an analysis of the translation of sexual terms in the movie

Transcription

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AN ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSLATION OF SEXUAL TERMS
IN THE MOVIE “THE UGLY TRUTH”
THESIS
Submitted as a Partial of the Requirements for
Sarjana Sastra Degree of English Department
Faculty of Letter and Fine Arts
Sebelas Maret University
By:
NOVIKA TRISKY HARDIKA
C0306006
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LETTERS AND FINE ARTS
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA
2012
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PRONOUNCEMENT
Name : Novika Trisky Hardika
NIM
: C0306006
States truthfully that the thesis entitled “Analysis of Translation Technique
and Quality of Sexual Terms in the Movie Entitled The Ugly Truth” is originally
written by the researcher. It is neither a plagiarism nor made by others. The
statements which do not belong to the researcher are written in quotation and
included within the bibliography.
If in the future it is proved that the reseacher cheats, the researcher is ready
to accept the academic sanction.
Surakarta, May 2nd 2012
The researcher
Novika Trisky Hardika
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MOTTO
God is with me. Nothing to worry.
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DEDICATION
This thesis is dedicated to:
My beloved Papah & Ibu
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
All praise is due to Allah SWT for giving all of the knowledge. I also would like
to say thank you to all of the followings for making all this possible.
1.
Drs. Riyadi Santoso, M.Ed, Ph.D. as the dean of Faculty of Letters and Fine
Arts for approving my thesis.
2.
Drs. Agus Hari, M.A., Ph.D. as the head of English Department for
supporting the completion of my thesis.
3.
Prof. Drs. MR. Nababan, M.Ed, M.A., Ph.D. for being my thesis supervisor
and teaching me the valuable knowledge and skill of translation.
4.
All of my lectures in English Department of UNS, thank you for teaching
and educating me.
5.
My beloved parents, my sisters (mbak Shinta and mbak Shanty), and my
little brother, Shoffin. I thank for all the prayers and supports. I am so happy
to have you all as my family. One day, I will make you proud. I promise.
6.
Love of my life, Sayidillah Akhmad, S.E. Thank you, thank you, thank you.
You are amazing.
7.
Cindy, Ikha, Ayud, Nina, Dian, Faat, Diva, and Elita. You guys are the best
gank ever. Thank you for always supporting me, all the good and bad times
we have been through together.
8.
Mbak Puspa, VIP (mas Itok and Pondra), Tim Mie Ayam. Thank you guys.
You rock!! Lol.
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9.
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My second family, mbak Lina, mbak Ita, mbak Lidya, Mandez. You guys
are crazy. Thank for the warmth and comfort, laugh and cry, friends and
family. I love u. Itu!
10.
My boo (Dila, Lala, Rini, Beka, Ata, Anita, Ima), Vendra, Bimo, Wisnu.,
and all of my ED 06 friends. You guys are awesome. Such a nice class we
had together. My angel in heaven, Wulan. I miss you so much hunny. This
is for you, for us.
11.
The big family of @SELISOLORAYA. Never thought that we have been
through this far. Thank you for all the adventures. Keep going guys. Keep
cycling. Go Green!
12.
All the raters that have made time for filling out my questionnaires and
sharing your knowledge and experience. It means alot.
13.
All the wonderful people that can not be mentioned one by one. Thank you
for making my thesis possible.
Surakarta, May 2nd 2012
The researcher
Novika Trisky Hardika
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE ........................................................................................................................ i
APPROVAL OF THE ADVISOR ............................................................................ ii
APPROVAL OF THE EXAMINERS ...................................................................... iii
PRONOUNCEMENT ................................................................................................ iv
MOTTO ...................................................................................................................... v
DEDICATION ............................................................................................................ vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ........................................................................................... vii
TABLE OF CONTENT ............................................................................................. ix
LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................... xii
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................... xiii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
A. Research Background........................................................................................... 1
B. Research Limitation ............................................................................................. 5
C. Problem Statement ............................................................................................... 5
D. Objectives of the Research ................................................................................... 6
E. Research Benefit .................................................................................................. 6
F. Thesis Organization ............................................................................................. 7
CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Translation ............................................................................................................ 9
B. Translating .......................................................................................................... 10
C. Sexual Terms ...................................................................................................... 11
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D. Subtitle ...............................................................................................................
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E. Translation Technique ........................................................................................ 12
F. Translation Assessment ...................................................................................... 20
G. Summary ............................................................................................................ 21
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Research Type and Design ................................................................................. 23
B. Data and Source of Data ..................................................................................... 24
C. Sampling Technique ........................................................................................... 25
D. Method of Data Collection ................................................................................. 25
E. Technique of Data Analysis................................................................................ 27
F. Research Procedure ............................................................................................. 29
CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS
A. Introduction ......................................................................................................... 31
B. Research Findings and Discussion ...................................................................... 31
1. Classification of Sexual Terms........................................................................ 31
1.1 Sexual Organs ........................................................................................... 32
1.2 Sexual Activities ....................................................................................... 33
1.3 Sexual Orientation .................................................................................... 34
1.4 Sex Characters .......................................................................................... 35
1.5 Sexual Attractions..................................................................................... 35
1.6 Sexual Equipments ................................................................................... 36
1.7 Sexual Emotions ....................................................................................... 36
1.8 Sexual Disease .......................................................................................... 37
2. The Analysis of Translation Techniques Used in the Translaton of Sexual
Terms ................................................................................................................... 37
2.1 Literal ........................................................................................................ 39
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2.2 Adaptation................................................................................................. 41
2.3 Borrowing ................................................................................................. 43
2.4 Calque ....................................................................................................... 47
2.5 Addition .................................................................................................... 49
2.6 Subtraction or Omission or Deletion ........................................................ 51
2.7 Synonym ................................................................................................... 52
2.8 Particularization ........................................................................................ 54
3. The Analysis of Accuracy and Acceptability Level in the Translation of
Sexual Terms .................................................................................................... 55
4.2.3.1 Accuracy ...................................................................................... 59
4.2.3.2 Acceptability................................................................................ 64
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Research Conclucion .......................................................................................... 71
5.2 Suggestion .......................................................................................................... 74
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDICES
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LIST OF TABLES
Tabel 4.1 Sexual Organs .......................................................................................... 32
Tabel 4.2 Sexual Activities ...................................................................................... 33
Tabel 4.3 Sexual Orientation ................................................................................... 34
Tabel 4.4 Sex Character ........................................................................................... 35
Tabel 4.5 Sexual Attractions .................................................................................... 36
Tabel 4.6 Sexual Equipments................................................................................... 36
Tabel 4.7 Sexual Emotions ...................................................................................... 37
Tabel 4.8 Sexual Disease ......................................................................................... 37
Tabel 4.9 Techniques Used to Translate Sexual Terms in Subtitle of the Movie
The Ugly Truth ......................................................................................................... 38
Tabel 4.10 Literal Techniques Used to Translate Sexual Terms ............................. 40
Tabel 4.11 Adaptation Techniques Used to Translate Sexual Terms ...................... 43
Tabel 4.12 Pure Borrowing Techniques Used to Translate Sexual Terms .............. 45
Tabel 4.13 Naturalization Borrowing Techniques Used to Translate Sexual Terms47
Tabel 4.14 Calque Techniques Used to Translate Sexual Terms............................. 49
Tabel 4.15 Addition Techniques Used to Translate Sexual Terms .......................... 50
Tabel 4.16 Subtraction Techniques Used to Translate Sexual Terms ..................... 52
Tabel 4.17 Synonym Techniques Used to Translate Sexual Terms......................... 54
Tabel 4.18 Pure Borrowing Techniques Used to Translate Sexual Terms .............. 55
Tabel 4.19 The Effect of The Translation Techniques and the Level of Accuracy
and Acceptability of the Sexual Terms in the Movie The Ugly Truth ..................... 55
Tabel 4.20 Accuracy Classification of Sexual Terms Translation in The Movie
The Ugly Truth ......................................................................................................... 60
Tabel 4.21 Accuracy Classification
of Sexual
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to userTerms Translation in The Movie
The Ugly Truth ......................................................................................................... 66
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ABSTRACT
Novika Trisky Hardika. 2012. An Analysis of The Translation of Sexual
Terms in the Movie “The Ugly Truth”. Undergraduate Thesis. Surakarta:
English Department. Faculty of Letters and Fine Art, SebelasMaret University.
This research discusses about the translation techniques of sexual terms in
the movie The Ugly Truth and the assessment quality in terms of accuracy and
acceptability.
The research design is descriptive qualitative that uses two kinds of data
sources. The first is in the form of document consisting of the VCD of the movie
The Ugly Truth, script, and subtitle of the movie’s dialogue. The second are from
the closed-ended questionnaires about the assessment quality of the translation
fulfilled by three raters who are competent in the field of translation. There are
102 data obtained from data sources.
There are two results of this research. First is the presence of eight
techniques used in sexual terms translated in the movie. They are literal (37.25%),
adaptation (3.92%), borrowing (24.51%), calque (9.80%), addition (0.98%),
subtraction (9.80%), synonym (12.75%), and particularization (0.98%). The
second is the findings that there are 57 data (55.88%) are accurate, 36 data
(35.29%) are less accurate, and 9 data (8.82%) are inaccurate. There are also 65
data (63.73%) are acceptable, 29 data (28.43%) are less acceptable, and 8 data
(7.84%) are unacceptable.
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AN ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSLATION OF
SEXUAL TERMS
IN THE MOVIE “THE UGLY TRUTH”
Novika Trisky Hardika1
Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, M.A, Ph.D.2
ABSTRACT
2012. An Analysis of The Translation of Sexual Terms in the
Movie “The Ugly Truth”. Undergraduate Thesis. Surakarta:
English Department. Faculty of Letters and Fine Art, SebelasMaret
University.
This research discusses about the translation techniques of sexual
terms in the movie The Ugly Truth and the assessment quality in
terms of accuracy and acceptability.
The research design is descriptive qualitative that uses two kinds of
data sources. The first is in the form of document consisting of the
VCD of the movie The Ugly Truth, script, and subtitle of the
movie’s dialogue. The second are from the closed-ended
questionnaires about the assessment quality of the translation
fulfilled by three raters who are competent in the field of
translation. There are 102 data obtained from data sources.
There are two results of this research. First is the presence of eight
techniques used in sexual terms translated in the movie. They are
literal (37.25%), adaptation (3.92%), borrowing (24.51%), calque
(9.80%), addition (0.98%), subtraction (9.80%), synonym
(12.75%), and particularization (0.98%). The second is the findings
that there are 57 data (55.88%) are accurate, 36 data (35.29%) are
less accurate, and 9 data (8.82%) are inaccurate. There are also 65
data (63.73%) are acceptable, 29 data (28.43%) are less acceptable,
and 8 data (7.84%) are unacceptable.
1
2
Mahasiswa Jurusan Sastra Inggris dengan NIM C0306006
Dosen Pembimbing
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A.
Research Background
It cannot be denied that translation is instrumental in the development of
science and technology today. Lots of texts, books and other written media are
deliberately translated to increase knowledge and support in-depth study of a
science or technology. This is where the role of the translator is very big.
