your heritage - Icahn School of Medicine

YOUR HERITAGE
THE DEPARTMENT OF
MEDICINE
THE MOUNT SINAI MEDICAL
CENTER
Arthur H. Aufses, Jr., M.D.
July 20, 2004
SAMPSON SIMSON, JR.
1781-1857
• Graduate of Columbia
College- 1801
• The first American
Jewish lawyer admitted
to the New York Bar1802
• A Founding Father of
the Jews’ Hospital and
its first President
. . .We have associated and hereby do
associate ourselves into a benevolent,
charitable and scientific Society. . .
to be known. . . by the name of The
Jews’ Hospital of New York. . .”
Articles of Incorporation
January, 1852
“the particular business, purpose and
object of such Association and
Society will be the medical and
surgical aid to persons of the Jewish
persuasion. . .”
Articles of Incorporation
January, 1852
THE JEWS’ HOSPITAL
OUR FIRST SITE
A 25' by 98' plot
located on 28th
Street between
Seventh and
Eighth Avenues
OUR FIRST BUILDING
• FOUR STORIES45 BEDS
• DOORS OPEN
JUNE 5, 1855
• NAME CHANGED
TO THE MOUNT
SINAI HOSPITAL1866
THE STAFF- 1855
CONSULTING PHYSICIANS
Chandler R. Gilman
William Detmold
William H. Maxwell
Benjamin W. McCready
CONSULTING SURGEONS
Valentine Mott
Thomas M. Markoe
Willard Parker
ATTENDING SURGEONS
Israel Moses
Alexander B. Mott
RESIDENT AND ATTENDING PHYSICIAN
Mark Blumenthal
THE MEDICAL CONSULTANTS
William Detmold
1808-1894
Benjamin McCready
1813-1892
Chandler Gilman
1802-1865
MARK BLUMENTHAL, M.D.
1831-1921
¾On call 24/7
¾Saw every inpatient every
day, and wrote all notes.
Screened all applicants for
admission.
¾Salary $250. first year, then
$500/yr.
¾Physician to Shearith Israel,
the Spanish-Portuguese
Synagogue and an active
practitioner.
COST OF MEDICAL CARE
MID 19TH CENTURY
Office prescription
Office visit
Written consult
House call
Natural delivery
Fracture surgery
$ .25- $1.00
$ .50
$1.00-$5.00
$1.00-$3.00
$4.00-$5.00
$5.00-$25.00
BUDGET
DEC. 1855- DEC.1856
216 ADMISSIONS
Provisions
$ 1,726.87
Medicine & Surgical instruments
446.61
Salaries and wages
1,511.14
Fuel
297.10
Stationery
33.36
General expenses, Croton water, gas
assessments, repairs
1,049.50
Clothing for patients, beds, and
bedding
429.18
Total $ 5,493.76
1938 expenses- $ 2,329,000
2003 expenses- $868,139,000
THE FIRST PATIENT
•
•
•
•
L. S. Age 41 years
Admitted to Hospital June 8, 1855
Rectal fistula
Surgery successful
ISRAEL MOSES, M.D.
1823-1870
• Attending surgeon1855-1861
• Operated upon Patient #
1 admitted to Hospital
June 8, 1855
• Resigned to join Union
Army in Civil War
• Early advocate of the
Public Health movement
Critical Departmental dates
1872-Medical Board and House Staff created. First women
appointed.
1875- Out patient Department established.
1877- Medical and Surgical Services created.
1905- First Clinical Pathological Conference.
1920s- Amalgamation of in-pt. and out-pt. activities.
1939- Dept. reorg.- six specialty areas: GI, Metab.-Nutri.,
Hematology, Allergy, Thoracic Diseases, Cardiology.
1942- House physicians become interns and residents.
1944- Directors of Clin. Res. and Med. Educ. appointed.
1949- Creation of research groups in CV, Endocrine,
Metab. & Nutr. & Radioisotopes.
1952- First “full full time” Chief of Medicine
1960s- Affiliations with VA and City Hospitals.
THE MOUNT SINAI HOSPITAL
OUR SECOND BUILDING
East side of
Lexington
Avenue between
66th-67th Street
105 Beds
Dedication
May 29, 1872
MEDICAL WARD
circa 1880
JOSEPHINE WALTER, M.D.
1849-1935
First woman to graduate
from a house staff
program-1885
President-Women’s
Medical Association of
New York-1906-1907
HENRY N. HEINEMAN, M.D.
1852-1908
1880- Joins Medical Staff.
1893- Establishes the
Pathological Laboratory.
Equips the lab with his
own funds. Appoints F.
Mandlebaum, M.D. to be
trained as his successor.
FREDERICK S. MANDLEBAUM, M.D.
1867-1926
Hospital pathologist 1893-1926
Fundamental contributions:
Pathology of Gaucher’s Disease.
Identification of malignant cells
in tissue fluids.
