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cardiidae in the zoological museum, copenhagen
1
Cardiidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) in the collection of Statens
naturhistoriske Museum, previously the Zoological Museum,
University of Copenhagen (ZMUC). Annotated and revised.
Part 1 (of 2).
JØRGEN HYLLEBERG
Steenstrupia
Hylleberg. J. Cardiidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) in the collection of Statens naturhistoriske Museum,
previously the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen (ZMUC). Annotated and revised. –
Steenstrupia 31 (1): 1–101. Copenhagen, Denmark. August 2009. ISSN 0375-2909.
The Zoological Museum of the University of Copenhagen has a comprehensive collection of cardiids
established over a period of more than 250 years. The oldest specimens from the first Royal Art Museum can not be dated, but from 1763 (Forskål’s collection) and onwards dates are present, or a least a
time interval can be deducted from the collector’s period of life or time of publication, e.g. Spengler,
Schumacher, Moltke, Yoldi, and King Christian 8th. Dr. H. Beck served the King from 1829-1848 so his
period of service can also be used to estimate dates. The most precise information is available from the
period 1844-1878 when Mörch took care of the molluscs. He produced a series of detailed catalogues
where he noted the collector, date and locality, and he marked the labels and specimens with numbers.
His efforts were remarkable and a great help to present day students of the collection. Before 1863,
the zoological collections in Denmark were located in a number of buildings. The situation changed
when the royal collections and the university collections amalgamated by law in 1862. Construction
of the museum began in 1864 and moving of the specimens took place in 1867. Official inauguration
was in 1870. As a result, all specimens were now deposited in the Zoological Museum constructed in
Krystalgade. During the following years, a large number of cardiids were added in the wake of fishery
investigations and expeditions such as the Atlantide and the second Galathea Expeditions 1950-52, The
collecting efforts by R.H. Parker and the worldwide expeditions by Dr. Th. Mortensen from 1900-1930
also resulted in a remarkable number of accessions. The Krystalgade museum functioned in 100 years
until it was replaced by the present Zoological Museum in Universitetsparken. This happened in 1960
when a new museum law passed the Parliament. The research section of the museum opened 1963
and the exhibition was officially inaugurated in 1970. Labels produced during the long history of the
cardiid collection carry many abbreviations of collectors, localities, references, and various notes. With
few exceptions, the labels are handwritten and the language is Danish. Gothic style predominates on
old labels. I have translated all texts into English and annexed explanations to an illustrated dictionary. The dictionary shows the meaning of the often-cryptic abbreviations. The dictionary also reviews
the location and activity period of zoological collections in Copenhagen as well as records from old
catalogues by Beck and Mörch.
I have checked all identifications and added new information. Jacques Vidal from the Natural History
Museum in Paris checked about 600 lots. I include about 3680 lots in the present catalogue. Species
and genera are listed alphabetically within the family Cardiidae (39 genera). At the end of the catalogue
I list all fossil cardiids present in the collection: “Cardium”, Bucardium, Cardium, Cerastoderma,
Orthocardium, Papillicardium, Aviculariidae (one genus) and Conocardiidae (one genus).
Keywords: Cardiidae, history of the cardiid collection, Spengler, Beck, Mörch, King Christian 8th,
review of collectors and museums, Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen.
Jørgen Hylleberg, fil. dr., prof. emer., research associate. Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark & Department of Biological Sciences,
University of Aarhus, Denmark. E-mail: [email protected]
Steenstrupia 31 (1): 1–101.
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j. hylleberg
Table of Contents
Introduction ...............................................
Cardiids of the world ocean present at
the ZMUC ............................................
Chronological overview of the museum
collections in Copenhagen ...................
Acknowledgements & Dedication ............
Higher classification, subfamilies .............
Checklist of extant species of Cardiidae ...
Dictionary .................................................
The collection of cardiids at ZMUC .........
Fossils cardiids ..........................................
References .................................................
Index to species in the catalogue ..............
6
10
11
15
19
103
317
320
322
CARDIID GENERA
Acanthocardia ...........................................
Acrosterigma .............................................
Afrocardium ..............................................
Americardia ..............................................
Bucardium .................................................
Cardium ....................................................
Cerastobyssum ..........................................
Cerastoderma ............................................
Ciliatocardium ..........................................
Clinocardium ............................................
Corculum ...................................................
Ctenocardia ...............................................
Dallocardia ...............................................
Dinocardium .............................................
Europicardium ..........................................
Fragum ......................................................
Frigidocardium .........................................
Fulvia ........................................................
Goethemia .................................................
104
126
132
134
138
139
142
147
171
182
183
187
190
196
198
200
205
206
217
2
4
Hemicardium .............................................
Keenaea .....................................................
Laevicardium .............................................
Laevifulvia .................................................
Lophocardium ...........................................
Lunulicardia ..............................................
Lyrocardium ..............................................
Microcardium ............................................
Microfragum .............................................
Nemocardium ............................................
Papillicardium ...........................................
Papyridea ..................................................
Parvicardium .............................................
Phlogocardium ..........................................
Plagiocardium ...........................................
Pratulum ....................................................
Protocardia ...............................................
Serripes .....................................................
Trachycardium ..........................................
Trigoniocardia ...........................................
Vasticardium ..............................................
Vepricardium .............................................
218
218
219
235
235
236
238
239
242
242
244
246
249
278
279
280
281
281
291
299
301
311
FOSSIL CARDIIDS
Classified as “Cardium” ............................
Acanthocardia ...........................................
Bucardium .................................................
Cardium .....................................................
Cerastoderma ............................................
Habecardium .............................................
Orthocardium ............................................
Papillicardium ...........................................
Avicularium ...............................................
Conocardium .............................................
317
317
317
318
318
318
318
319
319
319
INTRODUCTION
My study of the collection of cardiids at the
Zoological Museum started in 1996. From the
beginning I knew that the collection was extensive with thousands of cardiids stored in boxes
and tubes, but I had not realised how difficult it
would be to find a particular specimen among the
large amount of specimens. The ZM specimens
are roughly sorted into genera but a main problem
arising from this way of organising a collection
is that generic and subgeneric combinations
have changed much over time and no single
curator can manage to shift specimens around in
accordance with the changes (Hylleberg, 1994).
In addition, the curators have faced problems associated with highly variable characters such as
size, shape, thickness of shells, and ornamenta-
cardiidae in the zoological museum, copenhagen
tion. A given specimen may not fit into a given
generic definition so the shells have been left
without further identification.
The present curator of molluscs (Dr. Ole Tendal) is a specialist of another phylum but he was
requested by the museum to curate the molluscs
also because the ZM lacks scientific staff. For
many decades, various Danish governments have
cut the funding thereby creating the situation of
today. In consequence, neither the ZM nor the
universities in Denmark have been able to permanently hire scientists specialised in molluscs. The
result is that the people engaged in systematics
and taxonomy of molluscs consist of amateurs,
students, or retired people working as volunteers
such as me (since 2005). Therefore, Dr. Ole
Tendal was happy when I offered to improve the
situation by checking the specimens and putting
the findings into a catalogue.
In 1999 I received help from the late cardiid
researcher Jacques Vidal, who worked at the
Natural History Museum in Paris. He came to
Denmark for one week and we worked together
in my home with about 600 lots from the ZM.
Later I continued alone and checked identification of species in the collection and I classified
previously unidentified species as shown in the
present catalogue.
The work was intensified in connection with
my publication Lexical Approach to Cardiacea
vols. 1–3 (2004). However, I have not been able
to assign all specimens to species. Some species
display extreme variation in shape, number of
ribs, and colours. Such specimens are conferred
to the genus or species they resemble most. A
closer examination will probably reveal that
some of these specimens only express geographical variation or modifications caused by environmental factors, while other specimens may turn
out to be undescribed species.
Structure of the catalogue
Each entry starts with the country or body of
water where the specimens were collected. I have
used information on the labels when possible, but
often the labels only specify the country, a bay, or
an island. In such cases, I have added the body of
water. – Separated by dashes (–) I quote information on labels, generally translated into English,
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but geographical names and abbreviations usually appear with the original spelling maintained.
Abbreviations and some common Danish words
are explained in the dictionary.
1st dash: Deposition of the specimens. The
cardiids of ZMUC are located in three different
sections of the store room:
[SPECIAL DRY] is the special collection
deposited in separate cabinets containing recognised type material, historical material from the
Forskål expedition to the Red Sea and Yemen,
and material identified by Spengler (the Spengler
collection), and specimens previously deposited
in the “Kunstkammer” = the Royal Museum.
Some specimens (possibly type material) are also
stored in the special collection.
[DRY] is the general dry collection which
includes specimens from all other sources. Of
special interest are shells from the museum of the
Danish King Christian 8th. Such shells are marked
CVIII on the inside.
[WET] is the general wet collection contains
all specimens preserved in alcohol, except the
North Atlantic cardiids which are on other
shelves.
2nd dash: Next follows detailed locality information according to the labels, sediment characteristics, and depth of sampling.
3rd dash: The time of sampling. If the year is
missing I have added “before” signifying the
minimum age according to the year the collector died.
4th dash: The collector, name of expedition/
vessel, and station number. If unknown, I list
the original collection from where the specimen
came.
5th dash: Identification at ZM as it appears
from a given label succeeded by other persons,
who have identified, or expressed their opinions
on the material.
6th dash: in the Remarks, I show information
on number of specimens and their condition as
well as additional information, which appear on
labels or specimens in the collection. I specify
the author if I can identify the handwriting. I also
give other information, such as reference to ZM
museum catalogues.
7th dash: When I worked with the present
material I numbered specimens to facilitate work
with the material. I have written these numbers at
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j. hylleberg
the end of each entry (JH #), but the numbers are
not part of the official museum record. The museum does not apply catalogue numbers, except
for some type specimens.
Authorship mentioned on labels
Please note that the following authors are unavailable for the purpose of nomenclature: Argenville, Bonanno, Chemnitz, Gronovius, Gualtieri, Lister, Martini & Chemnitz, Klein, Martyn,
Meuschen, Rumph, Seba, Spengler in Schröter,
and Schröter. The authors are not binominal but
quoted on old cardiid labels. They are included
here for historical reasons.
Gender of names formed from Greek or Latin
It is not always simple to know the correct ending
of specific names because knowledge of Greek
and Latin lack in the education of present day
students of natural sciences, including myself.
Labels at the ZMUC show that the gender and
ending may have changed 3 times over time in
the same species, e.g. Aphrodite groenlandica,
Cardium groenlandicum, and Serripes groenlandicus. The International Code of Zoological
Nomenclature (ICZN) has a number of guidelines specified in Article 30 to assist biologist
in coining the right gender. The sex of gender is
necessary in order to give the correct ending to
the species name, e.g. Cardium australe because
Cardium is neuter. When Cardium australe is
moved to the genus Fulvia, the specific name
must be changed to australis because Fulvia is
feminine.
ICZN 30.1.1 The gender is given by the final
component, in the case of a noun, the gender of
that noun. Greek words ending in -a are most
likely feminine (Nybakken, 1959) but they are
neuter if the ending is -ma e.g., Acrosterigma
and Cerastoderma. Stigma is neuter < Greek =
pillar, support. Derma is neuter < reek derma =
skin. (Brown 1959). A Latin word ending in -a
is feminine, -um is neuter, and -us is masculine.
E.g., Corculum is neuter. < Latin = small heart
and Fragum is neuter. < Latin = Strawberry.
ICZN, 30.1.2 Greek words transliterated into
Latin without other changes take the gender
given for that word in standard Greek dictionaries, e.g. Serripes. The gender is given by the final
component. -pes is masculine < Latinized Greek;
pedis = foot. (Brown 1959). Cardia is feminine. <
Latinized Greek kardia = heart (Brown 1959).
ICZN 30.1.3 Greek word Latinized with
change of ending, takes the gender normally appropriate to the changed ending, e.g. Cardium;
-um is neuter. < Latinized Greek kardia = heart.
Cerastobyssum; -um is neuter. < Greek byssos
(feminine). < Latin byssus = thread.
ICZN 30.1.4.4 A Latin word with changed
ending takes the gender appropriate to the new
ending, e.g. Papyridea -a is feminine. < Greek
papyros = paper. < Latin idus = having the nature
of. Pratulum: -um is neuter < Latin pratulum =
diminutive of lawn.
ICZN 30.2.4. Gender of names formed from
words that are neither Latin nor Greek. Goe­
themia: Latinized name honouring Dr. van
Goethem (male) but the author treated the gender
as feminine. Keenaea: Latinized name in honour
of Dr Keen (female). The gender is feminine.
CARDIIDS OF THE WORLD OCEAN
PRESENT AT THE ZMUC
The World Ocean is the interconnected system
of earth’s oceanic waters. There is pronounced
interchange among its parts, and each Ocean
encompasses many interconnected seas and bays.
For the purpose of the present catalogue I distinguish between three principal oceanic areas: the
Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, and the Pacific
Ocean. Excluded here are the independent Arctic
Ocean around the North Pole (listed under the
Atlantic Ocean) and the Southern Ocean around
the South Pole (no cardiids are recorded from
this area).
The Equator subdivides the oceans into northern and southern parts. The landmasses of the
surrounding continents subdivide the oceans into
western and eastern parts.
Basically, the ZMUC cardiids are listed according to countries bordering the oceans, but
it is not possible to go fully through with this
concept because the old labels usually lack sufficient information. Samples from Mexico and
Panama, for example, may originate from coastlines facing the western Atlantic or the eastern
cardiidae in the zoological museum, copenhagen
Pacific. Records from such countries are marked
”pooled”. Similarly, some countries are located
both north and south of Equator, e.g. Indonesia.
A simple classification is further complicated by
the fact that Indonesia encompasses islands in
both the Pacific and the Indian Oceans. Records
from such countries are also marked ”pooled”.
Geographical areas (seas, countries, islands)
are listed in alphabetical order for each of the
three oceans. Records per area are enclosed in
brackets. The counts represent information on
labels rather than strict national affiliations.
Fossil specimens of the collection and records
without locality (sine loc.) are put together in the
last paragraph.
ATLANTIC OCEAN
Adriatic Sea (4) Central Mediterranean, without
specification. – Algeria (7) North Africa, Western Mediterranean. – Angola (8) SE Atlantic,
West Africa. – Antilles (168) NW Atlantic & the
Caribbean Sea. Pooled. – Atlantic Ocean (19)
without specification. – Azores (3) NE Atlantic
islands. – Balearic Islands (1) NE Atlantic,
Western Mediterranean. – Barbados (1) NW
Atlantic island, West Indies. – Bermuda (3)
NW Atlantic island. – Brazil (14) SW Atlantic,
South America. – Cameroon (2) NE Atlantic,
West Africa. – Canada NW Atlantic & NE
Pacific. See under the Pacific Ocean. – Canary
Islands (7) NE Atlantic – Cape Verde (10) NE
Atlantic islands. – Central America (1) NW
Atlantic & NE Pacific, Pooled. – Colombia (7)
NW Atlantic (Caribbean) & NE Pacific, South
America. Pooled. – Congo (5) SE Atlantic, West
Africa. – Corsica (11) NE Atlantic, Western
Mediterranean, island. – Croatia (1) Adriatic
Sea, Europe. – Cuba (3) NW Atlantic, Caribbean Sea. – Denmark (899) NE Atlantic, North
Sea, Skagerrak, Kattegat, many fjords and belts,
Øresund, & the Baltic, Europe. Pooled. – Egypt
(9) North Africa, Eastern Mediterranean &
Red Sea. Pooled. – Faroe Islands (128) North
Atlantic. – Finland (11) The Baltic Sea. Åland
Islands, Europe. – France (19) NE Atlantic and
Mediterranean, Europe. Pooled. – French Eq.
Africa (3) NE Atlantic, West Africa. – Guinea
(17) NE Atlantic, West Africa. – Gambia (17)
NE Atlantic, West Africa. – Germany (17)
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NE Atlantic, North Sea & Baltic Sea, Europe.
Pooled. – Ghana (5) NE Atlantic, West Africa.
– Gold Coast (15) NE Atlantic, West Africa. –
Gran Canaria (1) NE Atlantic islands. – Greece
(7) NE Atlantic, Mediterranean. – Greenland
(180) North Atlantic island. – Guinea (38) NE
Atlantic, West Africa. – Haiti (2) NW Atlantic,
Caribbean Sea. – Iceland (303) North Atlantic
island. – Ireland (2) North Atlantic – Israel (10)
NE Atlantic, Eastern Mediterranean & Red Sea.
Pooled. – Italy (55) NE Atlantic, Mediterranean
& Adriatic. – Ivory Coast (1) NE Atlantic, West
Africa. – Jamaica (1) SW Atlantic, Caribbean
Sea. – Jan Mayen (7) North Atlantic island. –
Latvia (1) NE Atlantic, the Baltic Sea. – Lebanon (1) NE Atlantic, E Mediterranean. – Liberia
(10) NE Atlantic, West Africa. – Madeira (5)
NE Atlantic islands. – Mediterranean (33) NE
Atlantic, without specification. – Mexico (183)
NW Atlantic & NE Pacific, Central America.
Pooled. – Morocco (5) NE Atlantic, North Africa & Mediterranean. Pooled. – Nicaragua (4)
NW Atlantic & NE Pacific, Central America.
Pooled. – Nigeria (5) NE Atlantic, West Africa.
– Norway (43) NE Atlantic. – Panama (45) NW
Atlantic & NE Pacific, Central America. Pooled.
– Poland (1) NE Atlantic, the Baltic Sea. – Portugal (9) NE Atlantic. – Puerto Rico (1) NW
Atlantic, Central American island. – Rhodes (2)
NE Atlantic, Mediterranean island. – Romania
(6) NE Atlantic, Black Sea. – Russia (10) NE
Atlantic-NW Pacific, Baltic Sea, Barents Sea,
Kara Sea, the Okhotsk Sea, Caspian Sea. Pooled.
– Salvador (1) SW Atlantic, Brazil, Bahia, South
America. – Sardinia (11) NE Atlantic, Mediterranean island. – Senegal (3) NE Atlantic, West
Africa. – Sierra Leone (4) NE Atlantic, West
Africa. – South Africa (5) SE Atlantic, SW
Indian Ocean. Pooled. – Spain (3) NE Atlantic,
Mediterranean. Europe. Pooled. – Spitsbergen
(5) North Atlantic island. – St. Helena (11) SE
Atlantic island. – Sweden (28) NE Atlantic, Kattegat, Baltic. Pooled. – Tunisia (15) NE Atlantic,
Mediterranean, North Africa. Pooled. – Turkey
(1) NE Atlantic, Black Sea. – UK/England (10)
NE Atlantic, the Channel, North Sea. Pooled.
– Ukraine (5) NE Atlantic, Black Sea. – USA
(66) NW Atlantic, Mexican Gulf & NE Pacific.