Translator is not only required to be able to change text from one language into
another language, but also to send the right message from the source text into the
target
text.
If
the
translator
cannot
convey
the
message
properly,
misunderstandings are possible to occur.
It does not stop at that point. A translator must also be able to make the
target text as natural as the source text. In order to achieve such results, the
translator needs to learn and understand cultures, the culture of the country of
origin of the source text, and culture of the country of origin of the target text. If
this can be achieved, then the translation result will look natural, not contrived,
and it will be easier to understand because the reader will feel like he is reading
texts originating from its territory.
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As explained by Haltom Basil and Ian Mason (1990: 223) in their book
entitled Discourse and the Translator:
Most obviously, the translator has not only a bilingual ability but also a
bi-cultural vision. Translators mediate between cultures (including
ideologies, moral systems, and socio-political structures), seeking to
overcome those incompatibilities which stand in the way of transfer
meaning.
Therefore, the translator must also understand well the culture of the
languages involved in the translation process when it comes to translate the terms
that are considered sensitive by the target readers for example, sexual term which
is considered taboo and vulgar in Indonesia.
Sex, one word might reveal a lot of questions and statements. Maybe some
people will react indifferently and ordinarily when they hear that “sex” word but
in our environment that still adhered to western cultures, the “sex” word is
considered vulgar and taboo for many people. These days, Indonesia is facing an
intense period of development, those in terms of economic, politic and sociocultural development. One aspect of social changes marked in Indonesia is related
to sex. Teenagers and young people change their attitudes, ideas, and behaviors in
relation to sex. A number of associated social problems have emerged such as
high rates of unplanned teen’s pregnancy, high rates of transmission of Sexually
Transmitted Infections including HIV/AIDS, and a general lack of understanding
about sex. These aspects reveal a lack of a sufficient Sexual and Reproductive
Health Education program across schools of Indonesia. Along with changing
times, much less supported by the introduction of advanced technology, a lot of
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western cultural influences coming into our country and then change the mindset
of people about things that are taboo and vulgar like sex itself.
There are so many elements of western culture coming into our country and
in between cannot escape the element of sex. Novels, music, and movies are some
of the media elements that are more frequently exposed to sex itself. Sex in the
movies for example, is regarded as an important insertion although the film did
not raise the same theme. Although just a kiss or hug affectionately, it can be
separated from the romantic side of sex.
The writer wishes to discuss the sexual terms in the film, is not to highlight
vulgar side of these terms. It is because there is still little discussion about these
terms, they have ambiguous meaning, and Indonesian language only has sexual
terms far fewer than the sexual terms used in the United States that uses English
as their mother language. The sexual terms are also commonly used in medical
science and psychology field. The examples of sexual terms used in medical
science are syphilis, vagina, penis, etc. While, the examples of sexual terms used
in psychology are puberty, pedophilia, sexophobia, etc.
The writer would like to eliminate the slight feeling of taboo and vulgar
terms in discussing sex and a glimpse of it for educational purposes and it is not
due solely to pay attention to the vulgar only. Here are some examples of sexual
terms taken from the movie The Ugly Truth:
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1.
Context
: This utterance is spoken by a saleswoman who is offering
Abby Richter a cocktail dress.
Data number : 048/ TUT/ 00:36:18
SL
: Vag says you're trying too hard.
TL
: Kalau kau perlihatkan, itu tandanya kau putus asa.
The word vag above is a continuation of the vagina that is popular language
in the source language is abbreviated such a manner. Moreover in the subtitle, the
word is adapted and compensated into a new expression. It makes the results of
the translation is acceptable but not accurate.
2.
Context
: Mike Chadway addressed to two sexy girls who walked
with him speaks this utterance.
SL
: I smell threesome.
TL
: Aku mencium threesome.
The word threesome is not changed at all from the source language into the
target language. This is called borrowing, often done if there is no equivalent
word in the target language. The use of this borrowing could be accurate but may
be less acceptable to some people who still lay with the term. Whereas, if it is
described in the Indonesian language it then becomes three people who perform a
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Context
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: Mike Chadway to Abby Richter says the sentence when
they talk about Abby's sex life.
SL
: Abby, what could be more personal than you flicking your
bean?
TL
: Apa yang lebih pribadi dari masturbasi?
The phrase flicking bean in the source language is translated as masturbasi.
This is done because of flicking bean is an idiomatic phrase to masturbasi.
Therefore, the term is acceptable and accurate.
The movie was chosen because the film has a number of data needed to
meet the standards of research data and because the movie does not present many
sex scenes.
B.
Research Limitation
The scope of this research is limited to the analysis of the techniques used
by the translator in translating sexual terms in subtitle of the movie The Ugly
Truth from English into Indonesian language and its quality in terms of accuracy
and acceptability.
C.
Problem Statement
According to the background, thus the researcher made an analysis related
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to the movie The Ugly Truth by raising two questions:
1.
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What techniques does the translator use in translating sexual terms in
subtitle of the movie The Ugly Truth from English into Indonesian
language?
2.
How is the translation quality of sexual terms in subtitle of the movie The
Ugly Truth from English into Indonesian language?
D.
Objectives of the Research
This analysis of sexual terms in subtitle of the movie The Ugly Truth has
two objectives, they are:
1.
to find out the techniques used by the translator in translating sexual terms
in subtitle of the movie The Ugly Truth from English into Indonesian
language.
2.
to find out the translation quality of sexual terms in subtitle of the movie
The Ugly Truth from English into Indonesian language.
E.
Research Benefits
This research is not intended only for the researcher purposes of final
assignment, but it is also expected to be useful to several parties, such as:
1.
Other researcher
This research can be used to add information and reference about the
translation, subtitling, or sexual terms discussed in it for those who need it.
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2.
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The lecturers
This research is expected to be a reference and additional information for
lecturers in the teaching process.
3.
The translator
This research is expected to be the input for translators in translation
techniques apply to sexual terms.
F.
Thesis Organization
1.
Chapter I: INTRODUCTION
It consists of Research Background, Research Limitation, Problem
Statement, Objectives of the Research, Research Benefits, and Thesis
Organization.
2.
Chapter II: LITERATURE REVIEW
It consists of the definition and explanation about Translation, Translating,
Sexual Terms, Subtitle, Translation Technique, Translation Assessments, and
Summary.
3.
Chapter III: RESEARCH METHODOLODY
It consists of Research Type and Design, Data and Source of Data,
Sampling Technique, Method of Data Collection, Technique of Data Analysis,
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and Research Procedure.
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4.
Chapter IV: ANALYSIS
It consists of Introduction and Research Findings and Discussion.
5.
Chapter V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
It consists of Research Conclusion and Suggestion.
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CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
A.
Translation
There is no definite definition of translation. However, some experts try to
give an idea about translation. Bell (1991: 5) suggests that the translation is the
expression in another language (or target language) of what has been expressed in
another, source language, preserving semantic and stylistic equivalence. Catford
(1965: 20) gives simpler definition about translation. He states that translation is
an operation performed on languages; a process of substituting a text in one
language for a text in another. His definition does not cover meaning, style, and
form of the text. It only mentions about the changing of a language into another
language.
Translation can be applied in many manners. Newmark (1991) also believes
that translation is a cover term that comprises any method of transfer, oral or
written, from writing to speech, from speech to writing, or message from one
language to another. This is done by going from the form of the first language to
the form of the second language by way of semantic structure (Larson, 1984).
Therefore, it transfers source language into target language without changing its
meaning, but only its form.
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From the definitions mentioned above, it can be concluded that the
translation is a cover term that comprises method of transferring message from
one language (source language) into another language (target language), oral or
written, preserving semantic and stylistic equivalence. Before finding equivalent
word, phrase, clause, or sentence in target language, a translator needs to analyze
the meaning contained in the form that will be translated (Simatupang, 2000).
Therefore, the translator must be able to convey the message properly and
correctly, with language style that is not rigid so that the readers or the listeners
will feel comfortable to enjoy the result of the translation.
B.
Translating
All products require a process before they can be consumed. So is the
translation, which requires a process to produce it. Translating consists of
reproducing in receptor language the closest equivalent of the source language
message, first in term of meaning and the secondly in term of style (Nida and
Taber, 1974). In other words, it is a process of imitating the meaning of source
text into target text‟s language and style.
Simatupang (2000: 2) describes that translating is transferring meaning of
source language into target language to express it back in target language with
target language‟s forms as natural as possible according to rules applicable in
target language. He emphasizes about the importance of meaning that has to be
delivered by translator from source language into target language.
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It is important to notice that language tends to differ most in generic
terminology, rather than in specific. When translating relatively specific words, it
is usually easier to find a close equivalent (Larson, 1984). This relates to the fact
that specific vocabulary has more exact equivalent in target language rather than
generic vocabulary does.
C.
Sexual Terms
A term, defined in Terminology for Translators— an Implementation of ISO
12620 (2000), can have a range of related meanings depending on the area of
specialization. A term is also identified as technical word because the term can
only be used in certain field. Concerning sexual terms, Fromkin and Rodman in
Tatan Mutakin (2009), state:
“Words relating to sex, sex organs, and natural bodily functions make up a
large part of the set of the taboo words of many cultures. Some languages
have no native words to mean “sexual intercourse” but do borrow such
words from neighboring people. Other languages have many words for this
common and universal act, most of which are considered taboo.”
Newmark (1988) explains that a translator must be careful about translating
the terms directly into the TL, if they already exist but have quite different
functions in the TL culture. Thus, besides understanding translation theory and
technique, translator also has to know each culture (source language culture and
target language culture) so that translator can minimize the problem faced in
translating terms.
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D.
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Subtitle
Subtitle is a text of dialogue description written in television program or
movie that appears onscreen. Luyken et al as cited in Koolstra‟s (The Pros and
Cons of Dubbing and Subtitling) journal state that an advantage of subtitling is
that a subtitled program is more „real‟ and more closely resembles the original
program than a dubbed program, because actors, presenters, etc. are heard with
their own voices (1991).
Koolstra et al, in The Pros and Cons of Dubbing and Subtitling (2002) states
that the language used in subtitles is different from the language used in books:
subtitles comprise colloquial speech instead of written language. Language used
in subtitle is simpler than the language used in books because it usually contains
of daily utterance.
E.
Translation Technique
Translation techniques, which are used to translate subtitle, have an effect
on the translation product in term of its quality. Molina and Albir (2002: 509)
permit that translation techniques are procedures to analyze and classify how
translation equivalence works.
There are techniques used by translator to translate source language into
target language. Translation scholars offer various translation techniques. They
can be applied individually or simultaneously to complement each other. There
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are some translations techniques according to the classified list of translation
techniques as defined:
1.
Literal translation
Literal translation is applied to translate a word or an expression word for
word (Molina and Albir, 2002: 510). In other words, lexical words translated by
using word-to-word. While the structure of grammar and syntax adapted from the
structure of the source language into target language structure. That is as same as
what Wills (1977: 98) explains about this technique that emphasizes the change of
syntactic structure. He calls it as traduction litterale. It means the replacement of
SL syntactic structures, normally on the clause or sentence scale, by TL syntactic
structures which are isomorphic (or near isomorphic) concerning number and type
of speech and are synonymous in terms of content.