“….The creator of Mount Sinai’s
scientific activities. Single
handed, he began its laboratory
work, and around him, chiefly as
a result of his sound judgment
and ability, there grew up the
great laboratories of today. “
Annual report- 1926
MORRIS MANGES, M.D.
1865-1944
One of Mount Sinai’s first
gastroenterologists.
1902-Recipient of first
therapeutic radium in United
States from Curie
Laboratory- donated to NY
Academy of Medicine
1960- Widow bequeathed $1M
to Mount Sinai
EDWARD G. JANEWAY, M.D.
1841-1911
M.D.- P&S-1864
Brilliant diagnostician
Health Commissioner
of NYCDescribed Janeway’s
nodes
Janeway Lecture
endowed by E.
Libman, M.D.
ALFRED L. LOOMIS, M.D.
1831-1895
M.D.-P&S-1852
Mount Sinai Attending
Staff- 1874-1895
Outstanding teacher
President New York
Academy of
Medicine- 1889-1892
JULIUS RUDISCH, M.D.
1847-1926
Mount Sinai’s first
endocrinologist
Early specialist in
diabetes; numerous
publications.
Developed many
laboratory tests for
urinary constituents
ALFRED MEYER, M.D.
1854-1950
1877- M.D.- P&S
1883- Founded Mount
Sinai’s library
Mount Sinai’s first
pulmonologist.
Played a major role in the
development of sanatoria
for the treatment of
tuberculosis in New York
State.
OUR CURRENT SITE
THE EARLY BUILDINGS
MEDICAL WARD
circa 1950
S. S. GOLDWATER, M.D.
1873-1942
• Director of the
Hospital 1904-1928
• NYC Comm. Health
1914-1915
• NYC Comm.
Hospitals 1934-1940
• “The most important
person in the hospital,
beyond any question,
is the patient.” SSG
SIR WILLIAM OSLER, M.D.
1849-1919
Invited by Emanuel Libman,
Osler presents first formal
Clinical Conference at
Mount Sinai, January 24,
1905.
Met with Board of Directors
to discuss medical
education
THE HOUSE STAFF-1908
EMANUEL LIBMAN, M.D.
1872-1946
1897- Discovered Strep.
Enterococcus.
1906-Described the value
of blood cultures
1910-Described
endocardial lesions of
“subacute infective
endocarditis.”
1924-Described lupus
endocarditis-LibmanSacks disease
June 10, 1935
Constitution and By-laws
1918
Article 2- Objectives
Paragraph 3, Section 3
“To afford to students in
Medicine the opportunity to
acquire a practical knowledge of
the art and science of
Medicine.”
NATHAN BRILL, M.D.
1860-1925
1910 - Described endemic
typhus- Brill’s disease
1913 - With Mandlebaum
described the clinical course
and pathology of Gaucher’s
Disease
1925 – With Baehr and
Rosenthal described giant
lymph follicle hyperplasia
(Brill-Symmers Disease)
ELI MOSCHCOWITZ, M.D.
1879-1964
1911- Described the
eosinophilia of the allergic
response
1923 - Described
granulomatous disease of the
intestine (with
A.O.Wilensky)
1925- Described Thrombotic
thrombocytopenic purpura
(Moschcowitz’s disease)
1927 - Described pulmonary
hypertension
SECOND MEDICAL SERVICE
circa 1942
J. Lester
Gabrilove
Front row:
Isidore Gerber
Reuben
Ottenberg
Eli Moschcowitz
David Beck
E. Z. Epstein
B. S. OPPENHEIMER, M.D.
1876-1958
1917-Described
electrocardiographic changes
associated with myocardial
infarction.
1932-1940-Chief of Second
Medical Service
1942-Established Mount
Sinai’s Gold Headed Cane.
GEORGE BAEHR, M.D.
1887-1978
Typhus Commission-1915
Cmdg. Off. Base Hosp # 3
1921-First cultivation of
Rickettsia from typhus fever.
(Loewe, Ritter and Baehr)
First NIH Scientific Advisory
Board-1945
1932-1949- Chief of First Medical
Service
1944-1949-Director of Clinical
Research
ISIDORE SNAPPER, M.D.
1889-1973
1913-Developed direct and
indirect bilirubin assay
(with van den Bergh)
1944-1952 Chief of Second
Medical Service and
Director of Medical
Education
Prolific author on many
subjects
ALEXANDER B. GUTMAN, Ph.D., M.D.
1902-1973
Major contributions in
thyroid disease,
myeloma, gout.
1946- Founding Editor
of the American
Journal of Medicine.
1952-1967- First full
time Chief of
Medicine
SOLOMON BERSON, M.D.
1918-1972
1957- Developed
radioimmune assay (with
Rosalyn Yalow)
1968-1972- ChairmanDepartment of Medicine
ROSALYN S. YALOW, Ph.D.
