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PLAGIAT
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THE TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH FICTIONAL BOOK
TITLES INTO INDONESIAN CONTEXTS:
A FUNCTIONALIST APPROACH
AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
For the Degree of Sarjana Sastra
In English Letters
By
PURINDRASWARI DYAHPRAMESTI
Student Number: 114214024
ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAM
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS
FACULTY OF LETTERS
SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY
YOGYAKARTA
2015
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THE TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH FICTIONAL BOOK
A FUNCTIONALIST APPROACH
AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
For the Degree of Sarjana Sastra
In English Letters
By
Student Number: 114214024
ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAM
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS
FACULTY OF LETTERS
SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY
YOGYAKARTA
2015
ii
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THE TRANSI,ATION OF ENGLiSII FICTIONAL BOOK
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A Sagaru
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fustra Undergraduate
Thesis
THE TRANSI"ATION OF ENGLISII F'ICTIONAL BOOK
A FUNCTIONATIST APPROACII
By
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STATEMENT OT ORIGINALITY
I certify that this undergraduate thesis contains no material which has been
previously submitted for the award of any other degree at any university, and that,
to the best of rny knowledge, this undergraduate thesis contaifls no material
previou$ly written by any other person except where due refereflce is made in the
text of the undergraduate thesis.
Yogyakarta, September 6, 2Al5
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LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAII PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH
I]NTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS
Yang bertandatangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitis'S*utu Dharma
:
Nama
Nomor
Mahasiswa
: Purindraswari Dyahpramesti
:114214024
:
,t' '
Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan
Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul
THE TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH FICTIONAL BOOK TITLES INTO
INDONESIAN CONTEXTS: A FUNCTIONALIST APPROACH
Beserta perangkat yang diperlukan (bila ada). Dengan demikian saya memberikan
kepada Perpustakaan Sanata Dharma hak untuk menyimpan, mengalihkan dalam
bentuk media lain, mengelolanya dalam bentuk pangkalan data, mendestribusikan
secara terbatas, dan mempublikasikannya di intemet atau media lain untuk
kepentingan akademis tanpa perlu merninta ijin kepada saya maupun memberi
royalti kepada saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai penulis.
Demikian pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sebenarnya.
Dibuat di Yogyakarta
Pada tanggal 6 September 2015
Yang menyatakan,
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The secret of life, though, is to
fall seven times and to get up eight
times.
- Paulo Coelho
vii
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ACKNOLEDGMENTS
For all the process and achievement in finishing this thesis, this page is
meant to be a small gratitude for people who have helped me through until today.
Like it is very impossible of me to finish this alone, therefore it is He who blesses
me with every chance to encounter and feel all things that could possibly be the
best parts of growing up.
Secondly, I would like to thank my advisor, Harris Setiajid, S.S., M.Hum.
for all his guidance given before I even began writing this thesis until it is
eventually finished. Besides, I would like to thank Adventina Putranti, S.S.,
M.Hum., my thesis co-advisor, for helping me in correction and guidance to
complete this thesis. I would also thank Sanata Dharma University for the better
knowledge that builds me as a person and a student.
Next, for my family who always encourages me to take the next step to the
furthest extent, I thank them for the prayers and supports in many ways.
Most of all, my biggest gratitude goes for all of my friends whom I
particularly have during these four years. They have given more than I could ask
for by making four years feel very short. I thank them so much for togetherness,
laughter, time, lesson, support and motivation so that every weighs feel like a
feather. Moreover, I thank them all for being another home to me.
Purindraswari Dyahpramesti
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE ....................................................................................................... ii
APPROVAL PAGE ............................................................................................. iii
ACCEPTANCE PAGE.........................................................................................iv
LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH ...............................v
STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY ....................................................................vi
MOTTO PAGE ................................................................................................... vii
ACKNOLEDGMENTS ..................................................................................... viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS .....................................................................................ix
LIST OF TABLES .............................................................................................. xii
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... xiii
ABSTRAK ...........................................................................................................xiv
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION .........................................................................1
A. Background of study ....................................................................................1
B. Problem Formulation ...................................................................................5
C. Objectives of Study......................................................................................5
D. Definition of Terms......................................................................................6
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE .....................................................8
A. Review of Related Studies ...........................................................................8
B. Review of Related Theories.......................................................................11
1. Theory of Translation ..........................................................................11
2. Translation Equivalence.......................................................................11
3. Translation Acceptability.....................................................................12
4. Functionalist Approach ........................................................................13
5. Communicative Effectiveness .............................................................14
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6. Field, Mode and Tenor.........................................................................15
7. Lexical Density ....................................................................................16
8. Back Translation ..................................................................................17
C. Theoretical Framework ..............................................................................17
CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY ...................................................................19
A. Areas of Research ......................................................................................19
B. Object of Study ..........................................................................................19
C. Method of Study ........................................................................................20
D. Research Procedure....................................................................................20
1. Types of Data .......................................................................................20
2. Data Collection ....................................................................................21
3. Population and Sample ........................................................................23
4. Data Analysis .......................................................................................23
CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS..........................27
A. The Translation Equivalence Assessment Using Communicative
Effectiveness ..............................................................................................27
a. Equivalent Translation ...................................................................28
1. The Target Text Has the Same Field, Mode and Tenor as
Source Text ..............................................................................28
b. Not Equivalent Translation ............................................................35
1. The Target Text Has the Same Field and Mode, but Different
Tenor from Source Text...........................................................36
2. The Target Text Has the Same Mode, but Different Field and
Tenor from Source Text...........................................................44
3. The Target Text Has the Same Mode and Tenor, but Different
Field from Source Text ............................................................53
B. The Translation Acceptability Assessment................................................57
1. The Acceptability Translation in the Analysis Using Target
Text’s Blurb .............................................................................58
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2. The Less Acceptability Translation in the Analysis Using
Target Text’s Blurb..................................................................80
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION...........................................................................85
BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................87
APPENDICES ......................................................................................................89
Appendix 1: List of Data, Genre Categorization and Lexical Density..........89
Appendix 2: Recapitulation of Equivalence Analysis Result........................91
Appendix 3: Acceptability Questionnaires....................................................93
Appendix 4: Recapitulation of Acceptability Questionnaires .....................106
Appendix 5: Data Recapitulation of Acceptability Analysis Result ...........110
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Example of Acceptability Analysis ........................................................ 22
Table 2. Example of Translation Equivalence Assessment Using Communicative
Effectiveness .......................................................................................... 24
Table 3. Nababan’s Indicator of Acceptability (modified) ................................... 25
Table 4. Example of Acceptability Questionnaires (written in Indonesian)
[translated back in English].................................................................... 26
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ABSTRACT
DYAHPRAMESTI, PURINDRASWARI. The Translation of English Fictional
Book Titles into Indonesian Contexts: A Functionalist Approach. Yogyakarta:
Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Sanata Dharma University,
2015.
This undergraduate thesis is about the equivalence and acceptability of
several English fictional books which are translated into Indonesian. The concern
studies a list of book titles which are specifically no word-for-word translation
that are comprised in the thriller or romance genre category. The functionalist
approach is taken as main theory used in this study since the analysis would go
towards texts translation functions in bridging two different cultures from ST to
TT.
In the study, there are two problems raised to analyze. The first problem is
to find whether the data of ST and TT are equivalent by using the assessment of
communicative effectiveness theory, as a part of functionalist approach method in
evaluating whether ST and TT translation achieve the same purpose. Besides, the
second problem is how acceptable the translation of TT for TT readerships.
The method used in this study is the library and field research. The field
research takes acceptability analysis of study which needs 30 respondents to fill
out the questionnaires of 30 data translation. The indications is used for
questionnaires is Nababan’s acceptability category. The library research is also
used for the needs of information, theories and study related to the topic discussed
in such equivalence problem which only uses functionalist theory to analyze.
In the analysis result, there are two findings of this research. The first
analysis finds 7 data are considered equivalent. The equivalence is marked by the
full fulfillment for field, mode and tenor of texts to appear the same. The rest of
23 data show different results that they all have the same mode in results, but
apparently, the field and tenor are not found similar for ST and TT. Therefore, it is
considered not equivalent. Meanwhile, the acceptability analysis taken from
questionnaires result 27 data are called acceptable and 3 others are called less
acceptable due to difference of indicator marks. Hence, functionalist approach is
used has its function to translation analysis since its concerns are on interpretation
of texts for functions that stand for meaning stylistically with reasons.
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ABSTRAK
DYAHPRAMESTI, PURINDRASWARI. The Translation of English Fictional
Book Titles into Indonesian Contexts: A Functionalist Approach. Yogyakarta:
Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Sanata Dharma, 2015.
Skripsi ini membahas tentang ekuivalensi dan keberterimaan beberapa
buku fiksi bahasa Inggris yang diterjemahkan ke dalam konteks Bahasa Indonesia.
Sasaran utama pada sekumpulan judul buku yang secara spesifik bukan
terjemahan kata-per-kata yang telah di kategorikan dalam misteri dan romansa.
Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan fungsional yang mana turut menjadi teori
utama dikarenakan analisis teks akan mengenai fungsi teks terjemahan itu sendiri
dalam menjembatani dua kebudayaan yang berbeda dari Teks Sumber (Source
Text) dan TeksTarget (Target Text).
Dalam studi ini terdapat dua permasalahan yang akan di analisis.
Permasalahan pertama adalah menemukan ekuivalensi dari data ST dan TT
menggunakan teori keefektifan komunikatif yang merupakan bagian dari metode
pendekatan fungsional yang mengevaluasi belum atau sudahnya terjemahan ST ke
TT mencapai tujuan yang sama, dan masalah kedua adalah seberapa berterima
terjemahan TT untuk pembaca TT.
Metode yang digunakan dalam studi ini adalah penelitian pustaka dan
lapangan. Penelitian lapangan digunakan dalam analisis keberterimaan yang
membutuhkan 30 responden untuk mengisi kuesioner yang terdiri dari 30 data
terjemahan. Indikator yang digunakan dalam kuesioner adalah kategori
keberterimaan milik Nababan. Penelitian pustaka digunakan sebagai sumber
informasi, teoridanstuditambahan yang berhubungan dengan topik diskusi seperti
permasalahan ekuivalen, yang hanya menggunakan teori fungsional dalam
analisisnya.
Pada hasil akhir, ditemukan dua penemuan dalam penelitian skripsi yaitu
terdapat 7 data dinyatakan ekuivalen pada analisis pertama. Ekuivalensi ditandai
dengan pencapaian penuh teks dalam memiliki field, mode dan tenor yang positif
atau sama (ST dengan TT). Sisanya, 23 data, menunjukan hasil berbeda untuk
field dan tenor-nya (perbandingan ST dan TT), sekalipun seluruh data memiliki
hasil analisis mode yang sama, dan dinyatakan tidak ekuivalen. Pada hasil
penelitian yang kedua, analisis keberterimaan yang memanfaatkan kuesioner
sebagai studi lapangan, menghasilkan 27 data yang dinyatakan berterima dan 3
data kurang berterima dikarenakan perbedaan hasil skor rata-rata. Dari situ dapat
disimpulkan bahwa pendekatan fungsional memiliki fungsinya dalam analisis
terjemahan karena fokusnya pada interpretasi teks terhadap fungsi yang
berhubungan denganarti secara stilistika dengan alasan penggunaan kata-kata
tertentu dalam menerjemahkan.
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
Translation activity has been known and done for long time. It is a process of
textual material substitution from source language (SL) into target language (TL)
(Catford, 1974: 20). Therefore, translation is an activity of rendering information
from one language to another which has also become a way or tool to broaden
knowledge and experience views in the brief period of time and limited form of
text. As important as language as it is used as system of communication for
human beings, translation activity is inevitable to be said as vital as language in
communication since it has to do with delivering messages from two different
spoken or written words culturally or in meaning. “Translation is an operation
performed on languages: a process of substituting a text in one language for a text
in another.” (Catford, 1965:1). Moreover, the job of delivering messages in
translation is also a crucial one that a translator must not mislead the messages
conveyed to the target reader or receiver. Thus, the exigency of accuracy and
acceptability are very essentially needed in the process of translation to be able to
cope with catching the idea of two languages that also deals with the cultural
differences from both Source Language (SL) and Target Language (TL).
Likewise in nowadays, many imported books have been subtitled in other
foreign languages in order to fulfill the gain of the books’ popularity throughout
the world, so have English import books been, which are, in many case, translated
in any other languages including Indonesian. However, there are some urgency
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and tendency of changing the books’ original element to make it more familiar in
target language and attract target readerships. One example is to suit the culture of
target language, by changing the books’ title, even farther from the original title.
Accordingly, one example English fictional book title taken into account in which
it embarks on the case mentioned above is Mitch Albom’s The Five People You
Meet in Heaven translated and published into Indonesian version as Mitch
Albom’s Meniti Bianglala. Whereas the Indonesian subtitle of the book’s title
would be Lima Orang yang Anda Temui di Surga since Meniti Bianglala holds
literal meaning Walking on the Rainbow when it is literally translated in English.
Consequently, the impression of the book would be different as well because book
titles represent different idea. The idea holds an explicit ambiguity of what the
book is about, presenting a different first impression for Target Language (TL)
further than the original one from Source Language (SL).
To analyze such a case, the translation strategy in description is used to draw
the meaning of SL into TL with the consideration of situational model and sociocultural meaning. The description strategy in situational model is a way of
translation with understanding the meaning of expressions or sentences by seeing
and determining its situational context (Widyamartaya, 1989: 22). As Catford
seconds with “SL and TL texts or items are translation equivalents when they are
interchangeable in a give situation” (1965: 3). Meanwhile, the application of
socio-cultural meaning in descriptive translation strategy is the way the translator
used other words or original SL to hold particular word meaning that describes
more of original messages in less simple form. Later on, equivalence and
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acceptability are chosen as the translation assessments to evaluate the translation’s
quality further. Those two assessments are best applied to analyze and consider
what particular words in TL shall replace any other words of SL, or why some
words remain in the real form of not being translated in TL.
Therefore, the thesis would analyze the translation of novel titles into
Indonesian using functionalist approach. It is an approach that grasps the idea of
descriptive and socio-in-cultural translation in dynamic flow persisting to
complete the aim of conveying message, getting through two cultures (Nord,
1997: 3). The approach seconds the analysis of quality assessment in equivalence
of a text in this thesis. Therefore, the presence of functionalist approach takes out
its map of areas to be analyzed in which each of it has its specialist viewpoint
bringing out intention in solving and answering why such translation of a text is
conveyed and delivered in such particular another way. According to Boleslav,
functional linguistics has its division of analysis that is divided into field, mode
and tenor (2005: 1). In addition, there is communicative effectiveness theory is
used that aspires the deeper flow of text analysis based on field, mode and tenor.
The usage of field in this thesis would assist analysis in descriptive point of
experiential elements through lexical words and proportions in divides that could
be seen in the text itself. Furthermore, mode is more concerned on textual
viewpoint about the style of the text produced and delivered, which is all over a
point in a continuum defined by several axis (the spoken/written axis & the
action/reflection axis), interactivity and spontaneity. As mode analysis takes more
on textual aspect, therefore it revolves around counting lexical density also. Next,
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tenor is the part of interpersonal metadata of text to analyze as it manages about
the identity of author, the target readership and the relationship between author
and target readership whether it is by chance or deliberate re-present. Lastly, the
addition of communicative effectiveness keeps the analysis of translation in this
thesis in the checking extent whether or not the text translated is considered
effective to be said as translated already upon its accomplishment in conditional
register of Field, Mode and Tenor.
On the other hand, the translation novels also associates directly to TL,
Therefore the necessity in proving how the translation could be accepted by target
receivers is included in the study as well. The translation is acceptable when it
could be accepted in target language by adapting the translation with the cultures
and norms of the target language (Munday, 2011: 144). That means, if the
translation is acceptable, it is understandable by target receivers. The
understandable term stands for accomplishing message delivery and adjusting TL
culture. Therefore, the terms of result is used in the acceptability analysis are
acceptable and less acceptable. Since acceptable takes for a text is understandable
by target readership, therefore less acceptable is for a text that results being less
acceptable by target readership. That such consideration is taken because many
TL’s translation books appear different from original titles; however they are still
published and read by target receivers. Thus, less acceptable is chosen as a
concern of functional aspect on how the translation is used and performed and its
influences towards.
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Additionally, the writer hopes that the thesis would be useful for the readers to
give insights and understandings how translation process works and what
problems usually occur in translating two different languages.
B. Problem Formulation
1. How is the equivalence of the translation of English fictional book titles
into Indonesian context seen from functionalist approach?
2. How acceptable arethe series of English fictional book titles translated into
Indonesian context?
C. Objectives of Study
Based on the problem formulation above, there are three objectives in this
study. The first objective is to find out how equivalent a list of English fictional
book titles translated into Indonesian contextas the data inserted in this study.
The determination of equivalence is followed by the functionalist approach that
has been already constructed with its own conditional aspect to be precise in aim
fulfilling the viewpoint of Field, Mode and Tenor, and also the communicative
effectiveness goal.
The second objective of this study is to identify the acceptability of several
English fictional book titles with comparing to its translated version in
Indonesian. Moreover, this will be followed by the result of acceptable and less
acceptable classification. And the last is to find out the conclusion about how
much functionalist approach influence the context-related translation and solve
problems relate to it.
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D. Definition of Terms
There are several terms are used in this study. They are translation,
equivalence, acceptability, functionalist approach and titles. To avoid
misunderstanding and misinterpretation, here are the explanations of the
terms.
Translation is the process of transferring message rendered from one
language into another different language. According to Nida and Taber (1969:
27) translation is reproducing the receptor language to closest natural
equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and
secondly in terms of style. Thus, the naturalness in translation is important to
render and adjust in the same idea that appears in TL.
Equivalence generally has a thing to do with being similar or the same,
interchangeable with something else. Bell stated that “translation is the
replacement of a representative of a text in one language by a representation
of an equivalent text in a second language.” (1991: 6). Thus, to find
equivalence in translation is to find similarity of the two texts with its
substantial which is conveying the message of first language (Source
Language) into second language (Target Language).
Acceptability based on Hatim’s theory about standards of textuality is the
term that means text receivers’ response (2001: 117). In addition, translation
considered acceptable if the TL can understand the translated translation with
their basis of culture. Meanwhile, the other result is less acceptable. It stands
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for TL translation that appears in different idea from the original message
conveyed.
Functionalist approach is the approach that has other names such as
functionalism or functional in the very simplest form into function in which it
refers to what a text means or is intended to mean from the receiver’s point of
view (Nord, 1997: 28). Accordingly, it is the form of semantically translation
as the other words of the continuant of dynamic equivalence.
Titles refer to the name of book, poem, painting, piece of music and other
literary or artistic works (Oxford, 2015: 1626). Hence, book titles in this study
are the texts which are represented by certain words. The words are the names
that are designed to present the story inside.
.
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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
This chapter elaborates the studies done by other researchers on similar topics and
reviews some theories applied in this thesis. The studies similar to this thesis are
taken from Puspitaratri, Wachyuni and Kuil’s ones. Each study is reviewed
somewhat at length to find the similarities and the different point of views in order
to avoid topics duplication. Some theories applied are also reviewed and discussed
to find a solid ground on which this thesis is carried on.
A. Review of Related Studies
1. Diah Puspitaratri’s thesis “Translation Quality Assessment on Accuracy,
Naturalness and Acceptability of the Translation of Leo Tolstoy’s After
the Dance into Setelah Pesta Dansa by Anton Kurnia”
This undergraduate thesis discusses the quality assessment on accuracy,
naturalness and acceptability as translation strategies applied in the data of Leo
Tolstoy’s fictional book entitled After the Dance which is translated into Setelah
Pesta Dansa in Indonesian. In Puspitaratri’s analysis, the process and steps taken
are by the consideration of whether or not the text translation found in the book
are accurate when compared to its original Source Text.Furthermore, it steps on
applying the second tool of translation strategy examining it into its naturalness to
read for TL readers in order to check whether or not the TT is capable of reaching
local custom and value in conveying messages.In short, these two theses may
concern on different data and translation scope, however, they are equally drawn
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to the same issue, even such delete or adaption of several words are the analyzed
material.
The present thesis is quite different from Puspitaratri‘s thesis as it is
evident from which the data are already different that Puspitaratri’s thesis uses
some sentences, or excerpts to analyze in assisting brief and implicit explanation
for the context and meaning of several words replaced or erased in the final TL’s
translation, as this data thesis are lists of book titles that use reviews to analyze
data. Furthermore, although the use of strategy is the same and the steps of
analysis is similar, this thesis has concernon focusing on some particular
diction,that change the whole phrase or sentence semantically and syntactically,
and relating to the whole context of review. Meanwhile, Puspitaratri’s thesis
comes down to the analysis of phrases and clauses into TL’s contexts.