For example, cat is kucing in the Indonesian language and should not be
interpreted in more than a small-bodied four-legged animal, and is in a feline
family (Suryawinata, 2003: 40).
2.
Adaptation
Adaptation is the replacement of a ST cultural element with one from the
target culture (Molina and Albir, 2002: 509). For example, as white as snow, is
translated into seputih kapas, not seputih salju because there is no snow in the
target language.
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3.
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Borrowing
Borrowing technique is a translation technique that take a word or
expression straight from another language. It can be pure (without any change) or
it can be naturalized (to to fit the spelling rules in the TL) (Molina and Albir,
2002: 510). It also called as emprunt that is the carry-over of SL lexical lexemes
or lexeme combination into the TL normally without formal or semantic
modification (Wills, 1977: 97). Borrowing technique is applied because the
translator want to show respect for those words or because of TL does not have
the equivalence. There are two types of borrowing, as follow:
a. Transliteration or pure borrowing is a technique of translation that defends the
originality of target language words. For example, keyboard is still translated
directly into keyboard.
b. Naturalization is a translation technique, which the term is borrowed and
modified. For example, calculator is translated into kalkulator of which the
pronunciation and spelling have been modified.
4.
Calque (loan translation)
It is applied to translate phrases or words from source language literally into
target language (Molina and Albir, 2002: 510). Wills (1981) offers more detail
about calque. It is loan translation (linear substitution) of morphologically
analyzable SL syntagms (primarily noun compounds and adjective-nouncollocation) which are often accepted or at least tolerated by the TL community.
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For example, interest rate is translated into tingkat suku bunga.
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5.
Modulation
Modulation involves a shift in perspective and changes the semantics in the
TT, even though the basic meaning of the ST segment remains unchanged
(Munday, 2009: 208). Translator have to understand the source language text then
conveys the message contained in it by changing the angle of view of the phrase,
clause, or sentence so that the resulting translation will feel more natural than if it
is translated literally. It is applied to change the point of view, focus or cognitive
category in relation to the source language text (lexical or structural) (Molina and
Albir, 2002: 509-511). For example, I broke my leg is translated into Kakiku
patah, not Aku mematahkan kakiku.
6.
Transposition
Transposition is applied to change a grammatical category (Molina and
Albir, 2002: 511). It is an option if it is done for only the reasons of style. It
renders an SL element by syntactico-syntagmatic structures, which have the same
meaning but do not correspond formally (because of the change in the class of
words used) (Wills, 1977: 98). For example, a verb in the target language text is
converted into a noun in the target language text.
7.
Addition
This type of addition is not a matter of choice but a necessity (Suryawinata,
2003: 67). For example, the sentence Saya guru in Indonesian language as source
language will be translated as I am a teacher. The addition occurring in that
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example does not make any change of meaning. The addition occurred because of
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differences in grammatical structure of the source language that requires the
presence of the word "am" and "a".
8.
Subtraction or Omission or Deletion
Subtraction means a subtraction in the structural elements in the target
language. Similar to addition, subtraction is a necessity (Suryawinata, 2003: 68).
The subtraction here is the subtraction of the words in the target language. For
example, the sentence You should go home will be translated as Kamu harus
pulang. The word go is subtracted in target language. Translators can also
eliminate phrase, clause, or even a sentence that is considered unimportant.
However, if this is done, it may result the message within a text will not be
conveyed accurately.
9.
Synonym
A synonym is only appropriate where literal translation is not possible and
because the word is not important enough for componential analysis (Newmark,
1988: 84). Synonymy is not only used in one common language, as it is often
found in Indonesian language, but it can also be applied in translating words from
one language into another language. A synonym is a word that has the same or
nearly the same meaning as another word in the language (Duran, 2006:156). For
example, the sentence What a cute baby you’ve got! that will be translated as
Alangkah lucunya bayi Anda! (Suryawinata, 2003: 73).
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10.
Description
Description is a translation technique that is aplied to replace a term or
expression with a description of its form or/ and function (Molina and Albir,
2002: 510). The translation explains the source language. For example, Academy
Award is translated into penghargaan film paling besar di Amerika.
11.
Amplification
It is a translation technique, which makes explicit or paraphrase of implicit
information in source language. It provides implicit information, which is not in
the source text (Molina and Albir, 2002: 509-511). It introduces details that are
not formulated in the source language. For example, Ramadan is translated into
Muslim month of fasting or bulan puasa kaum muslim.
12.
Compensation
It is used when something cannot be translated from source language into
target language, and the meaning that is lost in the translation is expressed
somewhere else in the target language (Molina and Albir, 2002: 509-511). For
example, the sentence Never did he visit his father is translated into Pria itu
sungguh tega tidak menemui ayahnya.
13.
Discursive creation
It is a translation technique applied to establish a temporary equivalence that
user and Albir, 2002: 510). This
is totally unpredictable out of commit
context to(Molina
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technique is applied in order to increase its attractiveness as well. For example,
Sophie Weston‟s novel entitled The Independent Bride that is translated into
Kekasih Pilihan.
14.
Established Equivalent
It is to use a term or expression recognized as an equivalent in the target
language (Molina and Albir, 2002: 509-511). For example, ringtone is translated
into nada dering
15.
Generalization
It is to use a more general or neutral term. It transfers subordinate term in
source language into super ordinate term in target language (Molina and Albir,
2002: 510). It is an opposite technique to particularization. For example, pen
(specific) which is translated into alat tulis (general).
16.
Linguistic Amplification
It is applied by adding linguistic elements into the target language (Molina
and Albir, 2002: 509-511). This technique is commonly used in consecutive
interpreting or dubbing. For example, broken heart is translated into patah hati.
17.
Linguistic Compression
It is a translation technique, which can be applied in simultaneous
interpreting or subtitling by synthesizing linguistic elements in the target language
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(Molina and Albir, 2002: 509-511). For example, Shut your mouth! is translated
into Diam!.
18.
Particularization
It is applied to use a more precise or concrete term (Molina and Albir, 2002:
510). It translates super ordinate word in source language into subordinate word in
target language. It is in opposition to generalization. For example, padi, beras,
nasi are tranlated into rice .
19.
Reduction
It is applied to suppress a source language information item in the target
language (Molina and Albir, 2002: 509-511). It is in opposition to amplification.
For example, Muslim month of fasting or bulan puasa kaum muslim is translated
into Ramadan.
20.
Substitution
It is a translation technique which is applied by changing the elements of
linguistic and paralinguistic (intonations or signs) (Molina and Albir, 2002: 511).
For example, someone shows his two fingers (index finger and middle finger) to
say peace.
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F.
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Translation Assessments
Larson (1984) proposes there are three conditions that have to be fulfilled to
make a good translation. Those three conditions are:
1.
The translation has to apply target language form properly.
2.
The translation has to communicate meaning as much as the source
language does in the same manner as meant by source language speaker to
target language speaker.
3.
The translation has to preserve the dynamic of source text of which source
language speaker obtains the impression.
Nababan (1999) says that translation quality assessment is focused on three
main factors, they are:
1.
The accuracy of transferring message
2.
The accuracy of expressing the message in target language
3.
The naturalness of translation
The explanation above covers all the measurement of translation quality;
they are accuracy, readability, and acceptability. These three features are
important throughout the translation, so the entire translation must be checked for
each one (Larson, 1984).
Accuracy is concerned with the equivalence and appropriation of a
translation in transferring message from source language into target language. In
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translation assessment, it is important to consider whether the contain of the
translation is accurate or not (Simatupang, 2000).
A good translation is a translation which can convey the message of source
text into target text with language form and style as same as target language
culture so that target readers will feel like reading an original text. Where it is
inaccurate, it is defective, either due to the translator‟s ignorance or due to
negligence, or because one or more of the factors is out of focus in relation to the
translator‟s intention (Newmark, 1991).
Toury (1997) states that acceptable translation is the one fulfilling the
requirement of „reading as an original‟ written in the TL and sound natural for the
target reader rather that of „reading as the original‟ in SL. An acceptable
translation is a translation that employs form and style language from target
language, and has diction commonly used and familiar in target language.
G.
Summary
In Sacramento, the producer of a morning show Abby Richter (Katherine
Heigl) is a controller that has a checklist with items about the ideal man for her.
However, she cannot find any man that fulfills her prerequisites. Her show has
problems with the low ratings and the TV direction hires the cynical chauvinist
Mike Chadway (Gerard Butler) that hosts the popular and gross mannish show
"The Ugly Truth" about what men and women really want in a relationship. Abby
has frictions with Mike and he proposes to help her to get her attractive
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neighbour, Colin, who fulfills her checklist; in return, she would support him in
the show. Abby dates Colin but when Mike is invited to participate in the Craig
Ferguson's Late Late Show in San Francisco, they get closer and fall in love for
each other.
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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A.
Research Type and Design
This research is a descriptive qualitative research because the expected
outcome would not be in the form of numbers, but in the form of a description
quality of a translation product, especially in terms of acceptability and accuracy.
Although it used statistical data but this research was qualitative rather than
quantitative research because a descriptive research is a research of which the aim
is to describe something (Malhotra, 2007).
The results from a descriptive research cannot be used as a definitive answer
or to disprove a hypothesis but if the limitations are understood, they can still be a
useful tool in many areas of scientific research.
The design of this research was a case study. It is a study explores an issue
with detailed restrictions, has a depth of data collection, and includes various
sources of information (Moleong, 2000). It also could evolve according to the
situation on the field. This design was only used as an assumption for doing
research. That is why it has to be flexible and open.
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B.
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Data and Source of Data
One of the most important ideas in a research project was data and source of
data. Data are notes about the facts of the phenomenon or circumstance that are
observed or researched. While, source of data is someone or something that the
researcher can obtain information and data s/he needs then.
There are two types of source of data observed in this research, they are:
1.
Document
The documents employed in this research are the VCD of movie The Ugly
Truth, script, and subtitle of the movie's dialogue. The script was found
from a web http://www.script-o-rama.com/movie_scripts/u/the-ugly-truthscript-transcript.html. Moreover, the subtitle was available in the movie
itself. From these documents, the sexual terms were collected.
2.
Informants
There were three raters who are competent in the field of translation would
be asked their opinion about the quality of translations of sexual terms in the
movie The Ugly Truth in term of accuracy and acceptability. Their opinions
are noted in the form of questionnaires.
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C.
Sampling Technique
Sampling is the technique of selecting one or more research subjects as a
representative of the population so that the resulting sample is a representative
population. Therefore, the data used in this research are informative and they
represent the population of the one taken in it. Population, as Zuriah (2007: 116)
explains, is all the data that concern researcher in a scope and time set.
Sampling technique is the way to select sample from population. The
selected data from population are known as sample. This research used total
sampling technique because the data were heterogenic and the researcher did not
take only one or some of the data to represent the population but the data taken
were the whole utterance containing sexual terms in the movie The Ugly Truth.