Pooled. – Venezuela (11) NW Atlantic, South
America. – Vera Cruz (2) NW Atlantic, coast
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j. hylleberg
state in East Mexico, Central America. – West
Africa (3) NE Atlantic, without specification. –
West Indies (1) NW Atlantic, without specification, see also under Antilles.
PACIFIC OCEAN
Annaa Island (1) NE Pacific. – Australia (43)
Indo-Pacific, Torres Strait, Arafura Sea, Coral
Sea, Tasmanian Sea. Pooled. – Bismarck Islands
(3) SW Pacific. – Canada (17) NE Pacific & NW
Atlantic. Pooled. – Caroline Islands (1) NW
Pacific. – China (14) NW Pacific, South China
Sea. – Colombia see under the Atlantic Ocean. –
Coral Sea (5) SW Pacific, not specified. – Easter
Island (3) SE Pacific. – Fiji Islands (21) SW
Pacific. – Hawaii (5) NE Pacific. – Hong Kong
(1) NW Pacific, South China Sea. – Indonesia
see under the Indian Ocean. – Japan (16) NW
Pacific, Japan Sea. – Lord Hood’s Island (5) NE
Pacific. – Mexico See under the Atlantic Ocean.
– Malaysia see under the Indian Ocean. – Marshall Islands (1) NW Pacific. – Mellish Reef (1)
SW Pacific. – New Brittany (1) SW Pacific. –
New Caledonia (2) SW Pacific. – New Zealand
(31) SW Pacific, Tasmanian Sea. – Nicaragua
see under the Atlantic Ocean. – Pacific Ocean
(1) without specifications. – Panama see under
the Atlantic Ocean. – Papua (6) previously New
Guinea, SW Pacific, Torres Strait, Coral Sea,
Solomon Sea. – Philippines (56) NW Pacific,
Celebes Sea, Sulu Sea, Java Sea. – Russia see
under the Atlantic Ocean. – Samarai Island (9)
SW Pacific, China Strait, Coral Sea. – Singapore
see under the Indian Ocean. – Solomon Islands
(4) SW Pacific, Solomon Sea. – South Africa
see under the Atlantic Ocean. – Tahiti (2) SW
Pacific island. – Taiwan (1) previously Formosa,
NW Pacific, South China Sea, East China Sea. –
Thailand see under the Indian Ocean. – Tonga
Islands (4) SW Pacific. – USA see under the Atlantic Ocean. – Vietnam (6) NW Pacific, South
China Sea.
(5) NW Indian Ocean, Persian Gulf. – Bangladesh (2) Northern Indian Ocean, Bay of Bengal.
– East Indies (12), see also under Indian Ocean
without specifications. – French Somaliland (1)
NW Indian Ocean, E Africa. – India (28) Northern Indian Ocean, Bay of Bengal, Arabian Sea.
Pooled. – Indian Ocean (10) without specifications. – Indonesia (105) Indo-Pacific, Strait of
Malacca, South China Sea (Malaya Sea), Celebes
Sea, Molucca Sea, Banda Sea, Flores Sea, Timor
Sea, Macassar Strait, Java Sea. Pooled. – Iran
(16) NW Indian Ocean, Caspian Sea, Persian
Gulf, Gulf of Oman. Pooled. – Kenya (6) SW
Indian Ocean, Mombasa, East Africa. – Kuwait
(2) NW Indian Ocean, Persian Gulf. – Madagascar (1) SW Indian Ocean island. – Malaysia (5)
Indo-Pacific, Malacca Strait, Gulf of Thailand,
South China Sea. Pooled. – Mauritius (8) SW
Indian Ocean island. – Mozambique (10) SW
Indian Ocean, E Africa. – Nicobar Islands (13)
NE Indian Ocean, Andaman Sea. – Pakistan (4)
Northern Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea. – Qatar (6)
NW Indian Ocean, Persian Gulf. – Red Sea (10)
NW Indian Ocean, no specifications. – Saudi
Arabia (7) NW Indian Ocean, Red Sea, Arabian
Sea, Persian Gulf. – Singapore (28) Indo-Pacific,
Strait of Malacca, South China Sea. Pooled. – Sri
Lanka (8) formerly Ceylon, NE Indian Ocean,
Bay of Bengal. – Thailand (155) Indo-Pacific,
Andaman Sea, Gulf of Thailand. Pooled. – Zanzibar (4) SW Indian Ocean island. East Africa.
WITHOUT LOCALITY (sine loc.) & FOSSILS
Fossils (21) Belgium, England, France, Russia,
Italy, sine loc. – sine loc. (356) Localities are not
specific or labels are missing. However, labels
may have been misplaced and turn up later in
other cabinets. Alternatively they are permanently gone.
INDIAN OCEAN
CHRONOLOGICAL OVERVIEW OF
THE MUSEUM COLLECTIONS IN
COPENHAGEN
Andaman Islands (13) NE Indian Ocean, Andaman Sea. – Arafura Sea (18) SE Indian Ocean. –
Australia see under the Pacific Ocean. – Bahrain
The purpose of this overview is to introduce the
reader to the chronology of old labels. There may
be up to six labels in one box covering centuries
cardiidae in the zoological museum, copenhagen
of time. The labels may carry names of the collector or the curator, but no mention of years, which
are important since classification has changed
much over time. Some cardiids at the ZMUC are
very old (more than 250 years), but unfortunately
many original labels have been lost because of
war, and/or fire, or transfer from one collection
to another. For example, there are no original
labels attached with the specimens collected by
Forskål in the Red Sea 1763. In this connection,
the catalogues by Beck and Mörch have been useful in tracing the origin. Special credit must go to
Mörch’s careful marking of individual specimens
and labels, among others the specimens, which
were unpacked after storage for longer periods
because of fire or war damage. Mörch’s markings
are very reliable.
Furthermore, markings inside the shells may
give reference to the original depository or collector. Such information is helpful in estimating the year when the specimen was acquired.
Usually the information is abbreviated and may
appear cryptic to persons unfamiliar with the
complicated history of the collections. I have
therefore compiled a dictionary elaborating on
those terms.
In this chronology I have identified persons
who have contributed to the cardiid collection
at ZMUC in various ways (they are marked
with an asterisk*). However, more persons than
those I have listed may be identified in the future
so the chronology also encompasses potential
contributors (persons who submitted specimens,
identified, labeled, etc.).
1623–1654
Museum Wormianum
1654 Professor Ole Worm passed away. The collection (Fig.1) was transferred to The Royal
Art Museum (Kunstkammeret).
1650–1821
Kunstkammeret = Museum Regium
1650–1680 The Royal Art Museum was housed
in the first Christiansborg castle.
1680–1821 The Royal Art Museum had address
in the library building of the university.
1775–1801 *Lorenz Spengler. Curator.
1807 Lorenz Spengler passed away.
7
1821 The Museum closed. The zoological collections were transferred to KM.
1657–1728
The First Cabinet of Natural History
1657–1728 “Universitetets 1. Naturalkammer”.
1770–1789 *Brünnich, M.T. Prof. Manager.
1728 The First Cabinet burned down.
1740–1770
The Second Cabinet of Natural History
1740–1770 “Universitetets 2. Naturalkammer”.
1770 Collections had fallen into decay and were
lost.
1759–1772
The Naturalia and Housekeeping Cabinet
1759–1772 “Natural- og Husholdnings-Cabi­­
nettet” in Charlottenborg, Kgs. Nytorv.
1759–1772 Ascanius, P. Professor
1772 The collections were transferred to the New
Natural History Theater.
1770–1810
The New Natural History Theater
1770–1810 “Universitetets Nye Natural ­Theater”
in building of Kommunitetet, Nørregade 10.
1770–1789 *Brünnich, M. T. Prof. Manager.
1772 The museum received all specimens from
the Naturalia and Housekeeping Cabinet.
1795–1810 *Wad, Gregers Prof. Manager.
1807–1810 Collections stored at Nørregade 10,
following a major fire in 1807.
1810 *Moltke, J.G. bought the collection.
1789–1805
Natural History Association Museum
1789 *Abildgaard, Peter Christian established
“Naturhistorie-Selskabet” in Prinsens Palæ.
1789–1805 *Vahl, Martin. Prof. Manager.
1805 Collections were transferred to KM.
1810-1864
The academic museum (Mus. acad.)
1810 *Moltke donated a new Zoological Museum to the University (“Det
���������������������
grevelige Moltke’ske Universitetet tilhørende Zoologisk
Mu­seum” or the Academic Museum). It was
located at Nørregade 10 (1810–1832), at St.
Kannikestræde 34 (1832–1838), and again at
Nørregade 10 (1838–1864)
1810–1813 Rathke, Jens. Professor, manager.
8
j. hylleberg
Fig. 1. Copper showing Ole Worm's Museum in 1655. Modified after fig. 1 in Wolff 1999.
1813–1845 *Reinhardt, Joh. H. Prof. Manager.
1831–1846 *Beck, Henrik. Dr. Assistant.
1845–1864 *Steenstrup, Japetus. Prof. zool.
1848 *King Christian VIII died and part of his
large collection at the Amalienborg Castle was
transferred to the University Museum.
1851–1864 *Lütken, Chr. Dr. Assistant.
1852–1864 *Steenstrup, Japetus. Prof. Manag.
1852–1864 *Mörch, O. A. L. Assistant.
1796–1804
The Royal Commission active
1796–1814 Frederik Christian of Augustenborg.
Establishment & management of the royal
­museum (KM).
1796–1827 *Reventlow, C. D.
1796–1829 Schimmelmann, E.
1796–1801 *Abildgaard, Peter Christian.
1801–1808 Rafn, C. G.
1802–1838 Hauch, A. W.
1804–1821
The Royal Natural History Museum
“Det kongelige Museum (KM)” was located in
two places: The Spengler coll. in Rosenborg
Castle (1804–1821) and other specimens at
Østergade (1805–1821).
1804 Spengler’s shell collection was acquired.
1804–1821 *Wad, Gregers. Prof. Inspector.
1805–1805 Holten, H. S. Inspector.
1806–1821 *Reinhardt, Joh. H. Inspector.
1808–1851 Lehmann, M. C. G. manag. of KM.
1814–1838 Hauch, A. W. Chief of KM manag.
1821 The two KM collections in Rosenborg and
Østergade were transferred to the new Royal
Natural History Museum in Stormgade.
cardiidae in the zoological museum, copenhagen
1821–1864
The new Royal Natural History Museum
1821–1829 *Wad, Gregers. Inspector.
1821–1839 Wøldike, P. Museum conservator.
1821–1845 *Reinhardt, Joh. H. Inspector.
1829–1832 *Wad, Gregers. Management.
1829–1847 *Vargas de Bedemar, E. Management.
1829–1848 Thonning, P. Management of KM.
1829–1848 *Beck, H. (zoology). Inspector.
1829–1852 *Pingel, C. (mineralogy). Assist.
1838–1843 Møsting, J. Sv. Management.
1839–1846 Place, J. Museum conservator.
1842–1848 *Krøyer, Henrik. Inspector (4th inspectorate, which included Mollusca).
1846–1864 Scheel, C. F. Museum conservator.
1848 King *Christian CVIII died. His private
collections transferred to KM.
1848–1864 *Reinhardt, Joh. T. Inspector.
1848–1864 *Forchhammer, J. G. Management.
1848–1864 *Steenstrup, Japetus. Management.
1852–1859 *Olufsen, L. H. Inspector.
1833–1847
The Danish Society of Natural History
During the short history of the Museum “Naturhistorisk Forenings Museum” it was located at Ny
Kongensgade 1, Wedells Palæ. (1833–1835 ) and
Kongens Nytorv, Thotts Palæ (1835–1847)
1833–1840 *Eschricht, D. F. Director.
1835–1836 *Krøyer, Henrik. Director.
1836–1839 *Westermann, B. W. Director.
1840–1841 *Krøyer, Henrik. Director.
1841–1842 *Steenstrup, Japetus. Director.
1842–1847 *Krøyer, Henrik. Director.
1847 The Museum closed and collections were
sold at a public sale.
1841–1864
Museum for physiology and comparative anatomy
1841 “Det zootomisk-physiologiske Mus.”
1841–1864 *Eschricht, D. F. Prof. & Manager.
1864 Eschricht died. The museum closed.
1862–1962
Zoological Museum of the University.
1862–1870 The museum, in Danish called
“Uni­versitetets Zoologiske Museum i Krystalgade” was established by law, which was
9
adopted in 1862. Construction began in 1864.
Moving in started in 1867. Official inauguration in 1870.
1864 2nd department established, which included
Mollusca.
1864–1869 *Krøyer, Henrik. Dr. Manager.
1864–1878 *Mørch, O. A. L. Dr. Assistant.
1864–1882 *Lütken, Chr. Dr. Inspector.
1864–1885 *Steenstrup, Japetus. Prof. Manag.
1864–1885 *Conradsen, R. Mus. conservator.
1882–1885 *Boas, J. E. V. Dr. inspector.
1885–1914 *Levinsen, G. M. R. Cand. mag.
1889–1891 Gundel, E. V. Museum conservator.
1889–1896 *Posselt, H. J. Cand mag. Assist.
1891–1914 *Fagerstrøm. Museum conservator.
1892–1914 *Jensen, Ad. S. Cand. mag. Assist.
1904–1910 *Lundbech, W. Mag. scient. Assist.
1908–1917 *Mortensen, Th. Dr. Assistant.
1910–1934 *Ditlevsen, Hj. Mag. scient. Assist.
1915–1917 *Jensen, Ad. S. Cand. mag. Manag.
1914–1931 Olesen, Anker. Mus. conservator.
1915–1933 *Kramp, P. L. Dr. Assistant.
1917–1933 *Mortensen, Th. Dr. Manager.
1918–1920 Bovien, P. L. Mag. scient. Assist.
1918–1937 *Spärck, R. Dr. Assistant.
1921–1932 Lieberkind, I. Mag. scient. Assist.
1923–1964 Wesenberg-Lund, Elise. Mag. sci.
1931–1933 Heding, S. G. Mus. conservator.
1933–1938 Fasmer, H. Museum conservator.
1933–1962 *Kramp, P. L. Dr. Manager.
1933 Heding, S. G. Assistant.
1934 *Thorson, G. Dr. became Assistant.
1938 *Bruun, A. F. Dr. became Assistant.
1938 Christensen, P. became Mus. conservator.
1941–1962 *Knudsen, Jørgen. Dr. phil. Cur.
1961–1962 *Petersen, Godtfred Høpner.
1864–1961
Study collection of the University (“Studiesamlingen”) at Nørregade 10.
1864–1885 *Steenstrup, Japetus. Prof. Manag.
1864–1885 *Conradsen, R. Mus. conservator.
1866–1874 *Winther, Georg. Dr. Assistant.
1874–1899 *Jungersen, H. F. E. Dr. Assistant.
1878–1882 *Trausted, M. Cand. mag. Assist.
1882–1886 *Petersen, C. G. Joh. Cand. mag.
1885–1899 *Lütken, Chr. Manager, professor.
1885–1921 Hamburger, V. C. Museum conserv.
1886–1896 *Posselt, H. J. Cand. mag. Assist.
10
j. hylleberg
1892–1910 *Jensen, Ad. S. Cand. mag. Assist.
1899–1904 Lundbeck, W. Cand. mag. Assist.
1899–1917 *Jungersen, H. F. E. Prof. Manager.
1903–1914 *Mortensen, Th. Dr. Assistant.
1914–1937 *Ditlevsen, Hj. Mag. scient. Assist.
1916–1917 Ellinger, Tage. Mag. scient. Assist.
1917–1923 *Steenberg, C. M. Mag. scient. Assist.
1917–1936 *Jensen, Ad. S. Prof. Manager.
1921 Nielsen, K. became Museum conservator.
1923–1937 Lieberkind, I. Dr. Assistant.
1936–1937 *Steenberg, C. M. Prof. Manager.
1937–1960 *Spärck, R. Prof. Manager.
1937–1960 Volsøe, H. Dr. Assistant.
1963–present
A second museum law passed Parliament in 1960
for the construction of the present Zoological
Museum of the University of Copenhagen, abbreviated ZMUC (Zoologisk Museum, Københavns Universitet). The research section of the
museum opened 1963. The exhibition was officially inaugurated in 1970. The new address is
Universitetsparken 15 (The University Park).
1960–1966 *Spärck, R. Dr. phil. Prof. Manager.
1960–1968 Volsøe, H. Dr. phil. Director.
1963–2000 *Petersen, Godtfred Høpner. Dr.
1963–1974 *Lemche, Henning. Dr. phil. Cur.
1963–1988 *Knudsen, Jørgen. Dr. phil. Cur.
1963 *Wolff, Torben. Dr. phil. Curator.
1969–1988 *Rasmussen, Erik. Dr. phil. Cur.
ass.
1964 *Vedelsby, A. Curator ass.
1977 *Schiødte, Tom. Curator ass.
1983 *Nielsen, Claus. Dr. phil.
1968–1996 *Muus, Bent. Dr. phil. Professor.
1961
1960–1961 The second museum law passed in
1960 included the Study Collection (Studiesamlingen) of the University. In 1961 the
Study Collection moved to a wing of ZM at
Universitetsparken.
1961–1966 *Spärck, Ragnar. Dr. phil. Prof.
1967 Christensen, Bent. Dr. phil. Professor.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I wish to thank the staff at the Zoological Museum
for friendship and much help over the years. I am
grateful to Dr Danny Eibye-Jacobsen for good
working facilities. I am particularly indebted to
former curator of molluscs Dr G. Høpner Petersen for discussions and loan of photographs
and literature. Former curator of molluscs Dr
Jørgen Knudsen helped with literature and good
discussions. I am also grateful to the present
curator of molluscs Dr Ole Tendal for encouragement. I received help throughout from the
assistant curators Mr Tom Schiøtte and Ms Annie
Vedelsby who helped to locate the specimens.
Annie Vedelsby has been a great help regarding
interpretation of the old labels and identification
of the authors of labels. I have benefitted from
discussions with Dr Kathe R. Jensen and Dr
Claus Nielsen. Dr Torben Wolff has provided me
with reprints of his many papers on the history of
the University of Copenhagen and the zoological
collections in Copenhagen. Finally my sincere
thanks are due to my wife Karen for accepting the
many hours spent with old shells instead of her.
I am grateful to the Biological Institute, Dept. of
Marine Ecology of the University of Aarhus for
general support over the years before my retirement from the University in 2005. In Aarhus, I
have benefited much from discussions with Dr
Tomas Cedhagen.
DEDICATION
I dedicate the present work to my colleagues
and good friends Jørgen Knudsen at ZMUC,
Copenhagen, and Jacques Vidal at MNHN, Paris.
We will remember their fine contributions to the
Tropical Marine Mollusc Programme (TMMP)
in Southeast Asia. They worked tirelessly in
the field and the laboratory, sharing their great
knowledge and experience with everybody.