Nobel Laureate in Medicine-1977
FENTON SCHAFFNER, M.D.
1920-2000
1958-Recruited to Mount
Sinai by Hans Popper
Clinical leader of the
remarkably productive
Liver Group
1965-1989- Chief of the
Division of Liver Diseases
1972-1974-Acting ChairmanDepartment of Medicine
RICHARD GORLIN, M.D.
1926-1997
1951- Developed “Gorlin”
formula for calculation of
valvular stenosis.
1974-1992- Chairman
Department of Medicine
Developed significant
program in humanistic
medicine
ARTHUR M. MASTER, M.D.
1895-1973
1929-Master “two-step”
test- the first stress test
Charles K.
Friedberg, M.D.
1905-1972
William B. Hitzig,M.D.
1904-1983
Simon Dack, M.D.
1904-1994
THE 100TH ANNIVERSARY
REUBEN OTTENBERG, M.D.
1882-1959
1907- First to utilize compatibility
testing in transfusing blood
1908- First to suggest that blood
groups follow Mendel’s law
1911- First observation of patient
antibodies causing transfusion
reaction- not vice versa
1923- First to suggest that
hemolytic anemia of the
newborn due to incompatibility
1943- Seminal paper on toxic
hepatitis
1955- Described his own TIA
Louis Wasserman. MD
1910-1999
Richard Rosenfield, MD
1915-1997
Nathan Rosenthal, MD
1890-1955
Coleman B. Rabin, MD
1900-1991
Louis Siltzbach, MD
1906-1980
Irving Selikoff, MD
1915-1992
GREGORY SHWARTZMAN, M.D.
1896-1965
1926- 1957- Bacteriologist
to the Hospital
1928- Described what has
become known as the
“Shwartzman
phenomenon”
1937- “Phenomenon of
Local Tissue Reactivity
and its Immunological,
Pathological and Clinical
Significance”
Joseph Harkavy, MD
Sheppard Siegal, MD.
1890-1980
1909-1988
MOUNT SINAI EPONYMS
Tay-Sachs disease
Koplik’s spots
Brill’s disease
Brill-Symmer’s Disease
Libman-Sacks disease Moschcowitz’s disease
Epstein’s Disease
Buerger’s disease
Crohn’s disease
Harkavy Syndrome
Churg-Strauss Disease
Schick test
Master two-step test
Shwartzman phenomenon
Yankauer suction
May ophthalmoscope
Brown-Buerger cystoscope
Malis coagulator
BURRILL B. CROHN, M.D.
1884-1983
1922-1934- Chief of
Gastrointestinal Clinic
1932- President American
Gastroenterological
Association
1932- Coauthor of “Regional
Ileitis”
He put granulomatous
inflammatory bowel disease
on the map
L to R- Oppenheimer,Crohn,
Ginzburg- circa 1965
Ginzburg and CrohnMay, 1982
RENAL MEDICINE
Albert A. Epstein, MD.
Marvin Levitt, MD.
1920-2000
Sherman Kupfer, MD.
1926-2003
DOROTHY KRIEGER, M.D.
1927-1985
1949- M.D. Columbia
University College of
Physicians and
Surgeons.
1972-1985- Chief of
Division of
Endocrinology
Outstanding
Neuroendocrinologist
Arthur Sohval, MD.
1904-1985
Louis Soffer, MD.
1904-1996
Henry Dolger, MD.
1909-1997
Max Ellenberg, MD.
1911-1984
Solomon Silver, MD.
1903-1986
HANS POPPER, M.D.
1903-1988
• The academic power
behind the
development of the
Mount Sinai School
of Medicine
• Chair-Dept. of
Pathology-1957-1972
• The father of modern
hepatology
GEORGE JAMES, M.D.
1915-1972
First President and Dean
Mount Sinai School of
Medicine
“He gave the institution a
style, flourish, and social
concern that will
endure.”
K. Deuschle
THOMAS C. CHALMERS, M.D.
President & Dean 1973-1983
Acknowledged leader in the
design, conduct, and
evaluation of clinical trials.
“He intensified Mount Sinai’s
already high sense of
honesty and morality. He
was a role model we may
not see again.”
Alfred Stern
GUSTAVE L. LEVY
1910-1976
Member Board of Trustees 1960-1976
“He created the Mount Sinai
School of Medicine.”
“A catalyst, organizer and
decision maker.”
“Plans became reality,
aspirations were
translated into
achievements.”
GEORGE BLUMENTHAL
PRESIDENT- BOARD OF TRUSTEES
1911-1938
“I have a peculiar view of life, and
I adhere to my opinion that
whatever we do, we do for more
or less selfish reasons; and if we
do what people consider good,
what people consider beneficial
for others, we do it for the
pleasure we get out of it. Mount
Sinai to me has been a source of
continuous pleasure… and if,
incidentally, my selfishness has
done good, so much the better for
others and for myself.”