Each of data included in population could be called as element.
D.
Method of Data Collection
Method of data collection is a procedure that the researcher accomplished in
gathering data for this research. During gathering the data, the researcher had to
do some methods.
According to Djoko Dwiyanto (2010), there are two techniques of data
collection; they are literature study and field study. Literature study is done by
reviewing the written data. Literature study conducted in this research was
reviewing script and subtitle of the movie The Ugly Truth. The researcher needed
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the written data of its script and subtitle so that she could easily read and
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compared its utterance and context with the spoken dialogue in the movie. The
researcher selected all utterance containing sexual dialogue terms from the written
data of the movie script (source language) and subtitle (target language) then
make a note of the data.
In this study, data were collected by direct contact from researcher with the
ground situation. There were two ways taken to collect data, such as:
1.
Observation
The data were examined by watching the whole movie from beginning to
end. This was done to determine and to get the point of its content story The Ugly
Truth and the context of each conversation that is used in this movie.
2.
Questionnaire
This research used closed-ended questionnaire that encourage a simple
answer. The criteria of the raters involved in this research are as follows:
a. Raters agree to participate in this research.
b. Raters have a good ability in mastering source language (English) and target
language (Indonesian language).
c. Raters comprehend about translation theory and technique.
d. Raters have at least one professional experience in translation.
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In questionnaire, raters gave score for each data to find out the accuracy and
acceptability level of the sexual terms translation in form of scale determined as
follows:
Scale
3
2
1
Scale
3
2
1
E.
Description
Accurate
The sexual term translation is equal and appropriate.
Less accurate
The sexual term translation is not clear enough.
Inaccurate
The sexual term translation is not equal and not appropriate.
Description
Acceptable
The sexual term translation is commonly utilized in target language.
Less acceptable
The sexual term translation is infrequently utilized in target language.
Unacceptable
The sexual term translation is certainly not utilized in target language.
Technique of Data Analysis
Data analyses in qualitative research were inductive and sustainable to
generate understanding and concept. After all the data containing sexual terms
were collected, they would be processed again with the following steps:
1.
Classifying the data into smaller groups
The purpose of classifying the data into smaller groups is to make
researcher more easily in analyzing the data based on their function in sentences
that contain that term. After data classified, data were given data number. For
example, data number: 010/ TUT/ 00:37:52. It means that the datum is contained
commit
user at 37th minute and 52nd second.
in the number 10 from the movie The
UglytoTruth
2.
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Adjusting the data with the context of conversation throughout the movie
The data were adjusted from source language and target language one-byone then each pair of data was adjusted again with the context of the conversation
in the movie The Ugly Truth.
3.
Comparing data derived from the subtitle script contained in the movie The
Ugly Truth
After all the data adjusted with the context of the conversation, they were
compared to get assessments in terms of accuracy and acceptability.
4.
Making questionnaire
Questionnaires were constructed and then they were given to the three
raters. In those questionnaires, number scales were created ranging from 3 to 1 to
facilitate the provision of value to the quality of translation of sexual terms in the
movie The Ugly Truth.
5.
Counting and describing the result of the questionnaires
Once the questionnaires were completed giving score by the raters, the score
would be calculated to determine the percentage of translation quality of sexual
terms in the movie. Data were examined using Microsoft Office Excel 2007.
Afterward, the results of the translation quality assessment were analyzed and
described.
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F.
Research Procedure
In this study, the researcher needed to do some procedures that consist of
systematically intellectual activities, among others:
1.
Determining the topic and problem statements
Before the topic determined, source data were examined to find
phenomenon by researcher. After that, the topic was indentified to be examined
and then problem statements were made by the researcher.
2.
Doing research literature
The theories and quotations were collected. They had to relate to the topic
of discussion and formulation of the problem for this research. The research
literature was obtained from some various books and journals related to the topic.
3.
Collecting data
All data were collected from the sources then they were filtered again
become necessary data. The collected data must be also ensured that they were in
accordance with those of the source data. In this stage, it took a few systematic
intellectual methods as has been described before.
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4.
Analyzing data
After all the data of sexual terms were collected and obtained, they were
analyzed in terms of acceptability and accuracy from the raters’ questionnaires
results.
5.
Making conclusions
Conclusions were made from the data analysis that had been done. The
conclusions were acquired from the answers of the problem statements that were
proposed by the researcher before.
6.
Creating report
A report were made after the research finished. That report restrained of the
explanations about the processes and the results of the research. It was written by
using the adjusted applicable provisions.
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CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS
A. Introduction
In this chapter, researcher will analyze and discuss about her findings in this
research to answer the problem statements mentioned in the first chapter about the
translation techniques used by the translator and the translation quality assessment
(accuracy and acceptability) of sexual terms in subtitle of the movie The Ugly
Truth from English into Indonesian language.
B. Research Findings and Discussion
1. Classification of Sexual Terms
This chapter consists of the classification of sexual terms found in the movie
The Ugly Truth. There are eight classifications of sexual terms in the movie. The
first classification is sexual organs, the second classification is sexual activities,
the third classification is sexual orientation, the forth classification is sex
characters, the fifth classification is sexual attractions, the sixth classification is
sexual equipments, the seventh classification is sexual emotions, and the last
classification is sexual disease.
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1.1. Sexual Organs
A sex organ or primary sexual characteristic is any of the anatomical parts
of the body that are involved in sexual reproduction and constitute the
reproductive
system
in
a
complex
organism
(http://en.wikipedia.org/
wiki/Sex_organ). There are twenty-seven sexual organs found in the movie.
Table 4.1 Sexual Organs in the movie The Ugly Truth
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
SL
balls
tits
ass
vagina
breast
butt
breasts
boobies
vagina
vagina
ass
ass
dick
ass
ass
penis
tits
crotch
crotch
cock
cock
cock
cock
cock
cock
penis
penis
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Data Number
001/ TUT/ 00:02:23
005/ TUT/ 00:09:21
006/ TUT/ 00:09:21
013/ TUT/ 00:15:12
031/ TUT/ 00:29:06
032/ TUT/ 00:31:56
044/ TUT/ 00:35:41
046/ TUT/ 00:36:01
047/ TUT/ 00:35:11
048/ TUT/ 00:36:18
049/ TUT/ 00:36:20
050/ TUT/ 00:36:26
051/ TUT/ 00:36:40
052/ TUT/ 00:37:04
061/ TUT/ 00:38:21
064/ TUT/ 00:41:40
065/ TUT/ 00:42:51
066/ TUT/ 00:43:07
067/ TUT/ 00:43:07
084/TUT/ 00:58:33
085/ TUT/ 00:58:49
086/ TUT/ 00:58:49
087/ TUT/ 00:58:55
089/ TUT/ 00:59:00
090/ TUT/ 00:59:01
093/ TUT/ 00:62:10
094/ TUT/ 00:62:58
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1.2. Sexual Activities
It
refers
to
activities
associated
with
sexual
intercourse
(http://www.thefreedictionary.com/sexual+activity). Human sexual activities,
human sexual practices, or human sexual behavior refers to the manner in which
humans experience and express their sexuality. There are forty-seven sexual
activities found in the movie.
Table 4.2 Sexual Activities in the movie The Ugly Truth
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
SL
blowjob
sexual-harassment
sexually harassing
sex
hooking up
had sex
erection
erection
erections
erection
dump-ass
kiss
kiss
puberty
blowjob
threesome
naked
naked
orgasm
orgasm
orgasm
orgasm
orgasm
erection
erection
sexually teasing
flirting
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Data Number
007/ TUT/ 00:09:31
011/ TUT/ 00:13:38
012/ TUT/ 00:13:38
014/ TUT/ 00:16:14
015/ TUT/ 00:17:40
016/ TUT/ 00:17:44
017/ TUT/ 00:17:49
018/ TUT/ 00:17:52
019/ TUT/ 00:17:54
020/ TUT/ 00:17:56
021/ TUT/ 00:18:06
022/ TUT/ 00:18:45
023/ TUT/ 00:18:51
026/ TUT/ 00:21:28
027/ TUT/ 00:25:39
028/ TUT/ 00:28:15
029/ TUT/ 00:29:06
030/ TUT/ 00:28:50
038/ TUT/ 00:34:59
039/ TUT/ 00:35:00
040/ TUT/ 00:35:03
041/ TUT/ 00:35:04
042/ TUT/ 00:35:05
053/ TUT/ 00:37:14
054/ TUT/ 00:37:53
056/ TUT/ 00:38:01
057/ TUT/ 00:38:07
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No.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
SL
Data Number
058/ TUT/ 00:38:08
059/ TUT/ 00:38:09
062/ TUT/ 00:38:24
063/ TUT/ 00:38:46
068/ TUT/ 00:44:15
069/ TUT/ 00:44:18
070/ TUT/ 00:44:22
071/ TUT/ 00:45:49
074/ TUT/ 00:46:43
075/ TUT/ 00:47:07
076/ TUT/ 00:47:18
078/ TUT/ 00:50:29
079/ TUT/ 00:50:32
091/ TUT/ 00:59:06
095/ TUT/ 00:63:26
096/ TUT/ 00:64:06
098/ TUT/ 01:03:15
099/ TUT/ 01:09:48
100/ TUT/ 01:11:16
102/ TUT/ 01:26:19
flirt
flirt
ass-grabbing
turning on
sex
sex
gangbang
have sex
masturbating
flicking bean
have sex
oral sex
oral sex
slept
sexually frustrated
having sex
naked
have sex
had sex
fuck
1.3. Sexual Orientation
Sexual orientation describes an enduring pattern of attraction – emotional,
romantic, sexual, or some combination of these – to the opposite sex, the same
sex,
both,
or
neither,
and
the
genders
that
accompany
them
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_orientation). There is one sexual orientation
found in the movie.
Table 4.3 Sexual Orientation in the movie The Ugly Truth
No.
1.
SL
lesbian
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Data Number
008/ TUT/ 00:10:38
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1.4. Sex Characters
Sex characters are those characteristics (both anatomical and psycologycal)
that
are
strongly
associated
with
one
sex
(http://www.thefreedictionary.com/sex+character).
relative
There
to
are
the
other
eleven
sex
characters found in the movie.
Table 4.4 Sex Characters in the movie The Ugly Truth
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
SL
Data Number
010/ TUT/ 00:12:58
033/ TUT/ 00:33:33
034/ TUT/ 00:33:34
035/ TUT/ 00:33:35
055/ TUT/ 00:37:53
072/ TUT/ 00:46:01
073/ TUT/ 00:46:11
080/ TUT/ 00:58:08
081/ TUT/ 00:58:11
082/ TUT/ 00:58:22
092/ TUT/ 00:59:33
whores
bitch
bitch
bitch
stripper
deviant
deviant
man-whore
man-whore
man-whores
slut
1.5. Sexual Attractions
Sexual attraction or sex appeal is atrraction based on sexual desire or the
quality of arousing such interest. It may be to a person’s looks or movement or to
their
voice
or
smell,
besides
other
factors
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_attraction). There are three sexual attractions
found in the movie.