2. Sophia F. Wachyuni’s “The Problem of the Translation of Lubis’s Jalan
Tak Ada Ujung into A Road with No End”
This undergraduate thesis discusses the equivalence of meanings in the
novel which is originally from Indonesian translated into English. The scope data
and analysis of Wachyuni‘s thesis is to analyze the English translated form as TL
studied and compared to the original version written in Indonesian as SL. Also
States that there are found many words that are wrongly or non-equivalent
translated which leads to the final mark that the translation is unacceptable.
That is an interesting study since it provides various evidence of words,
phrases and sentences which come unnatural and understandable and it applies the
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comparative method in bridging two different cultures that somehow become the
problematic in translation.
Nevertheless, Wachyuni‘s is different from this thesis as it concerns more to
the cultural problem in the sense of dictions’ use and functions, with its
effects,merely using equivalent strategy. Meanwhile, the present thesis analyzes
the equivalence of two outputs from two different languages leading more to the
reasons why such translation applied in such particular contexts, although both
theses apply equivalent strategy analysis.
3. Fransisca Margaretha Kuil’s thesis “A Study on the Translation of
Christian Related Terms in the Constitution of the Sisters of Notre
Dame”
This undergraduate thesis studies about the translation of Christian
relatedterms in the Constitution of a religious Congregation of Notre Dame. To
bridge the two cultural translation, the main goal of this thesis is to keep message
and meaning by using certain methods of the theory of SL-emphasis and TLemphasis and finding method in later analysis.
The thesis in some way relates to the writer’s thesis as there are found many
theories and strategies applied that used semantic approach in bridging sociocultural case of context.
However, there is difference found in the thesis from the writer thesis in
which, the concerns of Kuil’s is broader that check and consider the data whether
they are literal or faithful translation. Meanwhile, the concern of the writer thesis
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has already specifically studied the data with the method of functionalist approach
meaning to say, the data taken are already the dynamic translation type.
B. Review of Related Theories
1. Theories of Translation
Translation is the process of transferring message rendered from one language
into another different language.
Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest
natural equivalent of the source language of the source language
message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. (Nida
and Taber, 1969:27).
In short, according to Nida and Taber, it is urgency that translation must keep
meaning and style in delivering the data of translation. In other words, it does not
only carry the point of message being rendered and transferred from SL (Source
Language) to TL (Target Language), but also keeps its style, which is naturalness
of translation,that the message of SL transferred and adjusted in the same idea that
appears in TL.
2. Translation Equivalence
Newmark says that “the principle of equivalent frequency of usage in source
and target language applied to grammatical structures and lexis is particularly
useful as an additional method of verifying a translation.” (1981: 145)
Equivalence is a part of translation strategy that concerns on the process of
conveying the same message from SL (Source Language) to TL (Target
Language).
According to Eugene Nida’s classification of equivalence in Susan Bassnett’s
Translation Studies, there are two types of equivalence, which are formal and
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dynamic ones. The difference is that formal equivalence is always based on the
rule.
Formal equivalence ‘focuses attention on the message itself, in both form
and content. In such translation one is concerned with such
correspondences as poetry to poetry, sentence to sentence, and concept to
concept.’ Nida calls this type of translation a ‘gloss translation’, which
aims to allow the reader to understand as much of the SL context as
possible. (Bassnett, 2008: 33)
Meanwhile, the dynamic equivalence has the translation in TL that may have
different from SL.
Dynamic equivalence is based on the principle of equivalent effect, i.e.
that the relationship between receiver and message should aim at being at
the same as that between the original receivers and the SL message.
(Bassnett, 2008: 33)
Even though, there are two different strategy of equivalence in translation, in
for short can be categorized as ‘word-for-word’ and ‘free’ translation based on
Catford’s theory; yet, those two emphasize the essence and necessity of equivalent
translation that has to be able to cover up what is being rendered, delivered and
received in the same way.
3. Translation Acceptability
The strategy process in translating by considering the understanding or
response of the audience is well-known as acceptability. This term is the
continuant strategy to check whether or not the translation from SL into TL can be
accepted as valid or invalid translation.
According to Hatim’s theory about standards of textuality, the term
acceptability means text receivers’ response (2001: 117). In addition, translation is
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considered acceptable if the TL can understand the translated translation with their
basis of culture.
Thus, Bassnett in her book also states about the Durisin’s argument about
translator.
The translator of literary text is not concerned with establishing
equivalence of natural language but of artistic producers. And those
products cannot be considered in isolation, but must be located within the
specific cultural-temporal context within which they are utilized.
To conclude, acceptability is the keyword of cultural pass in which it functions
to come into two sides of the door transferring messages faithfully but it is not
engaged with rule. The rule itself is the strict playing of syntax and literalism.
Moreover, acceptability must follow what is served in the TT, TL’s culture, and it
is very urgent for the TL audiences to be able to understand the message of SL in
their own understanding based on their own kind of context.
4. Functionalist Approach
Functionalist approach is an approach in translation that is ‘functional’ which
concerns on the function of text and translation. The typically recognazition of
functionalist approach which is somehow also called as functional approach and
functionalism, is in which, translation could be descriptive, but it still manages to
render the message of original source. Briefly, it has the tendency to give
situation-in-culture in exchanging communication material as the result of the
translation in the basis of personal input.
This approach has been a new continuant strategy system in translation of
dynamic equivalence. Christiane Nord, Hans J. Vermeer stated term of
functionalism or functional in the very simplest form into function in which it
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refers to what a text means or is intended to mean from the receiver’s point of
view. (1997: 28) In other words, functionalism is semantically translation or
sense-for-sense as dynamic equivalence. Hence, to apply functionalism as the
mean of translation two different titles, is to see how and why the target text take
particular words and style and do check on its function.
Furthermore, functionalism is also taken note as the process of rendering
massage from source translation which must accomplish conditional goals, among
others: Field (experiental point), Mode (textual point), and Tenor (interpersonal
point). Those three points are also included as the ‘functionalist’ checklist of text
translation that compulses text translation (Boleslav, 2015: 4)
5. Communicative Effectiveness
The other practical guide that determine a target text has been translated based
on its source—passing through the message and intended meaning of text—with
fulfilling conditional goals and terms is to make sure the existence of text telling.
Communicative effectiveness is a theory saying “a text is effective if it suceeds in
achieving its purpose” (Boleslav, 2005: 13) focuses on accomplishing functions—
different from function in functional approach—judged in a text that in which a
text must have either “thematic organization” as the kind of text themes and
elements, and “cohesion” as named sense-of-meaning for target receivers, or the
goal accomplishment of Field, Mode and Tenor to be found.
What Field, Mode and Tenor mean to categorize communicative effectiveness
is merely the same expression as it is found in functionalist analysis texts. To
elaborate in details, field stands for what the text is really about in which involves
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text’s semantic domain and its specialization. Moreover, the “about” element
conceived by Field also includes what kind of text is it practically have the talk
about the process and circumstance types. Meanwhile, Mode deals with the
textual element of a text which relates to the method taken by a text generated as
it is. In this element, it is very likely a text’s method appears to be more than
varies of production as a text may adjust interactivity or spontaneity-like.
Furthermore, to analyze a text’s effectiveness, last categorization used is Tenor in
which practically relates to the author and his audiences talking about language,
social features, and the relationship between them. It is practically way in
analyzing a text based on text produced and what kind of audiences expected to be
presented with such language written in a text itself.
6. Field, Mode and Tenor
According to Boleslav’s theory (2015: 4), there are three qualifications to
determine whether a text is functional or not. The qualifications are field, mode
and tenor which are explained below, as following:
Field
Mode
Tenor
The experiential viewpoint from a text that basically concern on
what text is about.
The textual viewpoint from a text that displays the
characteristics of its intended mode (high interactivity and high
spontaneity (could be counted by lexical density)).
The interpersonal viewpoint from a text that constructs the
expected tenor for the participants.
Those three qualifications are essential in text analysis. Each of them carries
role of viewpoints that construct text to accomplish its functionalism as well as
the equivalence of two translations.
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The study of field is the analysis of dictions used in ST and TT by drawing the
meaning of words. It is also used to see how a word performs to replace and
represent the idea of ST and TT as well as the genre of text. Meanwhile, mode is
about the study of interactivity of text that is used to interest readers. It also
studies the spontaneity of text that relies on the calculation of lexical density.
What it indicates is the lower lexical density results; the more spontaneous text
appears. On the other hand, tenor is about the technique on how text is constructed
(personalization >< impersonalization). Next, by the stance of text that indicates
what attitude is expressed. The analysis covers lexical choices and evaluative
expression (asserted, assumed and triggered attitude in choices).
7. Lexical Density
In this study, in proving how the translation works in theory, arts and market
is also determined by lexical density. According to Hallday, “lexical density is
distinguishing lexical and grammatical item (content words) to the total
discourse.” It can be measured in various ways: the ration of the lexical items
either to the total running words or some higher grammatical unit, most obviously
the clause. (1987: 60). Therefore, the method of calculating Lexical Density (LD)
is written in the following formula.
LD (%) =
(
)
× 100%
Moreover, LD is used in this study in the practice of mode analysis. The
significance is the lower LD in a text, the more spontaneous the text is. The
meaning of spontaneity of text in this study in which a title is formed in minimum
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structures constructed. Therefore, a title is effective as possible that is able to
attract target readership as well as produces intended result.
8. Back Translation
According to Harkness and Glusberg (1998), back translation involves the
translation of a text which itself is a translation back into the original language. It
is most commonly used and recommended as a way to asses translation work.
(Werner Campbell, 1970). Back translation also could be used as the translator
assessment. It is used to bridge the translation of SL and TL in comparison of
word meaning.
C. Theoretical Framework
The definition of translation based on Nida and Taber, and with translation
quality assessments cover equivalence and acceptability aspects by Bassnett,
Hatim and Durisin (stated in Bassnett’s book) with the addition of
functional/functionalist approach/functionalism stated from Christiane Nord and
practical guide for functional text analysis by Boleslav which also covering for
communicative effectiveness; and field, mode and tenor are the basic
understanding to the topic being discussed in this study. Along with the theory of
lexical density and back translation, the translation analysis is also assessed by
those theories to accomplish objectives.
To begin, the theory of Translation by Nida and Taber is very essential in
elaborating what and how translator and translation need to translate with the
naturalist work. Relating to this study, the theory of equivalence and its type restated by Bassnett is needed to assess the first problem solving. In addition, the
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acceptability theory by Hatim and Durisin help the writer to the understanding on
the formality of ‘what is called acceptability’ and its importance. Furthermore,
using the appliance of Nababan’s acceptability indicator and simplified category
is to assess the data in this research.
Functional/Functionalist Approach/Functionalism is the third theory used
in this study that covers most of the work. The importance of this approach is to
assess the traslation compentence and help the writer finding equivalence of ST
and TT marking the the accomplishment of translation and its communicative
effectiveness that also, later on becoming the additional theory. Field, Mode and
Tenor which are a part of functionalist approach are the categorization that is used
to assess the approach in analysis. Thus, these last theory, approach and
qualifications are very useful in answering the first problem formulation.
Lastly, lexical density is used to assess the equivalence analysis. It deals
with the spontaneity that is included in the method on solving the first problem.
On the other hand, back translation takes a part in assessing the analysis in the
first and second formulations. It is a tool in this study to find the ‘functional’
aspect in texts.
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CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
A. Areas of Research
The study concerns on the translation of source texts and targets texts with
evaluation of English fictional book titles into its translated version of Indonesian
contexts. It uses the implementation of a functionalist approach to work on its
analysis extent. The data are evaluated consisted of 30 English fictional book titles
completed with its Indonesian adaptation titles which are from two different
genres, that are thriller for 15fictional titles preceded and 15 romance fictional
book titles. According to Williams and Chesterman (2002: 6), this kind of study is
text analysis and translation which functions to analyze the translation strategy
and change or shift between SL and TL applied and its condition of use.
B. Object of the Study
The object of this study was 30 English fictional book titles that had been
translated and adapted into Indonesian version; however, it was limited to several
titles which were not word-to-word translation between original title and its
translated ones. Since the translatable unit in the form of book titles, therefore
they were in the phrase and sentence forms. The data of fiction titles are a series
of romance and thriller bestseller books in TL.
Moreover, in this study, there was a superior role of functionalist approach
in which it was an approach that took more scale of space in the study as it had the
counterbalance for the descriptive translation strategy and socio-cultural meaning
in analyzing both compared data and findings. That happenedsince a list of titles
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analyzed were far from each other in meaning impressed people who
pickedwithout knowing the original names would think the title as it is.Therefore
that was the task of functional approach in which it took concern on the
equivalence between ST and TT titles dispersing around analysis viewpoints
related to the work of text called as a good text through terms of Field, Mode and
Tenor.
C. Method of the Study
The method taken in analyzing the work was a library research, as to
second and complete this study;there is the needs of information, theories and
study related to the topic which would be discussed.
The data in this study was primary data in which it was collected by the
researcher who studied the topic and was not taken from other sources. All the
primary data were taken from referent books and internet.
D. Research Procedure
1. Type of Data
a. Objective Data
The objective data used in this research are a list of English fictional book
titles. There were several fictional titles originally written by Agatha Christie in
thriller. Its number of titles and their Indonesian translation were 14, and the rest
of total thriller fictions were the writing of John Fielding. Meanwhile, there are 15
romance English of fictional books titles compiled from several different
authors.To note down, the books which are collected as data are merely objects
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that are mostly found in Indonesian bookstores or libraries with the amount of
translation versions are often read by target receivers.
b. Affective Data
This study also collected the affirmative data garnered from respondents to
fill out questionnaires concerning translation equivalence and acceptability of the
English of fictional titles translated into Indonesian context. The form of
questionnaires would be the whole data which had been categorized differently
based on its genres, into two divisions: thriller and romance. There were 30
randomly chosen respondents who were people in general without age levels or
occupation differences as the base of measurement cover.That becomes the fair
measurement since analysis would be focus on acceptability translation that
relates to target receivers who could be anybody who understand Indonesian. The
acceptability questionnaire always concerns on target receivers as it is up to the
standard of the translation beneficiary. This affective data were used to measure
how acceptable the translation was.
2. Data Collection
Since the data in this study were a list of book titles, therefore the first step
was to collect the English fictional book titles that had been translated into
Indonesian with its particular conditions, that those books to choose had already
had its Indonesian title versions in no word-for-word translation. The work of
collecting data took any fictional titles which were found in the bookstore, library
or even some websites in the internet. The picking-up came with the condition
that the book titles chosen were the ones which had not been translated literally.
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After having the list of titles to use and analyze, they were categorized by genres
in order to limit the research area and to find the exact analysis and objectivity of
its translation. As a result, there are two different genre of book categories used in
this study, which are thriller and romance.
Furthermore, the primary data collections were to use the assessment of
questionnaires. The data of questions were taken by samples and it was in the kind
of purposive samples so that it could give the information needed by the
researcher to bridge the problem formulation between SL and TL. Therefore, it
means that the questionnaires only took one of the quality assessments in
translation, which was acceptability, to be sampled to and checked on
respondents.
Table 1.1.Example of Acceptability Analysis
No
Data
1
1/ST/ThG/Ac/FL
2
2/ST/RoG/Ac/FR
ST
Five Little
Pigs
Fools Rush
In
TT
MengungkitPembun
uhan
CintaTiba-tiba
In which,
ST
TTAc
ThG
RoG
Ac
FL
FR
: Source Text
: Target Text for Acceptability
: Thriller Genre
: Romance Genre
: Acceptability of Quality Assessment Translation
: Three Little Pigs
: Fools Rush in
Category
Acceptable
Less
Acceptable
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After the data in the Source Text and Target Text were all coded, the data
were given to respondents. The writer used the questionnaires to measure the
acceptability among people in general. The respondents gave score for each data.
3. Population and Sample
The population data in this study consisted of 30 English and Indonesian
fictional book titles. 15 were thriller and 15 are romance genre book. All data
were analyzed.
4. Data Analysis
In analyzing the data, there were some steps taken to accomplish the
analysis goal in this study based on the quality of assessments and approach used.
Seeing from the problem formulation and objectivity, the first step was to put the
list of titles it the equivalence analysis of two different expression titles from SL
into TL. The measurement scope of quality assessment translation in equivalence
here would take the functional approach to second the grip of analysis work. The
basic aim of this approach was to analyze about how the readers get the message
of what is told. Thus, by using the guide compass from Boleslav’s theory, the
search of equivalence and non-equivalence would be determined by Field (for the
experiential viewpoint), Mode (for the textual viewpoint) and Tenor (for the
interpersonal viewpoint) as the method of score in analysis. In addition, there is
communicative effectiveness as a tool of measurement on whether or not the text
translated achieves the goal from rendering messages from SL to TL to
convincing audience using TT.
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In this instance, in the equivalence analysis, the theoretical practice of
communicative effectiveness would be used to support. The proceeding was taken
since the praxis which was used that suggested communicative effectiveness took
the analysis of text came all over the text’s ideas of Field, Mode and Tenor the
same way as equivalence. To make use of communicative effectiveness as an
assessment, thereforethere will be a deeper practice analysis to texts equivalence
and also effectiveness in use. Thus, the categorization would be induced into table
for practical mode below.
Table 4.2. Example of Translation Equivalence Assessment Using
Communicative Effectiveness
Code
ST
TT
22/ST/Ro
The Twelve Nights DuaBelasHariTeri
G/TNC/
of Christmas
ndah
DBH
Field
Mode
Tenor
X
√
√
The criteria were borrowed from the method of classification written by
Boleslav which is sorted by the writer into three columns of category for field,
mode and tenor. To analyze the text equivalence and effectiveness, two different
titles are on display in comparison for both names followed by the checkedcolumn initially placed for a text consideration for accomplishing the same field,
mode or tenor. To use those three criteria lead to a better problem, solving on how
the translation English fictional book titles that somehow presents very far from
original translation well-analyzed both theoretically and culturally.
Seeing the example of table 4.2, it shows the two titles translated from
English to Indonesian. Besides, the part which has the mark checked (√) in
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column, indicates that a text produced and appeared based on both translation is
considered equivalent. Therefore, the changes of title are considered effective as
well. The equivalence takes for the same meanings implied for each element
analyzed while the effectiveness takes for a text translation (both English and
Indonesian translation) has achieved a text purpose—that is giving factual
information until convincing receivers for its validity—and the expectations of
Field, Mode and Tenor which is register completely register for a text.
The second analysis would give room for quality assessment translation in
acceptability which is the strategy process in translating by considering the
understanding or response of the audience. This term was in the continuum
strategy to check whether or not the translation from SL to TL can be accepted, as
valid or invalid translation. Thus, the writer adapted and used Nababan’s score
indicator from The Translation Theory (translated) (1999).
Table 4.1.Nababan’s Indicator of Acceptability (modified)
Scale
Score
Acceptability
Category
Acceptability Indicator
1.00 –
1.5
1
Acceptable
The TL title is understood by
target readership and naturally
translated in Indonesian.
1.6 –
2.00
2
Less Acceptable
The TL title is not understood by
target readership and not matched
with the content of blurb.
According to the indicator score above, to apply it to questionnaire forms
would be like table 4.3. There was an additional column of comment which
functions as the respondents’ reasons of giving particular score (that is not
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applicable to other to scores given to the same data) as consideration of
supplementary analysis.
Table 4.3.Example of the questionnaires (written in
Indonesian) [translated back in English]
Kode
(Code)
Judul
(Title of Book)
Nilai
(Score)
1
2
Mengungkit Pembunuhan
(Prying the Murder)
1/ST/Th
G/TL
Isi Cerita (Content): Hasrat Amyas Cralepada lukisan dan wanita
membuat namanya terkenal. Namun pembunuhan atas dirinya
membuat namanya tercemar. Enam belas tahun kemudian istrinya
yang cemburu dituduh dan dijatuhi hukuman seumur hidup karena
pembunuhan yang menggemparkan. Kini Carla, putri mereka,
wanita muda yang yakin ibunya tidak bersalah, menghadapkan
Hercule Poirot pada tantangan yang menggoda: memulihkan nama
baik ibunya dengan kembali ke tempat terjadinya pembunuhan dan
mencari kekurangan fatal pada kejahatan yang sempurna itu.
(AmyasCrale’s murder made a fuss in city and put him in a bad
name. Until 16 years later, his jealous wife was accused and
sentenced to life due to the shocking homicide. It was all left to
Carla, the Crale’sdaughter, who was certain that her mother was
innocence. She confronted HerculePoirot to the tempting challenge:
cleaned her mother’s name by coming back to the homicide scene
and searched for fatal absence in that perfect crime.)
Catatan (Note):
In which,
Nilai(Score) 1:berterima (the data is acceptable for target readership)
Nilai (Score) 2: kurang berterima (the data is less acceptable for target
readership)
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CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter is divided into two parts. The first part covers the analysis of
the first problem formulated which is equivalence translation seen from
functionalist approach. The analysis is assessed byBoleslav’scommunicative
effectiveness theory (2005) that uses field, mode and tenor as deeper guide of text
analysis in order to find the functional aspects of 30 translation data compared
back to its source version.