Sadly, Jacques Vidal passed away in September
of 2006.
cardiidae in the zoological museum, copenhagen
11
HIGHER CLASSIFICATION,
SUBFAMILIES
Less than a century ago nearly all cardiids were
placed in the genus Cardium Linnaeus, 1758.
However, subgenera were often used to indicate
relationships of species within the genus but
many malacologists found this system less attractive. As a result, the subgenera were upgraded to
genera (Hylleberg 1994). The Russian researchers Kafanov & Popov (1977) and Popov (1977)
classified the proliferating number of genera into
subfamilies. Their classifications were based on
structure and arrangement of lamella forming the
shell. The American paleontologist Myra Keen
(1980) presented a somewhat alternative classification of subfamilies based on external shell
characters. Keen’s system was taken further by
Schneider (1992, 1997, 1998) who used cladistics to group the genera. It should be noted that all
four authors have a background in paleontology,
i.e. they used shell characters for their classification. In contrast the French malacologist Jacques
Vidal (2001) analysed the genera based on soft
bodies of extant species. He used the classical
observations of number of siphonal openings and
presence of eyes on tentacles (Pelseneer, 1911)
combined with the arrangement of tentacles on
the siphons. Based on these characters, he placed
the cardiid genera in 3 groups instead of subfamilies (Table 1).
Luckily the two approaches of shell characters
and soft bodies are in agreement in most cases but
noteworthy disagreements are found. Schneider
(op. cit) placed the genus Fulvia in the subfamily Laevicardiinae (with smooth shells) and he
placed the genus Vepricardium in the subfamily Cardiinae (with distinct ribs). Vidal (op. cit)
found that these two genera should be closely
related based on siphons with eyes and placed
them in same group (Table 1). Obviously more
work has to be carried out with respect to higher
classification of cardiids.
Based on the anatomical structure of siphons
two major types can be identified within the
family Cardiidae. In one type the edges of the
two siphons are bridged, creating a mantle with
3 apertures: one for the exhalant siphon, one for
the inhalant siphon, and one larger opening for
extension of the foot. In the other type the exhalant siphon is a tube but the inhalant siphon has
overlapping left and right edges kept together in
the live animal but detached in the dead animal
thereby creating a mantle with 2 apertures: one
for the exhalant siphon, and a larger opening for
the inhalant siphon and the foot. In the live animal, the siphon edges stick together in a zipperlike fashion i.e. they function as a tube.
The ZMUC collection contains 26 genera of
the type with 3 openings, and 12 genera of the
type with two openings. Genera with 3 openings are: Acanthocardia, Acrosterigma, Afrocardium, Bucardium, Cardium, Cerastoderma,
Ciliatocardium, Clinocardium, Dallocardia,
Dinocardium, Europicardium, Frigidocardium,
Fulvia, Laevicardium, Laevifulvia, Lophocardium, Lyrocardium, Microcardium, Nemocardium, Phlogocardium, Plagiocardium, Pratulum, Serripes, Trachycardium, Vasticardium,
and Vepricardium. Genera with 2 openings
are: Americardia, Cerastobyssum, Corculum,
Ctenocardia, Fragum, Hemicardium, Lunulicardia, Microfragum, Papillicardium, Papyridea,
Parvicardium, and Trigoniocardia. However, in
the present catalogue I have listed all genera and
species within the genera in alphabetical order as
shown in the Table of Contents.
j. hylleberg
12
Table 1. Family Cardiidae. Genera and subgenera (within brackets) placed in subfamilies by Kafanov & Popov
(1978), Popov (1977), Keen (1980), and Schneider (1992, 1995, 1997, 1998a,b). Subfamilies of these authors are
based on shell morphology and shell structure. In comparison, Vidal (2001) did not apply subfamilies but divided
26 genera into 3 groups based on number of siphons, arrangement of tentacles, and presence of eyes on tentacles.
(Bar = not placed in the subfamily by the author). The subfamilies are CARDIINAE, TRACHYCARDIINAE,
PROTOCARDIINAE, LAEVICARDIINAE, FRAGINAE, CLINOCARDIINAE, HEMIDONACINAE, and
LYMNOCARDIINAE. I also include genera without subfamiliar assignment by Schneider (1998b).
Kafanov & Popov
Cardium
Bucardium
Vepricardium
Vasticardium
Dinocardium
Trachycardium
Acrosterigma
Fulvia
Europicardium
–
–
–
–
Phlogocardia
Laevicardium
Papyridea
Mexicardia
Dallocardia
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Popov
Keen
Schneider
Subfamily CARDIINAE Lamarck, 1809
Cardium
Cardium
Cardium
Bucardium
Bucardium
Bucardium
(Vepricardium)
Vepricardium
Vepricardium
–
(Vasticardium)
Vasticardium
–
Dinocardium
Dinocardium
–
Trachycardium
Trachycardium
–
Acrosterigma
Acrosterigma
–
–
Fulvia
–
(Europicardium) Europicardium
–
Acanthocardia
Acanthocardia
–
Rudicardium
Rudicardium
–
Orthocardium
Orthocardium
–
–
Serripes
–
–
Phlogocardia
–
–
Laevicardium
–
–
Papyridea
–
–
Mexicardia
–
–
(Dallocardia)
–
–
(Nemocardium)
–
–
Clinocardium
–
–
(Habecardium)
–
–
Pratulum
–
–
Discors
–
–
Lophocardium
–
–
Parvicardium
–
–
Papillicardium
–
–
Maoricardium
–
–
Plagiocardium
–
–
Loxocardium
–
–
–
Subfamily TRACHYCARDIINAE Stewart, 1930
–
Trachycardium
–
Vasticardium
–
Acrosterigma
–
Phlogocardia
–
–
–
–
Vidal
GROUP 1
Cardium
Bucardium
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Acanthocardia
–
–
Serripes
–
–
–
–
–
–
Clinocardium
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Cerastoderma
GROUP 2
Trachycardium
Vasticardium
Acrosterigma
–
cardiidae in the zoological museum, copenhagen
13
Table 1, cont.
Kafanov & Popov
Popov
Keen
Schneider
Vidal
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Mexicardia
Dallocardia
Papyridea
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Vepricardium
Goethemia
Plagiocardium
Afrocardium
Subfamily PROTOCARDIINAE Keen, 1951
–
Nemocardium
Nemocardium
Nemocardium
–
Protocardia
Protocardia
Protocardia
–
Pratulum
Pratulum
Pratulum
–
Lophocardium
Lophocardium
Lophocardium
–
–
Discors
Discors
–
–
Lyrocardium
Lyrocardium
–
–
Keenaea
Keenaea
–
–
Microcardium
Microcardium
–
–
Frigidocardium
Frigidocardium
–
–
Habecardium
Habecardium
Nemocardium
–
–
–
–
Lyrocardium
–
–
Frigidocardium
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Subfamily LAEVICARDIINAE Keen, 1936
–
Laevicardium
Laevicardium
–
Fulvia
Fulvia
–
–
Discors
–
–
Nemocardium
–
–
Habecardium
–
–
Lophocardium
–
–
Lyrocardium
–
–
Pratulum
–
–
Keenaea
–
–
Microcardium
–
–
Frigidocardium
–
–
Dinocardium
–
–
Cerastoderma
–
–
Clinocardium
–
–
Ciliatocardium
–
–
Keenocardium
–
–
Serripes
Laevicardium
Fulvia
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Fragum
Ctenocardia
Subfamily FRAGININAE Stewart, 1930
Fragum
Fragum
Fragum
Ctenocardia
Ctenocardia
(Ctenocardia)
GROUP 3
Fragum
Ctenocardia
j. hylleberg
14
Table 1, cont.
Kafanov & Popov
Popov
Keen
Schneider
Vidal
Trigoniocardia
Corculum
Lunulicardia
Parvicardium
Americardia
Acanthocardia
Plagiocardium
Maoricardium
Papillicardium
–
–
–
–
Rudicardium
Loxocardium
Afrocardium
Orthocardium
Microfragum
–
Trigoniocardia
Corculum
(Lunulicardia)
Parvicardium
(Americardia)
Acanthocardia
Plagiocardium
Maoricardium
–
–
–
–
–
–
Loxocardium
–
Orthocardium
–
–
Trigoniocardia
Corculum
Lunulicardia
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Microfragum
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Afrocardium
Trigoniocardia
Corculum
Lunulicardia
Parvicardium
(Americardia)
–
Plagiocardium
–
Papillicardium
(Cerastobyssum)
(Microfragum)
–
–
–
Loxocardium
–
Orthocardium
–
–
Trigoniocardia
Corculum
Lunulicardia
Parvicardium
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Hemicardium
Papyridea
–
–
–
–
–
–
Subfamily CLINOCARDIINAE Kafanov 1975
–
–
Clinocardium
Clinocardium
–
–
Keenocardium
Keenocardium
–
–
Ciliatocardium
Ciliatocardium
–
–
Serripes
Serripes
–
–
Yagudinella
Yagudinella
–
–
–
–
–
Subfamily HEMIDONACINAE Iredale & McMichael, 1962
–
–
–
Hemidonax
–
Subfamily LYMNOCARDIINAE Stoliczka, 1871
Cerastoderma
Cerastoderma
Cerastoderma
Without subfamilial assignment by Schneider (1998b)
Plagiocardium
Maoricardium
Geothemia
cardiidae in the zoological museum, copenhagen
15
Checklist of extant species of
Cardiidae
Genera and species in alphabetical order. Asterisks mark taxa present at the ZMUC. Bold-faced
species are types of specified genera.
Acanthocardia Gray, 1851
A. aculeata (Linné, 1758) *
A. deshayesi (Payraudeau, 1826) *
A. echinata (Linné, 1758) *
A. erinacea (Lamarck, 1819) *
A. milaschewitchi Kafanov, 1980 *
A. mucronata (Poli, 1791)*
A. paucicostata (Sowerby, 1834) *
A. tuberculata (Linné, 1758) *
Acrosterigma Dall, 1900
A. amirante Vidal 1999
A. attenuatum (Sowerby, 1840) *
A. beauforti (Prashad, 1932) *
A. biradiatum (Bruguière, 1789) *
A. burchardi (Dunker, 1877) *
A. capricorne Vidal & Kirkendale, 2007
A. cygnorum (Deshayes, 1855)
A. dalli (Heilprin, 1887). Fossil.
A. dampierense Wilson & Stevenson, 1977
A. dianthinum (Melvill & Standen, 1899)
A. discus Vidal, 1999*
A. foveolatum (Sowerby, 1840)
A. fucatum (Spengler, 1799) *
A. hobbsae Vidal, 1999
A. hornelli (Tomlin, 1928)
A. impolitum (Sowerby, 1834) *
A. maculosum (Wood, 1815) *
A. marielae (Wilson & Stevenson, 1977)
A. mauritianum (Deshayes, 1855)
A. nebulosum (Reeve, 1845)
A. oxygonum (Sowerby, 1834) *
A. pristipleurum (Dall, 1901)
A. profundum Vidal, 1999
A. rosemariense Wilson & Stevenson, 1977
A. simplex (Spengler, 1799) *
A. suduirauti Vidal & ter Poorten, 2007
A. suluanum Vidal, 1999*
A. transcendens (Melvill & Standen, 1899) *
A. unicolor (Sowerby, 1834) *
A. variegatum (Sowerby, 1840) *
A. vlamingi (Wilson & Stevenson, 1977)
Afrocardium Tomlin, 1931
A. carditaeforme (Reeve, 1845) *
A. crenelloides Melvill, 1909
A. ebaranum (Yokohama, 1927)
A. exochum (Melvill in M. & Standen, 1906) *
A. infantile (Nomura & Zimbo, 1934)
A. levisculatum (Smith, 1903)
A. richardi (Audouin, 1827) *
A. shepstonense (Tomlin, 1931)
A. skeeti (Hedley, 1906)
Americardia Stewart, 1930
A. biangulata (Broderip & Sowerby, 1829) *
A. guanacastensis (Hertlein & Strong, 1947) *
A. media (Linné, 1758) *
A. nodulosa (Spengler, 1799) *
A. speciosa (Adams & Reeve, 1850) *
Bucardium Gray, 1853
B. ringens (Bruguière, 1789) *
Cardium Linnaeus, 1758
C. costatum Linné, 1758*
C. hians Brocchi, 1814. *
C. indicum Lamarck, 1819*
Cerastobyssum Petersen & Russell, 1973
C. hauniense (Petersen & Russel, 1971) *
Cerastoderma Poli, 1791
C. edule (Linné, 1758) *
C. eichwaldi (Reeve, 1845)
C. glaucum (Bruguière, 1789) *
C. isthmicum (Issel, 1869)
C. mareoticum (Pallary, 1912)
C. pulchrum Hinds, to be revised
Ciliatocardium Kafanov, 1974
C. ciliatum (Fabricius, 1780) *
Clinocardium Keen, 1936
C. blandum (Gould, 1850)
C. buelowi (Rolle, 1896)
C. californiense (Deshayes, 1839)*
16
j. hylleberg
C. nuttallii (Conrad, 1837) *
C. pseudofossile (Reeve 1844) *
Corculum Röding in Bolten, 1798
C. aequale (Deshayes, 1854)
C. cardissa (Linné, 1758) *
C. dionaeum (Broderip & Sowerby, 1829) *
C. inexpectatum Crozier, 1966
C. junoniae (Lamarck, 1819) *
C. monstrosum (Gmelin 1791) *
C. productum (Deshayes, 1855)
F. scruposum (Deshayes, 1855) *
F. simillimum (Smith, 1896)
F. unedo (Linnaeus, 1758) *
F. whitleyi Iredale, 1929 *
Frigidocardium Habe, 1951
F. centumliratum (Melvill, 1906) *
F. eos Kuroda, 1929 *
F. exasperatum (Sowerby, 1838) *
F. kiranum Sakurai & Habe, 1966
F. torresi (Smith, 1885) *
Ctenocardia H. & A. Adams, 1857
Fulvia Gray, 1853
C. adamsii (Adams & Reeve, 1850) *
C. fijianum Vidal & Kirkendale, 2007
C. fornicata (Sowerby, 1840) *
C. gustavi Vidal & Kirkendale, 2007
C. kinai Habe & Murakami, 1970
C. perornata (Iredale, 1929) *
C. robillardi (Sowerby, 1894)
C. subfestivum Vidal & Kirkendale, 2007
C. symbolica (Iredale, 1929) *
C. victor (Angas, 1872) *
F. aperta (Bruguière, 1789) *
F. australis (Sowerby, 1834) *
F. ballieni, Vidal, 1994
F. boholensis Vidal, 1994
F. colorata Vidal & Kirkendale, 2007
F. congoensis Cosel, 1995 *
F. dulcis (Deshayes, 1863)
F. fagea Voskuil & Onverwagt, 1992 *
F. fragiformis Vidal, 1994
F. fragilis (Forskål in Niebuhr, 1775) *
F. hungerfordi (Sowerby, 1901) *
F. imperfecta Vidal & Kirkendale, 2007
F. laevigata (Linné, 1758) *
F. lineonotata Vidal, 1994
F. mutica (Reeve, 1844) *
F. natalensis (Krauss, 1848) *
F. prashadi Vidal, 1994
F. scalata Vidal, 1994 *
F. striata (Spengler, 1799) *
F. subquadrata Vidal & Kirkendale, 2007
F. tenuicostata (Lamarck, 1819) *
F. undatopicta (Pilsbry, 1904) *
F. varia (Sowerby, 1834)
F. vepris Vidal & Kirkendale, 2007
Dallocardia Stewart, 1930
D. muricata (Linné, 1758) *
D. quadragenaria (Conrad, 1837) *
D. senticosa (Sowerby, 1833) *
Dinocardium Dall, 1900
D. robustum (Lightfoot in Solander, 1786) *
D. vanhyningi (Clench & L.C. Smith, 1944) *
Europicardium Popov, 1977
E. caparti (Nicklès, 1955) *
E. multicostatum (Brocchi, 1814). Fossil.
E. serrulatum (Deshayes, 1855) *
Fragum Röding in Bolten, 1798
F. arcuatulum (Sowerby, 1873)
F. bannoi (Otuka, 1937)
F. carinatum (Lynge, 1909) *
F. erugatum (Tate, 1889) *
F. fragum (Linné, 1758) *
F. loochooanum Kira, 1962
F. mundum (Reeve, 1845) *
F. nivale (Reeve, 1845) *
F. roseolum (Melvill, 1909)
Goethemia Lambiotte, 1979
G. elegantula (Möller, 1842 ex Beck MS) *
Hemicardium Swainson, 1840
H. guichardi (Bernardi, 1857) *
H. hemicardium (Linnaeus, 1758) *
Type: see under Fragum unedo.
Keenaea Habe, 1951
K. samarangae (Makiyama, 1934) *
cardiidae in the zoological museum, copenhagen
Laevicardium Swainson, 1840
L. brasilianum (Lamarck, 1819) *
L. castanea Vidal, 2005
L. clarionense (Hertlein & Strong, 1947) *
L. crassum (Gmelin, 1791) *
L. elatum (Sowerby, 1833) *
L. elenense (Sowerby, 1840) *
L. fiski Richards, 1954*
L. gibba (Jeffreys, 1863)
L. laevigatum Lamarck
L. lobulatum (Deshayes, 1855) *
L. mortoni (Conrad, 1831) *
L. multipunctatum (Sowerby in B.&S.,1833) *
L. norvegicum (Spengler, 1799) *
L. oblongum (Gmelin, 1791) *
L. oviputamen (Reeve, 1844)
L. pictum (Ravenel, 1861)
L. pristis (Valenciennes, 1827) *
L. senegalense (Dautzenberg, 1891) *
L. serratum (Linné, 1758) *
L. substriatum (Conrad, 1837) *
L. sybariticum (Dall, 1886) *
L. tertium Fischer-Piette, 1977
L. trinitatis (Tomlin, 1929)
Lophocardium Fischer, 1887
L. annettae (Dall, 1889) *
L. cumingii (Broderip, 1833) *
Lunulicardia Gray, 1853
L. auricula (Niebuhr in Forskål, 1775) *
L. retusa (Linné, 1758) *
L. subretusa (Sowerby, 1834) *
L. tumoriferum (Lamarck, 1819)
Lyrocardium Meek, 1876
L. anaxium Oliver & Chesney, 1997 *
L. aurantiacum (Adams & Reeve, 1850)
L. kalamantanum (Adams & Reeve, 1850) *
L. lyratum (Sowerby, 1834) *
L. pectinatum (Linné, 1758) *
Microcardium Thiele, 1934
M. aequiliratum Poutiers, 1981
M. gilchristi (Sowerby, 1904)
M. panamense (Dall, 1908)
M. pazianum (Dall, 1917) *
M. peramabile (Dall, 1881) *
17
M. pulchellum (Gray in Dieffenbach, 1843) *
M. sakuraii (Habe, 1961)
M. tenuilamellosum Poutiers, 1981
M. thaanumi (Pilsbry, 1920) *
M. tinctum (Dall, 1881) *
M. transversum (Rehder & Abbott, 1951) *
Microfragum Habe, 1951
M. festivum (Deshayes, 1855) *
Nemocardium Meek, 1876
N. bechei (Reeve, 1847) *
N. centifilosum (Carpenter, 1864) *
N. nomurai (Kuroda & Habe, 1951)
N. richardsoni (Whiteaves, 1878) *
Trifaricardium Kuroda & Habe, 1951
?valid genus; moved to Nemocardium.