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Table 4.5 Sexual Attraction in the movie The Ugly Truth
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
SL
hot
hot
hot
slutty
Data Number
009/ TUT/ 00:11:26
024/ TUT/ 00:21:06
025/ TUT/ 00:21:14
083/ TUT/ 00:58:33
1.6. Sexual Equipments
Sexual equipment refers to every tools which are involved to give seduction,
pleasure, and satisfaction in sexual activity. It is also called as sex toy which is an
object or device that is primarily used to facilitate human sexual pleasure
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_toy). The equipment can be wore (such as
underwear, bra, lingerie, bikini, etc) and can be used in sexual activity (such as
vibrator, dildo, etc). There are seven sexual equipments found in the movie.
Table 4.6 Sexual Equipments in the movie The Ugly Truth
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
SL
lingerie
bras
bra.
underwear
brief
vibrator
Data Number
004/ TUT/ 00:09:10
043/ TUT/ 00:35:41
045/ TUT/ 00:35:58
060/ TUT/ 00:38:19
077/ TUT/ 00:47:58
088/ TUT/ 00:58:58
1.7. Sexual Emotions
Sexual emotion is any expression, condition, or action that debouches
sexual passion (such as seduction, lust, etc), emotions involving sex
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Sexual_emotions). There are four sexual
emotions found in the movie.
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Table 4.7 Sexual Emotions in the movie The Ugly Truth
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
SL
lust
seduction
lust
passion
Data Number
036/ TUT/ 00:33:45
037/ TUT/ 00:33:45
097/ TUT/ 01:05:11
101/ TUT/ 01:24:13
1.8. Sexual Disease
It is most commonly caused by bacteria or virus that is transmitted through
sexual contact, or direct contact with any objects that contain a virus disease
(http://www.anneahira.com/penyakit-kelamin.htm). There are two sexual diseases
found in the movie.
Table 4.8 Sexual Diseases in the movie The Ugly Truth
No.
1.
2.
SL
syphilis
syphilis
Data Number
002/ TUT/ 00:02:56
003/ TUT/ 00:02:58
2. The Analysis of Translation Techniques Used in The Translation of Sexual
Terms
From the analysis done by researcher, there are eight translation techniques
used by the translator to translate sexual terms in subtitle of the movie The Ugly
Truth from English into Indonesian language. Most of the techniques are used
because of the limitation of sexual terms in the target language. There are eight
techniques used by the translator to translate the sexual in the movie. They are
literal, adaptation, borrowing, calque, addition, subtraction or omission or
deletion, synonym, and particularization.
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Table 4.9 Techniques Used To Translate Sexual Terms in Subtitle of The
Movie The Ugly Truth
No.
Translation
Techniques
Data Number
Amount
of Data
Percentage
001, 004, 005, 006, 010,
011, 012, 015, 022, 023,
024, 025, 029, 030, 031,
032, 036, 037, 044, 047,
049, 050, 052, 055, 056,
057, 058, 061, 062, 063,
064, 065, 066, 067, 077,
083, 091, 095, 098, 101,
102
41
40.20%
1.
Literal
2.
Adaptation
021, 051, 075
3
2.94%
3.
Borrowing
002, 003, 008, 013, 014,
017, 018, 019, 020, 026,
028, 038, 039, 040, 041,
042, 043, 045, 046, 053,
054, 068, 074, 078, 079,
088, 093, 094
28
27.45%
4.
Calque
007, 016, 027, 070, 071,
076, 097, 100
8
7.84%
5.
Addition
096
1
0.98%
6.
Subtraction or
Omission or
Deletion
048, 059, 069, 087, 090,
092
6
5.88%
7.
Synonym
009, 033, 034, 035, 072,
073, 080, 081, 082, 084,
085, 086, 089
13
12.75%
8.
Particularization
060
1
0.98%
102
100%
TOTAL
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2.1. Literal
This translation is almost the same as the word-to-word. Literal translation
is applied to translate a word or an expression word for word (Molina and Albir,
2002: 510).The difference is in the replacement of grammar structure of the
source language that is adjusted by the target language grammar structure. For
example:
1.
Context
: Abby emphasizes that she knows how to flirt.
SL
: I know how to flirt.
TL
: Aku tahu cara menggoda.
The sexual activity term flirt is translated into menggoda by literal
technique. It is considered equal because in TL the word menggoda is commonly
used. Based on Cambridge Online Dictionary, flirt is to behave as if sexually
attracted to someone, although not seriously (http://dictionary.cambridge.org/
dictionary/british/flirt_1?q=flirt).
2.
Context
: Mike does not like Abby’s trick and tries to avoid it.
SL
: You know what? I wouldn't say that and I wouldn't grab ass.
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TL
: Aku tak akan katakan itu, dan aku juga tak akan memegang
bokong.
The sexual organ term ass is translated into bokong in Indonesian language.
The translation is easy to be understood by the target language readers. The term
ass is also usually translated into pantat. It refers to the fleshy part of the human
body that someone sits on (http://www.thefreedictionary.com/ass).
Forty one sexual terms (40.20% of data) are translated by literal technique.
They consist of 16 sexual organs, 14 sexual activities, 2 sex characters, 3 sexual
attractions, 2 sexual equipments, and 4 sexual emotions.
TABLE 4.10 Literal Techniques Used to Translate Sexual Terms
Sexual Terms
Sexual Organs
Data Number
001/ TUT/ 00:02:23
SL
balls
005/ TUT/ 00:09:21
006/ TUT/ 00:09:22
031/ TUT/ 00:29:06
032/ TUT/ 00:31:56
044/ TUT/ 00:35:41
047/ TUT/ 00:36:01
049/ TUT/ 00:36:20
050/ TUT/ 00:36:26
052/ TUT/ 00:37:04
061/ TUT/ 00:38:21
062/ TUT/ 00:38:24
064/ TUT/ 00:41:40
065/ TUT/ 00:42:51
066/ TUT/ 00:43:07
067/ TUT/ 00:43:55
tits
ass
breast
butt
breast
boobies
ass
ass
ass
ass
ass
penis
tits
crotch
crotch
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TL
keberanian
(bola)
Payudara
bokongmu
dada
bokong
dada
payudara
bokong
bokong
bokong
bokong
bokong
penis
payudara
selakangan
selakangan
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Sexual Terms
Sexual Activities
Data Number
011/ TUT/ 00:13:38
015/ TUT/ 00:17:44
022/ TUT/ 00:18:45
023/ TUT/ 00:18:51
029/ TUT/ 00:28:45
030/ TUT/ 00:28:50
056/ TUT/ 00:38:01
SL
sexualharassment
sexually
harassing
hooking up
kiss
kiss
naked
naked
sexually teasing
057/ TUT/ 00:38:07
058/ TUT/ 00:38:08
063/ TUT/ 00:38:46
091/ TUT/ 00:59:06
095/ TUT/ 01:03:15
102/ TUT/ 01:26:19
flirting
flirt
turning on
slept
naked
fuck
berkencan
cium
cium
telanjang
telanjang
menggoda
secara seksual
menggoda
menggoda
bernafsu
tidur
telanjang
bercinta
Sex Characters
010/ TUT/ 00:12:58
055/ TUT/ 00:37:53
whores
stripper
pelacur
penari telanjang
Sexual Attractions
024/ TUT/ 00: 21:06
025/ TUT/ 00:21:14
083/ TUT/ 00:58:33
hot
hot
slutty
seksi
seksi
seronok
Sexual Equipments
004/ TUT/ 00:09:10
077/ TUT/ 00:47:58
lingerie
brief
pakaian dalam
celana dalam
Sexual Emotions
036/ TUT/ 00:33:45
037/ TUT/ 00:33:46
098/ TUT/ 01:05:11
101/ TUT/ 01:24:13
lust
seduction
lust
passion
nafsu
godaan
nafsu
nafsu
012/ TUT/ 00:13:44
TL
pelecehan
seksual
melecehkan
2.2. Adaptation
Adaptation is a translation technique that replaces the cultural element of a
source langauge with another that is appropriate with the target language.
Adaptation is the replacement of a ST cultural element with one from the target
culture (Molina and Albir, 2002: 509). In this movie, the adaptation technique is
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applied for translating idioms. For examples:
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1.
Context
: On the set, Mike to Georgia. He tries to reveal Georgia and
Larry’s house hold.
SL
: I mean, sure, you could dump his ass but, honey, have you
seen the eligible men in Sacramento? Oh, God.
TL
: Ia bisa kau depak. Tapi apa di Sacramento ini ada pria yang
memenuhi syarat? Astaga.
The idiom above dump his ass is translated into kau depak because in the
target language the target readers accept the translated idiom. The meaning of the
idioms is to not appear (http://www.americanidioms.net/dumb-ass).
2.
Context
: Abby and Mike walk down the street. Mike gives suggestion
to Abby.
SL
: When we ask you how you’re doing, it’s guy code for: "Let
me stick my dick in your ass."
TL
: Saat kami bertanya “apa kabarmu”, itu cuma kode untuk
berhubungan seks.
The idiom let me stick my dick in your ass has berhubungan seks as its
equivalence in Indonesian language. The equivalence is considered as accepted
and easy to be understood by target readers. It is also considered more polite
rather than if it is literally translated. The meaning of the idiom is sexual
intercourse (http://www.thesource4ym.com).
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3.
Context
: Mike throws her a look. Abby catches on. He explains to
Abby and makes her confidence turn up.
SL
: Abby, what could be more personal than you flicking your
bean?
TL
: Apa yang lebih pribadi dari masturbasi?
The use of the idiom is considered accurate and acceptable because the
meaning is conveyed in accordance with what is meant by the character in the
movie. The idiom flicking bean comes from flick the bean that is meant as a form
of masturbation of a female where she massages (flicks) the clitoris (bean)
(http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=flick+the+bean).
Three sexual activity terms (2.94%) are translated by adaptation technique.
TABLE 4.11 Adaptation Techniques Used to Translate Sexual Terms
Sexual Terms
Sexual Activities
Data Number
021/ TUT/ 00:18:06
051/ TUT/ 00:36:40
075/ TUT/ 00:47:07
SL
dump-ass
stick my dick in
your ass
flicking
your
bean
TL
depak
berhubungan
seks
masturbasi
2.3. Borrowing
Borrowing technique is a translation technique that take a word or
expression straight from another language. It can be pure (without any change) or
it can be naturalized (to to fit the spelling rules in the TL) (Molina and Albir,
2002: 510). It is usually performed because of the limited terms owned by the
target language.
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a. Pure borrowing
Transliteration or pure borrowing is a technique of translation that defends
the originality of target language words. For examples:
1.
Context
: Mike Chadway, in his TV program namely The Ugly Truth,
answers Abby’s phone call.
SL
: You're a lesbian.
TL
: Kau lesbian.
The word lesbian is translated the same as lesbian. The source language
word is borrowed exactly the same withouth changing its structure. Only the
pronounciation is adjusted with the target language vowel, from /ˈlɛ zbɪ ən/ into
/lésbian/. The word may be used as a noun, to refer to women who identify
themselves or who are characterized by others as having the primary attribute of
female homosexuality (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesbian). Otherwise, it is an
adjective, to describe characteristics of an object or activity related to female
same-sex desire. The word also sounds familiar among the target readers.