The second part covers the analysis of acceptability that studieshow texts
which are considered acceptable in its native context. The analysis isgarnered
from discussion of questionnaires filled in by 30 respondents using Nababan’s
score and category in acceptability.
1. The
Translation
Equivalence
Assessment
Using
Communicative
Effectiveness
The analysis of translation equivalence assessment is divided into groups
of grade as result of Field, Mode and Tenor examination into 8 different
resolutions, which are: (√√√), (√XX), (√√X), (√X√), (X√√), (X√X), (XX√), and
(XXX). As noted in the column above, there has already been a sequence of
(Field, Mode, and Tenor) in the following orders. In details, (√) indicates that
source and target texts have the same analysis results, meanwhile (X) indicates
that the analysis does not result the same.
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To note down, all modes in text analyses apparently have the same result.
All of TT modes are equivalent to ST modes because the data are book titles that
use written language.
a. Equivalent Translation
The equivalent translation of the first problem formulation this study is
marked by field, mode and tenor that appear positive or the same as the source
text (√√√). Based on the analysis below, there are 7 equivalent translations of
fictional book titles in Indonesian contexts as a result.
1. The Target Text Has the Same Field, Mode and Tenor as the Source Text
i.
Data 2
Code
ST
TT
Field
Mode
Tenor
2/ST/ThG/
Dead Man’s Folly Kubur Berkubah
√
√
√
DMF/KB
In the analysis of Field, “dead man” in ST and “kubur” (grave) in TT are
dictions that influence text equivalence. Moreover, “berkubah”(domed)and
“folly” that are intriguing details in both texts that are put for clues of mystery.
Therefore, as the dictions could relate to each other, the expression and ideas are
also conveyed equivalently as well.
In the analysis of mode, both texts show the same lexical density for 1
point indicating that the text is spontaneous. ST title has word “folly” as
interactivity that signifies readers’ interest to see more of what the word means in
text. Moreover, TT title functions dictions “kubur” (grave) and “berkubah”
(doomed)as the interactivity. Those words combined signify thriller rather than ST
title has.
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The third analysis talks about tenor. Both ST and TT have the same tenor
four using impersonalization. Both texts also put negative meanings in the
dictions which relates to thriller stuff and impression of clues or such cases. ST
uses “dead man” and “folly”; meanwhile, ST uses “kubur”. In addition, the
evaluative expression used by ST and TT are triggered attitude as well. That is
used by the author and translator to create titles with the meaning of words and its
relation of content that encourages readers to imply more.
ii.
Data 6
Code
ST
TT
Field
Mode
Tenor
6/ST/ThG/
Mawar Tak
Sad Cypress
√
√
√
SC/MTB
Berduri
In the field analysis, ST uses dictions “sad” and “cypress” that signifies for
mourning and great loss. Meanwhile, TT uses dictions “mawar” (rose) and “tak
berduri” (spineless) that are combined altogether signifies for weakness. In the
term of field, both titles reflect the ugly experiences in interpreting the same idea,
especially the adjective dictions (“sad” and “tak berduri”) chosen are quite
contrasted to the nouns (“cypress” and “mawar”).
Secondly, for the mode of text, ST has 1 point and TT has 0.7 point for
lexical densities indicate that both texts are spontaneous. In ST word “cypress”
and “sad” are used to make an emphasis of pessimistic ambience in story.
Meanwhile, TT title uses “mawar” (rose) combined with “tak berduri” (spineless)
that appears as unfamiliar knowledge for “rose” to have “spineless” character.
Those all become the mystery point as text interactivity.
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Thirdly, in analysis oftenor, both texts appear as impersonalization since
there is no subjectivity. Furthermore, ST uses word “cypress” and “sad” which
carry meaning for ‘mourning and unhappiness’ to construct a negative attitude in
text. Similar to ST, the lexical choices of TT are “tak berduri” (spineless) and
“mawar” (rose). They instantly have different meanings to imply. The word “tak
berduri” is positively means no harm. However, when translator uses that word
combined with “mawar”, it becomes negative in meaning that the rose has no
strength to protect itself. Hence, both titles are included in triggered attitude since
there is a lot to imply more.
iii.
Data 12
Code
ST
TT
Field
Mode
Tenor
12/ST/ThG Death Comes as
Ledakan
√
√
√
/DCE/LD
the End
Dendam
The analysis of field, ST uses the word “death” and “end” as the highlights
of title. Those words make the impression of intrigue and put the text into thriller
shelves. Meanwhile, TT title has “ledakan” (explosion) that stresses impression
of how big the word “dendam” (revenge) functions in text. Moreover, in the term
of field, two data show that both titles actually relate to each since with dictions
“death”, “end” and “dendam” that relate in meanings.
Next, the second analysis talks about mode in which ST has 0.6 point and
TT has 1 point for lexical density which indicates that both texts are spontaneous.
Furthermore, ST keeps the word “death” as interactivity to make title like the kind
of threat. In TT title, based on “ledakan” (explosion) and “dendam” (revenge), it
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shows to an allusion to which “revenge” has implied meaning to. It also becomes
the interactivity that interest readers since it is included in thriller terms.
Moreover, the third analysis is about tenor which ST and TT take
impersonalization which press to the objectivity of text. Furthermore, for stance of
lexical choices, the word “death” and “end” in ST represent negative meanings
that the author uses to create such feeling of negative attitude due to thriller
fiction. Meanwhile the word that stands out the most in TT is “revenge” which
already brings negative meanings, then noun “explosion” added, it makes an
emphasis used by the translator to construct negative attitude. Therefore, the
evaluative expression is used in ST and TT are assumed attitude as well, since the
title is built in the form of main idea. Thus, tenor in this data is equivalent.
iv.
Data 15
Code
ST
TT
Field
Mode
Tenor
15/ST/ThG/
Ordeal by
Mata Rantai
√
√
√
OBI/MRH
Innocence
yang Hilang
In analysis of field, ST title uses “ordeal” means s a very difficult situation
which is a general word that represents the usual plot of thriller. Meanwhile, TT
title takes dictions “Mata Rantai” (link)that also match the detective or mystery
term. Added by the diction, “yang Hilang” (missing) that gives impression for
riddles. Moreover, by the dictions chosen for ST and TT, “ordeal” could be
represented by “mata rantai yang hilang” as the description of situation.
Therefore, both texts are equivalent.
Moreover, the second analysis is about mode in which ST has 0.7 point
and TT has1 point for lexical density.Diction “innocence”, “ordeal” and “Mata
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Rantai yang Hilang” show thriller terms. They all seem intriguing that could be
interactivity for target readership.
For tenor analysis, ST and TT titles which are constructed in a phrase,
included in impersonalization since there is no personal derivatives inside text.
However, they have strong lexical choices for “ordeal” and “innocence” that goes
for negative meanings and causes implied negatives perspectives. It is then
functioned by author to create one such negative atmosphere and attitude of what
thriller is usually like. Meanwhile, TT uses “mata rantai” as the word which
could relate to thriller term, added to an adjective “yang hilang” which brings
negative meaning. Thus, the evaluative expressions for both texts are assumed
attitude since the words that is displayed is implied to be supposed to.
v.
Data 18
Code
ST
TT
Field
Mode
Tenor
18/ST/RoG
Pernikahan
Bed of Roses
√
√
√
/BOR/PT
Terindah
In the analysis of field, data 18 is considered to have the same field as
dictions “bed”, “roses”, “pernikahan” (wedding) and “terindah” (the most
beautiful) represent the same idea. Each one is included in romance term that is
often used. Diction “bed” in ST and “pernikahan” in TT are the symbol words of
togetherness and comfort. For “roses” and “terindah” implies happiness meaning
instead. In addition, Bed of Roses is English idiom for ‘an easy, comfortable
situation” that is best replaced in Pernikahan Terindah(the most beautiful
wedding) that has the same picture represented.
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Furthermore, for the analysis of mode, ST has 0.7 point and TT has 1 point
for lexical density indicating that both titles are structured spontaneously. The
interactivity of SL on the choice of words that turns out to be idiom which makes
readers believe the story must be good and expected that way. Meanwhile, for TL
title uses allusion in the word “pernikahan” which attract readers for good
romance.
Moreover, the third analysis is tenor in which both texts use
impersonalization for no subjectivity within their texts. Anyhow, ST title uses the
stance of lexical choices for romance with “roses” and “bed”.With their meaning,
they are constructed to a positive attitude marking the romance to have happy
ending. Similarly, TT has positive meaning for words “pernikahan” and
“terindah” used by the translator to make a positive attitude. Thus, the evaluative
expressions found in these texts are assumed attitude since the title is put like it is
something factual in the first place.
vi.
Data 26
Code
ST
TT
Field
Mode
Tenor
26/ST/Ro
Overbite
Terpikat
√
√
√
G/Ov/Te
In the analysis of field, ST diction “overbite” and TT diction “terpikat”
(attracted) are considered equivalent. “Overbite” itself means ‘misalignment of
teeth in which the upper teeth is project over too far over the lower teeth when
mouth is closed’. Meanwhile, “terpikat” means ‘to get drawn attention to
someone else’. The word definitions seem different, but the expression appears
equivalently for describing a situation where things are out of control naturally.
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Secondly, for mode analysis, ST and TT have 1 point for lexical density
which means both titles are spontaneous in structural way. Both data also show
the same way of text produced by acquiring a word for title.Thus, it is the part of
interactivity in text that is used to encourage readers’ curiosity.
Thirdly, in the analysis of tenor, the two texts that do not project any
subjectivity take for impersonalization. Both titles also display negative meaning
by lexical choices. ST’s “overbite” negatively means the situation of something
bites off more than it should. It is used by the author to construct the same attitude
and ambience to how the story goes. “Attracted” in TT is also directed more
negatively because it shows no control to oneself in handling circumstance of
feeling. Hence, the evaluative attitude used for both texts, which appear to be the
same, is assumed attitude in which needs for other statement to complete the
entire meaning.
vii.
Data 30
Code
ST
TT
Field
Mode
Tenor
30/ST/RoG
Secret Fire
Bersemi di Rusia
√
√
√
/SF/BDR
In the analysis of field, dictions that are related in romance term are
“secret”, “fire” and “bersemi” (growing). Those dictions indicate meanings for
‘passion and sparks’ romantically based on the context. Therefore, in the term of
field, both texts are equivalent since TT could represent what is meant in ST.
Furthermore, in the analysis of mode, ST has 1 point and TT has 0.7 point
for lexical density that means the structure of both titles are spontaneous. ST uses
allusion in Secret Fire asan impression of the story inside to be beautiful and
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romantic. Meanwhile, TT uses “Russia” as it is believed to be the setting of story
as the interactivity. This detail interests readers in feeling intimate with the story
before even reading it.
Lastly, for the tenor analysis, ST and TT useimpersonalization that
indicates there is no subjectivity. Lexical choices “secret” and “fire” are strong
ones that stand for ‘passion’. It also prevails in TT title that “bersemi” indicates
for positive attitude in text. Hence, both texts are in assumed attitude since the
title appears in the construction of a main argument.
In conclusion, the analyses above succeed in accomplishing the goal of
field, mode and tenor which are equivalent. Field is equivalent since both texts
could replace and represent each other in the same meaning and contexts. Mode is
equivalent because all data are written texts. Besides, tenor is equivalent when
both texts have standing and attitude which are constructed by the
author/translator to appear as a complete substation.
b. Not Equivalent Translation
The not equivalent translation of the first problem formulation this in
study is marked by field, mode and tenor that appear differently.There are 23 not
equivalent translations in this study which are divided into 3 categories since the
mode in this analysis is automatically equivalent. 8 translations have the same
field and mode, but different tenor (√√X); 4 translations have different field, but
the same mode and tenor (X√√); and 11 translations results the same mode, but
different field and tenor (X√X).
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1. The Target Text Has the Same Field and Mode, but Different Tenor from
Source Text
i.
Data 4
Code
ST
TT
Field
Mode
Tenor
Pembunuhan di
4/ST/ThG/ Hickory Dickory
X
Pondokan
√
√
Dock
HDD/PPM
Mahasiswa
In data 4, ST title tends to present the title in a form of clues which uses
onomatopoeia to make it more interesting. As the genre of book is thriller, thus,
the idea is gotten from reading the title is the mystery happened in the Hickory
Dickory Dock which could be any crime could possibly demand salvation.
Meanwhile, the TT title to be translated back in English would be “the Murder in
Student Hostel”. However, based on that title, the expectation of TT readers who
only glance in a second would get the idea that the book is practically about
mystery, crime or detective things involved, which cover the whole materials
needed as thriller. To relate them both with each other, the murder in the student
hostel may be known as the infamous hickory Dickory dock. Furthermore, the
field which is represented through the two titles are covered up that there is a
mystery of the dock which is actually called dock.
ST has 1 point and TT has 0.75 points for lexical density which shows
spontaneity in texts. ST which is constructed as onomatopoeia could be engaged
with readers curiosity by “sounding” the clues. Meanwhile, TT is more open and
precise in mentioning the mystery itself.
Thirdly, in the analysis of tenor, in ST and TT are impersonalization. The
words “hickory”, ”dock”, “murder” and “student hostel” which carry the unusual
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ambience that it is rare to hear, find and see in daily life making negative
meanings towards texts. Therefore, ST is in triggered attitude which create the
atmosphere of "hickory dickory dock” leaving the rest of it for readers to imply.
Meanwhile, TT is asserted attitude in which the TT title is made quite openly for
every reader to get the same idea once they read the title.
ii.
Data 9
Code
ST
TT
Field
Mode
Tenor
9/ST/ThG/
The Moving
Pena Beracun
X
√
√
TMF/PB
Finger
In the analysis of field, ST diction “finger” is replaced by “pena” (pen) in
TT title. Both words are correlated because it is the form of symbol. The adjective
dictions “moving” and “beracun” (poisoned) are details that indicates the titles
uses intriguing words as riddles or hints of mystery. As the words create the same
impression, therefore both texts are considered equivalent.
Then, in the analysis of mode, ST has 0.7 point and TT has 1 point for
lexical density indicating that both titles are structured spontaneous. Both texts
have interactivity in choice of adjectives “moving” and “beracun” (poisoned)
which construct intriguing words for thriller term.
In the tenor analysis, ST and TT titles get into impersonalizationas there is
objectivity within text.The lexical choices of “moving” and “beracun” (poisoned)
are the ones used by the author and translator to create negative attitude since both
words have negative meanings. That suits thriller term as well. Hence, the
evaluative expression in ST is triggered attitude because the title is formed in the
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way where readers could imply more from what it appears. However, TT tends to
be assumed attitude as the way title is constructed onto supposing mode.
iii.
Data 7
Code
ST
TT
Field
Mode
Tenor
7/ST/ThG/S
Sparkling
Kenangan
√
√
X
C/KK
Cyanide
Kematian
In the analysis of field, dictions which are included in thriller terms are
“cyanide” and “kematian” (death). The other details of “sparkling” and
“kenangan” (memories) complete the thriller dictions to indicate that the titles are
about hints or clues of mysteries. Although the word meanings are different, the
role of message conveyed is equivalently fulfilled by both texts.
The second analysis is about mode in which either ST or TT 1 point for
lexical density has, showing that both texts have spontaneous structures
constructed as titles. The interactivity of text is onto dictions which are “cyanide”
and “kematian”. Both words are best to present thriller or mystery terms which are
the interactivity part of text.
Furthermore, in tenor analysis, ST and TT titles are included in
impersonalization since there is no personal pronoun or address of term that
readers could directly refer to. Nonetheless, the lexical choices “cyanide” and
“kematian” are words used for negative attitude in texts by the author and
translator. Hence, the evaluative expression is used in ST text is triggered attitude
because the title does not really open identity and leaves enough parts for readers
to imply the rest. Meanwhile, TT title is in asserted attitude because itsounds
relative that the meaning of phrase is open for receivers to disagree/agree.
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iv.
Data 16
Code
ST
TT
Field
Mode
Tenor
16/ST/Ro
G/Re/SPH
Reckless
Sang Penggoda
Hati
√
√
X
In the analysis of field, ST title Reckless uses allusion that means ‘without
thought of danger’. The diction is relates to feeling expression. Meanwhile, TT
uses diction “Sang Penggoda Hati” (the tempter) which is a connotation refers to
characters of the story. Based on word meanings and its expression, both texts are
included in romance term. They are also equivalently able to represent the same
idea intended, although there are differences in perspectives on how texts served.
Furthermore, in the mode analysis, ST has 1 point and TT has 0.7 point for
lexical density indicating that both titles are spontaneous. Dictions “reckless” and
“penggoda” (tempter) are the interactivity in both texts since both intend for
romantic terms. They have ‘heavy’ meaning for ‘flirtatious’ which could be
selling point of text.
In tenor analysis, ST title is in impersonalization since there is no
subjectivity bias in text. However, TT is down to personalization since
“penggoda” implies to a character in story that is underplayed in such name.
Moreover, as the mode created in texts are ‘flirtatious’ romance, therefore
“reckless” and “penggoda” have roles that carry negative attitude constructed.
Thus, the evaluative expression for ST is asserted attitude.Since the title is
asserted in the form of an adjective which functioned as affectedness.Meanwhile,
TT title is assumed attitude since there is only agency in title so that it needs
another argument to follow up.
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v.
Data 17
Code
ST
TT
Field
Mode
Tenor
17/ST/Ro
Sang Penjerat
Breathless
√
√
X
G/Br/SPH
Hati
In the analysis of field, ST uses Breathless that means ‘exciting and
intense’ in romance term. On the other hand, TT title uses diction “Sang Penjerat
Hati” (the trapper) which has denotation meaning for ‘seduction’ and included in
romance term. In this instance, both titles are equivalent because the meanings of
words are related with each other. ST title stands with ‘exciting and intense’ and
TT stands with ‘seductive’.
The second analysis is about mode of text that ST has 1 point and TT has
0.7 point for lexical density showing both titles are spontaneous. Moreover, ST
that is an adjective is the interactivity that encourages readers’ curiosity.
Meanwhile, TT uses diction “Sang Penjerat Hati” (the trapper) as allusion in title.
Lastly, in tenor analysis, ST title is impersonalization because there is no
subjectivity bias found in the text. However, TT title is personalization since
“penjerat” implies a character in story. The lexical choices “breathless” and
“penjerat hati” are lexical choices used by author and translator to construct
negative attitude towards ‘seductive’ vibe. Hence, the evaluative expression in TT
is assumed attitude since the word is an agent and has “occupation” attached to
and known for. Meanwhile, in ST is asserted attitude because the title is only
constructed by one adjective word that could mean more than what it actually is
implied.
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vi.
Data 21
Code
ST
TT
Field
Mode
Tenor
21/ST/RoG
/FRI/CTT
Fools Rush in
Cinta Tiba-tiba
√
√
X
In the analysis of field, dictions “rush in” and “tiba-tiba” (sudden) have
the same meaning. Then, seeing the contexts, “cinta” (love) is also possible to
replace the word “fools” which usually becomes the connotations of love
expression in romance. Therefore, the fields in this data are equivalent because
they appear to have the same expression for text.
Secondly, in the mode analysis, ST has 0.7 point and TT has 1 point for
lexical density indicating that both titles are spontaneous in structure. The words
“fools”, “rush in”, and “cinta tiba-tiba” imply more to negative meanings because
of the allusion. Therefore, that could be interactivity that encourages readers’
curiosity.
In the tenor analysis, both texts are impersonalization since there is no
subjectivity in texts. However, lexical choices “fools”, “rush in” and “cinta tibatiba” are made use by the author/translator to construct negative attitude in
romance. Nonetheless, ST is in triggered attitude since there is agency and
affectedness inside title, but readers could imply more from it. Meanwhile, TT
title is assumed attitude because it is constructed in a statement form.
vii.
Data 23
Code
ST
TT
Field
Mode
Tenor
23/ST/RoG
/EBY/PT
Every Breath You
Take
PulauTakdir
√
√
X
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In the analysis of field, ST uses phrase Every Breath You Take that
commonly indicatesa piece of beautiful words in poem or love song lyric. The
diction is more into poetic meaning. Meanwhile, “takdir” (fate)in TT is also
romance word. By the allusion of ST title, it could relate to TT title “Pulau
Takdir” (Land of Fate) since it shows the same idea.
For the mode analysis, ST has 0.75 and TT has 1 point for lexical density
which means both titles are spontaneous. As the texts are into romance, therefore
the titles uses dictions and allusion to create romantic feeling. Every Breath You
Take and Pulau Takdir are quite to show the romantic expression so that it is the
interactivity of texts.