Papillicardium Monterosato in Sacco, 1899
P. omanense (Melvill, 1906)
P. papillosum (Poli, 1791) *
P. turtoni (Sowerby, 1894)
Papyridea Swainson, 1840
P. aspersa (Sowerby in B. & S., 1833) *
P. crockeri (Strong & Hertlein, 1937)
P. hiulcum (Reeve, 1845)
P. semisulcata (Gray, 1825) *
P. soleniforme (Bruguière, 1789) *
Parvicardium Monterosato, 1884
P. commutatum (B. D. D, 1892)
P. exiguum (Gmelin, 1791)*
P. hudsoniense (Deshayes, 1855)
P. minimum (Philippi, 1836)*
P. nodosum (Montagu, 1803) *
P. ovale (Sowerby, 1840) *
P. pinnulatum (Conrad, 1831) *
P. quadrarium (Reeve 1845)
P. scabrum (Philippi, 1844)*
P. simile Milaschewitsch, 1909*
P. stellatum (Reeve, 1845)*
P. sueziense (Issel, 1869) *
P. transclathratum Viader, 1951
P. vroomi (Aartsen, Menkhorst, & Gittenberger,
1984)
18
j. hylleberg
Phlogocardia Stewart, 1930
P. belcheri (Broderip & Sowerby, 1829) *
Plagiocardium Cossmann, 1886
P. fraseri (Garrard, 1963)
P. granulosum (Lamarck, 1805). Fossil.
P. latum (Bruguière, 1789)
P. mansitii (Otuka, 1937)
P. pseudolatum (Voskuil & Onverw., 1991) *
P. pseudolima (Lamarck, 1819) *
P. setosum (Redfield, 1848) *
Pratulum Iredale, 1924
P. probatum (Iredale, 1927)
P. thetidis (Hedley, 1902) *
Pseudofulvia Vidal & Kirkendale, 2007
P. arago Vidal & Kirkendale, 2007
P. caledonica Vidal & Kirkendale, 2007
Serripes Gould, 1841
S. groenlandicus (Bruguière, 1789) *
S. notabilis (Sowerby, 1915). Type of Yagudi­
nella
S. laperousii (Deshayes, 1839)
Trachycardium Mörch, 1853
T. consors (Sowerby, 1833) *
T. delicatulum (Smith, 1915)
T. egmontianum (Shuttleworth, 1856) *
T. isocardia (Linné, 1758) *
T. leucostomum (Born, 1780) *
T. manueli Prado, 1993
T. panamense(Sowerby, 1833) *
T. procerum (Sowerby, 1833) *
T. subelongatum (Sowerby 1840) *
Trigoniocardia Dall, 1900
T. granifera (Broderip & Sowerby, 1829) *
T. guppyi (Thiele, 1916)
T. obovalis (Sowerby, 1833) *
Vasticardium Iredale, 1927
V. alternatum Sowerby, 1840*
V. angulatum (Lamarck, 1819) *
V. assimile (Reeve, 1844) *
V. cipangense (Vidal, 1993)
V. compunctum Kira, 1959
V. coralense (Vidal, 1993)
V. dupuchense (Reeve, 1845) *
V. elongatum (Bruguière, 1789) *
V. enode (Sowerby, 1840) *
V. fidele (Vidal, 1992) *
V. flavum (Linné, 1758) *
V. gaillardi (Fischer-Piette, 1977)
V. gratiosum (Deshayes, 1854) *
V. hawaiensis (Dall, Bartsch & Rehder, 1938)
V. indioceanum (Vidal, 1993)
V. insulare Vidal, 1997
V. kengaluorum (Voskuil & Onverwagt, 1992)
V. kerslakae (Healy & Lamprell, 1992)
V. lacunosum (Reeve, 1845) *
V. luteomarginatum (Voskuil & Onver., 1991) *
V. lomboke Vidal, 2003
V. marerubrum (Voskuil & Onverw., 1991) *
V. mendanaense (Sowerby, 1896)
V. mindanense (Reeve, 1844)
V. nigropunctatum (Habe & Kosuge, 1966)
V. okinawense (Kuroda, 1960)
V. olivifer (Iredale, 1936)
V. orbita (Sowerby, 1833)
V. ornatum (Sowerby, 1877)
V. papuanum Vidal, 1996
V. pectiniforme (Born, 1780) *
V. peregrinum (Jousseaume, 1888) *
V. philippinense (Hedley, 1899) *
V. pulicarium (Reeve, 1845)
V. punctolineatum (Healy & Lamprell, 1992)
V. rhegminum (Oliver & Chesney, 1997)
V. rubicundum (Reeve, 1844) *
V. rugosum (Lamarck, 1819) *
V. serricostatum (Melvill & Standen, 1899)
V. sewelli (Prashad, 1932)
V. sorenseni (Powell, 1958)
V. subassimile Vidal, 2003 *
V. subrugosum (Sowerby, 1838) *
V. thomassini Vidal, 1998 *
V. translatum (Prashad, 1932) *
V. tumidum (Deshayes, 1855)
V. vertebratum (Jonas, 1844) *
V. wilsoni (Voskuil & Onverwagt, 1991)
Vepricardium Iredale, 1929
V. albohamatum Hylleberg & Vidal, 2000
V. asiaticum (Bruguière, 1789) *
V. burnupi(Sowerby, 1897) *
cardiidae in the zoological museum, copenhagen
V. coronatum (Spengler, 1799) *
V. incarnatum (Reeve, 1844) *
V. mirabile (Deshayes, 1854)
V. multispinosum (Sowerby, 1838) *
V. pulchricostatum (Iredale, 1929)
V. rubrohamatum Voskuil & Onverwagt, 1988
V. rudentis (Fischer-Piette, 1977)
V. sinense (Sowerby, 1838) *
V. vidali Ter Poorten & Dekker, 2002
Fig. 2. The chevron signifies the old currency called Mark.
DICTIONARY
History of museum collections, catalogues, expeditions, identifiers, collectors, & abbreviations
used in connection with catalogues, labels, and
specimens:
I have extracted pieces of information on expeditions, persons, events and buildings from many
sources. In particular the history of buildings in
Copenhagen (Bramsen, B & P. Fogtdal (eds).
1987-1991), life histories of Danish and Norwegian persons (Bricka, C.F. 1887-1905), activities
by the kings CVIII and CX (Jørgensen, Harald.
1944. — Nørlund, N.E. 1937), orbituaries (Dansk
naturhistorisk Forening. Årsskrift 1988-2007. —
Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening. 1917-1988.), the history of Copenhagen University and the museums (Spärck,
R. 1945. Wolff, T. 1999), expeditions and vessels
(Wolff, T. 1967) Wollf’s publications are in English. The other sources are in Danish.
19
Layout of the dictionary follows Webster’s
Comprehensive Dictionary of the English Language 2003 and Collins shorter English Dictionary 1994. The Danish letters å, æ, and ø, are listed
under a and o in this dictionary.
8vi Abbr. of octavi referring to CVIII.
a Meaning price per specimen. “a” is followed by
a figure and a symbol of the old Danish and
German currency called Mark. Seen on labels of the Steenberg collection and in Beck’s
catalogue listing shells purchased by Prince
Christian from a shell dealer in Hamburg in
1837. (Fig. 2).
A. C. J. Abbr. of the Danish zoologist A.C.Johan­
sen on labels.
A. G. T. Abbr. of the Belgian zoologist A. G.
Tirle­mont.
A. I. Abbr. not identified.
A. W. H. Abbr. of A.W.Hauch.
Aalborg Skole Public school in Denmark. ZM
Book of Dispatch #193 Cardium muricatum,
#193 Cardium medium.
Aarhus Museum The Museum of Natural History is operated as a private foundation in
association with Århus University. See under
Collin’s collection.
Aarhus Universitet (University of Århus) was
founded by Royal Decree in 1928. It was inaugurated by King Christian X in 1933 after
the first building was completed.
Aarhuus Latinskole Grammar school in Århus,
Denmark. Mörch provided cardiids for educational purposes. They were extracted from
Møller’s duplicates or equivalents. Møller was
regimental surgeon in Helsingør and his collection was donated to ZM after he deceased.
ZM Book of Dispatch: #33 Cardium medium
L West Indies, 1. #34 Cardium muricatum L.
West Indies, 1. #35 Cardium rugosum Lam.
Red Sea, 1. #36 Cardium edule Denm. 2. #37
Cardium laevigatum Chem. West Indies, 2.
Abänderung German meaning variety.
Abbott, Tucker (1919–1995) American malacologist. Identified cardiids onboard the frigate ”Galathea” in 1951.
Abbr. = Shortened form of abbreviation.
Abildg. Abbr. of Abildgaard.
Abildgaard, Peter Christian (1740–1801). dr.
20
j. hylleberg
med. Active in the management of KM from
1796–1801; established the Natural History
Association (Naturhistorie-Selskabet) including a museum in Prinsens Palæ in 1789. He
was President and founding father of the first
Danish Veterinary and Agriculture College
(Veterinærskole) in 1773. He had a versatile
intellect and maintained a shell collection,
including Cardiidae, which was transferred to
ZMUC in 1960. See also under NaturhistorieSelskabet.
Aboe Mrs. Donated cardiids from South Africa,
Algoa Bay, the Cap 1858, through Pharmacist
Mr. Benzon. Cardiid number in Mörch’s accession book 1840–1867: #86. Cardium.
Academic Museum The first proper academic
museum of the University of Copenhagen
was called Universitets nye Natural Theater.
It maintained a collection for education
and exhibition. Apparently, the public could
visit the museum every Wednesday during
the period 1794–1800. This collection was
later transferred to Det grevelige Moltk’ske
Universitetet tilhørende zoologiske Museum
dubbed the Academic Museum. See under M.
acad. & Universitetsmuseum.
Accession books See under Beck 1830–1836;
Beck 1836a; Beck. 1842–43; Mörch 1846–53;
Mörch 1853–61; Mörch 1857–68; Mörch
1866–72; Mörch 1870–89; Posselt et al.
1889–1937. See also under Tilgangsjournal
or Tilvæxt–journal.
Adams, Charles Barker (1814–1853) American malacologist. Collected and identified
West Indian cardiids. Numbers in Mörch’s
accession book 1866–1872: #154 Liocardium
serratum L. W Indies, Cardium muricatum
L. W Indies. #155 Cardium isocardia L. Jamaica.
Adans. See under Adanson.
Adanson (1727–1806) French malacologist.
Published Histoire naturelle du Senegal. Co���
quillages in 1757.
Ads. S. Stands for Adanson’s publication from
1757, with reference to Senegal.
Afgangs-Journal Danish for dispatch book.
Afr. occid. Latin for West Africa. L < occidens:
the west; derived from the setting sun.
Agerbeck Ship captain. Collected cardiids in
China.
Agerbek See under Agerbeck.
Ålborg Modern spelling of Aalborg.
alpha First letter in the Greek alphabet.
Als Island in southern Denmark.
Amalienborg Slot Originally the Amalienborg
Castle was residence for the royal family during the winter season. It dates back to about
1750. Part of the King CVIII’s large shell
collection at the Amalienborg Castle was
transferred to the University Museum after he
died in 1848.
amb. Ref. to the Indonesian island Ambon.
amboena Ref. to the Indonesian island Ambon.
Amboinea The Indonesian island Ambon.
Amdrup Born 1866 First lieutenant (premierløjtnant) onboard the ship ”Antarctic” to eastern
Greenland, 1900, according to UZM entries in
a diary. Advanced to vice-admiral.
Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. Abbr. of the American
Museum of Natural History.
Amphioxus sand Well sorted, coarse sand characterised by the lancet fish Amphiouxus.
Amst. See under Amstelid.
amste. See under Amstelid.
Amstel See under Amstelid.
Amsteli See under Amstelid.
Amstelid Refers to Amsterdam in the Netherlands. Shells from Indonesia dated 1836
reached Copenhagen via Amsterdam.
an Latin <: close to; assumption; in need of
confirmation.
Andra Misspelling of Andréa on label by
Mörch.
Andréa Kaptajn = ship captain. Cardiid number
in Mörch’s accession book 1840–1867: #24
Cardium muricatum collected 1863. Bahia.
– Cardiid number in Mörch’s accession book
1840–1867: #9 Cardium papyraceum collected 1864, Mauritius. – Cardiid numbers
in Mörch’s accession book 1840–1867: #45
Cardium echinatum. #46. Cardium edule collected 24. April 1866. North Sea (Nordsøen)
55°40’N 4°30’E. The museum received a
shell collection 1866. Cardiid numbers in
Mörch’s accession book 1866–1872: #59.
Cardium crassum Gm. C. norvegicum Spgl.
51°30’N 2°10’E. #68 Cardium edule L.
Nordsøen 1867. – Shells submitted 1870.
Cardiid number in Mörch’s accession book
1866–1872: #125 Cardium Cheriba, 4.5 feet
cardiidae in the zoological museum, copenhagen
depth. – Shells submitted 1871. Cardiid number in Mörch’s accession book 1866–1872:
#67 Cardium medium L. var. – (Rota) Shells
submitted 2 April 1872. Donated to him by
the museum in Port Louis. Cardiid number
in Mörch’s accession book 1866–1872: #48
Cardium ”pulchrum Sow” Mauritius. 195.
Andrea See under Andréa.
Andreà See under Andréa.
Andrèa See under Andréa.
Andréa Ship captain, collected material for NF
c/o Japetus Steenstrup. Collected in Bahia
(?Salvador) 1863.
Andrew See under McAndrew.
Antil. Abbr. of the Antilles.
Antill Abbr. of the Antilles; the West Indies.
Antillerne Danish for the Antilles.
Anton Bruun Large American research vessel
named “Anton Bruun”. Named after the Danish marine scientist Anton Bruun. Operated in
the Indian Ocean around 1960.
ap. < L. Abbr. See under apud. Used on labels by
Beck and Mörch.
Appelløf In 1898, he worked at Bergen’s Museum, Norway, Dept. of Natural History, according to UZM entries in a diary.
apud < L. close to, confer.
Arabia felix Latin: Happy Arabia = Yemen.
Arct. Abbr. of the Arctic.
Århus Modern spelling of Aarhus.
Arøe Collected cardiids in the North Atlantic
1834.
Art Museum of King Frederik III See under
Kunstkammer.
Atlanterhav Danish for the Atlantic Ocean.
Atlantide Danish expedition to West Africa
1945–46. Dr. Anthon Bruun was appointed
leader of the expedition. Onboard the privately owned motor yacht “Atlantide” were
also Jørgen Knudsen and Torben Wolff. The
yacht was equipped for marine research with
necessary winches and sampling gear. In gratitude for help provided by the UK, a British
scientist, Dr. Francis C. Fraser, was invited to
participate. Everything was in shortage after
the war ended in 1945 and a permission to set
sails was needed from the British authorities.
auct. Abbr. of auctor, by authors.
Australian Museum Sydney, Australia. Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s accession book
21
Fig. 3. Label for Fragum unedo L. with Antonia (=Annie)
Vedelsby’s characteristic signature: Det. AV. 1992.
1853–1861: #104 Cardium, 1. #105 Cardium
unedo, 1 Ex. 4511. indi. 3.
av. Abbr. of ”avbildning” = figure. Abbr. used
by H.Beck.
AV. Abbr. of Antonia (formerly Annie) Vedelsby
(Fig. 3).
Azor Abbr. of the Azores.
B. D. D. Abbr. of Bucquoy, Dautzenberg, & Doll­
fus (1892), on labels.
Bä. Abbr. not verified. Collected cardiids in Sri
Lanka (Ceylon). It could be the Russian malacologist Carl Ernst von Baer (1792–1876).
Baastrup Collected cardiids in the Mediterranean; Corsica 1920.
Bach dr. Identified cardiids around 1840.
Backeljau, T. Collected cardiids in Poland
1970.
Badarson, Gudm.G. Spelling of Bardarson on
labels.
Bandahavet Danish for the Banda Sea.
Bandie Spelling of Bandiera on labels.
Bandiera Sign. Cav. Collected cardiids in the
Mediterranean, Italy 1866, according to labels. Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s accession
book 1840–1867: #127 Cardium oblongum.
serratum. Messina. #128 Cardium oblongum.
jun. lævigatum Messina. #129 Cardium glaucum ?Messina. #130 Cardium exiguum. biangulatum Messina. #131 Cardium rusticum.
edule Messina. #132 Cardium aculeatum
Messina.
Bang Senior manager of the telegraph. His shell
collection was auctioned 16 January 1849.
According to Mörch’s accession book 1846–
1853, the museum purchased one cephalopod,
but no cardiids.
22
j. hylleberg
Bang, Niels Hofman (1776–1855). Owner of an
entailed estate (Stamhusbesidder). See under
Hofman-Bang.
Bank Collected cardiids together with Ravn in
the Antilles, West Indies.
Banker, R. submitted cardiids from Scotland to
ZM 1977.
Bardarson, Gudmundur (1880–1933). Icelandic zoologist and teacher, collected cardiids in
Iceland 1900 and 1908.
Bardenfl. See under Bardenfleth.
Bardenfleth, W.L. Lieutenant. Collected cardiids in the West Indies before 1848. – Mörch’s
accession book 1870–1889: collected shells in
the South Sea 1875.
Bardfe. Abbr. of Bardenfleth.
Bardfl. Abbr. of Bardenfleth.
Båridsson, Diomedes Collected cardiids in
Iceland 1930.
Barker, C.J. Collected cardiids in the West
Pacific.
Barrett, Lucas (1837–1862) British malacologist at the Museum of Cambridge, St. Andrews
Hill, UK. received shells sent from ZM 1
October 1850. ZM Book of Dispatch #15
Cardium elegantulum Bk. 2. – #1 Cardium
grønlandicum Ch. 4.
Bay, E. Zoologist onboard “Hekla” during the
expedition 1891–92.
Bech Occasional spelling of H.Beck on labels.
Beck 1829–30 (T 274). Optælling af Conchilierne i Spenglers Samling efter Modtagelse
i Cataloget 1829–30. Spengler’s Collection.
Stock-taking of specimens after having received the collection. Cardium: 44 species
represented by 108 specimens.
Beck 1830–36 (T 275). Magazin Catalog for
Conchilierne 2. Deel (only shown on the
spine) Magazine Catalogue of Molluscs 2nd
part. Beck’s first entry 31 July 1830. His
last entry 12 April 1836. Each year signed
by J.H. Reinhardt and H. Beck: Cardium p.
