Towards Sustainable Mobility Piet Steel

Towards Sustainable Mobility
Piet Steel
Vice-President
European & Government Affairs
Toyota Motor Europe
Toyota environmental history
2010 Auris HSD
2003 Prius
2nd
1969 S800
gas turbine hybrid
1963
Start of HV
car development
1960
1970
1975 Century
gas turbine hybrid
1980
generation
2009 Prius
3rd generation
2009
1997 Prius
Lexus RX 450h
2007
1998 e-com Lexus LS 600h
2006
Lexus GS 450h
1997 RAV4-EV 2005
1996 1st FC vehicleLexus RX 400h
1990
2000
2010
The main challenges of today,
as Toyota sees it
1. Response to energy diversification
2. CO2 reduction
3. Improved air quality
We believe in the Sustainable-mobility based society,
where several types of eco-cars will
co-exist…
Vehicle size
FCHVS
HVs & PHVs
with internal combustion engine
Route buses
HV
EV
Short-distance
commuters
Heavy-duty trucks
FCHV (BUS)
Delivery trucks
Passenger cars
Small delivery
vehicles
FCHV
EV
Winglet
PHV
series
Electricity
Motorcycles
Driving distance
Gasoline, diesel, bio-fuels, compressed
natural gas, gas to liquids,
coal to liquids, etc.
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Hydrogen
…however, we do believe in one
technology platform: Hybrid Synergy Drive
Sustainable Mobility
Energy diversity
Gasoline,
diesel
Gaseous
fuels
CO2 reduction
Biofuels
Synthetic
fuels
Air quality
Electricity
Hydrogen
The right car, the right place, the right time
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Our experience tells us that the market
for hybrid vehicles is growing
Units
2.75 million
3000000
2500000
2000000
1500000
1000000
500000
0
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Our aim: 1 million hybrid sales per year, early 2010s
1 hybrid option in every model, early 2020s
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2010
Only the full hybrid technology allows driving
in purely electric mode
EV Drive
Motor-assist
Motor-assist
Start/Stop
Idle-stop
Regenerative
braking
Regenerative
braking
Regenerative
braking
Start/Stop
Start/Stop
Start/Stop
Mild hybrid
Full hybrid
Micro hybrid
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A Plug-in Hybrid: simply a conventional hybrid, with an
extended EV range…
Gasoline station
Engine
Fuel tank
Motor
Household electrical energy
or public charging post
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Battery
… functions as EV for city transportation
and as a conventional full hybrid for longer drives
Short distance: EV
Long distance: Hybrid
PHV: “the best of both worlds”
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Energy density by weight (watt hours / kg)
Weight & package are limiting today’s battery
technology…
Gasoline
Hydrogen
10,000
Ethanol
CNG
Liquid fuels
Bio-diesel
Diesel
Gaseous fuels
1,000
Hydrogen
absorbing
alloy
Substantial R&D needed for batteries
to reach levels similar to conventional
energy sources
Batteries
100
Lithium-ion
Nickel metal
Lead
10
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
Energy density by volume (watt hours / litre)
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8,000
9,000
10,000
Electric Vehicle - EV
Motor/Generator
Battery
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FT-EVII
Launch of small commuter EV planned for 2012
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Modular HSD - Readily adaptable to PHV,
EV and FCHV
Motor/Generator
Battery
Engine
Fuel Tank
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Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicle - FCHV
Motor/Generator
Battery
FC Stack
Hydrogen Tank
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Reality not theory: the FCHV-adv
*1: in LA#4 test cycle, Toyota in-house test
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Next steps: Toyota’s expansion
plan for EVs, PHVs and FCHVs
2010
PHV
Test Phase
EV
FCHV
2015
Market launch
Market launch (US)
Test Phase
Market launch
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Prius Plug-in Hybrid
Thank you