For tenor analysis, ST title is personalization because it contains personal
pronoun “you” that creates feeling subjectivity. Yet, TT is impersonalization for
its objectivity. The phrase in ST title and the word “takdir” are lexical choices
constructed to create positive attitude in this romance. Therefore, it results ST to
have triggered attitude as well since the title appears poetic which could be
implied more by readers. TT title is more towards assumed attitude because it is in
the form of argument.
viii.
Data 29
Code
ST
TT
Field
Mode
Tenor
29/ST/RoG
Killing Me Softly
Puncak Obsesi
√
√
X
/KMS/PO
The field in data 29 appears equivalent for dictions of titles that could
represent each other. “Killing” and “obsesi” (obsession) are strong words to mean
passion in romance term. By phrase “Killing Me Softly” and “Puncak Obsession”
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(Top Obsession), the impression of the field is the expression of troubling
situation in romantic way. Thus, ST and TT deliver the same idea.
Next, in the mode analysis, both texts have 1 point for lexical
densitymarking both titles are structured spontaneous. The word “killing” with
adverb “slowly” in ST and “obsesi” in TT are strong words that impress readers
that this fiction is this romance has troubling story. The other interactivity is the
pronoun “me” in ST diction creates intimacy for readers to relate the situation
when reading it.
Thirdly, in the analysis of tenor, both texts differ in standing. ST is
included in personalization because there is directive “me” within text that speaks
for the author. It creates intimacy to readers. However, TT has no subjectivity in
text that makes it as impersonalization. Moreover, as both texts are about
troubling romance, therefore the lexical choices “killing” and “obsesi” are words
used to construct negative meaning attitude in text. Thus, the evaluative
expression in TT is assumed attitude since the words given only imply to be main
statement. It is different from ST title that has triggered attitude because the title
could imply another meaning to readers.
In conclusion, the analyses above succeed in accomplishing the goal of
field and mode in texts which are equivalently the same. Field is equivalent since
both texts could replace and represent each other in the same meaning and
contexts. Mode is equivalent because all data are written texts. However, tenor is
not equivalent because the standing and attitudes in texts are not constructed in the
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same way. Therefore, the author and the translator use different perspectives and
ideas for one text.
2. The Target Text Has the Same Mode, but Different Field and Tenor from
Source Text
i.
Data 1
Code
ST
TT
Field
Mode
Tenor
1/ST/ThG/ By the Pricking
Rumah di Tepi
√
X
X
BPM
of My Thumb
Kanal
In the field analysis, ST has diction “pricking” that included in thriller
term for its meaning. As a whole title, ST appears intriguing by using the
expression of pain. However, it is not conveyed the same way in TT title that uses
dictions “rumah” (house) and ”di tepi kanal” (at the edge of canal). The
expression and description of mystery in ST is not equivalent with TT title which
only appears as a setting in details.
Secondly, in mode analysis, both texts have 0.5 point for lexical density
showing that both titles are spontaneous. ST title appears by the expression of
pain in “pricking” and “my thumb”. That is the interactivity which makes
intimacy with readers. Meanwhile, TT title attracts readers using setting that could
be hints.
For the tenor study, both texts are included in impersonalization for the
absence of objectivity. Lexical choices “pricking” and “di tepi kanal” are words
that carry negative vibe for texts. They make texts seems thriller and mysterious.
Hence, ST is in triggered attitude because the title is constructed in the way it
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could imply more than what is written. Meanwhile, TT is in assumed attitude as it
tends to be a piece of information for the story inside book.
ii.
Data 5
Code
ST
TT
Field
Mode
Tenor
5/ST/ThG/
Peril at the End
Hotel Majestic
X
√
X
PEH/HM
House
In the analysis data 5, the ST and TT are considered not equivalent. That
happens because there is no diction in TT that could represent or signify the idea
conveyed in ST. Meanwhile, the only word that is in thriller term is “peril” in ST
which means ‘danger’. To see what is in TT, “hotel” and “majestic” only possibly
relates to setting or riddles in mystery.
For mode analysis, ST has 0.6 point and TT has 1 point for lexical density
which means both titles are spontaneous. The words “peril”, “end house”, and
“hotel majestic” are the interactivity of texts because they contain riddles or clues
for mystery story.
For tenor analysis, both titles are in impersonalization which is caused by
the absence of subjectivity in text. As the words that become interactivity in text
mode, those lexical choices are also constructed to make negative attitude.
However, ST ends up in assumed attitude because the way the title is presented is
more to a statement. Meanwhile, TT title is asserted attitude since the title is
asserted in “majestic” word.
iii.
Data 8
Code
ST
TT
Field
Mode
Tenor
8/ST/ThG/
TC/MM
The Clocks
Mayat Misterius
X
√
X
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In data 8, the texts are also not equivalent because ST uses diction
“clocks” that symbolize for clues or hints; meanwhile, TT picks “mayat” (corpse)
and “misterius” (mysterious) which more onto the text content. In addition, the
words also do not signify the same expression or imply ideas in equivalence.
showing both titles are spontaneous. ST uses “clock” that has interactivity role as
a riddle to notice. However, TT sells out in thriller dictions with “mayat” and
“misterius” to make more intriguing impression.
Furthermore, both have tenor that circle in impersonalization as there is no
subjectivity. However, the attitude is created by these texts appears different. TT
dictions “mayat misterius” are the construction of translator to make negative
attitude in text. Whereas, “clock” in ST carries neutral meaning that only
functions as clues or riddles in text. Thus, ST is triggered attitude because the text
appears to be more to imply. Meanwhile, TT is asserted attitude since the title
appears with relative form for adjective “misterius”.
iv.
Data 10
Code
ST
TT
Field
Mode
Tenor
10/ST/ThG
Misteri
X
The Pale Horse
X
√
/TPH/MPT
Penginapan Tua
In the term of field, texts in data 10 are not equivalent. ST title comes
blurry with diction “pale horse” which could be anything that relates to names or
clues. Meanwhile, TT has “misteri”(mystery) and “old” (tua) that relate to thriller
term in mysterious way. Anyhow, there is no correlation of meaning and words
above to substitute each other. That is why data 10 is not equivalent.
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For the text mode, ST has 0.7 and TT has 1 point for lexical density
indicating that both titles are spontaneous. The interactivity of ST and TT texts are
dictions in title that signify clues of mystery even though they present different
the kind of clues.
Moreover, for the text tenor, ST and TT are in impersonalization since
there is no subjectivity formed. “Pale”, “misteri” and “tua” are words with
negative meanings. Hence, those lexical choices are used in both texts that are
constructed to make negative attitude. Thus, ST is in triggered attitude as the title
could imply to different directions from what it is intended by author. Yet, TT is
in assumed attitude since the title is constructed to be like truth.
v.
Data 11
Code
ST
TT
Field
Mode
Tenor
Why Didn’t
Pembunuhan di
They Ask
X
X
√
Balik Kabut
Evan?
In data 11, ST title is in the form of question, meanwhile TT in the
11/ST/ThG/
WDT/PBK
statement. TT has dictions “Pembunuhan” (murder) and “di Balik Kabut” (behind
fog) that indicates mystery in thriller terms. ST has diction “ask” and name
“Evan” that signify something big to be put in title. They indicate the clues of
mystery because of intriguing sentence arrangement. Although both texts imply
for clues or riddles, the significance of dictions are out of connection. That is why
the field in this data is considered not equivalent.
In the mode analysis, ST has 0.6 and TT has 0.5 point for lexical density
showing that both titles are spontaneous. In ST, the interrogative form is the
interactivity of text because it directly address to audience which creates intimacy.
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Meanwhile, in TT “di Balik Kabut” is the part that interest readers because it
arouses curiosity towards character in story.
Next, in tenor analysis, ST is onto personalization since there are “they”
and “Evan” that indicate personal pronoun that involve readers directly. In TT
there no subjectivity therefore it is in impersonalization. The words “why”,
“didn’t”, “ask”, “pembunuhan” and “di balik Kabut” are negative words in the
text to construct negative attitude for thriller. On the other hand, ST is also in
different attitude from TT, that it is triggered attitude because the title construction
affect readers to imply more than what is served. Therefore TT is in assumed
attitude since it is written in statement form.
vi.
Data 13
Code
ST
TT
Field
Mode
Tenor
13/ST/ThG
Buku Harian
Crooked House
X
√
X
/CH/BHJ
Josephine
In the analysis of field, ST and TT show not equivalent result. ST appears
with “crooked” and “house” that indicates thriller term. Meanwhile, TT goes with
clues with diction “Buku Harian” (diary) and “Josephine” name. Based on the
meaning of words imply, there is no relations of both texts. That is why the field
of data 1 is not equivalent.
For the mode of text, ST and TT have 1 point for lexical density which
means they have spontaneous structures for titles. By the dictions are used in
texts, those phrases points for clues and riddles. That becomes the interactivity to
encourage readers’ curiosity towards the relation of object and thriller story.
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On the tenor analysis, both texts are identified as impersonalization since
there is no subjectivity. “Crooked” and “Buku Harian” are lexical choices used
towards negative attitude in text. “Crooked” plays part for negative meaning while
“Buku Harian” plays part as the clues in detective story. Therefore, ST is in
asserted attitude since there is an adjective in text which affects relativity. TT is in
assumed attitude as the title is made in an argument.
vii.
Data 14
Code
ST
TT
Field
Mode
Tenor
14/ST/ThG
/SJR/SSK
See Jane Run
Serpih-serpih
Kenangan
X
√
X
In data 14, the analysis of field results not equivalent. ST has dictions
“see”, “Jane” and “run” which are not substituted by TT dictions “serpih-serpih”
(pieces) and “kenangan” (memories). Although dictions in ST and TT indicate for
riddles or hints, the idea in ST could be completely conveyed and expressed in
TT. Therefore, the field of this data is not equivalent.
On the other hand, both texts have 1 point for lexical density indicating
both titles are spontaneous. In ST, there are nouns “see” and “run” in between
position of name of pronoun “Jane. Thus, it is interactivity makes readers feel
directed in spontaneity. In TT, the impression “serpih-serpih kenangan” is the
interactivity to interest readers.
On tenor analysis, ST uses personalization since there is directive by the
word “see” makes the text title more alive and related to audiences. Meanwhile,
TT uses impersonalization for no subjectivity in text. As for thriller term, “see”,
“run”, “serpih-serpih” and “kenangan” are words used to construct negative
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attitude since they carries negative meaning and vibe within. Hence, ST has
triggered attitude because the title makes readers to imply more for meaning
behind. TT is in assumed attitude as it is written in supposed mode.
viii.
Data 19
Code
ST
TT
Field
Mode
Tenor
Lukisan
19/ST/Ro
The Shell Seekers
X
X
√
Kesayangan
G/TSS/LK
In data 19, ST and TT titles are not equivalent because both titles show
different ideas implied. Both ST and TT do not have romantic term, but the
dictions could point to the significant objects in romance story. Therefore, in the
term of field, as each word in texts could not represent the same idea, this data is
considered not equivalent.
On the mode analysis, ST has 0.7 and TT has 1 point for lexical density
showing spontaneous structures for titles. The interactivity in these titles is the use
of objects “shell seekers” and “lukisan” (painting) that is believed inside story to
interest readers without spilling too many details.
For tenor analysis, both ST and TT in is include in impersonalization for
no subjectivity displayed through title. Based on lexical choices used in texts, the
attitude that is formed in text is neutral attitude for romance. ST author uses words
with neutral meaning, but TT translator adds “kesayangan” to make it romantic
and construct positive attitude to text. Thus, Both ST and TT are in assumed
attitude since the title are constructed in supposing mode.
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ix.
Data 20
Code
ST
TT
Field
Mode
Tenor
20/ST/RoG
Sang Penakluk
√
X
Shameless
X
/Sh/SPH
Hati
In the term of field, ST has diction “shameless” that refers to either
character or situation in story. TT has diction “penakluk hati” (heart conqueror)
that refers to character. As both dictions might be used as connotation in romance,
but there is no relations among two texts because each text present different
expression and impression. That is why data 20 is not equivalent.
For the mode analysis, ST has 1 and TT has 0.7 point for lexical density
that means both titles are spontaneous. The words “shameless” and “penakluk
hati” are texts’ interactivity as they contain allusion and connotation that make
titles beautiful as in romance terms.
In tenor analysis, ST title is in impersonalization for showing no
subjectivity. On the other hand, TT title is in personalization for “penakluk”
(conqueror) that is underplayed as character of the story. Moreover, “shameless”
and “penakluk” are lexical words used in text that leads to negative attitude.
Hence, TT is in assumed attitude since there is only an agency in text that makes it
a statement. Meanwhile, ST is in asserted attitude because of agency absence in
text.
x.
Data 27
Code
ST
TT
Field
Mode
Tenor
27/ST/RoG
/SB/MS
Separate Beds
Milikmu
Seutuhnya
X
√
X
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In the field analysis, data 27 show contrast ideas that are not equivalent.
ST has diction “separate beds” that means ‘being apart’. It contrasts to TT dictions
“milikmu” (yours) and “seutuhnya” (completely) that means ‘being together’.
Although they all uses romance terms, but the expression implied is very
different. Therefore, the field is not equivalent as it differs impression too.
showing that they are spontaneous titles. ST uses “separate beds” that carries
negative meaning as the interactivity. Meanwhile, TT uses all romance terms in
dictions to make an expectation that the story would end happily.
For tenor analysis, both texts are down to impersonalization because there
is no subjectivity within text. As ST uses lexical choices “separate” with word
“bed”, it leads to negative attitude in story. Thus, ST is in assumed attitude in title
which only has affectedness in text. However, TT constructs positive attitude with
“milikmu” and “seutuhnya” for happy romance. Hence, TT is in asserted attitude
because the word “seutuhnya” that seems arguable.
xi.
Data 28
Code
ST
TT
Field
Mode
Tenor
28/ST/Ro
Abandon
Yang Terpilih
X
√
X
G/Ab/YT
Data 28 also has contrast field between ST and TT. ST has diction
“abandon” which is more into negative meaning. Whereas, TT has “yang terpilih”
(the chosen one) that seems positive. Since the word of meaning is different,
therefore idea transferred is also not equivalent.
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In the term of mode, ST has 1 and TT has 0.5 point for lexical density
indicating both titles are spontaneous. The interactivity of textsis both titles use
minimum number of word.That also builds the spontaneity of texts.
For tenor analysis, both texts are also use impersonalization since there is
no objectivity within texts. The lexical choices in text are contrast to each other.
ST uses “abandon” which affects negative attitude because the author possibly
wants to make a twist of story. TT uses “yang terpilih” to construct positive
attitude for romance instead. Nevertheless, ST and TT are in assumed attitude
because both texts suppress affectedness when constructed as title.
In conclusion, the analyses above succeed in accomplishing equivalent
mode because all data are written texts. Field is not equivalent because both texts
do not have dictions and expression represent the same meaning and contexts. In
addition, tenor is not equivalent because the standing and attitudes in texts are not
constructed by the translator in the same way. Therefore, the author and him feel
like put different perspectives and ideas for one text.
3. Target Text Has the Same Mode and Tenor, but Different Field from
Source Text
i.
Data 3
Code
ST
TT
Field
Mode
Tenor
3/ST/ThG/
Mengungkit
Five Little Pigs
X
√
√
FLP/MP
Pembunuhan
In data 3, ST uses allusion of “pigs” in referring to ‘the culprit or victim’
character in the story. TT uses thriller terms with “mengungkit” (prying) and
“pembunuhan” (murder) instead. Apparently, dictions used in texts above mean
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different that could not represent each other. Therefore the expression on how the
story might be is also different. Hence, the field in data 3 is not equivalent.
For the text mode, ST and TT have 1 point for lexical density indicating
both titles are spontaneous. ST has interactivity by using allusion that sounds like
the famous fable Three Little Pigs to make it seems familiar or symbolize the
same experience. TT uses thriller terms whereas to make it noticeable as thriller
text for TT receivers.
Then, to tenor analysis, ST and TT titles are in impersonalization for the
absence of subjectivity. “Pigs” and ”pembunuhan” are the lexical choices used in
texts that construct negative attitude. “Pigs” creates ugly persona to whatever it is
referred to and “murder” always stands for something negative. Therefore, both
texs are included in assumed attitude because the title is structured in the form of
main argument like how assumptions work.
ii.
Data 22
Code
ST
TT
Field
Mode
Tenor
The Twelve
Dua Belas Hari
Nights of
X
√
√
Terindah
Christmas
In the analysis of field, this data actually has the same idea, but there is
22/ST/RoG
/TNC/DBH
replacement in TT from ST that makes different impression. ST uses dictions
“nights of Christmas” which means for ‘joy’ like how Christmas always
represents. TT replaces it instead with “hari terindah” (most beautiful days)
which also contain ‘joy’. However, what makes this data not equivalent is that the
expression and impression both texts are quite different since TT words appear
less special as ST does.
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For the mode of text, ST has 0.6 and TT has 0.7 point for lexical density
showing that both titles are spontaneous. The interactivity of text is “nights of
Christmas” and “hari terindah” which appear like beautiful for romantic story.
For tenor analysis, ST and TT use impersonalization due to absence of
subjectivity in text title. “Christmas” and “terindah” are lexical choices used in
text to construct positive attitude. They are used to make romantic ambience for
titles. Therefore, both texts are included in assumed attitude since the construction
of title leads to be the main argument.
iii.
Data 24
Code
ST
TT
Field
Mode
Tenor
24/ST/RoG
Selalu dan
Bright Eyes
X
√
√
/BE/SDS
Selamanya
In the field analysis, ST has dictions “bright” and “eyes” that signify as
symbols in story. Whereas TT has dictions “selalu dan selamanya” (always and
forever) that refers to romantic expression. Therefore, in the term of field, both
texts are not equivalent since the dictions are used to replace each other cannot
represent the same expression. Thus, the impression would be different too.
showing both texts are constructed spontaneous. Titles “bright eyes” and “selalu
dan selamanya” are text interactivity that imply to beautiful connotation.
Therefore, the readers would see the text to have happy romance.
The tenor in this data appears in impersonalization since both texts have
no objectivity bias within texts. Moreover, “bright”, “selalu dan selamanya” are
the lexical choices that are used to construct positive attitude in texts. Therefore, it
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demands happy romance. Hence, ST and TT are assumed attitude since the
composition and dictions used in phrase are for supposing.
iv.
Data 25
Code
ST
TT
Field
Mode
Tenor
25/ST/RoG/
Gairah Cinta
Fires of Winter
X
√
√
FOW/GCV
Viking
In the analysis of field, in ST “fires” and “winter” are used to symbolize
romance term. Meanwhile, TT uses “gairah cinta” (passion) and “Viking” to
present the idea of romance from a character. Consequently, the ideas created are
not equivalent. The allusion of ST dictions could mean more than what TT
presents. Meanwhile TT presents too specific description.
that shows both titles are spontaneous. The word “fires”, ‘winter” and “gairah
cinta” are strong words that are used as text interactivity. They could hint a
particular fantasy in romance for readers.
In the term of tenor, both ST and TT have impersonalization category for
no subjectivity in texts. Since the word “fires”, “winter” and “gairah cinta” carry
strong impression in romance term, therefore it construct negative attitude. Thus,
both texts are in assumed attitude since the titles are constructed in the form of
argument.
In conclusion, the analyses above only succeed in accomplishing goal of
mode and tenor to be considered equivalent. Field is not equivalent because TT
cannot replace ST with the same expression and impression that convey the same
idea. On the other hand, mode is equivalent because all data are written texts.
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Besides, tenor is equivalent when both texts have standing and attitude which are
constructed by the author/translator to appear as a complete substation.
To sum up the analysis of equivalence, here is the chart showing the
equivalence translation of 30 English fictional book titles.
The Translation Equivalence
data result
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Equivalent Translation
The same Field, Mode and
Tenor
Not Equivalent
Translation
7
The Same Field and Mode;
Different Tenor
8
different field; the same
mode and tenor
4
The Same Mode; different
Field and Tenor.
11
Chart 4.1. Equivalence Translation of Analysis Result Using
Communicative Effectiveness
Based on the chart above, there are only 7 data that are equivalent. The
equivalent translation is depended on the accomplishment of Field, Mode and
Tenor to be the same. The chart also suggests that 23 data remaining are not
equivalent translation for not being able to fulfill the same categorization of field,
mode and tenor.
A. The Translation Acceptability Assessment
The second part of analysis in this study is about acceptability usingthe
method of acceptability adjusts to Nababan’s score and categorization.The jury is
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shortened and modified only into two categories marked (1) acceptable and (2)
less acceptable. The analysis garnered 30 respondents to fill in the questionnaires
which include TT qualities in Indonesian reporting fictional book titles and its
blurb in Indonesian version.
Thus, these analysis data puts Indonesian blurb which has been backtranslated in English. The aim is to examine how functional the blurbs fulfill the
acceptability for TT receivers and its context.