161–171. The sequence of information is running number (#), species number (not shown
here), species, number of individuals, older
identification (numbers refer to Spengler),
condition (good, poor, etc. not shown here),
size (large, medium, small, not shown here).
#1 C. costatum, 1, C. costatum, the shells fit together. #2 C. costatum, 1, none, the shells now
fit together. #3–4 C. costatum, 2, C. costatum,
the same as above. #5 C. ringens, 3, C. ringens
n° 4. #6–7 C. asiaticum, 2, C. lamellatum n°
2. #8–10 Cardium–sp– an junior procedentis?,
3, C. coronatum n° 3. #11–12 C. apertum, 2,
C. hians n° 24. #13 C. bullatum, 1 and some
single valves, Solen bullatum. #14–15 C.
bullatum, 2, Sangviolaria bullata. #16–19 C.
papyraceum, 3, C. papyraceum n° 25. #20 C.
ciliare?, 1, C. ciliare n° 7. #21 C. echinatum?,
1, C. echinatum n° 8. #22–23 C. echinatum?,
1, C. echinatum n° 8. #24 C. aculeatum, 1, C.
aculeatum n° 5 var. A. #24 C. aculeatum var.
1, C. aculeatum B. #25 C. aculeatum var. 1,
C. aculeatum var. C. #26–27 C. tuberculatum,
2, C. tuberculatum n° 8. #28 C. isocardia,
1, C. isocardia n°-. #29 C. muricatum, 1, C.
muricatum var. from Pulo Condore [erroneous loc.]. #30 C. muricatum, fl. C. muricatum
var. from Pulo Condore [erroneous loc.]. #31
C. marmoreum, 1, C. leucostomum v. Born
n° 14. #32–33 C. marmoreum, 2, var. af. n°
14. #34 C. magnum, 1, C. magnum n° 13.
#35 C. rugosum?, 1, C. magnum B. #36–37
Cardium –sp– an flavum L?. 2, C. flavum n°
11. #38 C. sulcatum, 1, C. obsoletum n° 15.
#39–40 C. sulcatum, 2, C. obsoletum n° 15.
#41–42 Cardium –sp.– an serratum L non
Lin. 2, C. serratum n° 27. #43 C. lævigatum,
fl (6), C. lævigatum n° 29. #44 C. aeolicum
single valves C. pectinatum n° 18. #45 C.
Fig. 4. Five columns of Beck’s catalogue (T 275). The first
line reads: [translation within brackets] Løbe n° [running n°],
Art: [species], Cardium., Ind. [individuals], ældre Bgt.: [older
name]. The second line reads: 5. 2. C – ringens, 3 half shells,
C. – ringens n° 4.
cardiidae in the zoological museum, copenhagen
rusticum, fl. C. rusticum n° 20. #46 C. edule,
fl. C. edule. #47 C. groenlandicum, fl (5), C.
groenlandicum n° 31. #48 C. islandicum Ch,
4, C. islandicum n° 21. #49 C. norvegicum,
(3), Spengler n° 25. #50–52 C. norvegicum
var. 1, Spengler n° 25 var. B. #53 C. latum, 4,
C. latum n° 22. #54 C. donaceum Chm (one
spcm probably an exiguum), 3, C. donaceum
a–b–c. #55 Cardium. sp. 1, C. obliquum Sp.
n° 12. #56 Cardium sp. 1, none (12a). #57
Cardium sp. 1, C. fucatum n° 16. #58 Cardium sp. 1, C. simplex n° 17. #59 C. striatum
Spegl. 1, C. striatum n° 29. #60 Cardium sp
?, 1, C. politum. #61 Cardium sp aff. rustica,
1, species non Venus, from Russia. #62–63 C.
unedo, 2. C. unedo n° 40. #64–65 C. medium,
2, C. medium n° 38. #66 C. fragrum [sic], 1, C.
fragrum [sic] n° 39. #67–68 C. retusum, 2, C.
retusum var. alpha n° 35. #69–70 C. retusum,
2, C. retusum var. beta. #71 C. hemicardium,
2, C. hemicardium n° 34. #72–73 Cardium.
sp. an Fragrum [sic], 2, C. imbricatum n° 36.
#74 C. plicatum Sp?, 1, C. plicatum n° 33.
#75 C. cardissa, 1, C. cardissa n° 32 A. #76
C. cardissa var. 1, C. cardissa n° 32 B. #77
C. cardissa, 1, C. cardissa n° 32 b. #78 C.
cardissa (maybe C. junon.?), 1, C. cardissa n°
32 C. #79 C. cardissa var. 1, C. cardissa n° 32
D. #80 C. cardissa var. 1, C. cardissa n° 32 E.
#81 C. cardissa var. 1, C. cardissa n° 32 F. #82
C. cardissa, 1, no (G!). #83 C. cardissa, 1, no
(H!). #84 C. inversum, 1, Cardium nodulosum
n° 37 Next entry, called supplementum, refers
to Cuming 1834, who provided shells for the
Prince Christian Museum; shells selected for
the Royal Museum, and received 11. April
1834. – Dated September 1834 the museum
received shells from the Fugel collection (den
Fugelske Samling), among others 3 unspecified cardiid species. Beck made a distinction
between the main collection on display and
the magazine collection for research. —Dated
July and August 1835, molluscs were exchanged with Mr. Cuming, who submitted #40
Cardium dionæum. – 1836: list of shells from
the Fugel collection (den Fugelske Samling).
Received in September 1836: #34 Cardium
retusum, 2 good specimens #34* C. oblongum, 2 good specimens, 2 poor specimens, 2
good ones traded with Cuming #35 C. lima,
23
1 good specimen, 2 poor specimens. – Dated
1836, an overview of shells sent from Count
Vargas-Bedemar cf. tilvæxtprotokol (Accession book) 12 April 1836. #1 Cardium tuberculatum, confirmed by Mörch, = C. rusticum
L. #25 Cardium sp. an nova? small, young,
many, but only single valves. (Fig. 4).
Beck 1831 (T 276). Index Conchyliorum musei
Principis Augustissimi Christiani Frederici.
Scripsit H. Beck. Pridie Cal: 1831. On 7 May
1849 (the year after Beck was sacked) Beck
handed over the book to the Committee. Catalogue listing shells in the CVIII collection.
Subsequently Mörch provided the catalogue
with notes. #1 Cardium costatum. #2 C. indicum. #3 C. ringens. #4 C. asiaticum = C.
lamellatum Sp. Cat. n° 2. #5 C. coronatum
Spgl. Cat. n° 3. #6 C. apertum = Card. hians
Sp. Cat. 24. #7 C. papyraceum. #8 C. bullatum
= Solen bullatus L. – Spengl. C. #9 C. ciliare.
#10 C. ciliare O. Fabr. from Greenland. #11
Fig. 5. Front page of Beck’s catalogue 1831 describing the
private collection of Prince Christian Frederik (crowned
King Christian 8th in 1838). Beck handed over the catalogue
to the Royal Commission on 7 May 1849, i.e. one year after
he was sacked because of a drinking problem. I have slightly
compressed the front page.
24
j. hylleberg
C. norvegicum Sp. #12 C. echinatum. #13 C.
pseudolima. #14 C. aculeatum. #15 C. erinaceum. #16 C. tuberculatum. #17 not used by
Beck. #18 C. isocardia. #19 C. muricatum.
#20 C. angulatum. #21 C. marmoreum =
Cardium leucostomum v. Born. #22 C. elongatum. #23 C. ventricosum. #24 C. rugosum
= Cardium magnum var beta Sp. C. 13. #25
C. sulcatum = Card. obsoletum n° 15 Sp.
C. = C. oblongum Ch. #26 C. serratum = C.
lævigatum. #27 C. lævigatum L. Lm. Sp. = C.
serratum Ch. #28 C. biradiatum = C. serratum
L. Sp. = C. lævigatum Ch. #29 C. æolicum =
Cardium pectinatum Sp. 19. #30 C. rusticum.
#31 C. edule. #31.1 C. crenulatum Lm. #32
C. islandicum Ch. Sp. C. n° 21. #33 C. groenlandicum Lm. Sp. C. 31 = Mactra radiata
Donov. = Card. edentulum Montag. #34 C.
latum. #35 [sic] C. crenulatum. #34 sic C.
exiguum. #35 C. unedo. #36 C. medium. #37
C. fragum. #39 C. retusum. #40 C. hemicardium. #41 C. cardissa. #42 C. roseum Ch. = C.
junoniæ var. 2 Lm. = Ch. vi. f. 147–148. #43 C.
junoniæ Lm a Lm 1 = C. humanum Ch. – Ch vi.
f. 145–6. b = var. 3 Lm. Enc. Mf. 294 f. 2. #44
C. inversum Lm. a unicolor = C. monstrosum
Ch. – Ch. vi. f. 149–150. b maculata E.m. 295
f.1. (Fig. 5).
Beck 1836 (T 278). Journal ved Forretningerne
ved HKH Prins Christian Frederiks Museum
1836. �������������������������������������
[Transactions for that year were numbered starting 5 June 1836]. Accession catalogue: N° 5 a fine specimen of #3 Cardium
magnum purchased in Hamburg1836. See also
under Bevalet, Meyer, Petit, Ravn, Röding,
Turner, Voigt.
Beck 1839 (T. 278). Loose page attached with
T. 278: the shipment from Greenland 1839.
Without cat. number: Cardium islandicum, C.
groenlandicum.
Beck 1842–43 (T 296). Tilgangs-journal Bløddyr Straaledyr 1 Bind. Printed on spine only.
[Accession catalogue signed by Reinhardt &
Beck 6/2 43].
Beck, Henrick See under Beck, Henrik.
Beck, Henrik (1799–1863). dr. phil. was bestowed on him by the Göttingen University.
Full name: Henrich Henrichsen Beck. Personality according to Bricka: intelligent, well
informed, a sharp eye for shapes and their
Fig. 6. Characteristic label by Beck: e Neapel 1830. Card.
spinosum Sold. = C. erinaceum. Lm. n. 15.
significance in systematics, but lack of steadiness. Years of important events in the life of
Beck: 1823 He won the Golden Medal of the
University. From 1831–1845 assistant with
the zoological department of the university
museum (the ZM of the University donated by
Moltke). See under Det grevelige Moltke’ske
Universitetet tilhørende Zoologisk Museum.
He was dismissed in 1845. From 1829 junior
inspector (assistant) with Det kgl. nath. Museum (KM), became inspector in 1842 He
was dismissed from KM in October 1849. In
charge of the personal shell collection of King
Christian 8. He was dismissed from this position in 1848. See under CVIII. – He was active
in NF. He prepared the Catalogue of Shells
from the “Kunstkammer” 1829 and enumeration of shells from the Spengler collection
1829–30. It is evident that Beck removed
material from the Kings collection for private
use. Mørch reported (1840–66: 199) that Prof.
Steenstrup purchased 196 gastropod species
at an auction in Sorø 1863 after Dr. Beck. All
species were reinstalled where they originally
were in Mus. CVIII.
Beck’s labels written from 1829–1848. Beck
curated the shell collections of the Kunstkammer and CVIII. In the beginning he wrote
with a goose quill on hand-made paper. The
sizes of labels vary according to the amount
of information and the time they were written.
Most labels are provided with abbreviated
notes referring to literature information, il-
cardiidae in the zoological museum, copenhagen
lustrations, synonyms and place of specimen
deposition (Fig. 6).
Becken, E. See under Roepstorff, Fr.Ad. de.
1874.
Bedemar See under Vargas Bedemar.
Bell, Alfred (1835–1925) Malacologist. He submitted fossils to O.Mörch 1869. Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s accession book 1866–1872:
#106 Cardium edule L. C. edulinum Sowb.
Nouv. Ca. #107 Cardium angustatum Sowb.
R. Crag. #108 Cardium grønlandicum Chem.
R.C. #109 Cardium parkinsonii Sowb. R.C.
#110 Cardium interruptum S.Wood, R.C.
#111 Cardium edule L. Crag, England.
Bell, R. K. Identified protocardiids onboard
”Galathea” in 1951 & 1952.
Bellona Danish expedition to Brazil using the
frigate “Bellona” 1840–41.
Bels. Abbr. of Bellsound (Bell Sound) used on
labels by Mörch.
Belsound Spelling of Bellsound on labels.
Belsund Spelling of Bellsound on labels.
Benzon Mr. Lived in London. On 27 June 1859
he received #21 Cardium elegantulum according to the ZM Book of Dispatch.
Benzon, Alfred N. Pharmacist. He had a shell
collection, which included specimens donated to him by the Zoological Museum c/o
Mörch.
Benzon, Bøje (1891–1976). Pharmacist, dr.
scient.; collected cardiids in Italy 1950, East
Africa and the Mediterranean 1932–1949, and
France 1958.
Benzon, Boye Alternative spelling of Bøje.
Benzon, E. v. Master of the Royal Hunt (Hof­
jægermester). He collected cardiids in Morocco. See under Sørensen, W.
Bergendal Submitted cardiids from Greenland
expedition in 1890 (accession book 1889–
1937): Serripes groenlandica. Egedesminde.
Bergh German malacologist. Collected fossils
for ZM.
Bergh, L. S. R. (1824–1909). Danish malacologist worked with nudibranchs.
Bernburg Collected cardiids in Greenland 1903,
1906.
Bertelsen, E. Collected Caspian cardiids 1956–
57.
Beskytteren The ship “Beskytteren” was used to
sample in Iceland 1903, 1904, 1905.
25
beta Second letter in the Greek alphabet.
Bevalet According to Beck 1836 N° 14: Shells
from Bordeaux and Dax purchased Jan. 1836
from Mr. Bevalet. # 22 Cardium burdigalinum
Bast. # 23 do var., # 24 C. ? burdigalinum
(edule) Bast. (ref. T 278).
Biolog. Stat. Abbr. of Den danske biologiske Station. Blegvad collected cardiids for the station
in the Baltic 1929.
Birket-Smith Danish biologist. Collected cardiids in Egypt.
BIV Abbr. of “bivalve”. Used together with registration number of type material at ZMUC.
Bk Abbr. of Beck, Henrik.
Blegvad, Harald (1886–1951). Danish biologist
working with C.G.Johs.Petersen. Collected
cardiids for Den danske biologiske Station for
many years, and in the Persian Gulf 1937.
blødt ler Danish = soft clay.
Blom, M. Collected cardiids in Israel 1964–65.
Boas, J. E. V. (1855–1935). Professor at the
Landbohøjskolen. Collected cardiids 1929.
See under KVL.
Boch Dr. Collected cardiids on the Lord Hood’s
Isl. Pacific Ocean before 1845.
Bock, C. Business man, Grimsby, UK. According to Mörch’s accession book 1870–1889;
submitted shells to the museum; cardiids not
mentioned.
Boeck, Axel dr. The museum received shells in
exchange 1872; see dispatch 1868. Cardiid
number in Mörch’s accession book 1870–
1889: wet shells #45 Cardium crassum Gm.
Udø ved Mandal. #46 Cardium fasciatum
Mtg. Karn-øerne. Dry shells: #115 Cardium
papillosum Poli. #116. Cardium fasciatum
Mtg. #117 Cardium svecicum Reeve. He also
submitted shells from Udö, Mandal in 1879.
Bolt. Abbr. of Bolten.
Bolten, Joachim Friedrich (1718–96). German
physician and malacologist.
bon < French: stands for good quality of illustration. Used on old labels written by Beck and
Mörch.
Bonetz. Abbr. of Bonnezen.
Bonnesen Captain. See under Jensen, E.
Bonnezen Sailor. Sold shells from New Brittany to the museum 1881. Cardiid number
in Mörch’s accession book 1870–1889: #1
Cardium cardissa Ny Brittan.
26
j. hylleberg
Boren Mate. Collected cardiid 1835.
Borgo See under Dall Borgo.
Born, Ignatius von (1742–1791) Austrian malacologist. Reference to Born’s publication
1780 is common on old labels at ZMUC, e.g.
Born t.3 f.8 – Born v. t.3 f. 10 – Born Test. t.
xvii f. 9.
Borries, C. cand. phil. The Museum purchased !!
(sic) shells 18 January 1850. Cardiid numbers
in Mörch’s accession book 1846–1853: #4
Cardium pectinatum, 1. #5 Cardium flavum,
very large specimens, 2. #6 Cardium muricatum, 1. – Dispatch catalogue: Dated 10
December 1868, he received a shell collection.
Cardiid number in Mörch’s dispatch book
1857–1868: #176 Cardium echinatum.
Børth Collected cardiids in Sri Lanka before
1848.
Borth See under Børth.
Börth See under Børth.
Börup See under Børup.
Børup, O. Collected cardiids in Iceland onboard
“Beskytteren” 1907.
Bosc, L. A. G. Published “Histoire naturelle des
coquilles ...” 1802, 1836.
Br. Abbr. of Bruguière on labels.
Bradley, Chester American malacologist. Identified cardiids for Emerson, E.
Bræstrup, Palle Danish zoologist; collected
cardiids in the West Indies before 1944.
Bras. Abbr. of Brazil.
Brasil. Abbr. of Brasilien = Brazil.
Brasilea Old Danish for Brazil.
Brasilien Danish for Brazil.
Brdfl. Abbr. of Bardenfleth.
Brdp. Abbr. of Broderip.
Brdp. et Sow. Z.I. xv. by f. 3 (?erroneous. I have
only found ref. to Broderip & Sowerby 1829,
Zoological Society, Tab. ix, fig. 3).
Bredn. Abbr. of Bredning. Danish = broad.
Brg. Abbr. of Bruguière on labels.
Brinkmann, A. (1878–1940). Collected cardiids
in the Atlantic Ocean, Senegal, 1906. It was
not part of his work at KVL. He moved to
Bergen Museum, Norway 1911.
Broch. Abbr. of Brocchi on labels.
Brock Collected cardiids in Greenland 1868.
Brockdorf Captain Donated shells to the museum 1868. Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s accession book 1866–1872: #19 Cardium ciliatum
Fabr. Godhavn sand and shells, 14 fathoms.
#20 Cardium grønlandicum Chemn. Godhavn
sand and shells, 14 fathoms.
Brockdorff See under Brockdorf.
Brod. & Sow. Abbr. of Broderip & Sowerby.
Broderip, William John (1789–1859). British
malacologist.
Brown, A. Collected cardiids in Scotland, Clyde
before 1946.
Brug. Abbr. of Bruguière on labels.
Brugi. Abbr. of Bruguière on labels.
Bruguière, Jean Guillaume (1749–1798).
French malacologist; important publication
on cardiids: Encyclopédie méthodique, Bruguière 1789 with text by Bory Saint Vincent
1827.