2.
Context
: Mike holds two sexy girls in his arms while entering studio’s
door.
SL
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: Chemistry. I smell threesome.
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TL
The word threesome is borrowed precisely from source language into target
language. It does not change any of its structure or pronunciation. The word
threesome refers to an occasion on which three people engage in sexual activity
together (http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/threesome?q=threesome).
Nine sexual terms (8.82%) are translated by applying pure borrowing
technique. They consist of 4 sexual organs, 1 sexual activity, 1 sexual orientation,
and 3 sexual equipments.
TABLE 4.12 Pure Borrowing Techniques Used to Translate Sexual Terms
Sexual Terms
Sexual Organs
Data Number
013/ TUT/ 00:15:12
046/ TUT/ 00:35:11
093/ TUT/ 01:02:10
094/ TUT/ 00:62:58
SL
vagina
vagina
penis
penis
TL
vagina
vagina
penis
penis
Sexual Activity
028/ TUT/ 00:28:15
threesome
threesome
Sexual Orientation
008/ TUT/ 00:10:38
lesbian
lesbian
Sexual Equipments
043/ TUT/ 00:35:41
045/ TUT/ 00:35:58
088/ TUT/ 00:58:58
bras
bra
vibrator
bra
bra
vibrator
b. Naturalization
Naturalization borrowing is a tranlation technique of which the term is
borrowed and modified. For examples:
1.
Context
: Mike Chadway explains in Larry and Georgia’s TV program
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SL
: It's about social pressure,status and sex. If it weren't for these
three things,men and women wouldn't even speak.
TL
: Itu hanya soal tekanan sosial, status, dan seks. Jika bukan
karena hal ini, pria dan wanita tak akan bicara.
The word sex is borrowed by the target language, and then the spell is
adjusted into seks in Indonesian language. The changing does not have any deal
with the meaning and the pronunciation. The word sex refers to the property or
quality by which organisms are classified as female or male on the basis of their
reproductive organs and functions (http://www.thefreedictionary.com/sex)
2.
Context
: In the control room, Abby looks like she’s going to pass out.
SL
: She just said "erection" on television.
TL
: Dia baru saja bilang „ereksi‟ di televisi.
The word erection is translated as ereksi. The spelling of the word changed
from the source language into the target language. In the Indonesian language,
words in foreign languages that have the suffix -ion will be replaced by the suffix
-si. For examples; erosion will be translated into the word erosi, navigation will
be translated into navigasi, adaptation will be translated into adaptasi, and so on.
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The word erection refers to the arousal of sexual desires in preparation for sexual
behavior (http://www.thefreedictionary.com/erection).
Nineteen sexual terms (18.63%) are translated by naturalization borrowing
technique. They consists of 17 sexual activities and 2 sexual diseases.
TABLE 4.13 Naturalization Borrowing Techniques Used to Translate
Sexual Terms
Sexual Terms
Sexual Activities
Sexual Disease
Data Number
014/ TUT/ 00:16:14
017/ TUT/ 00:17:49
018/ TUT/ 00:17:52
019/ TUT/ 00:17:54
020/ TUT/ 00:17:56
026/ TUT/ 00:21:28
038/ TUT/ 00:34:59
039/ TUT/ 00:35:00
040/ TUT/ 00:35:03
041/ TUT/ 00:35:03
042/ TUT/ 00:35:04
053/ TUT/ 00:37:14
054/ TUT/ 00:37:16
068/ TUT/ 00:44:15
074/ TUT/ 00:46:43
078/ TUT/ 00:50:29
SL
sex
erection
erection
erection
erection
puberty
orgasm
orgasm
orgasm
orgasm
orgasm
erection
erection
sex
masturbating
implants
079/ TUT/ 00:50:32
oral sex
TL
seks
ereksi
ereksi
ereksi
ereksi
puber
orgasme
orgasme
orgasme
orgasme
orgasme
ereksi
ereksi
seks
masturbasi
operasi
implantasi
oral seks
002/ TUT/ 00:02:56
003/ TUT/ 00:02:58
syphilis
syphilis
sipilis
sipilis
2.4. Calque
It is applied to translate phrases or words from source language literally into
target language (Molina and Albir, 2002: 510). This technique is usually used to
translate the term of source language that has equivalent term in the target
language. For examples:
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1.
Context
: Mike lights a match and tosses it on the books, setting them
ablaze. Then opens up his jacket and takes out a stick with a
marshmallow. Begins roasting the marshmallow on the
flame.
SL
: So you wanna win a man over,you don't need 10 steps. You
need one and it’s called a blowjob.
TL
: Jika ingin dapatkan lelaki, tak butuh sepuluh langkah. Cukup
satu. Namanya adalah oral seks.
The term blowjob in the source language is translated into oral seks. In the
Oxford Online Dictionary, the word blowjob is regarded as vulgar slang and is
defined as an act of fellatio that is in the target language more commonly known
as oral seks (http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/blow%2Bjob?q=blowjob).
2.
Context
: A cage of randy Bonobos getting it on. Mike, in a gorilla suit,
does a segment, explains about Bonobos, a kind of monkey,
and how they live.
SL
: In fact, when they come upon a new food source they have a
gangbang in order to decrease tension.
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TL
: Bahkan, jika mereka menemukan sumber makanan baru,
mereka lakukan seks masal untuk redakan ketegangan.
The term gangbang in the source language is translated into seks masal.
Oxford Online Dictionary defines gangbang as the successive rape of one person
by a group of people or a sexual orgy involving changes of partners, which are in
the
target
language
it
can
be
simplified
into
seks
masal
(http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/gang%2Bbang?q=gangbang).
Eight sexual activity terms (7.84%) are translated by applying calque
technique.
TABLE 4.14 Calque Techniques Used to Translate Sexual Terms
Sexual Terms
Sexual Activities
Data Number
007/ TUT/ 00:09:31
016/ TUT/ 00:17:44
SL
blowjob
had sex
027/ TUT/ 00:25:39
070/ TUT/ 00:44:22
071/ TUT/ 00:45:49
blowjob
gangbang
have sex
076/ TUT/ 00:47:18
097/ TUT/ 01:04:05
have sex
have sex
100/ TUT/ 01:11:16
had sex
TL
oral seks
berhubungan
seks
oral seks
seks massal
berhubungan
seks
bercinta
berhubungan
seks
berhubungan
seks
2.5. Addition
The addition here is the addition of the words in the target language because
it needs to. This type of addition is not a matter of choice but a necessity
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(Suryawinata, 2003: 67). There is only one sexual term (0.98%) which is
translated by applying addition technique.
1.
Context
: Mike practices being interviewed by Craig Ferguson.
SL
: She thinks I'm a genius on days when she's not sexually
frustrated.
TL
: Dia anggap aku jenius jika tak sedang frustasi pada
kehidupan seksualnya.
The verb phrase sexually frustrated is translated as frustasi pada kehidupan
seksualnya. The addition occuring in that translation does not make any change of
meaning. The meaning of the utterance is a person who is generally stressed out
or frustrated due to either lack of sex/sexual encounters or due to bad sex
(http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=sexually%20frustrated).
The
addition occured because of the differences in the source language grammatical
structure that required the presence of the words pada and kehidupan. It is not the
matter of choice but a necessity.
TABLE 4.15 Addition Techniques Used to Translate Sexual Terms
Sexual Terms
Sexual Activity
Data Number
096/ TUT/ 01:03:26
SL
sexually
frustrated
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TL
frustasi
pada
kehidupan
seksualnya
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2.6. Substraction or Omission or Deletion
Deletion means an omission of word or part of a text of SL in the text of TL
(Suryawinata, 2003: 75). This technique occurs when the SL word is considered
less important and difficult to translate. The translator applies deletion technique
in order to avoid producing a confusing translation for the target readers. Deletion
in the data above is used because it was considered less important and it does not
reduce the message.
1.
Context
: Mike gives advice to Abby about her apperance.
SL
: Vagina says you're trying too hard.
TL
: Kalau kau perlihatkan, itu tandanya kau putus asa.
The word vagina is omitted for reason of modesty contained in the target
language. The word vagina refers to the muscular tube leading from the external
genitals to the cervix of the uterus in women and most female mammals
(http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/vagina?q=vagina).
It
is
refined
eliminating the word without changing the meaning conveyed in the sentence.
2.
Context
: Mike does not believe Abby’s ability in flirting.
SL
: You know how to flirt?
TL
: Kau tahu?
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The word is omitted for reason of repetition of the same word in the
previous sentence. The omission is considered to be accurate but less acceptable.
It has been found not to reduce the message of the sentence but less acceptable
because of the word can be translated as menggoda. The word flirt refers to
behaviour as though sexually attracted to someone, but playfully rather than with
serious intentions (http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/flirt).
Six sexual terms (5.88%) are translated by applying substraction technique.
They consist of 3 sexual organs, 2 sexual activities, and 1 sex character.
TABLE 4.16 Subtraction Techniques Used to Translate Sexual Terms
Sexual Terms
Sexual Organs
Data Number
048/ TUT/ 00:36:18
087/ TUT/ 00:58:55
090/ TUT/ 00:59:01
SL
vagina
cock
cock
TL
-
Sexual Activities
059/ TUT/ 00:38:09
069/ TUT/ 00:44:18
flirt
sex
-
Sex Character
092/ TUT/ 00:59:33
slut
-
2.7. Synonym
A synonym is only appropriate where literal translation is not possible and
because the word is not important enough for componential analysis (Newmark,
1988: 84). For examples:
1.
Context
: Abby does not agree with Mike’s opinion.
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SL
: Colin would never be a bitch.
TL
: Collin tak akan pernah jadi budak.
The word bitch is translated as budak. Literally, bitch is defined as a pelacur
but in the example above translator does not translate that way. The word bitch
refers to one's unwilling sexual partner, usually referring to male-on-male rape
(http://onlineslangdictionary.com/meaning-definition-of/bitch). Translator prefers
the word budak that is considered less acceptable and inaccuracy.
2.
Context
: Mike gives suggestion to Abby about what she needs to do
toward Collin.
SL
: But then show him that beneath that control-freak exterior of
yours that there's a sexual deviant waiting to be unleashed.
TL
: Lalu tunjukkan bahwa di balik sikapmu yang suka mengatur,
tersembunyi orang gila seks yang menunggu untuk
dibebaskan.
The noun phrase a sexual deviant is translated into orang gila seks. If a
sexual deviant is translated into the target language literally, it will be orang yang
menyimpang secara seksual. The word deviant refers to somebody with a
particularly disturbing sexual preference or straying abnormally far from the
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result is considered as less acceptable because of the message is not well
conveyed.
Thirtteen sexual terms (12.75%) are translated by applying synonym
technique. They consist of 4 sexual organs, 8 sex characters, and 1 sexual
emotion.