In addition, the elaboration of acceptability is arranged based on
acceptability and less acceptability order here as fallen:
1. The Acceptability Translation in the Analysis Using Target Text’s Blurb
In this analysis, the acceptable data have been measured using score and
categorization written by Nababan to find the average score in the scale of 1.001.5. The average score is derived from the sum total of score questionnaires taken
and done by respondents and divided by numbers of respondents. There are 27
data that are acceptable based on this study.
i.
Data 1
Code
ST
TT
Average
Score
1/ST/ThG/BPM
/RTK
By the Pricking of My
Thumb
Rumah di Tepi
Kanal
1.2
Rumah di Tepi Kanal presents a story in blurb about the curiosity of
character named Tuppence who stared at a painting which dazzled him with its
familiarity of having seen a house that is an object of painting. As he is in the state
of feeling strange, he decided to take a train, searching for a house of the painting.
Started from that, he took an adventure that made him involve into a murder case
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repressed from the past. And, the murderer was waiting for him in that house—a
house at the edge of canal.
Collected from critics and suggestions written out in questionnaires, the
translation of blurb is already well-written to match with title. It is proved by 23
of 30 respondents who consider it acceptable. Moreover, the title name Rumah di
Tepi Kanal (House at the Edge of Canal) is also mentioned in the last line
paragraph that signifies the title covers the content.In addition, the beginning of
blurb also inserts “house” that makes the character begins to adventure. Hence,
that is why most respondents agree that data 1 acceptable.
ii.
Data 3
Code
ST
TT
Average
Score
3/ST/ThG/FL
P/MP
Five Little Pigs
Mengungkit
Pembunuhan
1.4
The back cover of TT book tells the story of Amyas Crale’s murder which
made a fuss in city and put him in a bad name. Until 16 years later, his jealous
wife was accused and sentenced to life due to the shocking homicide. It was all
left to Carla, the Crale’s daughter, who was certain that her mother was
innocence, confronted Hercule Poirot to the tempting challenge: cleaned her
mother’s name by coming back to the homicide scene and searched for fatal
absence in that perfect crime.
By reading the TT back cover above, the connection of title and blurb
could be seen clearly. The title Mengungkit Pembunuhan (prying the murder) is
obviously related to the scenario. What it is to be “pried” is the perfect crime
which made Carla lost her father to grave and her mother to jail. Along with
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Poirot, she became the character who pries the murder. Hence, 18 of 30
respondents considered it acceptable that results score 1.4.
iii.
Data 5
Code
5/ST/ThG/
PEH/HM
ST
TT
Average
Score
Peril at the End House
Hotel Majestic
1.5
From the original story of the back cover of ST, data 5 tells about a three
fatal accidents in three days happened to a young girl who lived alone in End
House. It made Hercule Poirot, a detective, suspicious whether they were pure
accidents or not. As being interested, he decided to help out. Apparently, another
accident occurred, with another victim was another girl.
Moreover, TT title translation of Hotel Majestic (Majestic Hotel) is
actually nowhere to concern with the idea represents in blurb. However, to
connect one thing to another, the TT blurb appears to drag around End House
which happens to be setting in ST title. Besides, from what ST title and TT blurbs
express in each selected words, it constructs readers’ guess and imagination that
Hotel Majestic is another name of End House.Thus, the connection influences 16
of 30 respondents select it as acceptable.
However, putting aside from respondents’ response, TT title does not
complement the story given in blurb due to no correlation of “Majestic” and
“Hotel”. Besides, “End House”is hinted as where the poor girl lives impliesa
house or neighborhood name instead. Secondly, word “Majestic” does not really
signify a thing or support the word “Hotel” as well. Thus, although the average
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score of data 5 might result acceptability, there is so much lack of connection for
TT title and TT blurb making it more into less acceptable kind.
iv.
Data 7
Code
ST
TT
Average
Score
7/ST/ThG/SC/KK
Sparkling Cyanide
Kenangan
Kematian
1.3
Kenangan Kematian(Death Memories) talks about a mysterious letter
which was received by a husband of murder victim telling that his wife did not
commit suicide, but she was killed instead. Then it lead to chronological time
when his wife was suddenly dead after drinking champagne in her birthday in a
room full of suspecting people—mentioned with their relationship with the wife—
who may have to do with the man’s wife.
Moreover, 21 of 30 respondents pick the word “memories” isacceptable
enough to describe the content. “Memories” has much more covered about what
happened with wife during time in the room of people. Those are included good or
bad ones which they share together so that it connects to the story intended by
author.
v.
Data 8
Code
ST
TT
Average
Score
8/ST/ThG/TC/MM
The Clocks
Mayat Misterius
1.3
From TT blurb, the tale begins with the story of murder happened at the
house in Wilbraham Crescent, which had every comfort and beauty to live in.
However, then there was found a dead man killed by kitchen knife until it drew a
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young girl to follow the crowd to see what happened. Furthermore, strangeness
occurred to that girl with her surprise of a voice whispering to her ear that made
her turned around and found someone she did recognize. Within two minutes, the
girl became the next dead body killed after being choked.
Dictions “Mayat” (Dead body) and “Misterius” (Mysterious) are
considered connect to the blurb of TT title.It connects to a chain murder with big
questions of the murderer, the relationships with victims and the motives behind
action.”Misterius” covers for the ambience produced in the whole scene of blurb.
Meanwhile, ”mayat” takes part as one or two object characters that are being told
and drawn upon readers’ interests. Hence, 21 of 30 respondents agree that the
translation title of Mayat Misterius is acceptable.
vi.
Data 9
Code
ST
9/ST/ThG/TMF/PB The Moving Finger
TT
Average
Score
Pena Beracun
1.4
From the back cover of TT book it tells a mysterious letter coming from
London that making scene and scaring everyone. It was composed with pieces of
words cut and taken from a magazine. The writing itself meant hardly anything to
understand, but it took everyone’s breath away. The letters were the first thing
caused everyone scared to death, and the next thing happened, it started to take
lives for death. Everything was a sort of mystery and threat with big giant
question of whom will be the next for death.
By the significance of dictions “pena” (pen) and “beracun” (poisoned),
both relate to blurb content. In this context, “pena” symbolizes ‘writing’ and
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“beracun” covers all implicit story elements written out in book giving negative
influence through fright, threat and murder. Hence, 19 of 30 respondents consider
the title is acceptable for the content of blurb.
vii.
Data 10
Code
ST
TT
Average
Score
10/ST/ThG/TPH/MPT
The Pale Horse
Misteri
Penginapan Tua
1.4
The story began with a dying woman talked to Father Gorman with teary
eyes emitting a pain, insisting bad things happened lately was too cruel, “please
make it stop… It needs to stop…You have to…” For the moment, Pastor Gorman
firmly said to trust him and comforted her while tucking a paper full of names
mentioned by that old woman. It was a series of names without meanings; a list of
people names who have no similarity. Then, on his way home, Father Gorman
was killed, and the police found the list. Moreover, Mark Easterbrook started his
investigation towards those names, and he finally found connections between
them which lead him to a terrible pattern: everyone written down in the list had
died—or his guess, they were marked as the target of murder.
Dictions “misteri” (mystery) and “di penginapan tua” (in an old inn)builds
a thriller ambience for readers to expect the atmosphere of mystery. Meanwhile
“penginapan tua” likely refers to “an Old Inn” is the place where a series of
killings happened that makes a dying woman as the opening character in blurb
upset and asks for help from Father Gorman. In addition, it is supported by the
result 17 of 30 respondents who picked out data 10 acceptable.
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MERUPAKANTINDAKAN
TINDAKANTIDAK
TIDAKTERPUJI
TERPUJI
64
viii.
Data 11
Code
ST
TT
Average
Score
11/ST/ThG/WDT/PBK
Why Didn’t
They Ask Evan?
Pembunuhan di
Balik Kabut
1.3
The blurbbegan with short description of setting where the place was
surrounded by fog which slowly faded out. Then, story pointed out to a dying
man—aged about 40s, fainted and counted on his breath—who is lying on the
ground with all his exposure of brown curly hair, big nose, sturdy chin, a set of
white clean teeth seen from his crooked lips, and his pair of legs that are bent over
in a strange position. Until he suddenly opened his eyes and said one peculiar
sentence, ‘Why didn’t they call Evans?’, then followed by his body went
trembled, eyes and mouth shut closed afterwards… which meant he died.
In the analysis data 11, TT title has diction “kabut” (fog) that means
“muddle” signifying “confusion, blur and vague”. The dying man in blurb also fill
the story content which is still blur and unclear.On the other words, the dying
mind also utters his vague last sentence ‘why didn’t they call Evans?’ that
eventually gives the ambience of vague for the whole plot. That is why 20 of 30
respondents pick it out as acceptable.
ix.
Data 12
Code
ST
TT
Average
Score
12/ST/ThG/DCE/LD
Death Comes as
the End
Ledakan
Dendam
1.4
The TT book cover gave a very brief blurb in which it started with an old
40.000 years murder mentioned in the first thing. Next, the story continued with a
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woman named Renisenb who came back to her father’s house at the mountain side
of Nil river after her husband died. However, the luxurious home of that woman’s
father may incline to some other troublesome calling of greed, desire and murder.
TT title “Ledakan Dendam”(the explosion of revenge) refers the idea
conveyed in blurb.The title also describes the mystery of Reinensb’s father’s
house which drags over greed, desire and murder as the matters. Furthermore, the
titlealso could be the impact part or the result of the matters. Therefore, 17 of 30
respondents select this data as acceptable.
x.
Data 13
Code
ST
TT
Average
Score
13/ST/ThG/CH/BHJ
Crooked House
Buku Harian
Josephine
1.4
Buku Harian Josephine is the story about the Leonides who are known as
an affluent family lived in a big house at one great neighborhood in the side of
London city. Nonetheless, after the death of Aristidle Leonides, it was revealed
that one of family member was a murderer.
Based on the result of questionnaires, 18 of 30 respondents select the title
is acceptable for the content of blurb. However, to analyze deeper, the TT title
gives an odd representation to be matched in the same degree with its story behind
book cover. The name Josephine that occurs in title is not presented in blurb.That
turnsher into two options: she is either the key of revelation or the murderer as
mentioned. However, the writer argues that it is not supposed to be acceptable.
The reason follows is such as above that TT title fatally mentions a name as
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selling-point of book, but it does not give a little part for whoever is called
Josephine. Hence, it is very arguable to be called acceptable.
xi.
Data 14
Code
ST
TT
Average
Score
14/ST/ThG/SJR/SSK
See Jane Run
Serpih-serpih
Kenangan
1.4
The story began with a woman named Jane Whittaker who knew nothing
about her own name, age or what she looked like. In the state of confusion and
fear, she runs along the streets of Boston with a blood-covered dress and USD
10.000 money in her pocket. But, all she really felt was an empty life—her past
was gone…or stolen. On the other hand, what was left for her was a handsome
man who said as her husband, a rumor of dead little kid whom she didn’t
completely recall...and frightened feeling of bad things that may happen.
The word “kenangan” (memories)has role to speak for happen to the plot
and the character of Jane Whittaker. Along with “serpih-serpih” (pieces) diction,
TT title refers toher missing memories leading to questions to questions as the
chain plot in this story. Thus, the title also symbolizes an ambience of solving
puzzles of mystery like in thriller fictional book usually serves. Therefore, 19 of
30 respondents select it as acceptable.
xii.
Data 15
Code
ST
TT
Average
Score
15/ST/ThG/OBI/MRH
Ordeal by
Innocence
Mata Rantai
yang Hilang
1.2
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The blurb presented the character of a man named Jacko Argyle who was
accused of killing his own mother, and went to jail for that. However, he died in
the prison. Next, the story jumped on two years later with an unknown person
walked into home of the Argyles and destroyed the peace of the family. In the last
part, the blurb was closed with three questions: Could the stranger find a missing
link of Jacko’s case?; Had Jacko been punished for the murder he hadn’t ever
committed?; and, if Jacko never killed his mother, then who did?
The word “mata rantai” (link) signifies the closing question of blurb
which represents the circumstance of time sequence of the murderer case, what
happened to Jacko and the existence with the stranger. Above all, the word “yang
hilang” (missing)emphasizes missing part of murder that needs to be re-opened
and re-solved. Thus, 24 of 30 respondents consider it acceptable.
xiii. Data 16
Code
ST
TT
Average
Score
16/ST/RoG/Re/SPH
Reckless
Sang Penggoda
Hati
1.2
This is a story about a named Viscount Adrian Alistair Rohan. As he got
everything under his attractive face and behavior, Adrian never fails to flirt with
women…until he met Charlotte Spenser whom he saw is her was a good woman
to play around until he found any other women to flirt. The problem was Charlotte
was more than a woman in an ordinary figure, that she was actually an adorable
and smart woman.One thing led to another, Adrian got himself in the opposite
position with Charlotte turned out attracting him instead.
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The diction “sang penggoda hati” (the tempter) represents the whole
situation lies in story. In the beginning, Adrian is the tempterwhose all
attractiveness to flirt with women, including Charlotte Spenser who is out of his
league. Until things unexpected happen that Charlotte turns to be the tempter for
Adrian. Moreover, the idea and ambience written out in blurbbasically deals with
romantic and seductive flings. Thus, 25 of 30 respondents consider it acceptable.
xiv.
Data 17
Code
ST
TT
Average
Score
17/ST/RoG/Br/SPH
Breathless
Sang Penjerat
Hati
1.1
The story was preceded by the woman name Miranda Rohan whose bad
reputation in society for a bad decision she once took affecting her to live apart
from noblemen. Although she spent her days in happiness, she still felt something
was missing for her life. On the other side, there was Lucien de Malheur who
swore would take revenge towards the Rohans, which in fact he already began
with destroyed the life of Lady Miranda which somehow still did not feel enough
for himself. That was why he wanted more. He wanted to destroy and make more
sadness to that family. However, the twist of life consumed him when he found
that Miranda was not like what he thought, but charming. That made him
confused over two options whether to keep taking revenge, or grabbing a life he
had never even imagined.
Diction “Sang Penjerat Hati” (the trapper) describes and refers to both
characters. In the case of Lucien de Malheur, he is referred as the trapper for his
motives to plan and trap a revenge for Miranda. Meanwhile, in Miranda’s case,
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she is referred as the trapper as she has a charming effect to unintentionally trap
and turn around Lucien’s game of revenge. Hence, 26 of 30 respondents consider
it as acceptable.
xv.
Data 18
Code
ST
TT
Average
Score
18/ST/RoG/BOR/PT
Bed of Roses
Pernikahan
Terindah
1.3
TT back book cover presented a story of Emmaline Grant who worked
hard to have a beautiful wedding of her dreams. As she worked in Vows—a firm
of wedding planner which she established with her three best friends—with a
great contenting career, yet her love life didn’t go that contenting. Even though
she did believe in love, Emma had never found the man she wished to have a
danced under the moonlight. Yet, everything changed when her best friend, Jack
Cooke, demanded a more relationship as friend that made her happy and scared at
the same time. She didn’t want to lose Jack as her best friend and Jack as the man
who gave her a chance of happiness she had been waiting for. Although Jack was
not a perfect man, he could be a perfect man for Emma.
As the big theme in this romantic story spins around love and wedding,
thus what “Pernikahan Terindah” (the most beautiful wedding) presents through
its title is the story of Emmaline Grant and Jack Cooke. They fill out the
expectation of readers about Emma’s dream of beautiful wedding she has been
saving up for. In addition, the title also implies the marriage that Emma has Jack
to fill out as her perfect man mentioned in the last line of paragraph above. Hence,
20 of 30 respondents consider it as acceptable.
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PLAGIATMERUPAKAN
MERUPAKANTINDAKAN
TINDAKANTIDAK
TIDAKTERPUJI
TERPUJI
70
xvi.
Data 19
Code
ST
TT
Average
Score
19/ST/RoG/TSS/LK
The Shell Seekers
Lukisan
Kesayangan
1.2
This story is about Penelope Keeling who had experienced a colorful life
in flashback: Bohemian childhood in London and Cornwall; unhappy marriage at
the war; and the only one man she had always got her love for. As she was getting
older, she had raised three children. Yet, she was still in her feet energetically and
autonomously to keep on her old days in peace. Until one day she found out about
the loving painting belonged to his father The Shell Seekers was worth so much
making her realize that she had held decisions in her hands—the decisions of
family whether to stay together or broken instead.
The diction “lukisan kesayangan” (loving painting) in title has
significance as the key of story—making the main character, Penelope Keeling, is
in between choices of life decisions. Although there is no much description or
ambience created by title, 24 of 30 respondents consider the dictions are good
enough to relate the content and acceptable.
xvii.
Data 20
Code
ST
TT
Average
Score
20/ST/RoG/Sh/SPH
Shameless
Sang Penakluk
Hati
1.3
The story began with a man name Viscount Benedick Francis Alistair
Rohan who always liked a clumsy and well-mannered woman whom he could
ignore after satisfying his desire. Thus, his least favorite was an independent
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woman who could raise arguments. Having played with fate all this time, a
woman named Lady Melisande Carstairs came into Benedick’s life and made a
mess of his. That woman was a female warrior who saved women from the black
valley. As Benedick’s sister was involved in the activity ofHeavenly Host which
led to sadistic violence and one of Melisande’s women was threaten as well,
Benedick and Melisande helped hand in hand to save them both. Up to time of full
moon, mystery of Heavenly Host was eventually unfolded and some hearts were
conquered.
The word “Sang Penakluk Hati” (the heart conqueror) refers to the biggest
theme of story written out briefly in blurb which is the warriors who conquer
Heavenly Host mystery for the main purpose in the beginning. The title also
alludesthe conquer of battle in which belongs to the relationship of Benedick and
Melisande which explicitly described and developed through blurb. Hence, 21 of
30 respondents consider the title is acceptable for covering blurb.
xviii. Data 21
Code
ST
TT
Average
Score
21/ST/RoG/FRI/CTT
Fools Rush in
Cinta Tiba-tiba
1.2
This is the story about Millie Barnes who had already got everything in
her hand—a fully dedicated job as a doctor at Cape Cod, a house of her own, and
an adorable puppy to have a walk and attract men—,but an attention of young
female ideal, Joe Carpenter who will complete her life. However, to reach out the
completeness was not an easy job, especially after Sam Nickerson, a cop who
entered her life and bothered her days, regarding of his need of friend as result of
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being dumped by her materialist sister. Accordingly, did Millie need to enjoy the
arrival of Sam though he was not a big part of his plan? Or did love come
unexpectedly and all of sudden?
TT title “Cinta Tiba-tiba” (sudden love)is constructed in the way it is
connotation that represent the love life of Millie in blurb. Moreover, the title is
also explicitly mentioned in the last line. Therefore, 24 of 30 respondents perceive
the title to succeeds in wrapping the content. Thus, data 21 is has average score
1.2 making it into acceptable in target receivers.
xix.
Data 22
Code
ST
TT
Average
Score
22/ST/RoG/TNC/DBH
The Twelve
Nights of
Christmas
Dua Belas Hari
Terindah
1.1
The story began with the setting of time in December centered on a life of
Evie Arderson. Starting from her fiancé who suddenly called off the engagement,
her job was turned over to be housekeeping, until now, she was kicked out from
her apartment. The conflict began in the night she exhausted herself after
working.She fell asleep in a bedroom of Penthouse, but she was woken up by an
intoxicating kiss of a man who supposedly became her boss, Rio Zaceralli.
Meanwhile, this December Rio Zacarelli himself had to keep reputation as white
as snow for the sake of an important deal in his life. However, temptation never
went easily to him through a modest and brave woman named Evie. Thus, the
blurb ends with question on them keeping two opposite attractions more than
twelve beautiful days they had spent together.
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From the story in blurb, there found an ambience of secret romance
between Evie Anderson and Rio Zacarelli that refers to the business of “Dua
Belas Hari Terindah” (twelve most beautiful day). Although readers who read the
back cover may not know what really happens among those two characters, but
the existence of the last sentence in the last line of blurb ‘…a wonder of the
possibility and their ability to keep on two opposite attractions more than twelve
beautiful days they had spent together.’ create a new tension of expectation that
there really are “twelve beautiful days”. Hence, 28 of 30 respondents fill out
questionnaire with acceptable score.
xx.
Data 23
Code
ST
TT
Average
Score
23/ST/RoG/EBY/PT
Every Breath You
Take
Pulau Takdir
1.4
The blurb goes with a character of Kate Donovan who came to a beautiful
tropical land as the consoled invitation of her boyfriend, Evan, after the death of
her father. However, all she felt was more of lonesomeness and worst moods since
Evan always put off to keep her company for the sake of his work. Moreover,
there was Mitchell Wyatt who never expected an unintentional meeting with Kate
who would change his life forever. Mitchell, who was ‘tossed out’ with no family
who had ever loved him grew up being an arrogant and skeptical man that, in the
other way around, was successful and confident businessman made of his own
experiences. That was why there no women he couldn’t get or he could fall for as
fast and strong as Kate did to him. On the other hand, Kate who began to feel the
nerve of her relationship with Evan found a new and appealing thing in Mitchell.