Brünnich, Morten Thrane. (1737–1827). The
first professor in Natural History at Copenhagen University. Brünnich curated and expanded Moltke’s Cabinet, which was transferred to
the University in 1772 under the name “The
New Natural Theater of the University”. Brünnich moved to Norway in 1789. See under
“Universitetets Nye natural Theater”.
Brünnich’s Natural Theater See under Brünnich and Moltke.
Bruun Collected cardiids in the Mediterranean,
Naples.
Bruun Lecturer. Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s
accession book 1840–1867: #50. Cardium
rusticum #51. Cardium (politum Spgl) crassum Gm.
Bruun, Anton Fr. (1901–1961). Collected cardiids in the Mediterranean 1938; participated
in many expeditions; head of the Atlantide Expedition to West Africa, leader of “Galathea 2”
Expedition. Employed at the ZM from 1938.
Bruun, Magda Mrs. Wife of A.Fr. Bruun, collected cardiids for ZM.
Bucarde lisse French trivial name for Cardium
lævigatum; Linn.; species n° 30 by Bruguière
1789.
Bucarde spineuse French trivial name for Acanthocardia aculeata.
Burgess, Clarence Milton (1907–1999) American malacologist; donated cardiids from Hawaii.
C Fb See under CFb.
C viii. Abbr. of King Christian the 8 th on labels.
C. Abbr. of Chemnitz on labels by Beck.
cardiidae in the zoological museum, copenhagen
C. m. Abbr. of Cardium magnum.
C. Prlr. Abbr. not identified. Collected cardiids
in Naples 1830.
C. VIII. Abbr. of King Christian the 8th on labels.
C. VIIII Printer’s error on label. See under
CVIII.
C. F. Stands for Prince Christian Frederik, who
became CVIII.
C. F. S Abbr. of Christian Friederich Schumacher.
C. M. P. Abbr. of C.M. Poulsen. He had a shell
collection, including tropical cardiids; now
present in the ZMUC dry coll. c/o Steenberg.
C. V. J. Abbr. not identified. Ref. to “Atlantide”
St. Vincent.
Cab. Abbr. of cabinet on labels.
calc. Abbr. of calcareous on labels.
Calif. Abbr. of California on labels by Mörch.
Capit. Stands for ship’s captain.
Carausu I. Mrs. Collected Black Sea cardiids.
Card. Abbr. of Cardium on labels.
Cardier Meaning cardiids. Used on labels by
Mörch.
Carlsberg f. ocean. exp. or Carlsb f. ocean.
Exp. omkr. Jorden 1928–30. Stands for
Carlsbergfondets oceanografiske Ekspedition
omkring Jorden 1928–30. See under Dana
expeditions.
Carlsberg Foundation The Danish brewery
Carlsberg funded the “Dana” expeditions.
Carolinum Cardiids from the Caroline Isl. collected by Hartman1880.
Casimir Mr. Donated fossil shells to the museum. See under Wroblewsky.
Caspersen Captain. Submitted shells from St.
Anna, east coast of Mexico 1870. Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s accession book 1866–1872:
#58 Cardium ventricosum Brug. C. magnum
Born. #59 Cardium citrinum Chemn.
Castonier Groom of the Chamber. Submitted
cardiids in 1837. Cardiid numbers in Beck’s
accession catalogue 1837–39: #20 Cardium
ventricosum 1. N-Am. #21 C. muricatum 4.
#22 C. medium 2. #23 C. isocardia 3. #24 C.
?. #25 C. lævigatum 3. #26–28 not used by
Beck. #29 C. bullatum ?
catl. Abbr. of catalogue on labels.
Cb. Abbr. of cabinet on labels.
cf. Abbr. of confer; meaning; resembling; close
27
to.
CFb Abbr. of Christian Fabricius. Beck’s handwriting before 1848.
cfr. Abbr. of confer.
Ch. VI Stands for Chemnitz vol. 6. (1782) on
labels.
Charlottenborg Mansion (Palæ) located at the
corner of Kgs. Nytorv and Nyhavn. It was renamed castle (borg) after Queen Mother Charlotte took up residence in 1700. The castle
accommodated the Naturalia and Housekeeping Cabinet (Natural- og Husholdnings-Cabinettet) 1759–1772. Today it is the domicile of
the Academy of Fine Arts.
Chemn. With a full stop. General Abbr. of
Chemnitz.
Chemn: With a colon. Abbr. of Chemnitz on
labels by Schumacher.
Chemnitz according to Mörch (T 304). Catalogue without title dealing with the original
specimens in the Chemnitz, Müller, and
Spengler Collections. The order of entries is
running number, volume, figs., species, comments, and locality. #90. vi. (139) Cardium
auricula Forskål. – A duplicate specimen is
present in the Spengler collection (Fig. Ex M.
Moltk). C. retusum “L” Ch. #91. vi. 149,50.
Cardium monstrosum Ch. – C. replicatum
Spgl. Ex M. Moltk et Sp. Not the original
specimen. #92. vi. 155. Cardium aculeatum
L. – C. aculeat. var. A. Sp. #93. vi. (p. 471)
Cardium donaciforme Spgl. Mus. Ch. – C.
medium p.p. Ch. Fig. Ex M. Ch. #94. vi. 166.
Cardium fragum L. = Sp. ti. f. 5. #95. vi.
167. Cardium. – Fragum album Ch. #?96. vi.
181–83. Cardium bullatum L. – C. apertum
Gronov. Ch. #97. vi. 184. Cardium papyraceum Ch. #98. vi. 191. Cardium magnum “L”
Ch. – Ex M. Sp. et Ch. #99. vi. 197. Cardium
rusticum Ch. (non L).
Chemnitz, J.H. (1730–1800). Priest and conchologist. Cardiidae illustrated and described
in vol. 6. 1782: Martini & Chemnitz: Neues
systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet 1769–
1795. It is uncertain if any of Chemnitz’s
cardiids are preserved at the ZMUC today.
Maybe as syntypes.
Chenu (1808–1879). French biologist. Reference to Chenu on labels at ZMUC.
Chest. Stands for Chester Bradley.
28
j. hylleberg
chevron V-shaped ornamentation on ribs.
Chm. Abbr. of Chemnitz.
Chmn. Abbr. of Chemnitz on labels.
Chr. P. Abbr. of Chr.Petersen 1905.
Christensen, J. senior collected cardiids in Limfjorden 1896.
Christian 8 th (1786–1848). King of Denmark
from 1838–1848. His interest in natural sciences was stimulated already when he was
a boy. The naturalist H.S. Holten, one of his
teachers, played a key role in this respect. The
young Prince Christian Frederik established a
small museum at Amalienborg Castle. In 1806
he married his German cousin Charlotte Frederikke. They divorced in 1809. Denmark supported France during the Napoleon war. This
alliance resulted in the bombardment of Copenhagen by the British navy in 1807 and the
forced separation of Norway from Denmark in
1814. These years were very troublesome for
all Danes, including the royal family. Prince
Christian Frederik married again in 1815.
His new wife was daughter of Duke Frederik
Christian of Augustenborg. They settled down
in Odense but spent many winters at Amalienborg or on study tours abroad The first travel
took place in 1818. During the following years
the Prince carried on his scientific work and
took care of his collections. In 1838 he became
president of the Royal Danish Academy of
Sciences and Letters (Fig. 7).
Christiansborg Slot Castle of Copenhagen;
planned during the reign of king Christian
VI; initiated in 1731; referred to as the first
Christiansborg, which burnt down in 1794. It
accommodated ”Det kongelige Kunstkammer
or Museum Regium”, but luckily the museum
was in a separate building next to the castle
itself. From 1680–1821 the collections were
accommodated in the library building of the
castle. In 1821 the zoological collections were
transferred to ”Det kongelige naturhistoriske
Museum”. The second Christiansborg was
inaugurated 1828 but burnt down in 1884. The
third Christiansborg was built from 1907–28.
It still stands.
Christiansen, H. Worked for St. Nordisk Tele­
graf; donated cardiids from Taiwan.
circumstantial evidence Means no direct proof,
but knowledge of travel route and other
Fig. 7. Lithograph of King Christian 8th. From the Steenberg
Picture Collection at ZMUC.
evidence allows to state the origin of a given
specimen.
Clavijo Vice Director of the Royal Natural History Collection in Madrid before 1799.
Cmg. Abbr. of Cuming.
Col. Abbr. of Collin, J. the younger.
coll. Abbr. of collection.
Collegieraad Danish word for “College Councellor” e.g. Meyer.
Collin, Jonas (1776–1861) First bearer of the
name. He had a high government position,
active in the establishment of “Den naturhistoriske Forening i København” 1833.
Collin, Jonas (1840–1905) Second bearer of
the name. He was stud. art. when he became
member of NF in 1857. Referred to as Jonas
Collin the younger. He sold a collection of
shells to the museum in 1868. Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s accession book 1866–1872:
cardiidae in the zoological museum, copenhagen
Fig. 8. Collin’s label: Cardium aculeatum Linné. The Mediterranean. J. Col. The lower part of a larger label written by
Jonas Collin.
#213 Cardium echinatum L. jun Hellebæk
#214 Cardium svecicum Reeve, Hellebæk.
His collection of cardiids partly went into the
possession of Steenberg. Now available in the
ZMUC general collection.
Collin’s collection Dated 7 September 1887,
Mörch’s accession book 1870–1889 tells that
the museum purchased J. Collin’s collection
(among others original material from the Limfjorden), but the museum only kept half of it.
The other half was sold to bookseller Lynge
and stud. mag. F. Riise. Note added to the
entry: Lynge’s and part of Riise’s collections
were sold in 1935 to the Museum of Natural
History, Aarhus University, Denmark. See
under Aarhus Museum. (Fig. 8).
Comtesse, David Louis (1883–1957) British
captain and malacologist. Collected cardiids
in Australia; onboard the Carlsberg Foundation Oceanic. Exp. 1928–30.
Conchiilien Musei Schumacherium See under
Schumacher’s collection.
conchologist Person who works with conchology, i.e. the branch of zoology that deals with
the study of shells of molluscs.
Conr. Abbr. of the Danish museum conservator
Conradsen on labels.
Conr. Abbr. of the malacologist T.A.Conrad on
labels.
Conrad, T. A. (1803–1857). American malacologist.
Conradsen Museum conservator. Collected
shells in the Bay of Aarhus, Nov. 1857.
Cardiid number in Mörch’s accession book
1853–1861: #9 Cardium fasciatum, 4.
coralline matter Derived from calcareous algae.
Corbet Mr. The Museum in Rheims, France;
submitted unidentified Tertiary fossils. Car-
29
diid number in Mörch’s accession book
1840–1867: #258. Cardium.
Corneliussen Captain. He donated shells to the
museum 1874. Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s
accession book 1870–1889: #55 Cardium sp.
Penang. #237 Cardium sp. 20 fv. water, Singa.
#358 Cardium australe N S Wales.
Coromandel coast The coast off E India, Bay
of Bengal.
Cosel, Rudo von (born 1940) German malacologist working at MNHN in Paris. Submitted
cardiid paratypes to ZMUC in 1995.
costis Latin< costa = rib = shell ribs. Term used
by Schumacher.
Couth. Abbr. of Couthouy.
Couthouy, Joseph Pity (1808–1864). American
malacologist.
Cox, James Charles (1834–1912). Australian
malacologist. Submitted shells to ZM 1870.
Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s accession book
1866–1872: #283 Cardium sp. New Caledonia. #284 Cardium sp. Hobson’s Bay.
Coxe Collected cardiids in Pacific Ocean 1870.
Coy Collected cardiids in the Caribbean 1867.
Cum. Abbr. of Cuming.
Cumg. Abbr. of Cuming.
Cuming 1834, 1835 See under Beck 1830–
1836.
Cuming, Hugh (1791–1865) Esq., London. British malacologist and shell dealer. His left shell
collection (83,000 specimens) was purchased
by the British Museum 1866. Supplied cardiids to CVIII. Cuming also donated shells to
Fig. 9. Cardium trigonoides Pallas. Both Beck and Mörch
wrote labels attached with Cuming’s specimens This label
from 1842 is similar to the style of Beck, but it is possibly
written by Cuming.
30
j. hylleberg
the Museum; Mörch wrote the labels from his
dictation. Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s accession book 1846–1853: #163 Cardium mortoni.
United States, 2. #164 Cardium donaciforme.
Philippines, 1. (Fig. 9).
Cuningham Submitted cardiids from Australia
1835 (Fig. 10).
Cuningham, Allan (1791–1839). British malacologist.
Cuv. Abbr. of Cuvier.
Cuvier, Georges (1769–1832). Baron, French
zoologist.
CVIII (1786–1848). King Christian 8 th. He is abbreviated CVIII on labels by Mörch (the most
common abbreviation). The king’s collection
was transferred to the University Museum and
encompassed many important specimens, e.g.
from Otto Fabricius, Forskål, and O.F. Müller.
See also Beck’s catalogue 1831 and Christian
the 8 th (Fig. 11).
CVIII list of contributors Beck wrote the
list for personal use. It shows persons who
contributed to the shell collection of King
Christian 8 th (CVIII). The list is not dated
but written before 1848. Beck’s entries show
countries and persons who submitted material from these countries (not nationalities
of the persons). The same person may have
submitted shells from more than one country,
e.g. Falbe, who collected in Italy, Greece,
and Tunisia. I have marked persons with an
Fig. 10. C. fragum N. Holl. Collected by Cuningham 1835.
Label from the time of Beck.
Fig. 11. Mörch’s characteristic marking of material from the
museum of CVIII. The marking is seen on labels as well as
on the inside of specimens.
asterisk* if they appear on old labels listed
in the present catalogue. Geographical areas in alphabetical order. Algeria: Michaud.
Ana: Lyck. Antilles: *Bardenfl. *Sommer.
Magens. *Scholten. Castonier. *Hornbeck.
*Ravn. Nissen. *True Ekhard. Arabia & Red
Sea: *Forskål. *Greenough. D’. Roux. Australia: *Cuming. Lyell. *Cuningham. Woltown.
Q. et Gaimard. Lesson. MC. Belgium: Canthraine. *Nyst. Brazil (Am med): *Reventlov.
*W.Lund. Röding. Woodbene Pairish. Cap:
Westermann, Trentepol, *Petersen. Ekloa.
Central America (Am. m. int): D’Orbigny.
*Cuming. China: Trentepol. *Petersen. *Ludvigsen. Congo, Mozambique: *Dal Borgo.
Denmark: *O.Müller. *Abildgaard. Holten. *Otto Fabricius. *Spengler. Chemnitz.
*Grove. *W.Lund, *Hofman-Bang. *Kröier.
*Møller. *Steenstrup. Egypt. Red Sea: Beske.
Cailliaud. (Ruppel). (Rusegge?). Dumreicher.
Faroe Islands: *Forkhammer. *Vargas Bedemar. France: Lamarck. G.Cuvier. Ferussac.
Blainville. *Valenciennes. Deshayes. Brongniart. Michaud. Risso. Rieneu. Recluz. Rey.
Gilles. Waldemar. Neraudreu [?]. *Bevalet.
Rüssel. Marquies. Q et Gaimard. Lesson. Germany: Martini. Schröter. Winthern. Thorey.
Beske. Hofmann. Jenisson. Pfeifer. Menke.
Rossmäsler. *Philippi. Ehrenberg. Bronn.
Goldfuss. Münster. Hoeninghaus. M.v. Mühlfeldt. Ziegler. *Malsburg. *Müller. Taeschel.
Wigmann. Greece: Falbe. Greenland: *Chr.
Fabricius. Ginge. Pingel. *Vahl. *Holböll.
Tafting. Guinea: Hein. Tscherning. Trentepol?. Klein. *Mörck. I Oc Inter: Westermann.
Iceland: Faber. Indian Ocean. Tranquebar:
*Schönheider. *Seidlin. *Hansen. (Mourier).
Horstmann. Indian Ocean. Ceylon: *Börth. Indian Ocean. Ganges: Wallich + Cantor. Isl. De
France & Seychelles: *Ludvigsen. *Petersen.
Italy: *Capesse Lado. Montechelli/Pak. Delle
Chiajei. Certa Bivona Caron. Chret Jahn.
cardiidae in the zoological museum, copenhagen
Fig. 12. Label by Beck: C. ciliare Ch. vol XI. XI. f. 1951-3 =
junior C. aculeata. Portugal. Beck abbreviated Dal Borgo’s
name (DBg.) in a very characteristic way.
*Philippi. *W.Lund. *Prunner. Falbe. Schouv.
Japan Siebolt. Java & Ambon: Westermann.
*Voigt. Madagascar: Prevost. Mus Paris. Morocco *Grove. Nepperschmidt. *Schousboe.
North America: Lea. Petersen. *Ravn. Lyell.
Say. Conrad. etc. Norway: Wassermann. Lyck.
*Bock (Sakri). Philippines: Trentepol. *Petersen. *Cuming. *Kjærulf. Bentley. Poland:
Pingel. Portugal: *D Borgo. *Grove. Russia:
Eschscholz. Mertens. Krynicki. Senegal: *Petit. South America (Inf. am. m.): *Mus Paris.
Lyell. Spain: Youd [?]. Walton. Sumatra: Trentepol. *Petersen. Sweden: Thunberg. Linné.
Nilsson. Lovén. Marklin. The Netherlands:
*Voigt, De Maan, Simons. Tunesia: Falbe.
UK: I.Banks. Sowerby. *Cuming. *Cuningham. Gray. Lyell. Murchinson. Broderip.
*Greenough. Mantel. Goodal. Alder. Reeve.
Gaskoin. Sault. Walton. Watson. Stuchbury.
Graham. Wood. Mawe. West America (Am.
occid): Løfgren. *Cuming. *Lyell. Crt Mørk.
*Suensen. D.
CVIII Stands for cardiids of the King Christian
8th collection. See Fig. 11.
D Bg. Abbr. of Dal Borgo.
D Bgo. Abbr. of Dal Borgo.
D Borgo See under Dal Borgo.
D Brg. Abbr. of Dal Borgo.
D. franske Reg. Danish Abbr. of Den franske
31
Regering (The French Government) which
donated cardiids to ZM 1868.
D. B. R. Abbr. of Dall, Barth, and Rehder.
D. F. H. Abbr. of Danmarks Fiskeri & Havundersøgelser (Danish Fisheries & Sea Research).
D. N. F. Abbr. of Dansk naturhistorisk Forening
(Danish Natural History Society).
D. W. Abbr. of Dillwyn on label by Bech.
d’Orb. Abbr. of d’Orbigny.
d’Orbigny, A. d’. French malacologist,
d’Origny Master at grammar school (Adjunkt)
in Ribe, Denmark. Received shells from the
museum.
daarlige Eksempl. Danish for poor specimens.
Dal Borgo, O. (1775 –1856). Danish consul-general, among others in Rio; collected cardiids
for the KM. (Fig. 12).
