IEC 62682 Alarm Standard

IEC 62682 and ISA 18.2
Alarm Standard
The Expected Impact of the IEC 62682 Standard on
Alarm Management for the Process Industries
Standards
Certification
Education & Training
Publishing
Conferences & Exhibits
International Electro-Technical Commission
Federates IEC National Committees
- Established 1906, headquartered in Geneva
- Non-profit, non-governmental
Promotes collaboration in electro technical and electronic standardization
Publishes
-
International Standards,
Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports,
Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and
Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”)
Manages three global conformity assessment systems to certify
- Equipment, systems and components
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Source: IEC
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An international standard?
Purpose
– Preventing and overcoming technical barriers in international commerce
• Large (national or regional) user bases with mutually incompatible practices
Application
– Direct application of the international standard
– Application of the equivalent national standard
• Technically identical
• Localized appearance, symbols or units
• Differences due to local regulations or industry requirements
Source: IEC
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In summary
Authoritative document
– Developed according to a methodology
– Balance of interests and consensus
– Stringent review and documentation
A standard development organization (SDO), such as ISO, IEC, ISA, …
– Establishes standards
– Does not impose them
Regulatory bodies such as OSHA, FDA, NPD, HSE
– Write regulations based on (globally agreed) standards
– Can enforce regulations
Companies refer to standards to
– Obtain understanding and agreement on terms and definitions
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Purpose of a technical standard
1.
Terms, definition and abbreviations
-
2.
Mandatory normative requirements
-
3.
A set of requirements to which the subject of the standard MUST comply = shall clauses
Non-mandatory recommendations
-
4.
Create a common understanding between manufacturers, engineers, suppliers, system
integrators, service providers and end-user
E.g. alarm = audible and/or visible means of indicating to the operator an equipment
malfunction, process deviation, or abnormal condition requiring a timely response
A set of recommendations to which the subject of the standard could or should comply =
should clauses
Conditional or optional recommendations
-
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A set of recommendations to which the subject of the standard can optionally or
conditionally comply = may clauses
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RaGAGEP
Recognized and General Accepted Good Engineering Practice
Regulatory bodies such as OSHA, HSE, etc. refer to “general duty” clauses
such as a system must comply with Recognized and General Accepted Good
Engineering Practice
Standards are developed based on this principle
Consequence: a standard specifies “the minimum” and not “the optimal” or
“most efficient” or “most effective” way
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Some history
API RP 1167
NAMUR 102 – Alarm Management
3rd Edition 02.10.2008
18.2 - 2015
1979
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
EEMUA -191: 2nd edition
2015
2020
ANSI/ISA-18 Technical Reports – 2010…
IEC 62682: 90% the same as ISA18.2-2009,
with improved clarity of language from people
that were translating, and some simplifications.
Worldwide standard voted November 2014
Technical reports by ISA 18.2:
WG1 – Alarm Philosophy
TWG – Alarm Identification & Rationalization
WG3 – Basic Alarm Design
TR4 – Enhanced and Advanced Alarm Methods
TR5 – Alarm Monitoring, Assessment and Audit
TR6 – Alarm Systems for Batch and Discrete Manufacturing
WG7 – Alarm Systems for Packaged Systems
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Does the IEC 62682 standard apply to you?
If it is adopted by your national standards committee : yes, when you’re in
process industries
Does not matter if the process is continuous, batch, discrete or mixed
Because: alarms and alarm response is not function of the process, it’s part of
the HMI/HCI
Note that non-process industries are also adopting the standard such as
telecom, infrastructure supervision, defense, …
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Conformance to the standard
Alarm systems designed and constructed
– After the issue of the standard: the owner/operator must show compliance to each
requirement in normative clauses
– Before the issue of the standard: the owner/operator must:
• Determine that the equipment is designed, maintained, inspected, tested, and operated in a
safe manner.
• The standard shall be applied to existing systems in a reasonable time as determined by the
owner/operator.
Source: IEC 62682
 Conformance is NOT the responsibility of the (DCS or SCADA) supplier, the
system integrator or engineering (EPC) company
 Note that a standard informs you what to do, not how to do it (TRs make
suggestions)
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IEC 62682 Life cycle stages
This life cycle is identical to ISA 18.2
It defines the work processes you
should have in place
It provides a good strategy to start
managing your alarm system
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Source: IEC 62682
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Alarm philosophy
In this document you specify what
should be done in the other work
processes and - to an extend - how it
should be done
IEC 62682 requires two items more
than ISA 18.2:
- References
- Alarm Documentation
Further: Purpose of the alarm system
must be defined in this document
Source: IEC 62682
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Alarm state transition diagrams
Source: ISA 18.2
Source: IEC 62682
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Alarm Performance Metrics
Source: IEC 62682
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Source: ISA 18.2
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Where do these figures come from?
Source: EEMUA 191 Third Edition
EEMUA 191 (2nd Ed.) specified these metrics based on research by the University of Manchester.
Workload estimation = time to respond per alarm, times number of alarms
W=R*T
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Professor James Reason
Was involved in the investigations of the
cause of the Milford Haven incident
According to his hypothesis, most
accidents can be traced to one or more of
four levels of failure:
- Organizational influences
- Unsafe supervision
- Preconditions for unsafe acts
- Unsafe acts
Also evangelist of the famous ‘Swiss
cheese’ model, which implies that all
protection layers have ‘holes’ and that
when these ‘holes’ align, a minor upset
can have serious impact
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Methods to define your alarm strategy
LOPA
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Bow-Tie
HAZOP
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Example
Where to put the alarm?
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How do standards help you?
Define terms and definitions
Define the work processes you need to
put in place
Define what you need to specify in your
alarm philosophy (e.g. which
methodology to use)
Provide guidance and recommendations
what to do
Provide guidance on globally accepted
key performance indicators
Encourage suppliers to provide the
infrastructure to comply with the standard
(e.g. state based reduction, chattering
alarm analysis, shelving, …)
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What do standards not do?
Inform you HOW to achieve goals
Define the goals, KPIs and objectives of your organization/site/plant
Select the tools to achieve these goals and objectives
Implement the work processes
Make sure these work processes become part of the day-to-day operation of
the plant
Define and assess responsibility and accountability
And a lot more, which is your responsibility for which regulatory instances might
hold you accountable
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Will IEC 62682 impact your industry?
When adopted by a regulatory body which conducts audits in your industry: YES
You will need to define your strategy in your alarm philosophy and which methods you
will use to define your alarming strategy (e.g. LOPA, HAZOP, Bow-Tie)
The standards provide you with mandatory and recommended practices
AND
Work processes you need to put in place
SUCH THAT
Audits can take place and your strategy can be measured against RaGAGEP practices
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Questions?
For more information, contact
- IEC www.iec.ch
- ISA www.isa.org
- EEMUA www.eemua.org
- For training courses in Europe, Middle East and Africa:
www.isaEurope.org and ask for an on-site IC39C course
ISA 18.2 standard, non member price: $180
TR4, TR5 and TR6 non member price: $130 (each)
IEC 62682: CHF 280
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About …
Lieven Dubois is co-author of ISA 18.2 TR4, member of WG7 and voting
member of 18.2
He is one of the instructors of the ISA IC 39.1 course on alarm management
ISA Europe is the International Society of Automation. In Europe, the Middle
east and Africa focus is on training and events. Please visit www.isa.org
when you want to buy books, register for training courses, want to learn more
about ISA membership, etc.
UReason is a company active in the domain of real-time alarm & event handling
and while doing so providing operators with more information on causes,
consequences and actions to take, thus increasing situational awareness
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