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Thus, how would Evan react to all the truths? And, how was the end of Kate and
Mitchell’s love affair?
The word “takdir” (fate) presents the plot of the story which is the meeting
of Kate and Mitchell in ‘…there was Mitchell Wyatt who never expected an
unintentional meeting with Kate would change his life forever’ that leads to the
readers’ expectations of the possibility that the two people would end up together
as if it is meant to be. Furthermore, the word “pulau” (land) represents the matter
of setting that emphasizestheir meeting and their fate. Hence, 18 of 30
respondents consider data 23 is acceptable.
xxi.
Data 24
Code
ST
TT
Average
Score
24/ST/RoG/BE/SDS
Bright Eyes
Selalu dan
Selamanya
1.4
Natalie Westfield let go of her dream to be a singer and married the man
she once loved when she was only 18 years old. After 11 years, she come back to
her parents’ house as a widower with two children and penniless as the cause of
her cunning former husband who took all her wealth, except the legacy land of the
Westfield from her grandmother. It was likely what Natalie always thought of,
until her former husband, Robert, who was found killed in the garage, opened a
new case that Natalie was deceived by a fake deal about legacy land that raised a
police suspicion towards her considering a motive of murder. However, when
everything fell apart for Natalie, there came an ideal cowboy, Zeke Coulter, who
told her that he loved her. Nonetheless, Natalie did not want to believe it.
Whereas, in the middle of life chaos and intentional accident happened to her
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children and herself, Zeke was always there to help. Thus, Natalie was faced to
difficult choices whether she would let go of the man who got through her
bittersweet life for the sake of past trauma, or she would let the man who offers
her an ‘always and forever’ love into her heart.
What “selalu dan selamanya” (always and forever) means is to refer to Zeke
Coulter. Based on the blurb, Zeke Coulter represents the idea of what Natalie
misses for in her life, which is happiness.Her happiness is a recovering love, the
kind of one which has sense of “always and forever” that is different from her past
trauma with her former husband. Hence, 18 of 30 respondents feel that the TT title
covers up the story served in blurb that is also acceptable.
xxii.
Data 25
Code
ST
TT
Average
Score
25/ST/RoG/FOW/GCV
Fires of Winter
Gairah Cinta
Viking
1.3
The story began with a character named Lady Brenna Carmarham who
accepted her arranged marriage with a Viking man named Garrick Haardrad.
Surprisingly, the Vikings who came to her land that were expectedly to take her
into her bridegroom stroke the Brenna tribes and took all women to be slaves.
That made Brenna swore to never give in to be Viking’s slave, including to
Garrick. Unexpectedly, Garrick showed his kind and patience to Brenna’s
stubbornness. Even when Brenna planned to take revenge for great disaster of her
tribes, she herself couldn’t resist the Viking man’s passion of love.
Based on the blurb, the character that is referred as “Viking” is Garrick
with personality description ‘kind and patient’. Whereas the Viking Character in
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title is‘charming and loving’ instead. Although they are slightly different, they are
still related as they carry positive meanings.Hence, that is why 22 of 30
respondents considered this data acceptable.
xxiii. Data 26
Code
ST
TT
Average
Score
26/ST/RoG/Ov/Te
Overbite
Terpikat
1.4
This is the story about Meena Harper who believed that there was no pure
evil in this world with every creature was given over a choice to be good,
including her ex-boyfriend, the dark prince. Unfortunately, to convince Alaric
Wulf was not an easy job, as he wanted to destroy the dark prince, especially
when there was a new threat that made everyone Meena loves in the danger. Thus,
in the process of revealing the truth, Meena’s loyalty was tested along with her
stir-up feelings and unexpected temptations attracted her.
The title “terpikat” (attracted) summarizes the idea of story which is about
temptation which attracts Alaric Wulf and also Meena Harper. What Alaric is
attracted to, is his desire to destroy the dark prince. What Meena is attracted to,
could be two things in option: her stir-up feelings or the unexpected temptation.
Since the ideas and ambience is along the way with the title presented, therefore
19 of 30 respondents consider this data acceptable.
xxiv. Data 27
Code
ST
TT
Average
Score
27/ST/RoG/SB/MS
Separate Beds
Milikmu
Seutuhnya
1.4
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The blurb tells about an unexpected night when two different was united
into a marriage. Those people were Clay Foster, a handsome law student, and
Catherine, a serious and nerd students—two people who couldn’t be together.
Nevertheless, that night was an exception. Under the moonlight and starts, they
both spent the night together with a bottle of wine. In several months later,
Catherine was pregnant and they both were married due to family name, although
they both never wanted this marriage. As time went by, those spouses realized a
different thing between them. A thing which was called as…love.
From the blurb,the story that is implied is a catastrophe that turns to a
happy ending. That is about different people who forcedly married due to
accidental situation, but the next days they find themselves to find what’s already
in front of their own eyes. Therefore, dictions “milikmu seutuhnya” (completely
yours) plays a role as the romantic expression of the situation. Hence, 19 of 30
respondents consider the text is acceptable.
xxv.
Data 28
Code
ST
TT
Average
Score
28/ST/RoG/Ab/YT
Abandon
Yang Terpilih
1.4
The story began from Pierce Oliviera who tries to start a new beginning of
his life after almost-dead accidents who made him knew the taste of death.
However, after Pierce moved on to a small town and entered a new school, a man
named John Hayden always appeared unexpectedly, especially in the time when
she needed him the most. Besides, there were two definite things that Pierce
always knew: John was not easy to refuse, and he was not an ordinary creature.
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On the other hand, if Pierce let herself to fall for John, she would probably spend
mortality in a place she never wanted to visit anymore. A world of spirits took a
layover, which was John’s world: “Underwold”.
Title “yang terpilih” (the chosen one) has described what is written out in
blurb along with the ambience followed.The title refers to the character of Pierce
who has undergone almost-dead accidents that brings her to John Hayden who
chooses to stay near her, especially in the right time. Besides, the blurb creates an
extraordinary atmosphere for what fictional story usually tells.It is as if the
character is also extraordinary, fetching the idea ‘picked out from or preferred to
the rest’ as what the title and Pierce’s character are defined. Thus, 19 of 30
respondents consider this title and text are acceptable.
xxvi. Data 29
Code
ST
29/ST/RoG/KMS/PO Killing Me Softly
TT
Average
Score
Puncak Obsesi
1.3
The story is about Alice Loundon who had everything: best friends, a
loving boyfriend, and a successful career. One day, when she was walking down
the street, she met a stranger and then she impulsively left her life for having a
relationship with that man. That was the kind of relationship that took her into
erotic life which was full of dark and danger. That was Adam Tallis, a hero who
survived from climbing expedition and turned into catastrophe, took Alice into
life adventure full of mysterious desire. Even when past life of his revealed one by
one, there was a dark secret unpredicted started to uncover. However, love and
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obsession that took over Alice made her ignore all those things…until they began
to jeopardize her sanity and soul salvation.
The word “obsesi” (obsession) covers the whole story idea in the line of
‘…she impulsively left her life for having a relationship with that man’ showing
the sudden spontaneity of act to keep preoccupation. The phrase “puncak obsesi”
(top obsession) refers to Alice who is the one who possess it with Adam Tallis as
her top obsession, the man whom she follows around with unclear reason, yet
constant pursue. Since the title suits the story in blurb, 21 of 30 respondents
consider this text acceptable.
xxvii. Data 30
Code
ST
TT
Average
Score
30/ST/RoG/SF/BDR
Secret Fire
Bersemi di
Rusia
1.3
The story began from Lady Katherine St. John who disguised herself into
a maid outfit in order to trail her sister and fail her attempt to elope. Unexpectedly,
she was also hunted by the Prince Dimitri Petrovich Alexandrov who paid a visit
to London, and Katherine found herself kidnapped and taken to Russia! Dimitri
refused to believe Katherine that she was a noblewoman and treated her as he
pleased instead. Katherine was not a pretty woman, but she had something that
attracted him inexplicably, which is far from his usual easily-bored man towards
women. For what had happened, the two people had their own emotional outburst
towards each other, and one of the question was…was there love among anger,
hatred and revenge? They both definitely couldn’t think of it as it was.
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TIDAKTERPUJI
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80
The diction “bersemi” (growing) in title refers to the relationship of
character leading to romance or sparks as the result of conflict mentioned in blurb.
Secondly, the word “Russia” signifies the setting where the conflict happens and
the ending is resolved. As dictions in title implies meanings to story in blurb,
therefore that is why 21 of 30 respondents consider this text acceptable.
2.
The Less Acceptability Translation in the Analysis Using Blurb of
Target Text
The less acceptable translation in this part is marked by higher score (≥1)
given by respondents through questionnaires. A text is called as less
acceptablewhen its fictional book title did not meet with the idea of a blurb taken
from the back cover part of original book translated in Indonesian.
Similar to equation of text’s acceptability, each data is calculated by
summing every single result of score and then divided by 30 as number of total
respondents. However, a text is considered less acceptable when grades show
mark of scale 1.6-2.00. Furthermore, in final result, there are 3 data which are
considered less acceptable in which are shown and described below.
i.
Data 2
Code
ST
TT
Average
Score
2/ST/ThG/DMF/KB
Dead Man’s Folly
Kubur Berkubah
1.6
The actual TT blurb was written out in the brief conversation between
Mrs. Oliver and Hercule Poirot, a famous detective, talking about the game of
tracking murder. The procedure of game was each contestant was given hints that
would lead them to a place where the corpse lie. Whoever succeeded in guessing
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who the murderer was would be the winner of the game with Mr. Poirot gave
away the prize. Moreover, the problem started to float when Poirot asked who
would be the corpse in the game. Mrs. Oliver led him to a room where a girl
liedstill on the floor convincing Mrs. Oliver that she was truly a brilliant artist as
if she was a true ‘corpse’. However, the truth was her convincing acting made
Poirot realized that she was actually killed fifteen minutes ago.
However, the word “kubur” (grave) may represent the room where Mrs.
Oliver showed the fake corpse to Poirot in which becomes the grave or in other
words in definition is ‘the last resting place’ of that girl who supposedly to be a
fake corpse. Although the word does not really covers the idea of blurb or leads to
plot in the same description near “grave” as the setting or the point idea.
Secondly, the word “berkubah” (domed) also does signify anything for neither
title nor blurb. Its role as an adjective also does not support the noun grave.
Hence, from the reasons and analysis beforehand, 17 of 30 respondents consider
this text less acceptable.
ii.
Data 4
Code
ST
TT
Average
Score
4/ST/ThG/HDD/PPM
Hickory Dickory
Dock
Pembunuhan di
Pondokan
Mahasiswa
1.6
The story takes Poirot’s deft secretary, Miss Felicity Lemon, who, one
day, made three mistakes when typing a very simple letter—which was a thing
had never happened before. Nevertheless, the reason why she was like that
because Mrs. Hubbard, her sister who had just come back from Singapore became
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a matron in student hostel belonged to Mrs. Nicotelis at Hickory Road.
Apparently, there had been a series of theft there: (one new) party shoe, (fake)
bracelet, diamond ring (which later found in the plate of soup), powder box,
lipstick, stethoscope, earrings, match, an old flannel trousers, electric light bulb, a
box of chocolate, silk scarf (which later found torn), backpack, borax powder,
bath salt and book of food recipe.
However, what does not relate in this analysis data is that the word
“pembunuhan” (murder)could not describe and cover the idea of blurb. It is such
irrelevant how the title indicates an ambience of mysterious case of killing
through the words “pembunuhan di pondokan mahasiswa” (the murder in student
hostel), yet the blurb speaks differently by mentioning a series of good names
which become the items of being stolen and found in the most unusual place and
form. In addition, the lack of tense in blurb fails to attract and convinces blurb
readers to accept that the inside of book presents the thriller of murder as the TT
title. Hence, 17 of 30 respondents considered this data less acceptable because the
title could not cover up the content of blurb.
iii.
Data 6
Code
ST
TT
Average
Score
6/ST/ThG/SC/MTB
Sad Cypress
Mawar Tak
Berduri
1.6
“What would you asked me about—had I killed Mary Gerrard?” asked
Elinor with her face turned red, as the story in this blurb began. Next, Poirot, the
famous detective, replied with saying that he wouldn’t ask her anything further
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because
ause he did not want to know several things. The truth was, in spite of himself,
Hercule Poirot sometimes lied. The man did want to know.
Title “mawar tak berduri” (spineless roses) iss nowhere near in description in
blurb. However, the object could be a symbol of character (Elinor, Hercule Poirot
or Mary Gerrard). Nevertheless, they make short appearance in blurb that is quite
difficult to refer. That is why the TT title is considered failing to wrap up the
content of blurb implicitly and explicitly. Hence, data 6 garnered 17 of 30
respondents that consider this data is less acceptable.
To sum up the acceptability analysis result, below is the chart that shows the
average score given by each respondent in questionnaires.
Diagram of Score Analysis Based on Respondents
1,8
1,6
1,4
Range
1,2
1
0,8
0,6
0,4
0,2
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112131415161718192021222324
24252627282930
Respondents
Chart 4.2. The
The distribution of respondents acceptability score
Based on the chart above, there are 30 respondents who fill in the
acceptability questionnaires that results various different results. Although most
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respondents has lower average score 1.5, the chart suggests that the acceptability
translation of English fictional book titles into Indonesian contexts still leaves
problems. There are several data that are considered unacceptable, although the
average score given by respondents reaching the acceptability score.
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CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION
As written in the beginning chapter, this study focus on the functionalism
of texts by comparing two translations coming from ST into TT by using the
functionalist theory as the anchor of study analysis.There are 30 data of English
fictional book titles that areanalyzed into two problem formulations discussed in
this study.
The first analysis takes for translation assessment for equivalence. This
analysis focus on how the two texts bring for ST receivers and TT receivers by
using communicative effectiveness, as a part of functionalist text approach, to
evaluate texts in the analysis of field, mode and tenor which are the text
component constructed by the author to make one particular version. Based on the
result, all texts (30 texts) have the same mode since they are in written mode as
written texts. There are also 15 equivalent fields resulted in the translation
equivalence using communicative effectiveness analysis. Meanwhile, the other
analysis results 15 equivalent tenors. By this means, to conclude there are 7 data
results the same field, mode and tenor; 8 data results the same field and mode, but
different tenor; 4 data results different field, but the same mode and tenor; and 11
data results the same mode, but different field and tenor.
Moreover, what could be concluded from equivalence analysis using
communicative effectiveness is that it is very possible that two different
translations of titles to bring the same field since it depends on diction use and its
word meaning to imply connotation for more. Meanwhile, the modes results the
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same outcome because all texts are written mode therefore there are none are
included in spoken modes. Furthermore, based on analyses, the result of tenor to
equal depends on the construction of the last hand. TT tenor requires the
translator’s accomplishment in which takes consideration on how the dictions
could overcome the cultural problem as well as convey the original factual
message of text.
The second analysis concerns on translation acceptability assessment.
Acceptability analysis is about how the texts are produced for TT receivers. The
analysis takes on blurb of fiction in the back of book cover that are already written
out in Indonesian and then it is analyzed and compared to each other whether or
not the title could represent the idea of story. As a result, there are 27 data score
1.00-1.50 which are considered acceptable. Meanwhile, the rest of 3 data score
1.6-2.00 and are less acceptable for respondents.
However, there are several data that respondents vote to be acceptable, that
are apparently not enough to be called acceptable. The title does not have so
connection with the story written in blurb although the average score
accomplishes acceptability data.In conclusion, the result is not depended on the
average score, but it depends on the dictions used as title matched with the
synopsis written by the translator that makes the analysis.
From equivalence and acceptability analyses, it is concluded that the
translation of SL titles into TL aims to functionalist aspect of text to convey the
same message. The changes and re-construction of title are done in order to make
it more familiar in TL culture and attract target readership.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Bassnett, Susan. Translation Studies. London and New York: Routledge, 2008.
Bell, T. Roger. Translation and Translating: Theory and Practice. New York:
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Boleslav, Michal. 2005. “A Practical Guide for Functional Text Analysis.”
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2015.
Catford, J.C. A linguistic Theory of Translation. London: Oxford University
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Collins, V.H. A Book of English Idioms. London: Longmans, 1958.
Halliday, M.A.K. (1987). Spoken and written language. 1st ed. [Waurn Ponds],
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Harkness, J. and Alicia Schoua-Glusberg. 1998. "Questionnaires in Translation."
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1998.
http:;//isites/harvard.edu/fs/docs/icb.topic506406.files/znspez3-04Harkness-Glusberg.pdf. Accessed August 22, 2015.
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Hatim, Basil and Jeremy Munday.Translation: An Advanced Resource Book. New
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Hornby, A.S. Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Oxford University Press,
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Kuil, Fransiska Margaretha. “A Study on the Translation of Christian Related
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Nababan. M. Rudolf. Teori Menerjemahkan Bahasa Inggris. Yogyakarta: Pustaka
Pelajar, 1999.
Nida, Eugene A. and Charles R. Taber. The Theory and Practice of Translation.
Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1969.
Newmark, Peter. Approaches to Translation. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1981.
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Nord, Christiane. Translating as a Purposeful Activity. Manchester: St. Jerome
Publishing, 1997.
Puspitaratri, Diah. "Translation Quality Assessment on Accuracy, Naturalness
and Acceptability of the Translation of Leo Tolstoy's After the Dance into
Setelah Pesta Dansa by Anton Kurnia". Undergraduate Thesis.
Yogyakarta: Sanata Dharma University, 2010.
Stanton, Robert. An Introduction to Fiction. New York: Holt, Rinehart and
Winston, Inc, 1965.
Suryawinata, Zuchridiin and Sugeng Hariyanto. Bahasa Teori dan Penuntun
Praktis Menerjemahkan. Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 2003.
Tim Penyusun Kamus. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia Edisi Ketiga. Jakarta:
Balai Pustaka, 2005.
Venuti, Lawrence. The Translation Studies Reader. New York: Routledge, 2004.
Wachyuni, Sophia F. “The Problem of the Translation of Lubis’s Jalan Tak Ada
Ujung into A Road with No End”. Undergraduate Thesis. Yogyakarta:
Sanata Dharma University, 2002.
Williams, Jenny and Andrew Chesterman. The Map: A Beginner’s Guide to
Doing Research in Translation Studies. Manchester: St. Jerome
Publishing, 2002.
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APPENDICES
Appendix 1: List of Data, Genre Categorization and Lexical Density
The Calculation of Lexical Density
LD (Lexical Density) =
(
)
Lexical Words
: Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverd found in title
Tokens
: Total number of words in title
Lexical Density
No
Author
SL Titles
TL Titles
Genre
1
Agatha
Christie
By the
Pricking of
my Thumb
Rumah di Tepi
Kanal
Thriller
2
Agatha
Christie
Dead Man’s
Folly
Kubur
Berkubah
3
Agatha
Christie
Five Little
Pigs
Mengungkit
Pembunuhan
4
Agatha
Christie
Hickory
Dickory
Dock
Peril at the
End House
5
6
7
8
9
10
Agatha
Christie
Agatha
Christie
Agatha
Christie
Agatha
Christie
Agatha
Christie
Agatha
Christie
Sad Cypress
Sparkling
Cyanide
The Clocks
of SL
Total
Titles
of
TL Total
Titles
3/6
0.5
2/4
0.5
3/3
1
2/2
1
Thriller
3/3
1
2/2
1
Pembunuhan di
Pondokan
Mahasiswa
Thriller
3/3
1
3/4
0.75
Hotel Majestic
Thriller
3/5
0.6
2/2
1
Thriller
2/2
1
2/3
0.67
Thriller
2/2
1
2/2
1
Thriller
1/2
0.5
2/2
1
Mawar tak
Berduri
Kenangan
Kematian
Mayat
Misterius
Thriller
The Moving
Finger
Pena Beracun
Thriller
2/3
0.67
2/2
1
The Pale
Horse
Misteri
Penginapan
Tua
Thriller
2/3
0.67
3/3
1
89
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11
12
13
Agatha
Christie
Agatha
Christie
Agatha
Christie
Why Didn’t
They Ask
Evan?