Dana expeditions Important expeditions to the
western Atlantic and Mediterranean 1921;
cardiids collected in the West Indies and Haiti
1922; Expedition circumnavigating the globe
1928–30.
Dana The steam trawler “Dana” was used to collect cardiids in Øresund 1922 and in Storebælt
1925.
Dana vessels Three vessels carried the name
“Dana”. Dana I is the motor schooner “Dana”
of the East Asiatic Company. Dana II is the
steam trawler “Dana” of the Danish State;
used first time in 1921. Dana III is the fishery
research ship “Dana” built in 1937.
Danish West Indies See under West Indies.
Danmark The cruiser “Danmark” was used in
Greenland 1902, in Icelandic waters 1907,
and for the Northeast Greenland Expedition
1906–08. The work carried out is referred to
as the Danmark-expedition.
Danmark-expedition See under Danmark
Dansk Biologisk Station Shortened form of
Den Danske biologiske Station (The Danish Biological Station). See under C.G.Johs.
Petersen.
Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i København
The Danish Natural History Society in Copenhagen was founded 1833 by a group of
influential persons. The original name was
“Den naturhistoriske Forening i Kjøbenhavn”.
Compare with “Naturhistorie-Selskabet”.
Dansk naturhistorisk Forenings Samling Collections of the Danish Natural History Society.
32
j. hylleberg
Henrik Krøyer was associated with the Collections from 1833–1847.
Dat. Particular time when a sample was obtained.
Dbgo. Abbr. of Dal Borgo.
De forenede Museer (United museums) In 1867
Mörch wrote an inventory of display and
magazine facilities following the fusion of
three collections. He listed cupboards, number
of drawers and cabinets. All facilities were
combined in the new Zoological Museum
(ZM) constructed in Krystalgade. From the
Museum of CVIII: ZM received cupboards
with 828 drawers, 20 exhibition cases, 2
upright cupboards. From the University Museum: cupboards with 226 drawers, 4 exhibition cases, 1 upright cupboard. From the old
Royal Museum: cupboards with 400 drawers,
4 exhibition cases and 3 upright cupboards.
In total 1454 drawers but 176 of these were
old, previously belonging to Spengler og
Naturhistorisk Selskab. He also mentions
drawers stored in the loft on top of the University Museum in Nørregade. See also under
Museum Collections and Mörch 1867 for
display of cardiids.
De grevelige Moltkeske Universitetet tilhørende
naturhistoriske samlinger. The Count Moltke’s natural history collections belonging to
the University displayed activity 1810–1864.
Years of important events: – 1810 poor
economy had made the natural science of the
University go down on its knees. In addition,
poor housing conditions, which followed the
bombardment of Copenhagen by the British
in 1807, made the situation rather miserable.
However, Count Joachim Godske Moltke
acted and purchased Universitetets Natural
Theater. It was fused with a large collection
he had inherited after his father and given
as a present to the University. This free gift
was named ” De grevelige Moltke’ske Universitetet tilhørende Samlinger”. In this way
the University received new funding and the
natural history collections were returned. It
was an unusual event The collections had
three addresses over time: 1.) Nørregade 10,
where the collection was stored 1810–1832.
2.) St. Kannikestræde 34 during the period
1832–1838. 3.) Nørregade 10 again from
1838–1864. The collection was managed by
the following scientific staff: – 1810–1813
professor Jens Rathke – 1813–1845 professor Joh. Reinhardt. – 1831–1846 assistant, dr.
Henrik Beck. – 1846–1864 professor Japetus
Steenstrup. – 1852–1864 assistant O. Mørch.
– 1837 the main building of the University had
been rebuilt after the bombardment and the
housing situation relieved. – In 1838 the collections were transferred to Nørregade. – 1848
King Christian VIII passed away and his comprehensive collections were transferred to Det
grevelige Moltke’ske Universitetet tilhørende
naturhistoriske Samlinger.
de la Laing See under Laing, de la.
De Luc See under Luc, De
deciduous Falling off at periodical times. Here
in the sense of breaking off easily.
ded. = det. < L. determino = the limits of, determined by.
Defr. Abbr. of Defrance.
Defrance, Jacques-Louis-Marin (1758–1850).
French malacologist.
Deichmann, Elisabeth (1896–1975). DanishAmerican Zoologist. Collected cardiids in
Panama 1924.
Deichmann, Henrik Zoologist onboard the
“Hekla” Expedition 1891–92 and the “EastGreenland Expedition” 1898–1900.
Delesseria Genus of red algae.
delta The 4 th letter in the Greek alphabet.
Den 3.aarige Østgrønlands-Undersøgelse The
3-year East Greenland Investigation 1931–
34.
Den Danske biologiske Station The Danish biological Station. See under C.G.Johs.Petersen.
Den naturhistoriske Forening i Kjøbenhavn.
The original name of the society founded in
1833. [“The Natural History Society in Copenhagen”]. Compare with “Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i København” and “Naturhistorie-Selskabet”.
Desh. Abbr. of Deshayes on labels by Mörch.
Deshayes, Gérard Paul (1795–1875). French
malacologist. His name is pronounced “deé”
in French.
Det gamle Universitets Museum The old museum of the university mentioned in Mörch’s
accession book 1866–1872 = the Zoological
Museum in Nørregade. Collections were
cardiidae in the zoological museum, copenhagen
moved to the Zoological Museum in Krystalgade in 1867.
Det grevelige Moltkeske Universitetet tilhørende zoologiske Museum. Identical with “De
grevelige Moltke’ske Universitetet tilhørende
naturhistoriske samlinger” (The Count Moltke
Zoological Museum belonging to the University) referred to as the “University Zoological
Museum”. ��������������������������������
See also under Grev Moltkes Samling and De grevelige Moltke’ske Universitetet tilhørende naturhistoriske samlinger.
Det kgl. naturhistoriske Museum Abbr. of Det
kongelige naturhistoriske Museum. Also
��������
abbreviated KM.
Det kongelige naturhistoriske Museum The
Royal Natural History Museum displayed
activity 1804–1864. The Museum had 3 addresses during its lifetime. 1.) Rosenborg Slot,
where the Spengler Collection was stored
1804–1821. 2.) Østergade 52, where other zoological collections were stored 1804–1821. 3.)
Det Holsteinske Palæ, Stormgade 10 where the
collections amalgamated 1821–1864. Years of
important events: 1806 Johannes Hagemann
Reinhardt was appointed inspector at the Det
kongelige naturhistoriske Museum in Østergade. He worked 39 years at this museum.
1820 The King sanctioned that larger premises could be leased, viz. the Holstein Palace
in Stormgade. 1821 the collections stored at
Rosenborg Castle and the collections from
Østergade were transferred to the Holsteinske
Palæ in Stormgade. By this act ”Det kongelige
naturhistoriske Museum” in Stormgade was
created. The attraction of the museum was a
collection of stuffed birds (Wøldig’ske fuglesamling). Hence, the citizens of Copenhagen
nicknamed The Royal Natural History Museum “the bird museum” (Fuglemuseet). 1821
The zoological collections from the chamber
of art (Kunstkammeret) amalgamated with the
other collections. 1827 The Danish State purchased the Holsteinske Palæ. 1829 A reform
was carried out. The old Commission was
dissolved and a board of directors established
to govern the ”Det kongelige naturhistoriske
Museum”. 1829 Beck appointed assistant for
Reinhardt. 1840 Henrik Krøyer collected in
South America onboard the frigate “Bellona”.
1842 a new reform was carried out regarding
33
the management. Reinhardt became chief inspector and Beck became inspector. 1845 Reinhardt died. 1845 Steenstrup was appointed
professor zoologiae, but during the following
3 years there was no contact between the
University and Det kgl. naturhistoriske Museum. 1845–1847 the Galathea expedition
was carried out, but the collections were not
fully utilized because of a war which raged
with Germany from 1848–51. 1848 dr. Beck
was dismissed because he was addicted to
drinking. 1848 Joh. Theodor Reinhardt was
appointed inspector after his father. – 1850
the “Universitetsmuseet” in Nørregade gained
increasing significance during the time of
Steenstrup who was determined to strengthen
the natural sciences. Hence, he worked on a
fusion of Det kgl. naturhistoriske Museum og
Universitetsmuseet. It was a difficult task but
he succeeded and a law passed Parliament in
1862 stating the fusion of the natural history
collections. 1864 Det kgl. naturhistoriske Museum closed.
Det mineralogiske Museum The Zoological
Museum received shells from the Museum
of Mineralogy in Copenhagen. Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s accession book 1846–1853:
#45 Cardium cardissa, ex Moltke, 2/2. #46
Cardium humanum, ex Moltke. #47 Cardium
unedo, ex Moltke. #58 Cardium aculeatus
[sic], ex Moltke. #51 Cardium isocardia, ex
Moltke. #52 Cardium oblongum, ex Moltke.
#53 Cardium tuberculatum, ex Moltke. #55
Cardium costatum, ex Moltke 1. ex Min. Mus.
1. #60 Cardium edule, ex Moltke. – Shells
from the museum of mineralogy, Copenhagen,
5 July 1850. Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s accession book 1846–1853: #177 C. lævigatum,
1 5/2. #178 C. edule, Falmouth, 2. #179 C.
echinatum, 3/2.
Det physiologiske Museum The Museum of
Physiology received glass tubes in 1868.
Cardiid number in Mörch’s accession book
1866–1872: #73 Cardium pullus? #156 Cardium grønlandicum Chem. #157 Cardium
ciliatum Fabr.
Det. Abbr. of < L. determino = the limits of,
determined by = identified by, ID.
Diana The naval schooner “Diana” sampled
in Iceland 1884, 1900, 1902. Stud. mag. A.
34
j. hylleberg
Ditlevsen was onboard in 1902. “Diana” operated in SE Iceland 1900.
Dijmphna duplicate cardiids According to the
dispatch book 1890–1921; duplicate specimens from the ”Dijmphna” cruise were sent
to museums in London, Paris, and Cambridge
in October 1890. The cardiid species Cardium
ciliatum mand Serripes groenlandicus were
mailed to two unspecified museums.
Dijmphna The steamship “Dijmphna” used for a
Danish expedition 1882–83 to the Kara Sea.
Dillwyn, Lewis Weston (1778–1855). British
Malacologist. Published “A descriptive catalogue” 1817.
Dillwyn, Lewis Weston (1778–1885) British
malacologist. Published “A descriptive catalogue ...” 1817.
Discr. Abbr. of < L. discrepantia = disagreement, difference. Used by Mørch to indicate
that Spengler and Chemnitz used different
names for the same species.
dispatch book Afgangs-Journal in Danish. Specimens sent from ZM ca. 1849–1893; mostly
recorded in Mörch’s handwriting. Not signed,
not fully dated, but the book probably started
around 1848. – Other dispatch books: Mörch
1857–1868. Afgangs-Journal for Molluskerne
1890–1921.
Ditlevsen, A. According to UZM entries in a
diary he participated as a student onboard the
naval schooner ”Diana”, 1902 Sampled cardiids at the Faroe Islands and Iceland.
Dohm, Dp. Stettin. Dated 29 August 1867, he
received a shell collection. No number in
Mörch’s dispatch book 1857–1868: Cardium
æolicum Born
Dollfus, Robert Philippe (1887–1976). French
malacologist.
Dollfuss R. Ph. Collected cardiids at the Faroe
Islands 1929. Spelling of Dollfus on labels.
Donov. Abbr. of Donovan on labels by Beck.
Donovan, Edward (1768–1837). British malacologist. Published “The natural History of
British Shells 1800–1804”.
Donv. Abbreviation of Donovan.
doublet Both valves fit together, i.e. a complete
bivalve; word used by Spengler 1799.
Dr. Th. Mortensen. See under Mortensen.
Dreyer Colonel, Clarupgaard. Collected fossil
shells. Cardiid number in Mörch’s accession
book 1866–1872: #19 Cardium edule L. –
Dated 3 December 1887 Mörch’s accession
book 1870–1889 tells that Steenstrup donated
subfossil Cardium edule collected by Dreyer
at Vindeby Nor NW of Eckernförde.
DRY Stands for the general collection of dried
shells at ZMUC.
Duméril, André Marie Constant (1774–1860).
French naturalist.
Dumr. Abbr. of the Duméril. Collected cardiids
in the Red Sea.
Duus Consul in Hong Kong. Cardiid number
in Mörch’s accession book 1846–1853: #144
Cardium multispinosum, 2.
Dv Abbr. of Dictionnaire Vers, referring to
“Histoire Naturelle des Vers, Encyclopédie
méthodique” by Bruguière 1789.
Dw Abbreviation of Dillwyn.
Dyret i Regentsg. Danish language meaning that
the animal is deposited in a test tube.
e < L. Abbr. of ex = from, out of.
e mar. Tarantin = “from Bay of Taranto”, the
Mediterranean.
e Mus Chr. 8vi From the museum of CVIII. On
label by Beck
e Mus Christiani 8vi From the museum of
CVIII. On label by Beck.
e Museo regio From the royal museum. On label
by Beck
e Museo regio Hafniae From the royal museum
in Copenhagen. On label by Beck
E. Stands for “Encyclopédie méthodique”, Bruguière 1789; text by Bory Saint Vincent 1827;
see also under Eni.
e.g. < L. Abbr. of exempli gratia = for example.
E. m. Abbr. of Encyclopédie méthodique, Bruguière 1789; see also under Eni.
E. S. Abbr. of E. Schimmelmann.
East India Old geographical term covering India & countries east of India; it includes the
Malay archipelago and the Indonesian islands,
i.e. countries along the Bay of Bengal, in the
Andaman Sea and the Indian Ocean.
East-Greenland Expedition 1898–1900. Carlsbergfondets Østgrønlandsekspedition commanded by senior lieutenant G. Amdrup. It
lasted 3 years. Søren Jensen participated as
zoologist.
Eck. Abbr. of Eckard.
Eckard See under Ekart.
cardiidae in the zoological museum, copenhagen
Fig. 13. Cardium incrassatum m. [invalid species]. Caspian
Sea. The handwriting is possibly by Eichwald. Mörch added
the Greek letter alpha.
Edmunds, J. Collected cardiids in W. Africa
1970.
Eichw. Abbr. of Eichwald.
Eichwald, Karl E. Ivanovich von (1795–1876).
Russian malacologist; studied molluscs of
the Caspian Sea. He wrote “m.” after species
described by him (Fig. 13).
Ek. Abbr. of Ekart.
Ekart, F. Collected cardiids in the Antilles before
1848.
Eksp. Abbr. of Ekspedition.
Ekspeditionen Danish for the expedition.
Elberling, C. Graduate. He received shells on 1
Nov. 1860 according to ZM book of dispatch:
#33 Cardium flavum. – On 26 Jan. 1861: #107
Cardium echinatum – not dated: #159 Card.
spinosum (bullatum).
Emerson, Evelyn American collector; donated
cardiids from the Gulf of Mexico and Sanibel
Island, Florida, USA.
empt. Abbr. on old labels by Beck (next to Mus.
Regio). < L. emptio; a purchase.
emt. Abbr. on labels by Beck. See under empt.
emto or emta Abbr. on labels by Beck. See under
empt. (Fig. 14).
Enc. Abbr. of “Encyclopédie méthodique” 1789,
text by Bory Saint Vincent 1827.
Encycl. Abbr. of Encyclopédie méthodique,
Bruguière 1789.
Endeavour Research vessel used by Mortensen
in Australia during the Dr. Th. Mortensen’s
Pacific Exp. 1914–16
Eni. Stands for “Tableau Encyclopedique et
Methodique” by Bruguière in Bory de St.
Vincent 1827.
35
Enumeratio Musei Christiani octavi. Mörch’s
catalogue listing the organisation of shells in
the museum of CVIII.
epsilon The 5 th letter in the Greek alphabet.
Eschr. Abbr. of Eschricht.
Eschricht, Daniel F. (1798–1863). Professor of
physiology. Started to build up a private collection called the “Zootomical-Physiological
Museum” 1825. It was sold to the “Zoological
Museum of the University” in 1841. See under
Universitetets zoologiske Museum. Essential
for the establishment of “Den naturhistoriske
Forening i Kjøbenhavn” (see under NF) and
supplied cardiids for N.F. from the Mediterranean.
Ess: Abbr. of Schumacher’s “Essai d’un nouveau…” 1817.
et < L. et = and.
eta The 7th letter in the Greek alphabet.
Etatsraad Danish for titular Councillor of state.
Ex, ex < L. ex = from
Ex., ex. Abbr. of < L. exemplar = specimen of
a species.
Exempl. Abbr. of < L. exemplar = specimen of
a species.
Exemps. Abbr. of < L. exemplaris = specimens
of a species.
Exp. Abbr. of expedition.
Expedt. Stands for the Expedition de la Venus,
Petit Thouars 1839.
Expl. E. Coast U.S. Abbr. of Exploration of the
east coast of USA by Wm. Stimpson.
Fig. 14. Label by Beck: C. hemicardium var. e Mus. Reg.
emto. Mörch added 44 and the Greek letter epsilon in pencil.
36
j. hylleberg
Exposition universelle Stands for Exposition
universelle de Paris 1868. Shells exhibited in
Paris were donated to ZM. Cardiid number
in Mörch’s accession book 1866–1872: #87
Cardium fragum L. East India.
f. Abbr. of < L. figura = figure.
F.C. Abbr. of Frederik Christian of Augustenborg.
fa. Abbr. of Fabricius.
Fabr. Abbr. of Fabricius who provided alcohol specimens for the CVIII coll. (Mörch
1858–59).
Fabricius, C. Submitted cardiids from Greenland before 1848.
Fabricius, F. Collected cardiids in Greenland
Fabricius, J.Chr. (1745–1808). Danish entomologist, prof. of economy and natural history. See under CFb.
Fabricius, Otto (1744–1822). Danish bishop.
Collected cardiids in Greenland; published
“Fauna groenlandica” 1780.
Færøerne The Faroe Islands in Danish language.
Fam: Terminated with a colon. Abbr. of family.
fathom = 1.8 m. This old measurement has often
been converted into the metric system on ZM
labels; see under fv.
Fav. Abbr. of the French naturalist Favanne.
Fedd. Abbr. of Feddersen
Feddersen Master at a grammar school (Adjunkt). ZM accession 1862: Cardiid number
in Mörch’s accession book 1840–1867 #153.
Cardium balthicum. Dispatch from ZM: dated
8 August 1862 he received a shell collection.
Cardiid number in Mörch’s dispatch book
1857–1868: #43 Cardium rusticum.
Feilberg Submitted shells from sheriff (Sysselmand) Müller, the Faroe Islands 1867.
Cardiid number in Mörch’s accession book
1866–1872: #67 Cardium edule #68 Cardium
echinatum.
Fhll. Abbr. of the locality Fairhill; used by Mörch
for specimens in the Møll. coll.
fi. Abbr. of < L. figura = figure. On labels by
Mørch.
fi. i Abbr. of figure i.
fide < L. confidence in; according to.
