. (2007). The relationship between
foreign language anxiety and English Achievement of Yildiz
technical university school of foreign languages preparatory
students. Journal of theory and practice in education, 3 (1),
24-38.
Bruce, B., & Levin, J. (2001). Roles for new technologies
in language arts: inquiry, communication, construction,
and expression. In J. Jenson, J. Flood, D. Lapp, & J. Squire
(Eds.), The handbook for research on teaching the language
arts. NY: Macmillan.
Burger, M.J. (2006). Kisilik (Personality). Istanbul: Kaktus.
Buzkart, T. & Ozden, M.S. (2010). The relationship between
empathetic classroom climate and
students’ success. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences
5, 231–234
Doyle, W. (1986). Classroom organization and management.
In M. C. Wittrock (Ed.), Handbook of research on teaching.
A project of the American Educational Research Association
(pp. 392-431). New York: Macmillan.
Emmer, E.T., & Stough, L.M. (2001). Classroom management :
A critical part of educational psychology with implications for
teacher education. Educational Psychologist, 36(2), 103-112.
Horwitz, E.K. (2001). Language anxiety and achievement.
Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 21, 112-126.
Kunter, M., Baumert, J., Ko¨ller, O. (2007). Effective
classroom management and the development of subjectrelated interest. Learning and Instruction, 17.
McCaslin, M., & Good, T. L. (1992). Compliant cognition:
the misalliance of management and instructional goals in
current school reform. Educational Researcher, 21(3), 4-17.
Mehlinger, H. D., & Powers, S. M. (2002). Technology &
teacher education: A guide for educators and policymakers.
Boston: Houghton Mifflin company.
Na, Z. (2007). A Study of High School Students’ English
Learning Anxiety. The Asian EFL Journal. 9 (3), 22-34.
Rice, J. K. (2003). Teacher quality: Understanding the
effectiveness of teacher attributes. Washington, DC:
Economic Policy Institute.
Sprink, R & Daniels, K (2010). Managing students’ behavior.
Principal Leadership.
Walberg, H. J., & Paik, S. J. (2000). Effective educational
practices, Vol. 3. Geneva, Switzerland: International
Academy of Education/International Bureau of Education.
Patrons
YBhg. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Abdol Samad Nawi
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Baharom Abdul Rahman
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mazidah Puteh
Advisors
Najah Lukman
Fathiyah Ismail
Siti Fatimah Mardiah Hamzah
Chief Editor
Azyanee Luqman
Editors
Sakinah Mat Zin
Wan Maziah Wan Ab. Razak
Nurmuslimah Kamilah Abdullah
A’tiqah Rashidah Abu Samah
Nurul Syuhada Baharuddin
Suhaily Maizan Abdul Manaf
Nur Hazwani Mohamad Roseli
Erratul Shela Eshak
Marha Abdol Ghapar
Hanani Ahmad Fuad
Nur Hayati Abd Rahman
Tismazammi Mustafa
Columnists
Dr. Hj. Zainuddin Zakaria
Anita Md. Shariff
Bashir Ahmad Shabir Ahmad
Layout & Graphics
Abdul Rani Jusoh
All articles should be sent to:
[email protected]