TABLE 4.17 Synonym Techniques Used to Translate Sexual Terms
Sexual Terms
Sexual Organs
Data Number
084/ TUT/ 00:58:33
085/ TUT/ 00:58:46
086/ TUT/ 00:58:49
089/ TUT/ 00:59:00
SL
cock
cock
cock
cock
TL
penis
penis
penis
penis
Sex Character
033/ TUT/ 00:33:33
034/ TUT/ 00:33:34
035/ TUT/ 00:33:35
072/ TUT/ 00:46:11
073/ TUT/ 00:46:11
080/ TUT/ 00:58:08
081/ TUT/ 00:58:11
082/ TUT/ 00:58:33
bitch
bitch
bitch
deviant
deviant
man-whore
man-whore
man-whore
budak
budak
budak
orang gila
gila
gigolo
gigolo
gigolo
Sexual Emotion
009/ TUT/ 00:11:26
hot
cantik
2.8. Particularization
It is applied to use a more precise or concrete term (Molina and Albir, 2002:
510). It transfers super ordinate term in source language into subordinate term in
target language. It is in opposition to generalization. There is only one sexual
equipment term (0.98%) which is translated by applying particularization
technique. It is:
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1.
Context
: Abby tries to flirt Mike with her trick. She acts like a guy
flirting to a girl.
SL
: Hey, babe, you wearing any underwear?
TL
: Hai sayang, kau pakai celana dalam?
The word underwear is a superordinate of the word celana dalam or panties
in the source language that acts as a subordinate. The word underwear refers to
undergarments some people wear under their outer clothing, consisting of bra
and
panties
for
women
or
shorts
and
T-shirts
for
men
(http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=underwear).
TABLE 4.18 Particularization Techniques Used to Translate
Sexual Terms
Sexual Terms
Sexual Equipment
Data Number
060/ TUT/ 00:38:19
SL
underwear
TL
celana dalam
3. The Analysis of Accuracy and Acceptability Level in The Translation of
Sexual Terms
Researcher measured accuracy and acceptability by questionnairing three
raters who have criterias as mentioned in the previous chapter. They are
symbolized as R1, R2, and R3. This research used closed-ended questionnaire
with scale from 3, 2, and 1.
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Table 4.19 The Effect of The Translation Techniques and the Level of Accuracy and Acceptability of the Sexual Terms in the
Movie The Ugly Truth
Translation
Accurate
Data
Quality
Technique
Literal
Total/Percentage
Adaptation
Total/Percentage
004, 005,
006, 011,
015, 022,
023, 024,
025, 029,
031, 036,
050, 052,
055, 057,
058, 063,
064, 065,
066, 067,
077, 083,
098, 101
26
(63.41%)
075
1
(33.33%)
Less
Accurate
Data
Inaccurate
Data
Acceptable
Data
Less
Acceptable
Data
001, 010, 012,
030, 032, 037,
044, 047, 049,
056, 061, 062,
091, 095, 102
001, 004, 005,
006, 010, 011,
022, 023, 029,
030, 031, 036,
037, 044, 047,
050, 052, 055,
057, 058, 061,
062, 063, 064,
066, 067, 095,
098, 101, 102
012, 015,
024, 025,
032, 049,
056, 065,
077, 083, 091
15
(36.59%)
30
(73.17%)
11
(26.83%)
021, 051
2
(66.67%)
075
1
(33.33%)
021, 051
2
(66.67%)
Unacceptabl
e
Data
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Translation
Accurate
Data
Quality
Technique
Borrowing
Total/Percentage
Calque
Total/Percentage
Addition
Total/Percentage
Less
Accurate
Data
008, 014, 017,
018, 019, 020,
026, 028, 038, 002, 003, 013,
039, 040, 041, 043, 046, 078,
042, 045, 053,
093
054, 068, 074,
079, 088, 094
21
(75%)
7
(25%)
007, 027, 097, 016, 070, 071,
099, 100
076
5
4
(55.56%)
(44.44%)
096
1
(100%)
Inaccurate
Data
Acceptable
Data
002, 003, 008,
014, 017, 018,
019, 020, 026,
040, 041, 042,
043, 045, 046,
053, 054, 068,
074, 079, 088,
094
22
(78.57%)
007, 027, 097
3
(33.33%)
096
1
(100%)
Less
Acceptable
Data
Unacceptabl
e
Data
013, 038, 039,
078, 093
028
5
(17.86%)
1
(3.57%)
016, 071, 076,
099, 100
5
(55.56%)
070
1
(11.11%)
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048
Subtraction
1
(16.67%)
Total/Percentage
Translation
Quality
Technique
Accurate
Data
084, 085, 086
Synonym
Total/Percentage
3
(23.08%)
Less
Accurate
Data
059, 069, 087,
090, 092
5
(83.33%)
048
059, 092
069, 087, 090
1
(16.67%)
2
(33.33%)
Inaccurate
Data
Acceptable
Data
Less
Acceptable
Data
3
(50%)
Unacceptabl
e
080, 081, 082,
084, 085, 086
6
(46.15%)
009, 072, 073,
089
4
(30.77%)
009, 072, 080, 033, 034, 035,
081, 082, 089
073
6
4
(46.15%)
(30.77%)
060
1
(100%)
Particularization
Total/Percentage
Data
033, 034, 035
3
(23.08%)
060
1
(100%)
3.1. Accuracy
The
accuracy
assesment
of
sexual
terms
translation
used
in
the
questionnai
digilib.uns.ac.id
re is based on the following scale and description.
Scale
3
2
1
Description
Accurate
The sexual terms translation is equal and appropriate.
Less accurate
The sexual terms translation is not clear enough and less expressive.
Inaccurate
The sexual terms translation is not equal and not appropriate.
The accuracy level of sexual terms translation in the movie The Ugly Truth
is obtained from the average scale of each data provided by three raters. The
average scale of each data will be processed again and then they will be calculated
to acquire the total average overall.
The accuracy level of sexual terms translation can be classified as follows:
a.
Classification A
The sexual terms translation is acurate if the average scale of data ranging
from 2.4 to 3.0
b.
Classification B
The sexual terms translation is less acurate if the average scale of data
ranging from 1.7 to 2.3
c.
Classification C
The sexual terms translation is inacurate if the average scale of data ranging
from 1.0 to 1.6
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TABLE 4.20 ACCURACY CLASSIFICATION OF SEXUAL TERMS
TRANSLATION IN THE MOVIE THE UGLY TRUTH
No.
Classification
Data Numbers
Total
Percentage
A
004, 005, 006, 007, 008,
011, 014, 015, 017, 018,
019, 020, 022, 023, 024,
025, 026, 027, 028, 029,
031, 036, 038, 039, 040,
041, 042, 045, 050, 052,
053, 054, 055, 057, 058,
063, 064, 065, 066, 067,
068, 074, 075, 077, 079,
083, 084, 085, 086, 088,
094, 096, 097, 098, 099,
100, 101
57
55.88%
2.
B
001, 002, 003, 009, 010,
012, 013, 016, 021, 030,
032, 037, 043, 044, 046,
047, 048, 049, 051, 056,
060, 061, 062, 070, 071,
072, 076, 078, 080, 081,
082, 089, 091, 093, 095,
102
36
35.29%
3.
C
033, 034, 035, 059, 069,
073, 087, 090, 092
9
8.82%
102
100%
1.
TOTAL
From the classification table above, it can be seen that the classification A, a
total of 57 sexual terms data (55.88%) are regarded as accurate. On the
classification B, 36 sexual terms data (35.29%) are considered less accurate
translation. The rest 9 sexual terms data (8.82%) are translated inaccurately.
3.1.1. Classification A
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The data included in this classification is accurately and appropriately
translated with an average scale of 2.4 to 3.0. In this classification, there are 57
sexual terms of data or approximately 55.88%. For example:
Context
: Abby asks to all the person in the meeting room because she feels
insulted by Mike’s words.
SL
: Were you all not there last year for our sexual harassment
meeting?
TL
: Apa kalian tak datang waktu rapat tentang pelecehan seksual?
The data is translated correctly since the target language has an equivalent
for the term. Sexual harassment, which is translated into pelecehan seksual, is
also considered accurate because of the translation is appropriate to the context,
and it does not reduce any expression to be conveyed. The meaning of those
words are harrassment (typically of a woman) in a workplace, or other
professional or social situation, involving the making of unwanted sexual advance
or
obscene
remarks
(http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/sexual%2B
harassment?q=sexual+harassment).
From 57 data considered accurate by the raters, there are 26 data (45.61%)
translated using literal technique, 21 data (36.84%) applied borrowing technique,
5 data (8.77%) used calque technique, 3 data (5.26%) translated by synonym
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technique, 1 data (1.75%) applied adaptation technique, and 1 data (1.75%) used
addition technique.
57 data considered accurate by the raters consist of 32 sexual activities
(56.14%), 13 sexual organs (22.81%), 4 sexual equipments (7.02%), 3 sexual
attractions (5.26%), 3 sexual emotions (5.26%), and 1 sexual orientation (1.75%),
1 sex character (1.75%).
3.1.2. Classification B
Classificarion B consists of data that has a scale on average from 1.7 to 2.3.
In this classification, there were 36 data of sexual terms or about 35.29% that is
considered less accurate because of less convey meaning from the source languge
into target language. The following is examples of the less accurate translations.
For example:
Context
SL
: If you were hot, you would be out breaking some poor schmuck's
heart.
TL
: Jika kau cantik, kau akan mematahkan hati lelaki.
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The word hot in the source language will usually be translated as sexy or
someone who is sexually attractive (http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?
term=hot). Altough it was contextually appropriate but it made the message
became less accurate because cantik in the source language is equaled with
beautiful instead of hot.
From 36 data considered less accurate by the raters, there are 15 data
(41.67%) translated using literal technique, 8 data (22.22%) applied borrowing
technique, 6 data (16.67%) translated by synonym technique, 4 data (11.11%)
used calque technique, 2 data (5.56%) translated by adaptation technique, 1 data
(2.78%) applied subtraction technique, and 1 data (2.78%)used particularization
technique.
36 data considered less accurate by the raters consist of 17 sexual activities
(47.22%), 12 sexual organs (33.33%), 2 sexual equipments (5.56%), 2 sexual
emotions, 2 sexual diseases (5.56%), and 1 sex character (2.78%).
3.1.3. Classification C
Data entered into this classification is the data that has an average scale
from 1.0 to 1.6. The amount of data included in this classification is nine sexual
terms data or in other words, approximately 8.82% of the total data. Below is the
example of sexual term of data that are considered inacurate. For example:
Context
: Mike conviences Abby to follow his every single step to get
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attention from a guy.
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digilib.uns.ac.id
SL
: I don’t want a bitch.
TL
: Aku tak mau budak.
The example is also not much different from the previous example. The
three raters considered that its meaning is not conveyed accurately. Bitch in the
target language is equivalent to pelacur, while budak in the source language is
equivalent to slave. The word bitch refers to one's unwilling sexual partner,
usually referring to male-on-male rape (http://onlineslangdictionary.com/
meaning-definition-of/bitch). Translator prefers the word budak that is considered
less acceptable and inaccuracy.
