Desporto, Saúde e Segurança

CONGRESSO DO DESPORTO
INSTITUTO DO DESPORTO DE PORTUGAL
Desporto, Saúde e
Segurança
Carlos A. Fontes Ribeiro
Faculdades de Medicina e Ciências do
Desporto e Educação Física
Universidade de Coimbra
Coimbra, 14.01.2006
1
Portugal é um país sedentário?
... É um país parado!
Coimbra, 14.01.2006
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1
• Actividade Física
• Exercício
• Desporto
• e Saúde?
Recomendações para a actividade física mínima?
Desporto Î maior exigência Î melhores resultados...
Coimbra, 14.01.2006
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Medicina Baseada na
Evidência
• The Cochrane Library (issue 4, 2005):
• “Health and Sports”
• Cochrane Reviews Î 152
• DARE Î 44
• Trials Î 605
• Methodology Reviews Î 1
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Aerobic exercise and resting blood pressure in older adults: a meta-analytic
review of randomized controlled trials (Structured abstract)
[Abstracts of quality assessed systematic reviews]
NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination
Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects 2005, Issue 4
Copyright © 2005 University of York. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Author's conclusions
This study supported the efficacy of aerobic exercise for reducing resting SBP in older adults. However, final conclusions
regarding the effectiveness of aerobic exercise for reducing the resting SBP and DBP in older adults cannot be drawn until further
studies addressing this issue are conducted.
CRD commentary
The review question is important. The inclusion criteria were clearly stated but did not mention co-morbidity. All the studies
included fitted these criteria. The duration of the exercise intervention was not included and this may be important. No specific
search terms were given and no attempt was made to look for unpublished studies. In addition, the papers were limited to
English language publications, so some published in non-English languages may have been omitted. Finally, the sources
searched were limited and this may have led to the omission of studies.
The authors used a scoring system to assess the validity of thestudies, but did not say how they implemented it. Details of the
primary data extraction were well presented. However, the number of participants included in the studies was not consistent
throughout the paper. The authors discussed the loss to follow-up, which is important in studies of lifestyle interventions and
'intent to treat analysis' and 'analysis by protocol'. All of the included studies used 'analysis by protocol'.
The authors' conclusions are consistent with the results. The intensity and duration of the interventions were not considered
in the data analysis. Nearly all the participants were American or Japanese, thus the results may not be generalisable.
Coimbra, 14.01.2006
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[ACSM´s Guidelines
for Exercise Testing
And Prescription,
2000]
Coimbra, 14.01.2006
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3
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Desporto e Saúde
• Estímulos repetidos Î adaptações
Î alterações estruturais?
• Maior produção de radicais livres de
oxigénio?
• Maior defesa contra os radicais
livres?
Coimbra, 14.01.2006
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4
Riscos?
Coimbra, 14.01.2006
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[ACSM´s Guidelines
for Exercise Testing
And Prescription,
2000]
Coimbra, 14.01.2006
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5
[ACSM´s Guidelines
for Exercise Testing
And Prescription,
2000]
Coimbra, 14.01.2006
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[ACSM´s Guidelines
for Exercise Testing
And Prescription,
2000]
Coimbra, 14.01.2006
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Desporto e lesões
• Desporto Î lesões...
• Mas:
Treino Î adaptação Î maior
resistência a algumas lesões
Coimbra, 14.01.2006
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Dopagem e Desporto
• Problema frequente (?) no
Desporto... Desporto reflecte a
Sociedade...
• Necessária formação
• Exigência superior?
Coimbra, 14.01.2006
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Drogas e Desporto
• Desporto Î maior produção de
opióides endógenos (eg,
encefalinas e beta-endorfinas)
Dependência
do esforço?
Ganhos em
Saúde!
Substituição das
drogas?
Coimbra, 14.01.2006
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Tapete rolante (treadmill): Panlab, model LE8706; programa SeDaCom32 (Versão 1.10)
para transferir os dados.
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8
(ANFET: 5 mg/Kg, i.p.)
600
s/Treino c/Exerc. agudo
[DOPAMINA] (pg/30µl)
500
s/Treino s/Exerc.agudo
c/Treino s/Exerc. agudo
400
c/Treino c/Exerc. agudo
300
200
100
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Tempo (h)
Coimbra, 14.01.2006
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• Do mercado de medicamentos
(3.000.000.000 €) quanto
poderia ser a poupança se
houvesse maior investimento na
actividade física / exercício /
desporto?
• E o rendimento profissional,
familiar e social?
Coimbra, 14.01.2006
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