Death Comes
as the End
Crooked
House
Pembunuh di
Balik Kabut
Ledakan
Dendam
Buku Harian
Josephine
Thriller
3/5
0.6
2/4
0.5
Thriller
3/5
0.6
2/2
1
Thriller
2/2
1
3/3
1
14
John
Fielding
See Jane Run
Serpih-serpih
Kenangan
Thriller
3/3
1
3/3
1
15
Agatha
Christie
Ordeal by
Innocence
Mata Rantai
yang Hilang
Thriller
2/3
0.67
3/4
0.75
1/1
1
2/3
0.67
1/1
1
2/3
0.67
Romance
2/3
0.67
2/2
1
Romance
2/3
0.67
2/2
1
Romance
1/1
1
2/3
0.67
Romance
2/3
0.67
2/2
1
Romance
3/5
0.6
3/4
0.67
Romance
3/4
0.75
2/2
1
Romance
2/2
1
2/3
0.67
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Anne
Stuart
Anne
Stuart
Nora
Roberts
Reckless
Breathless
Bed of Roses
Sang Penggoda
Romance
Hati
Sang Penjerat
Romance
Hati
Pernikahan
Terindah
Rosamunde
The Shell
Lukisan
Pilcher
Seekers
Kesayangan
Anne
Sang Penakluk
Shameless
Stuart
Hati
Kristan
Fools Rush In Cinta Tiba-tiba
Higgins
The Twelve
Sarah
Dua Belas Hari
Nights of
Morgan
Terindah
Christmas
Judith
Every Breath
Pulau Takdir
McNaught
You Take
Catherine
Selalu dan
Bright Eyes
Anderson
Selamanya
25
Johanna
Lindsey
Fires of
Winter
Gairah Cinta
Viking
Romance
2/3
0.67
3/3
1
26
Meg Cabot
Overbite
Terpikat
Romance
1/1
1
1/1
1
27
LaVyrle
Spencer
Separate
Beds
Milikmu
Seutuhnya
Romance
2/2
1
1/2
0.5
28
Meg Cabot
Abandon
Yang Terpilih
Romance
1/1
1
1/2
0.5
Nicci
French
Johanna
Lindsey
Killing Me
Softly
PuncakObsesi
Romance
2/3
0.67
2/2
1
Secret Fire
Bersemi di
Rusia
Romance
2/2
1
2/3
0.67
29
30
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Appendix 2: Recapitulation of Equivalence Analysis Result
Code
ST
TT
Field
Mode
Tenor
1/ST/ThG/
BPM
By the Pricking of
My Thumb
Rumah di Tepi
Kanal
X
√
X
2/ST/ThG/
DMF/KB
Dead Man’s Folly
Kubur Berkubah
√
√
√
3/ST/ThG/
FLP/MP
Five Little Pigs
Mengungkit
Pembunuhan
X
√
√
Hickory Dickory
Dock
Pembunuhan di
Pondokan
Mahasiswa
√
√
X
Peril at the End
House
Hotel Majestic
X
√
X
Sad Cypress
Mawar Tak Berduri
√
√
√
7/ST/ThG/
SC/KK
Sparkling Cyanide
KenanganKematian
√
√
X
8/ST/ThG/
TC/MM
The Clocks
Mayat Misterius
X
√
X
Pena Beracun
√
√
X
Misteri Penginapan
Tua
X
√
X
Pembunuhan di
Balik Kabut
X
√
X
Ledakan Dendam
√
√
√
Buku Harian
Josephine
X
√
X
Serpih-serpih
Kenangan
X
√
X
Mata Rantai yang
Hilang
√
√
√
4/ST/ThG/
HDD/PP
M
5/ST/Th
G/PEH/
HM
6/ST/ThG/
SC/MTB
9/ST/ThG/
The Moving Finger
TMF/PB
10/ST/Th
G/TPH/M
The Pale Horse
PT
11/ST/Th
Why Didn’t They
G/WDT/P
Ask Evan?
BK
12/ST/Th
Death Come as the
G/DCE/L
End
D
13/ST/Th
G/CH/BH
Crooked House
J
14/ST/Th
G/SJR/SS
See Jane Run
K
15/ST/Th
G/OBI/M Ordeal by Innocence
RH
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16/ST/Ro
G/Re/SPH
17/ST/Ro
G/Br/SPH
18/ST/Ro
G/BOR/P
T
19/ST/Ro
G/TSS/LK
20/ST/Ro
G/Sh/SPH
21/ST/Ro
G/FRI/CT
T
22/ST/Ro
G/TNC/D
BH
23/ST/Ro
G/EBY/P
T
24/ST/Ro
G/BE/SD
S
25/ST/Ro
G/FOW/G
CV
26/ST/Ro
G/Ov/Te
27/ST/Ro
G/SB/MS
28/ST/Ro
G/Ab/YT
29/ST/Ro
G/KMS/P
O
30/ST/Ro
G/SF/BD
R
Reckless
Sang PenggodaHati
√
√
X
Breathless
Sang Penjerat Hati
√
√
X
Bed of Roses
Pernikahan Terindah
√
√
√
The Shell Seekers
LukisanKesayangan
X
√
X
Shameless
Sang Penakluk Hati
X
√
X
Fools Rush in
Cinta Tiba-tiba
√
√
X
The Twelve Nights
of Christmas
Dua Belas Hari
Terindah
X
√
√
Every Breath You
Take
Pulau Takdir
√
√
X
Bright Eyes
Selalu dan
Selamanya
X
√
√
Fires of Winter
Gairah Cinta Viking
X
√
√
Overbite
Terpikat
√
√
√
Separate Beds
Milikmu Seutuhnya
X
√
X
Abandon
Yang Terpilih
X
√
X
Killing Me Softly
Puncak Obsesi
√
√
X
Secret Fire
Bersemi di Rusia
√
√
√
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Appendix 3: Acceptability Questionnaire
Questionnaire on Acceptability
ANGKET KEBERTERIMAAN TERJEMAHAN JUDUL NOVEL FIKSI BAHASA
INGGRIS KE DALAM BAHASA INDONESIA DAN KONTEKNYA
Responden Yth,
Dalam rangka penulisan skripsi berjudul The Translation of English Fictional
Book Titles into Indonesian Context: A Functionalist Approach, saya mengharapkan
kesediaan Saudara/i untuk meluangkan waktu mengisi kuesioner ini.
Kuesioner ini dimaksudkan untuk menilai kualitas terjemahan dari sekumpulan
judul-judul buku fiksi dari bahasa Inggris ke bahasa Indonesia melalui metode kualitas
acceptability yang menjadi tolok ukur mengenai dapat atau tidaknya terjemahan tersebut
beserta konteksnya diterima oleh bahasa target yaitu bahasa Indonesia. Atas ketersediaan
dan waktu Saudara/i, sayau capkan terimakasih.
Hormat saya,
Purindraswari Dyahpramesti
MahasiswaUniversitas Sanata Dharma
Nomor Induk Mahasiswa: 114214024
Pada bagian ini, di sediakan dua pilihan penilaian untuk setiap terjemahan. Berilah tanda
(√) pada salah satu kolom yang telah disediakan, yaitu:
(1) Berterima, artinya judul terjemahan dapat dipahami dan terasa alami dalam
Bahasa Indonesia
(2) Kurang berterima, artinya judul terjemahan kurang dapat dipahami dan terasa
aneh dalam bahasa Indonesia serta tidak sesuai dengan isi cerita.
Anda dapat memberikan alasan, catatan atau saran untuk terjemahan tersebut pada kolom
yang telah disediakan.Terimakasih.
Kode
Judul
1/ST/Th
G/BPM/
Rumah di Tepi Kanal
Nilai
1
2
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RTK
Isi Cerita: Aneh, rasanya aku pernah melihat rumah itu sebelumnya, entah
di mana", kata Tuppence sambil menatap lukisan tersebut. "Aku harus
mencari rumah itu". Maka Tuppence pun naik kereta, mencari rumah
dalam lukisan itu. Dari sini dimulailah petualangan yang melibatkannya
pada suatu kasus pembunuhan terpendam di masa lampau. Sang pembunuh
menantinya di rumah itu—rumah di tepi kanal.
Catatan:
Kubur Berkubah
Isi Cerita: “Kami akan mengadakan permainan Pelacakan Pembunuhan,”
jelas Mrs. Oliver pada Hercule Poirot.
“Permainan apa?” tanya detektif kenamaan itu.
2/ST/Th
G/DMF/
KB
“Masing-masing peserta diberi sejumlah petunjuk yang akan menuntunnya
ke tempat mayat. Barang siapa yang bisa menebak pembunuhnya, dialah
pemenangnya, dan Andalah, M. Poirot, yang akan menyampaikan
hadiahnya.”
“Lalu siapa yang menjadi mayatnya?” tanya Poirot.
“Mari saya perkenalkan.”
Waktu Poirot memasuki kamar itu, dilihatnya seorang gadis tergeletak di
lantai, tak bergerak.
“Marlene ini benar-benar aktris yang hebat, bukan?” seru Mrs. Oliver.
“Dia menjadi ‘mayat’ yang begitu meyakinkan.”
“Terlalu meyakinkan,” kata Poirot sambil mengangkat kepala gadis itu.
“Dia telah terbunuh lima belas menit yang lalu!”
Catatan:
Mengungkit Pembunuhan
Isi Cerita: Hasrat Amyas Crale pada lukisan dan wanita membuat
namanya terkenal. Namun pembunuhan atas dirinya membuat namanya
3/ST/Th tercemar. Enam belas tahun kemudian istrinya yang cemburu dituduh dan
G/FLP/M dijatuhi hukuman seumur hidup karena pembunuhan yang menggempakan.
P
Kini Carla, putrid mereka, wanita muda yang yakin ibunya tidak bersalah,
menghadapkan Hercule Poirot pada tantangan yang menggoda:
memulihkan nama baik ibunya dengan kembali ke tempat terjadinya
pembunuhan dan mencari kekurangan fatal padak ejahatan yang sempurna
itu.
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Catatan:
Pembunuhan di Pondokan Mahasiswa
4/ST/Th
G/HDD/
PPM
Isi Cerita: Cerita ini berhubungan dengan sekretaris Poirot yang cekatan,
Miss Lemon. Felicity Lemon yang sangat efisien suatu hari membuat tiga
kesalahan saat mengetik surat yang sederhana—yang tidak pernah terjadi
sebelumnya. Itu karena Mrs. Hubbard, adiknya yang baru kembali dari
Singapura, menjadi matron—pengurus—di pondokan mahasiswa milik
Mrs. Nicoletis di Hickory Road.
Ternyata telah terjadi serangkaian pencurian di sana: sepatu pesta (masih
baru dan hanya sebelah), gelang (perhiasan imitasi), cincinberlian
(ditemukan di piring sup), kotak bedak, lipstik, stetoskop, giwang,
pemantik, celana flanel yang sudah usang, bola lampu listrik, sekotak
cokelat, syal sutra (ditemukan tercabik-cabik), tas ransel, bubuk boraks,
garam mandi, dan buku resep makanan.
Catatan:
Hotel Majestic
5/ST/Th Isi Cerita: Tiga kecelakaan fatal dalam tiga hari. Tiga kecelakaan yang
G/PEH/H nyaris merenggut nyawa Nick Buckley, gadis cantik yang tinggal seorang
diri di End House. Hercule Poirot yang mengkhawatirkan keselamatannya
M
bertanya-tanya apakah semua itu memang kecelakaan—atau usaha
pembunuhan? Ia pun membuka mata dan memasang telinga lebar-lebar.
Tapi kecelakaan lain kembali terjadi, dan kali ini korbannya gadis lain.
Catatan:
Mawar Tak Berduri
6/ST/Th
G/SC/M
TB
Isi Cerita: Wajah Elinor memerah. "Apakah akan Anda tanyakan pada
saya—apakah saya yang telah membunuh Mary Gerrard?"
Poirot bangkit. Cepat-cepat ia berkata, "Saya tidak akan menanyakan apaapa lagi pada Anda. Ada beberapa hal yang saya tak ingin tahu....”
Namun bahkan Hercule Poirot pun kadang-kadang membohongi dirinya
sendiri. Sebenarnya ia ingin—ingin sekali—tahu.
Catatan:
7/ST/Th
G/SC/K
Kenangan Kematian
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K
Isi Cerita: "Istri Anda, Rosemary, tidak bunuh diri. Dia dibunuh!" George
Barton menerima surat kaleng yang misterius itu setahun setelah kematian
istrinya, Rosemary. Semua berawal pada pesta ulang tahun Rosemary.
Enam orang yang hadir ketika itu melihatnya mengangkat gelas sampanye
dan meneguk isinya. Tiba-tiba dia tersungkur—mati. Keputusan hakim:
bunuh diri dengan racun. Tapi setelah munculnya surat kaleng itu, orang
mulai bertanya-tanya. Orang mulai mengingat-ingat: surat cinta Rosemary
yang penuh asmara kepada kekasih gelapnya, Leopard yang misterius;
ancaman-ancaman si tampan Anthony Browne; dan kenyataan bahwa Iris
Marle, adiknya yang miskin, akan mewarisi kekayaannya. Dan ada orang
yang ingat terlalu banyak. Maka si pembunuh pun beraksi lagi!
Catatan:
Mayat Misterius
8/ST/Th
G/TC/M
M
Isi Cerita: Rumah di Wilbraham Crescent… itulah tempat terjadinya
pembunuhan! Kelihatannya begitu nyaman, tirai yang rapi, kebun yang
terawat, dan sebagainya. Tetapi seorang laki-laki tewas terbunuh di sana dengan pisau dapur… Terpikat oleh orang-orang yang berkerumun di
sekelilingnya, gadis itu memandang dan berhenti berfikir... Dia kaget
ketika ada suara membisik telinganya. Dia menoleh dan mendapati dirinya
berhadapan dengan orang yang dikenalnya. Sekitar dua menit kemudian,
gadis itu mati dicekik...
Catatan:
Pena Beracun
Isi Cerita: Kematian menyerang secara diam-diam. Aku ingat, surat itu
tiba waktu kami sedang sarapan. Pengirimnya pasti dari desa ini saja, dan
alamatnya diketik. Aku membuka surat itu sebelum dua surat lain yang
9/ST/Th berstempel pos London. Di dalamnya terdapat sehelai kertas yang
G/TMF/P ditempeli kata-kata dan huruf-huruf cetak yang telah digunting dari sebuah
B
buku. Sesaat aku menatap kata-kata itu tanpa memahaminya. Kemudian
napasku tersekat.
Mula-mula surat-surat kaleng yang keji itu hanya menyebabkan rasa takut.
Tapi kemudian surat-surat itu menyebabkan kematian. Pertanyaannya
adalah siapa yang akan menjadi korban berikutnya?
Catatan:
10/ST/Th
G/TPL/
Misteri Penginapan Tua
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MPT
Isi Cerita: “Keji sekali... Begitu keji...”
Wanita sekarat itu berbicara pada Pastor Gorman dengan mata yang
memancarkan kesakitan. “Hentikan... Harus dihentikan... Kau harus...”
Pastor itu lalu berbicara dengan sikap tegas yang menenangkan. “Aku
akan lakukan apa yang perlu dilakukan. Kau bisa mempercayaiku.”
Pastor Gorman menyelipkan daftar yang berisi nama-nama yang
disebutkan wanita itu, ke sepatunya. Daftar tanpa makna; daftar nama
orang-orang yang sama sekali tidak punya persamaan.
Dalam perjalanan pulang, Pastor Gorman dibunuh, tapi polisi menemukan
daftar itu. Dan ketika Mark Easterbrook mulai meneliti kondisi orangorang yang ada dalam daftar, dia mulai menemukan hubungan antara
mereka, dan pola yang mengerikan: Semua orang di daftar itu sudah
mati—atau menurut dugaannya, sudah ditandai sebagai sasaran
pembunuhan!
Catatan:
Pembunuhan di Balik Kabut
Isi Cerita: Angin bertiup dari laut. Perlahan -lahan kabut mulai menipis…
menipis…
11/ST/Th
G/WDT/
PBK
Dibawah sana terlihat sesosok tubuh terkapar tak berdaya… Laki-laki itu
berusia empat puluhan, masih bernafas, meskipun pingsan. Bobby
memandangnya. Rambut cokelat yang ikal, hidung yang besar, dagu yang
kukuh, sederet gigi yang putih bersih terlihat dari celah bibirnya yang
sedikit terbuka, dan ... sepasang kaki yang bertekuk aneh.
Tiba - tiba orang itu membuka matanya, dan mengucapkan sebuah kalimat.
"Mengapa mereka tidak memanggil Evans?" Tubuhnya bergetar, kelopak
matanya menutup, dan dagunya turun ... Laki - laki itu mati.
Catatan:
12/ST/Th
G/DCE/L
Ledakan Dendam
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D
Isi Cerita: Pembunuhan empat ribu tahun silam.
Setelah suaminya meninggal, Renisenb mencari kedamaian dengan
kembali kerumah ayahnya di tebing Sungai Nil. Tapi di dalam rumah
tangga ayahnya yang makmur itu mengintai keserahan, nafsu dan
pembunuhan.
Catatan:
Buku Harian Josephine
13/ST/Th
G/CH/B
HJ
Isi Cerita: Keluarga Leonides adalah keluarga besar yang hidup
berkelimpahan di rumah besar di daerah terpandang di pinggiran kota
London. Setelah kematian Aristide Leonides, baru terungkap bahwa salah
satu anggota keluarga itu ternyata pembunuh.
Catatan:
Serpih-serpih Kenangan
14/ST/Th
G/SJR/S
SK
Isi Cerita: Jane Whittaker seperti mendapat kabar buruk. Dia tidak tahu
siapa dirinya, namanya, umurnya… atau bahkan seperti apa rupanya.
Dalam kondisi bingung dan ketakutan dia merambahi jalanan-jalanan di
Boston dengan mengenakan gaun berlumuran darah dan membawa uang
USD 10.000 di sakunya. Hidupnya tiba-tiba kosong—masa lalunya
lenyap… atau dicuri.
Yang tersisa hanyalah seorang laki-laki tampan yang mengaku sebagai
suaminya, dan ada desas-desus tentang anak kecil yang mati, namun tidak
diingatnya sama sekali… serta perasaan menakutkan bahwa sesuatu yang
benar-benar mengerikan akan terjadi.
Catatan:
Mata Rantai yang Hilang
Isi Cerita: Jacko Argyle dituduh membunuh ibunya, dan dipenjarakan. Di
penjara ia meninggal.
15/ST/Th
G/OBI/M Dua tahun kemudian, muncul orang tak dikenal yang menghancurkan
RH
kedamaian dalam rumah tangga Argyle. Bisakah orang asing ini
menemukan mata rantai yang hilang dalam kasus Jacko? Apakah Jacko
memang dihukum atas pembunuhan yang tidak dilakukannya?
Lalu kalau bukan Jacko yang membunuh ibunya... siapa pelakunya?
Catatan:
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Sang Penggoda Hati
Isi Cerita: Viscount Adrian Alistair Rohan dikenal sebagai perayu ulung.
Berkat wajahnya yang tampan dan sikapnya yang memikat, Adrian tak
16/ST/Ro pernah gagal menggodawanita... sampai ia bertemu Charlotte Spenser.
G/Re/SP
H
Awalnya, Adrian hanya menganggap Charlotte gadis polos yang bisa
dijadikan mainan sampai ia menemukan sasaran lebih baik. Tapi di balik
penampilannya yang biasa, Charlotte ternyata wanita yang menawan dan
cerdas. Tahu-tahu Adrian mendapati posisi mereka terbalik dan Charlotte
berubah menjadi sang penggoda hati...
Catatan:
Sang Penjerat Hati
Isi Cerita: Reputasi Miranda Rohan di masyarakat rusak gara-gara satu
keputusan buruk. Ia pun terpaksa hidup terasing dari para bangsawan.
Meski menjalani hari-harinya dengan bahagia, ia tetap merasa ada yang
kurang dari hidupnya.
17/ST/Ro
G/Br/SP Lucien de Malheur bersumpah akan membalas dendam terhadap keluarga
H
Rohan. Kehancuran Lady Miranda beberapa tahun lalu dianggapnya tidak
cukup, maka ia bertekad untuk mengakibatkan lebih banyak kesedihan
kepada keluarga tersebut. Ia tak peduli meski harus menghancurkan
Miranda dalam prosesnya. Tapi Lady Miranda tidak seperti perkirannya.
Bahkan wanita itu memesona. Sekarang Lucien harus memilih antara
membalas dendam dan mendapatkan kehidupan yang tak pernah ia kira
bisa didapatkannya.
Catatan:
Pernikahan Terindah
Isi Cerita:Emmaline Grant bekerja keras demi menciptakan pesta
pernikahan yang indah. Sebagai penata bunga dan partner di Vows—
perusahaan perencana pernikahan yang didirikannya bersama ketiga
18/ST/Ro sahabatnya—karier Emma sangat memuaskan. Namun tidak demikian
G/BOR/P dengan kehidupan cintanya. Meski memercayai cinta, Emma tak kunjung
menemukan pria yang ingin diajaknya berdansa di bawah sinar rembulan.
Ti
Segalanya berubah ketika sahabatnya, Jack Cooke, mengajaknya menjalin
hubungan yang lebih dari sekadar pertemanan. Dan Emma bahagia
sekaligus takut. Ia tak mau kehilangan persahabatan dengan Jack, tapi juga
tidak bisa melepaskan kesempatan baru untuk hubungan mereka. Karena
meski Jack memiliki kekurangan, dia bisa jadi pria sempurna untuk Emma.