From 9 data considered inaccurate by the raters, there are 5 data (55.56%)
used subtraction technique and 4 data (44.44%) translated by synonym technique.
9 data considered inaccurate by the raters consist of 5 sex characters
(55.56%), 2 sexual organs (22.22%), and 2 sexual activities (22.22%).
3.2. Acceptability
The acceptablity assesment of sexual terms translation used in the
questionnaire is based on the following scale and description.
Scale
Description
3
Acceptable
The sexual terms translation is commonly utilized in target language.
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2
Less acceptable
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The sexual terms translation is infrequently utilized in target language.
Unacceptable
The sexual terms translation is certainly not utilized in target language.
1
The acceptability level of sexual terms translation in the movie The Ugly
Truth is obtained from the average scale of each data provided by three raters. The
average scale of each data will be processed again and then they will be calculated
to acquire the total average overall.
The acceptability level of sexual terms translation can be classified as
follows:
a.
Classification A
The sexual terms translation is acceptable if the average scale of data
b.
Classification B
The sexual terms translation is less acceptable if the average scale of data
c.
Classification C
The sexual terms translation is unacceptable if the average scale of data
TABLE 4.21 ACCEPTABILITY CLASSIFICATION OF SEXUAL TERMS
TRANSLATION IN THE MOVIE THE UGLY TRUTH
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No.
Classification
Data Numbers
Total
Percentage
A
001, 002, 003, 004, 005,
006, 007, 008, 010, 011,
014, 017, 018, 019, 020,
022, 023, 026, 027, 029,
030, 031, 036, 037, 040,
041, 042, 043, 044, 045,
046, 047, 048, 050, 052,
053, 054, 055, 057, 058,
060, 061, 062, 063, 064,
066, 067, 068, 074, 075,
079, 080, 081, 082, 084,
085, 086, 088, 094, 095,
096, 097, 098, 101, 102
65
63.73%
2.
B
009, 012, 013, 015, 016,
021, 024, 025, 032, 038,
039, 049, 051, 056, 059,
065, 071, 072, 073, 076,
077, 078, 083, 089, 091,
092, 093, 099, 100
29
28.43%
3.
C
028, 033, 034, 035, 069,
070, 087, 090
8
7.84%
102
100%
1.
TOTAL
From the classification table above, it can be seen that the classification A,
65 data of sexual terms (63.73%) are regarded as accurate. On the classification B,
29 sexual terms data (28.43%) are considered less accurate translation. The rest 8
sexual terms data (7.84%) are translated inaccurately.
3.2.1. Classification A
This classification includes translations that are considered acceptable. The
acceptabilty is assessed from the average scale of each data ranging from 2.4 to
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3.0. There are 65 data of sexual terms or 63.73% included in this classification.
For exampe:
Context
SL
: You’re a lesbian.
TL
: Kau lesbian.
Although the translation is exactly as same as its source language but the
term lesbian is considered acceptable because it is also often used in the target
language to express women who identify themselves or who are characterized by
others
as
having
the
primary
attribute
of
female
homosexuality
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesbian).
From 65 data considered acceptable by the raters, there are 30 data
technique, 6 data (9.23%) translated by synonym technique, 3 data (4.62%) used
calque technique, 1 data (1.54%) translated by addition technique, 1 data (1.54%)
applied subtraction technique, 1 data (1.54%) translated by adaptation technique,
and 1 data (1.54%) used particularization technique.
65 data considered acceptable by the raters consist of 28 sexual activities
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(43.08%), 19 sexual organs (29.23%), 6 sex characters (9.23%), 5 sexual
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digilib.uns.ac.id
equipments (7.69%), 4 sexual emotions (6.15%), 2 sexual diseases (3.08%), and 1
sexual orientation (1.54%).
3.2.2. Classification B
This classification is a data set that has an average scale from 1.7 to 2.3. The
classified data is less acceptable if the data is infrequently utilized in the target
language. Amount of data that is less acceptable is 29 data of sexual terms or
28.43%. For example:
Context
: Mike does not believe Abby’s ability in flirting.
SL
: You know how to flirt?
TL
: Kau tahu?
The example above is considered less acceptable because the term flirt is
eliminated. However, it does not have to do with the readability. The word flirt
refers to behaviour as though sexually attracted to someone, but playfully rather
than with serious intentions (http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/flirt).
From 28 data considered less acceptable by the raters, there are 11 data
technique, 5 data (17.86%) used calque technique, 4 (14.29%) data translated by
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synonym technique, 2 data (7.14%) applied subtraction technique, and 2 data
(7.14%) translated by adaptation technique.
28 data considered less acceptable by the raters consist of 14 sexual
activities (50%), 6 sexual organs (21.43%), 3 sex characters (10.71%), 3 sexual
attractions (10.71%), 1 sexual equipments (3.57%), and 1 sexual emotions
(3.57%).
3.2.3. Classification C
Data included into this classification is the unacceptable data. Data are
considered unacceptable if the average scale ranged from 1.0 to 1.6 and they are
certainly not utilized in the target language. There are 8 data of sexual terms that
are unacceptable or about 7.84%. For example:
Context
: Mike holds two sexy girls in his arms while entering studio’s
door.
SL
: I smell threesome.
TL
The translation is unacceptable because of the term threesome is not
frequently used and it sounds strange to some people who do not understand the
meaning of the term. The meaning of threesome in the Oxford Online Dictionary
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is an occasion on which three people engage in sexual activity together
(http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/threesome?q=threesome).
From 8 data considered unacceptable by the raters, there are 3 (37.5%) data
translated by synonym technique, 3 data (37.5%) applied subtraction technique, 1
data (12.5%) applied borrowing technique, and 1 data (12.5%) used calque
technique.
8 data considered unacceptable by the raters consist of 3 sexual activities
(37.5%), 3 sex characters (37.5%), and 2 sexual organs (25%).
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CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A.
Research Conclusion
After an analysis of the techniques and quality assessment, researcher
found the following conclusion:
1.
There are eight translation techniques used in translating 102 data of sexual
terms in the subtitle of the movie The Ugly Truth. Translation techniques
that are frequently used are literal (41.20%) and borrowing (27.45%). While
the rest translation techniques used are synonym (12.75%), calque (7.84%),
subtraction or omission or deletion (5.88%), adaptation (2.94%), addition
(0.98%), and particularization (0.98%).
2.
Based on the results of the quality assessment in the questionnaire that had
been given to the three raters, it can be seen as follows:
a. Accuracy
Classification A: The sexual terms translation is accurate translation,
consists of 57 data of sexual terms or 55.88% with average scale ranging
from 2.4 to 3.0. From 57 data considered accurate by the raters, there are 26
data (45.61%) translated using literal technique, 21 data (36.84%) applied
borrowing technique, 5 data (8.77%) used calque technique, 3 data (5.26%)
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translated by synonym technique, 1 data (1.75%) applied adaptation
technique, and 1 data (1.75%) used addition technique. 57 data considered
accurate by the raters consist of 32 sexual activities (56.14%), 13 sexual
organs (22.81%), 4 sexual equipments (7.02%), 3 sexual attractions
(5.26%), 3 sexual emotions (5.26%), and 1 sexual orientation (1.75%), 1 sex
character (1.75%).
Classification B: The sexual terms translation is less accurate translation,
from 1.7 to 2.3. From 36 data considered less accurate by the raters, there
are 15 data (41.67%) translated using literal technique, 8 data (22.22%)
applied borrowing technique, 6 data (16.67%) translated by synonym
technique, 4 data (11.11%) used calque technique, 2 data (5.56%) translated
by adaptation technique, 1 data (2.78%) applied subtraction technique, and 1
data (2.78%)used particularization technique. 36 data considered less
accurate by the raters consist of 17 sexual activities (47.22%), 12 sexual
organs (33.33%), 2 sexual equipments (5.56%), 2 sexual emotions, 2 sexual
diseases (5.56%), and 1 sex character (2.78%).
Classification C: The sexual terms translation is inaccurate translation,
consists of nine data of sexual terms or 8.82% with average scale ranging
from 1.0 to 1.7. From 9 data considered inaccurate by the raters, there are 5
data (55.56%) used subtraction technique and 4 data (44.44%) translated by
synonym technique. 9 data considered inaccurate by the raters consist of 5
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sex characters (55.56%), 2 sexual organs (22.22%), and 2 sexual activities
(22.22%).
b. Acceptability
Classification A: The sexual terms translation is acceptable translation,
from 2.4 to 3.0. From 65 data considered acceptable by the raters, there are
30 data (46.15%) translated using literal technique, 22 data (33.85%)
applied borrowing technique, 6 data (9.23%) translated by synonym
technique, 3 data (4.62%) used calque technique, 1 data (1.54%) translated
by addition technique, 1 data (1.54%) applied subtraction technique, 1 data
(1.54%) translated by adaptation technique, and 1 data (1.54%) used
particularization technique. 65 data considered acceptable by the raters
consist of 28 sexual activities (43.08%), 19 sexual organs (29.23%), 6 sex
characters (9.23%), 5 sexual equipments (7.69%), 4 sexual emotions
(6.15%), 2 sexual diseases (3.08%), and 1 sexual orientation (1.54%).
Classification B: The sexual terms translation is less acceptable translation,
from 1.7 to 2.3. From 28 data considered less acceptable by the raters, there
are 11 data (39.29%) translated using literal technique, 5 data (17.86%)
applied borrowing technique, 5 data (17.86%) used calque technique, 4
(14.29%) data translated by synonym technique, 2 data (7.14%) applied
to user
subtraction technique, andcommit
2 data
(7.14%) translated by adaptation
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technique. 28 data considered less acceptable by the raters consist of 14
sexual activities (50%), 6 sexual organs (21.43%), 3 sex characters
(10.71%), 3 sexual attractions (10.71%), 1 sexual equipments (3.57%), and
1 sexual emotions (3.57%).
Classification C: The sexual terms translation is unacceptable translation,
consists of 8 data or 7.84% with average scale ranging from 1.0 to 1.6. From
8 data considered unacceptable by the raters, there are 3 (37.5%) data
translated by synonym technique, 3 data (37.5%) applied subtraction
technique, 1 data (12.5%) applied borrowing technique, and 1 data (12.5%)
used calque technique. 8 data considered unacceptable by the raters consist
of 3 sexual activities (37.5%), 3 sex characters (37.5%), and 2 sexual organs
(25%).
B.
Suggestion
1.
Other researcher
The researcher suggests to the other researcher who analyzes same problem
to conduct further research on the readability of the translation quality of sexual
terms. The other researcher is also suggested to use raters who speak bilingual
fluently in the analysis of quality assessment.
2.
Lecturers
The researcher suggests to the lecturers of translation to give more
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understanding and further discussion about the theory of translation. The lecturers
digilib.uns.ac.id
are also expected to provide more practice of professional translation either
spoken or written.
3.
Translator
The researcher suggests to the translator to understand not only the
translation of sexual terms but also to understand the culture of source language
and target language so that the expected outcome can be more accurate and
acceptable.
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an analysis of the translation of sexual terms in the movie

Transcription

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