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Catatan:
Lukisan Kesayangan
Isi Cerita:Jika Penelope Keeling mengilas balik kehidupannya, putri
seniman itu ternyata telah menjalani hidup yang penuh warna: masa kecil
ala Bohemian yang berkisar antara London dan Cornwall, perkawinan
19/ST/Ro tidak bahagia di masa perang, dan satu-satunya pria tempat cinta sejatinya
G/TSS/L berlabuh. Ia telah membesarkan tiga orang anak yang masing-masing telah
berusaha ia terima sebagaimana adanya. Namun ia masih begitu energik
K
dan mandiri untuk menjalani masa tua yang tenang tanpa hanya berpangku
tangan. Ketika diketahuinya bahwa lukisan karya ayahnya miliknya yang
paling berharga The Shell Seekers, kini sangat tinggi nilainya, sadarlah ia
bahwa keputusan sepenuhnya berada di tangannya. Penelopelah yang
harus menentukan apakah keluarganya akan tetap utuh, atau tercerai berai
sama sekali.
Catatan:
Sang Penakluk Hati
Isi Cerita:Untaian panjang kisah cinta tragis menghantui Viscount
Benedick Francis Alistair Rohan. Kini ia lelah bermain-main dengan
nasib. Benedick mendambakan istri yang kaku dan sopan, wanita yang
bisa ia abaikan usai memuaskan hasrat. Bukan wanita mandiri yang gemar
mendebat.
20/ST/Ro
G/Sh/SP Lalu bak angin puyuh Lady Melisande Carstairs muncul dalam kehidupan
H
Benedick, memorak-porandakan kehidupan pria itu yang tertata rapi.
Selama ini Melisande dikenal sebagai pejuang kaum wanita yang
terpinggirkan, menyelamatkan mereka dari lembah hitam. Ketika adik
Benedick terlibat kegiatan Heavenly Host yang menjurus ke tindak
kekerasan sadis, yang akan mengorbankan salah satu wanita muda asuhan
Melisande, Benedick dan Melisande terpaksa bahu-membahu untuk
menyelamatkan keduanya. Pada malam bulan purnama, kebenaran
terkuak, tentang misteri kelam Heavenly Host dan hati yang tertaklukkan...
Catatan:
21/ST/Ro
G/FRI/C
Cinta Tiba-Tiba
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TT
Isi Cerita:Pekerjaan penuh dedikasi sebagai dokter di Cape Cod? Cek.
Rumah mungil indah milik sendiri? Cek. Anak anjing lucu yang cocok
diajak jalan dan mencuri perhatian pria tampan? Cek! Yang Millie Barnes
butuhkan tinggal perhatian pemuda pujaan wanita sekaligus mantan
gebetannya, Joe Carpenter, maka lengkap sudah hidupnya. Namun, meraih
kesempurnaan tidak pernah mudah. Terutama karena kehadiran Sam
Nickerson, si polisi setempat, begitu mengusik hari-harinya. Memang sih,
Sam butuh teman setelah dicampakkan kakak-gila harta Millie. Tapi, apa
perlu sebegitunya Millie menikmati kehadiran Sam? Bagaimanapun, pria
itu jelas bukan bagian dari rencana besar Millie. Ataukah cinta memang
tak terduga, dan bisa muncul dengan tiba-tiba?
Catatan:
Dua Belas Hari Terindah
Isi Cerita: Desember ini, hidup Evie Anderson dipenuhi kejutan tak
menyenangkan. Tunangannya memutuskan hubungan dengan tiba-tiba,
jabatannya di hotel diturunkan jadi petugas housekeeping, dan kini ia
diusir dari apartemen! Malam itu, karena kelelahan bekerja, Evie tertidur
22/ST/Ro di kamar Penthouse. Tetapi Evie dibangunkan oleh ciuman yang
G/TNC/ memabukkan, dan seluruh indranya seolah terjaga sepenuhnya... sampai ia
DBH
menyadari pria yang menciumnya adalah bos barunya, Rio Zacarelli!
Desember ini, Rio Zacarelli harus menjaga reputasinya seputih salju, demi
perjanjian terpenting dalam hidupnya. Tetapi sepertinya kali ini Rio tak
bisa menahan godaan berupa gadis sederhana dan berani yang bernama
Evie. Mampukah ketertarikan di antara mereka bertahan lebih lama dari
dua belas hari terindah yang mereka bagi bersama?
Catatan:
Pulau Takdir
Isi Cerita: Setelah ayahnya meninggal, Kate Donovan menerima ajakan
Evan, kekasihnya, untuk berlibur di sebuah pulau tropis yang indah.
Namun, bukannya terhibur, Kate malah merasa semakin kesepian dan
terpuruk, apalagi Evan selalu menunda-nunda menemaminya dengan
alasan ada perkerjaan.
23/ST/Ro
G/EBY/P Sementara itu, Mitchell Wyatt tidak menduga kalau pertemuannya yang
T
tidak disengaja dengan Kate akan mengubah hidupnya selamanya. Sejak
kecil, Mitchell sudah ‘dibuang’ oleh keluarganya. Tanpa keluarga yang
menyanyanginya, Mitchell tumbuh menjadi pribadi yang sangat angkuh,
tidak mudah percaya pada orang lain, tapi semua pengalamannya itu
menjadikannya sebagai pengusaha yang sukses dan percaya diri. Selama
ini, Mitchell tidak pernah kesulitan mendapatkan wanita yang
diinginkannya, tapi tidak pernah ada wanita yang mampu membuatnya
terpesona secepat dan sekuat yang dilakukan Kate. Di lain pihak, Kate
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yang merasakan hubungannya semakin hambar dengan Evan, juga
menemukan sesuatu yang baru dan memikat dalam diri Mitchell.
Apakah Kate benar-benar menemukan pasangan hidupnya? Bagaimana
reaksi Evan ketika mengetahui kebenarannya? Dan bagaimanakah akhir
hubungan terlarang antara Kate dan Mitchell?
Catatan:
Selalu dan Selamanya
Isi Cerita: Di usia delapan belas tahun, Natalie Westfield harus
melepaskan mimpinya menjadi penyanyi terkenal dan menikah dengan
pria yang dicintainya. Sebelas tahun kemudian, ia kembali ke rumah
orangtuanya sebagai janda beranak dua yang bangkrut. Mantan suaminya
yang licik telah merebut semua hartanya, kecuali lahan keluarga Westfield
yang diwariskan neneknya.
Atau setidaknya begitulah yang dipikirkan Natalie. Saat mantan suaminya,
24/ST/Ro Robert Patterson, ditemukan tewas terbunuh di garasi, Natalie baru
G/BE/SD mengetahui bahwa selama ini Robert telah menipunya dengan perjanjian
palsu dan Robert hendak menjual lahan keluarganya pada orang lain. Itu
S
motif kuat yang membuat polisi mengarahkan kecurigaan pada Natalie.
Saat hidup Natalie hancur dan tidak punya harapan, koboi tampan yang
tinggal di sebelah rumahnya membawa secercah harapan baru. Zeke
Coulter sebagai pria idaman semua wanita, menyatakan cinta, Natalie
tidak mau memercayainya. Tapi di saat nyawa Natalie dan anak-anaknya
terancam oleh serangkaian kecelakaan yang disengaja, Zeke selalu ada di
sisinya membatu tanpa syarat. Apakah Natalie akan melepaskan pria yang
bersedia mendampinginya di saat suka dan duka karena trauma masa lalu?
Atau hati Natalie akan luluh oleh pria yang menawarkan kebahagiaan dan
cinta selamanya?
Catatan:
Gairah Cinta Viking
Isi Cerita:Demi memenuhi keinginan ayahnya, Lady Brenna Carmarham
dengan berat hati menerima rencana pernikahan yang dipaksakan
25/ST/Ro kepadanya. Betapa terkejutnya ia ketika bangsa Viking datang ke pulaunya
G/FOW/ bukan untuk menjemputnya sebagai calon pengantin putra kepala suku
GCV
mereka, melainkan membantai rakyat Brenna dan menjadikan para wanita
sebagai budak!
Brenna bersumpah tak seorang pun bisa memperbudaknya, termasuk lakilaki Viking yang seharusnya menjadi calon suaminya, Garrick Haardrad.
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Di luar dugaan, Garrick mampu menunjukkan kelembutan dan kesabaran
luar biasa terhadap kekeraskepalaan Brenna. Bahkan saat Brenna
merencanakan pembalasan atas malapetaka yang menimpa bangsanya pun,
ia tak mampu mengabaikan gairah cinta sang laki-laki Viking....
Catatan:
Terpikat
Isi Cerita:Meena Harper percaya tak ada yang benar-benar jahat di dunia
ini, semua mahkluk memiliki pilihan untuk menjadi baik, bahkan mantan
kekasihnya, sang pangeran kegelapan. Sayangnya meyakinkan Alaric
26/ST/Ro Wulf akan teorinya tidaklah mudah. Pria itu bertekad memburu sang
G/
pangeran kegelapan dan memusnahkannya. Terutama ketika ancaman
mematikan baru muncul dan menempatkan orang-orangterdekat Meena
dalam bahaya.
Dalam usahanya mengungkap kebenaran, kesetiaan Meena diuji,
perasaannya diaduk, dan godaan yang tak terbayangkan memikatnya…
Catatan:
Milikmu Seutuhnya
Isi Cerita: Semuanya dimulai pada suatu malam. Suatu malam yang tak
terduga. Malam ketika dua orang dari dunia berbeda terikat untuk
selamanya.
Clay Forester adalah mahasiswa Jurusan Hukum yang tampan, sementara
Catherine adalah mahasiswa serius dan kutu buku—dua orang yang tak
27/ST/Ro mungkin bias bersatu. Namun, malam itu adalah pengecualian. Di bawah
G/SB/M temaram bulan dan bintang-bintang dan ditemani sebotol anggur,
keduanya akhirnya menghabiskan sisa hari itu bersama.
S
Beberapa bulan setelahnya, Catherine mendapati dirinya hamil. Karena
alasan nama baik keluarga, keduanya pun terpakasa menikah dan
menjalani hidup baru sebagai pasangan suami-istri. Baik Clay maupun
Catherine sama-sama tak menginginkan pernikahan ini.
Tapi keduanya baru sadari kemudian, suami-istri itu menyadari sesuatu
yang berbeda di antara mereka. Sesuatu yang dikenal dengan nama…
cinta.
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Catatan:
Yang Terpilih
Isi Cerita: Pierce Oliviera tahu rasanya mati. Pasca kecelakaan yang
membuatnya nyaris mati, Pierce Oliviera berusaha membuka lembaran
baru. Namun, bahkan setelah Pierce pindah ke kota kecil dan masuk ke
sekolah baru, John Hayden selalu saja muncul. Kemunculan cowok itu tak
28/ST/Ro pernah bias diduga, tapi selalu terjadi tepat ketika Pierce amat
G/Ab/YT membutuhkannya.
Dua hal yang diketahui Pierce dengan pasti: John tak mudah ditolak, dan
dia bukan makhluk biasa. Dan jika membiarkan diri jatuh cinta pada John,
Pierce mungkin bakal melewatkan keabadian di suatu tempat yang tak
ingin ia datangi lagi. Dunia tempat roh-roh singgah sebelum melanjutkan
perjalanan mereka. Dunia John: Underwold.
Catatan:
Puncak Obsesi
Isi Cerita: Alice Loudon memiliki segalanya: sahabat-sahabat dekat,
kekasih yang mencintainya, dan karier yang sukses. Suatu hari ketika
menyeberang jalan, ia bertemu pria tak dikenal dan secara impulsif ia
meninggalkan kehidupan lamanya demi menjalin hubungan dengan pria
29/ST/Ro itu. Hubungan yang membawa Alice menuju dunia erotis yang gelap dan
G/KMS/ berbahaya.
PO
Adam Tallis, pahlawan yang selamat dari ekspedisi pendakian yang
berubah menjadi malapetaka, membawa Alice menuju petualangan hidup
yang penuh hasrat misterius. Saat lembar demi lembar kehidupan masa
lalu Adam terungkap, tersingkaplah rahasia kelam yang tak terduga. Tapi
cinta dan obsesi yang menguasai Alice membuatnya tidak peduli... sampai
semua itu mengancam kewarasan dan keselamatan jiwanya.
Catatan:
Bersemi di Rusia
30/ST/Ro
G/SF/Bd Isi Cerita:Demi mencegah adiknya kawin lari, Lady Katherine St. John
R
menyamar dalam pakaian pelayan dan membuntuti sang adik. Siapa
sangka di tengah jalan dirinya diincar Pangeran Dimitri Petrovich
PLAGIAT
PLAGIATMERUPAKAN
MERUPAKANTINDAKAN
TINDAKANTIDAK
TIDAKTERPUJI
TERPUJI
105
Alexandrov yang tengah berkunjung ke London. Dan tiba-tiba saja
Katherine mendapati dirinya diculik dan dibawa ke Rusia!
Dimitri menolak memercayai Katherine wanita bangsawan tulen dan
memperlakukan wanita itu sesuka hati. Katherine tidak cantik, tapi sesuatu
dalam diri wanita itu memikat Dimitri hingga tak bisa berpaling ke wanita
lain. Ini jelas di luar kebiasaan Dimitri yang pembosan sejauh menyangkut
wanita.
Emosi meledak-ledak yang Katherine dan Dimitri tujukan terhadap satu
sama lain benar-benar campur aduk. Marah, jelas. Benci, ya. Dendam,
pasti. Tapi cinta...?
Katherine dan Dimitri sama-sama tidak berani berpikir ke arah sana!
Catatan:
PLAGIAT
PLAGIATMERUPAKAN
MERUPAKANTINDAKAN
TINDAKANTIDAK
TIDAKTERPUJI
TERPUJI
Appendix 4: Recapitulation of Acceptability Questionnaires
Respo
ndent
Questi
onnair
e/No
Data
1/ST/T
hG/BT
M/RD
K
2/ST/T
hG/D
MF/K
B
3/ST/T
hG/FL
P/MP
4/ST/T
hG/HD
D/PPM
5/ST/T
hG/PE
H/HM
6/ST/T
hG/SC/
MTB
R
1
R
2
R
3
R
4
R
5
R
6
R
7
R
8
R9
R
10
R
11
R
12
R1
3
R
14
R
15
R
16
R
17
R
18
R
19
R
20
R
21
R
22
R
23
R
24
R
25
R
26
R
27
R
28
R
29
R
30
∑
Ave
rage
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
36
1.2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
47
1.6
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
2
2
42
1.4
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
1
2
46
1.6
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
44
1.5
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
47
1.6
106
PLAGIAT
PLAGIATMERUPAKAN
MERUPAKANTINDAKAN
TINDAKANTIDAK
TIDAKTERPUJI
TERPUJI
7/ST/T
hG/SC/
KK
8/ST/T
hG/TC/
MM
9/ST/T
hG/TM
F/PB
10/ST/
ThG/T
PH/MP
T
11/ST/
ThG/W
DT/PB
K
12/ST/
ThG/D
CE/LD
13/ST/
ThG/C
H/BHJ
14/ST/
ThG/SJ
R/SSK
15/ST/
ThG/O
BI/MR
H
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
39
1.3
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
39
1.3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
1
1
1
41
1.4
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
1
43
1.4
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
40
1.3
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
43
1.4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
1
42
1.4
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
2
1
2
2
1
41
1.4
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
36
1.2
107
PLAGIAT
PLAGIATMERUPAKAN
MERUPAKANTINDAKAN
TINDAKANTIDAK
TIDAKTERPUJI
TERPUJI
16/ST/
RoG/R
e/SPH
17/ST/
RoG/B
r/SPH
18/ST/
RoG/B
OR/PT
19/ST/
RoG/T
SS/LK
20/ST/
RoG/S
h/SPH
21/ST/
RoG/F
RI/CT
T
22/ST/
RoG/T
NC/DB
H
23/ST/
RoG/E
BY/PT
24/ST/
RoG/B
E/SDS
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
2
35
1.2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
34
1.1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
40
1.3
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
36
1.2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
38
1.3
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
36
1.2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
32
1.1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
1
2
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
42
1.4
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
42
1.4
108
PLAGIAT
PLAGIATMERUPAKAN
MERUPAKANTINDAKAN
TINDAKANTIDAK
TIDAKTERPUJI
TERPUJI
25/ST/
RoG/F
OW/G
CV
26/ST/
RoG/O
v/Te
27/ST/
RoG/S
B/MS
28/ST/
RoG/A
b/YT
29ST/
RoG/K
MS/PO
30/ST/
RoG/S
F/BDR
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
38
1.3
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
2
1
1
41
1.4
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
1
41
1.4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
2
2
41
1.4
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
39
1.3
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
39
1.3
Total
42
40
32
34
34
34
31
30
41
42
37
40
36
35
49
39
37
37
42
47
41
38
50
48
43
39
42
43
45
41
Averag
e Score
1.
4
1.
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1.4
1.
4
1.
3
1.
3
1.
2
1.
2
1.
7
1.
3
1.
2
1.
2
1.
4
1.
6
1.
4
1.
3
1.
7
1.
6
1.
4
1.
3
1.
4
1.
4
1.
5
1.
4
109
PLAGIAT
PLAGIATMERUPAKAN
MERUPAKANTINDAKAN
TINDAKANTIDAK
TIDAKTERPUJI
TERPUJI
110
Appendix 5: Data Recapitulation of Acceptability Analysis Result
Code
ST
TT
Average
Score
1/ST/ThG/BPM/RTK
By the Pricking of
My Thumb
Rumah di Tepi Kanal
1.2
2/ST/ThG/DMF/KB
Dead Man’s Folly
Kubur Berkubah
1.6
3/ST/ThG/FLP/MP
Five Little Pigs
Mengungkit
Pembunuhan
1.4
4/ST/ThG/HDD/PPM
Hickory Dickory
Dock
Pembunuhan di
Pondokan Mahasiswa
1.5
Peril at the End
House
Hotel Majestic
1.5
6/ST/ThG/SC/MTB
Sad Cypress
Mawar Tak Berduri
1.6
7/ST/ThG/SC/KK
Sparkling Cyanide
Kenangan Kematian
1.3
8/ST/ThG/TC/MM
The Clocks
Mayat Misterius
1.3
9/ST/ThG/TMF/PB
The Moving Finger
Pena Beracun
1.4
10/ST/ThG/TPH/MP
T
The Pale Horse
MisteriPenginapanTu
a
1.4
11/ST/ThG/WDT/PB
K
Why Didn’t They
Ask Evan?
Pembunuhan di Balik
Kabut
1.3
12/ST/ThG/DCE/LD
Death Comes as the
End
Ledakan Dendam
1.4
13/ST/ThG/CH/BHJ
Crooked House
Buku Harian
Josephine
1.4
14/ST/ThG/SJR/SSK
See Jane Run
Serpih-serpih
Kenangan
1.4
15/ST/ThG/OBI/MR
H
Ordeal by Innocence
Mata Rantai yang
Hilang
1.2
16/ST/RoG/Re/SPH
Reckless
Sang Penggoda Hati
1.2
5/ST/ThG/PEH/HM
PLAGIAT
PLAGIATMERUPAKAN
MERUPAKANTINDAKAN
TINDAKANTIDAK
TIDAKTERPUJI
TERPUJI
111
17/ST/RoG/Br/SPH
Breathless
Sang Penjerat Hati
1.1
18/ST/RoG/BOR/PT
Bed of Roses
Pernikahan Terindah
1.3
19/ST/RoG/TSS/LK
The Shell Seekers
Lukisan Kesayangan
1.2
20/ST/RoG/Sh/SPH
Shameless
Sang Penakluk Hati
1.3
21/ST/RoG/FRI/CTT
Fools Rush in
Cinta Tiba-tiba
1.2
22/ST/RoG/TNC/DB
H
The Twelve Nights of
Christmas
Dua Belas Hari
Terindah
1.1
23/ST/RoG/EBY/PT
Every Breath You
Take
Pulau Takdir
1.4
24/ST/RoG/BE/SDS
Bright Eyes
Selalu dan Selamanya
1.4
25/ST/RoG/FOW/GC
V
Fires of Winter
Gairah Cinta Viking
1.3
26/ST/RoG/Ov/Te
Overbite
Terpikat
1.4
27/ST/RoG/SB/MS
Separate Beds
Milikmu Seutuhnya
1.4
28/ST/RoG/Ab/YT
Abandon
Yang Terpilih
1.4
29/ST/RoG/KMS/PO
Killing Me Softly
Puncak Obsesi
1.3
30/ST/RoG/SF/BDR
Secret Fire
Bersemi di Russia
1.3

plagiat merupakan tindakan tidak terpuji plagiat

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