Fifth (5th) Thai-Danish Expedition 1966 Joint
Thai–Danish expedition to the Andaman Sea
between Myanmar (Burma) and Malaysia.
Find A person who collected cardiids in the
Antilles.
Findested Danish language, meaning finding
place.
Fjeldsøe Collected cardiids in the former Danish
West Indies before 1917.
Fjeldsted, K. Collected cardiids in the former
Danish West Indies.
Fjeldstrup Teacher. He collected shells at the
Faroe Islands during the summer 1887. No
number in Mörch’s accession book 1870–
1889: Cardium echinatum.
Fla Abbr. of Florida, USA.
Fleischer Submitted cardiids from Greenland
before 1863.
Fng. Abbr. not identified. Material from Greenland on label by Beck.
Forch. Abbr. of Forchhammer on labels by
Mörch.
Forchhammer, J.G. (1794–1865). Professor;
active in the management of KM from
1848–64. Collected shells October 1848 on
the island Sylt. Cardiid number in Mörch’s accession book 1846–1853: #2 Cardium edule,
Terpsted, 5 8/2.
Forkhammer See Forchhammer.
Forsk. Abbr. of Forskål.
Forskål in Niehbur 1775. Forskål died in Yemen 1763; subsequently Niebuhr published
his findings.
Forskål, Pehr Spelling of Peter Forskål in the
Swedish Pantheon.
Forskål, Peter (1732–1763). Zoologist and
botanist. Participated in the Expedition to
“Arabia Felix” initiated in 1761. He died 1763
in Yemen. Cardiids collected by Forskål are
available at the ZMUC today.
Forskål’s collection Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s
accession book 1846–1853: #61 Cardium flavum, 62. (3 previously entered). #62 Cardium
muricatum, 4 1/2. #63 Cardium assimile, 1 (1
previously entered). #64 Cardium auricula
Niebuhr. Original to Ch og Rgf (1 previously
entered). #65 Cardium unedo, 1. #66 Cardium papyraceum Ch, fragile Forsk?, 1 2/2
(3 previously entered). #67 Cardium edule, 1
1/2. #68 Cardium edule, fossil Suez 1/2. #69
Cardium digitale aff. 1. #70 Cardium, Savig.
t. f. fossil, 2/2.
Forskål’s Samling Undated entry in Mörch’s ac-
cardiidae in the zoological museum, copenhagen
cession book 1846–1853. See under Forskål’s
collection.
Forsskål See under Forskål. His name is spelled
in different ways by authors: Petter Forsskål,
P. Forsskåhl, P. Forskål, Forskhal, Forskael.
Fr. havn Abbr. of Frederikshavn, Denmark.
fra Udst. Abbr. of Danish “fra Udstillingen” =
from the exhibition. See under Universitetets
zoologiske Museum.
fra udstil. or Fra udstil. See under fra Udst.
fragile shell Refers to delicate, thin, easily broken shells.
Frederik Christian of Augustenborg (1765–
1814). Duke Frederik Christian of Augustenborg, president, management of KM from
1796–1814.
Frederik III (1609–1670). King of Denmark.
He started The Royal Cabinet of Curiosities.
It existed from 1650–1821. See also under
Kunstkammer .
Frederiksborg Latinskole Frederiksborg grammar school, Denmark. Kneckenborg received
shells 1. March 1850. ZM Book of Dispatch
#24 Cardium serratum L. (= C. laevi. Ch), 1.
#25 Cardium echinatum L. 1. #26 Cardium
edule L. Grimstad, 1.
Friele, Herman (1838–1921) Pharmacist, Bergen, Norway. The museum received shells
November 1874. Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s
accession book 1870–1889: #74 Cardium
edule L. #76 Cardium norvegicum Spgl. #78
Cardium fasciatum Mont. #79 Cardium nodosum Turt. #80 Cardium minimum Phil. C.
suecicum Sow.
Friis Secretary. Submitted shells from China c/o
Heu Sass 1851. Cardiid number in Mörch’s
accession book 1846–1853: #34 Cardium
multispinosum, 1. Friis had a large collection,
which included shells donated to him by the
Zoological Museum c/o Mörch.
Fristed Collected cardiids in Sri Lanka and
Southern India 1889.
Fristedt, K. See under Fristed.
Fucus Genus of brown algae.
Fugel 1834 See under Beck 1830–1836.
Fugl. Abbr. of Fuglsang.
Fuglsang Danish naturalist; collected tropical
cardiids.
fv Abbr. of fathom (favn). The precise length of
a fathom varies among countries. The Dan-
37
ish fathom converts into 1.883 m; the British
fathom into 1.829 m.
Fylla The naval cruiser “Fylla” was used to collect bottom fauna in West Greenland 1882,
1884 1886, and 1887. Cardiids were deposited
at the ZM.
G. G. U. Abbr. of Geological Survey of Greenland.
G. W. Abbr. of Professor Gregers Wad.
Gabriel, Charles John (1879–1963). Australian
malacologist. Collected cardiids in Australia
1921, 1923.
Gad, Svend Danish Consul in Singapore; collected cardiids for the museum 1902–1910
according to UZM entries in a diary.
Galathea label Material from the second Expedition 1950–52 has labels of two types:
1) Galathea-St. No.; 2) Zoologisk Museum,
København, Galathea-Ekspeditionen 1950–
52. St. No. These texts are printed on top of
labels.
Galathea The first expedition 1845–47; initiated
by CVIII. The vessel “Galathea” was a modified corvette. The navy ship had a length of
43 m and drew only 5 m. It could enter small
harbours and sail up the rivers.
Galathea The second expedition 1950–52. The
vessel “Galathea” was a modified frigate built
by the British in 1934. The 80 m long navy
ship was purchased by Denmark in 1949. It
was equipped with a 12 km long wire to enable
deep sea bottom sampling.
Galathea The third expedition 2006–07. The
vessel was a naval inspection ship named
“Vædderen”. The expedition is usually referred to as Galathea 3, although the vessel
did not carry the name Galathea. So far I have
not seen any cardiids collected during the third
expedition.
Gall Mr. Sold shells to Mörch when he visited
Norway. Cardiid number in Mörch’s accession book 1866–1872: #77 Cardium edule
var. glaucum.
Gallardo A. Chilean marine biologist. Collected
cardiids in Vietnam 1960. Participated onboard the 5 th Thai-Danish Exp. 1966.
Gamb. Abbr. of Gambia, West Africa.
Gemzøe Collected cardiids in Iceland 1904.
Gibraltar Rhed Danish: the sheltered roadstead
of Gibraltar.
38
j. hylleberg
Gm. Abbr. of Gmelin 1791.
Gmel. Abbr. of Gmelin.
Gml. Abbr. of Gmelin.
Godthaab Expedition Cardiids were sampled in
Greenland 1930.
Godthaab The vessel ”Godthaab” operated in
Greenlandic waters 1930.
Gould, Augustus Addison (1805–1866). Collected alcohol specimens for CVIII. See under
Mörch 1858–59.
Grækenland Danish: Greece.
Greenland collection. Shells from an exhibition in Kiel 1846. Cardiid number entered on
26 August 1859 in Mörch’s accession book
1840–1867: #73. Cardium ciliatum Fab. (new
6 September 1836 Møller). #74. Cardium
(Serripes) grønlandicum. Gigantic. Godthaab
1830. Depicted by Müller Mss. One pathological specimen with double roof containing
sand. One picturata. Godthaab 1829.
Greenogh Spelling of Greenough on labels.
Greenough According to Mörch, 1840–66,
he checked subfossils from the Red Sea,
Erythræa: #43 Cardium ciliatum Fab. (Mörch
stated: it does hardly belong to this coll.) #44
Cardium. #45 Cardium radiatum Reeve?
(from T 278). He collected cardiids in the Red
Sea 1860.
Grev Moltkes Samling The Collection of Count
Moltke housed in Amalienborg until 1810.
Grev Moltkes Universitetet tilhørende Museum Stands for the collection of Count Moltke
belonging to the University. Shortened name,
identical with “De grevelige Moltke’ske Universitetet tilhørende naturhistoriske samlinger” and “Det grevelige Moltke’ske Universitetet tilhørende zoologiske Museum”. For
a period the collection was stored because of
damage to buildings during the bombardment
of Copenhagen by the British commanded by
Admiral Nelson in 1807.
grev, greve = Danish word for count
Grl. Abbr. of Greenland.
Gröenland See under Grønland.
Gron. Abbr. of Gronovius.
Grøndal, Benedikt Graduate, Master at a grammar school, Reikiavik, Iceland. Cardiid number in Mörch’s accession book 1870–1889:
#29 Cardium fasciatum Mtg. – The museum
received shells October 1875. Cardiid num-
bers in Mörch’s accession book 1870–1889:
#57 Cardium islandicum. #58 Cardium grønlandicum. #59 Cardium grønlandicum var.
Gronenl. Abbreviation. Stands for of Greenland.
Grønl. Abbr. of the Danish word Grønland =
Greenland.
Grønland = Greenland.
Grönland See under Grønland.
Grønlands Zoogeogr. Undersøgelser = Greenland’s Zoogeographical Investigations. Thule
1968.
Gronovius (1730–1777). Dutch naturalist and
shell collector. Author of “Zoophylacium”
1781.
Grove Collected specimens for CVIII. He had
a shell collection, including tropical cardiids,
now present at ZMUC.
Grove, C.G. Councellor of justice, Roskilde,
Denmark.
Growe Contributed cardiids to ZM from Java
1844. See under Grove.
Gualt. Abbr. of Gualtieri.
Gualtieri, Niccolo (1688–1747). Italian malacologist. Published “Index testarum…”
1742.
Gudmund Collected alcohol specimens for
CVIII. See under Mörch 1858–59.
Guine Abbr. of Guinea.
Guyon Mr. Submitted cardiids from Algeria, 1
June 1850. Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s accession book 1840–1867: #34. Cardium crassum
juv. #35. Cardium papillosum. #36. Cardium
echinatum. See also under vase.
H. C. or HC Abbr. of Hugh Cuming, British
malacologist and shell dealer.
H. K. Abbr. of Henrik Krøyer.
Hab. Abbr. of < L. habitat = location.
Haderslev Latinskole Haderslev grammar
school, Denmark. ZM Book of Dispatch #30
Cardium laevigatum Chem Vestind. 1. #31
Cardium muricatum L. Vestindien, 1. #32
Cardium medium L. Vestindien, 1. #33 Cardium edule Grimstad, 1.
Hallas Dr. Submitted shells from Capt. Hammers
Expedition 1867. Cardiid number in Mörch’s
accession book 1866–1872: #1 Cardium elegantulum Beck. NE of Laganæs, 70 fathoms.
#6 Cardium elegantulum Beck off Borgefjord,
80 fathoms, on Onuphis tubes. #7 Cardium
cardiidae in the zoological museum, copenhagen
elegantulum Beck ?May, off Borgefjord, 80
fathoms, on Onuphis tubes.
Hallgr. Abbr. of Hallgrimson.
Hallgrimson Mr. Collected cardiids in Iceland,
Reykjavik 1840–41. See under Magazine.
Hammer Captain. See under Hallas.
Hanno. Abbr. of Hannover.
Hannov. Abbr. of Hannover.
Hannover Dr. surgeon lieutenant, licentiate in
1846. He collected cardiids in the Mediterranean. Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s accession
book 1846–1853: #92 Cardium aculeatum, 1.
#93 Cardium oblongum, 1.
Hansen Business man, Port Elisabeth, Cap. The
museum received shells through Mrs. Hansen.
Cardiid number in Mörch’s accession book
1870–1889: #39 Cardium sp.
Hansen Lieutenant in the navy; found shells at
a ship stranded in East India. Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s accession book 1853–1861:
#124. Cardium unedo. #125. Cardium. #126.
Cardium flavum. 20 Nov. 1862. Shells found
in stranded ship. Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s
accession book 1840–1867: #92. Cardium
unedo. #93. 1. fragment juv.
Hansen, H. J. (1855–1936). dr. phil. 1883.
����������
Participated in the “Ingolf “expedition 1895.
Hansen, M. M. Collected cardiids in Barbados
1976.
Hansen, P. M. (1901–1976). Name on misplaced
label with the Steenberg coll. Hansen did not
collect cardiids in Greenland 1927.
Fig. 15. I have not identified the handwriting nor the reference to carolinum n° 34 in available catalogues. Collected by
Hartmann 1880, i.e. two years after Mörch died.
39
Fig. 16. Characteristic label from the Hauschild coll. His
labels were typed on light blue paper. Apart from Hauschild’s
typed labels only some American cardiids at ZM are provided
with typed labels. Y.C. refers to Yoldi’s collection n° 437 from
the Philippines.
Harder, G. G. U. Collected cardiids in Greenland 1906, together with Jensen.
Harper Pease Mr. See under Pease.
Hartman Collected cardiids in the Caroline Isls.
1880 (Fig. 15).
Hartmann See under Hartman.
Hauch A. W. (1755–1838). Senior Lord Chamberlain. Active in the Management of KM
from 1802–38.
Hauch The naval vessel “Hauch” was used by
the Fishery Inspection to collect cardiids in
Kattegat from 1883 to 1886.
Hauschild Danish shell collector.
Hauschild’s collection Cardiids are deposited at
ZMUC (Fig. 16).
Havbugt Danish for bay.
Haysii Erroneous spelling of hayesii by Mörch.
Hbk. Abbr. of Holbæk or Hellebæk.
HCum. Abbr. of Hugh Cuming.
Hedegaard Naval officer. Collected material for
NF c/o Japetus Steenstrup.
Hedemann Collected cardiids in Greenland
1922.
Heegaard, P. E. (1908–1974). Danish zoologist.
Collected cardiids in Australia 1938. Poul E.
Heegaard was associated with the Danish
Zoological Museum and the Fishery Research
Institute.
Hekla the Norwegian steamer “Hekla” was hired
for the expedition to Scoresby Sound, Greenland 1891–92.
Hellebæk Small town north of Copenhagen
40
j. hylleberg
Hellebek Old spelling of Hellebæk.
Helsingør Realskole Elsinore high school, Denmark. ZM Dispatch book: Mörch provided
cardiids for educational purpose. They were
extracted from Møller’s duplicates or equivalents. Møller was regimental surgeon in
Helsingør and his collection was donated to
ZM after he deceased. ZM Book of Dispatch
#33 Cardium medium L. 1. #34 Cardium muricatum L. 1. #35 Cardium rugosum Lam. 1.
#36 Cardium edule, Grimstad, 1. #37 Cardium
laevigatum Chem. 2. #38 Cardium soleniforme Brug. 1.
Henriq. See under Henriques.
Henriques Antique dealer. Collected cardiids in
China or Vietnam. The Museum purchased
(Mörch wrote købt !!) shells, 17 May 1850.
Cardiid number in Mörch’s accession book
1846–1853: #13 Cardium, 9 f. 1.
Hensche, A. Collected cardiids in Germany
1867. See under Meyer & Möbius.
Hirshals Old Danish spelling of Hirtshals located in northern Jutland.
Hirtsholm Old Danish spelling of the islands
Hirsholmene off Frederikshavn.
Hj. U. Abbr. of Hjalmar Ussing.
HKH Abbr. of Hans Kongelige Højhed (His
Royal Highness) Also written with full stops
H.K.H.
Hlb. Abbr. of Hellebæk used on labels by
Mörch.
Hofm. Bang Abbr. of Hofman Bang.
Hofman Bang State councellor (Estatsraad).
Supplied cardiids from the former Danish
West Indies.
Hofman-Bang (1776–1855). Owner of an entailed estate. Also listed in catalogues as
gentleman farmer. Purchased fossils in 1846
from K. Krantz & comp. Berlin. He donated
them to the Museum in 1848. Cardiid numbers
in Mörch’s accession book 1846–1853: #58
Cardium alæforme Sowb. Zitten in Bohemia
(Böhmen), silurische Schicht. 6. #59? idem.
4.
Holbøl. See under Holbøll.
Holbøll & Møller 1839 (T 321). Catalogue prepared in Godthaab, Greenland, but not printed.
The species Cardium mariae nob. is not valid.
The catalogue is called ”Index Collectionis
Molluscorum Groenlandicum” C Holbölli &
C Mølleri. Godthaab 1839. – C. – Cardiaceés
Concha B. <Cardium grønlandicum. – Venus
isl. F. <Cardium islandicum – Card. echin. F.
<Cardium ciliatum F. <Cardium Mariae nob.
(?). <Cardium minutum – Venus min F.
Holbøll (1795–1856). Senior lieutenant, inspector in Greenland. Collected alcohol specimens
for CVIII. See under Mörch 1858–59.
Holbøll, C. Ship captain. Collected material for
NF c/o Japetus Steenstrup.
Holm Mr. Bookseller who had a large collection, which included shells donated to him by
the Zoological Museum in 1850 c/o Mörch.
In exchange for corals, sent 25 September
1850. ZM Book of Dispatch #17 Cardium
rusticum L.
Holm, Th. Student (stud. mag.). Dated 14 December 1887, Mörch’s accession book 1870–
1889 tells that stud. mag. Th. Holm collected
cardiids during a cruise to Greenland onboard
the warship ”Fylla”.
Holm, Thøger C. Mrs. Donated shells collected
in the Mediterranean 1883.
holotype The single specimen which is selected
as representative of a new species.
Holst Dr. Donated West Indian cardiids from the
Antilles 1933–35.
Holstein’s mansion See under Stormgade 10.
Holt, H. Donated tropical cardiids to ZM.
Holten, Hans Severin (1770–1805). Inspector at
KM in Østergade during the year 1805. He had
been teacher for CVIII at the time the king was
a young prince. It is generally assumed that the
king’s profound interest in natural history can
be attributed to the teaching of Holten.
Høpner Middle name of Petersen. Used on ZM
labels. See under Petersen, G.H.
Hornb. Abbr. of Hornbeck.
Hornbe. Abbr. of Hornbeck.
Hornbech Spelling of Hornbeck on labels.
Hornbeck Dr. physician. Cardiid numbers in
Mörch’s accession book 1853–1861: #4 Card.
spinosum, 4. #5 Card. medium, 3. #6 Card.
isocardia, 2. – Collected cardiids in former
Danish West Indies for NF. – Collected cardiids in Panama and China for NF 1860. – The
museum purchased fossil shells (Hornbeck’s
collection) at auction in 1870. Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s accession book 1866–1872:
#116 Cardium glaucum Brug. non globo-
cardiidae in the zoological museum, copenhagen
sa. Bona. #177 Cardium porulosum Busch.
Damery Marne. #178 Cardium obliquum.
Beynes. #179 Cardium obliquum. Jalgonne.
#180 Cardium lima. Damery.
Hornbeck dr. Submitted one large specimen of
#6 Cardium isocardia for his Majesty’s Zool.
Museum 9/12 1833. Loose page attached with
Beck 1833 (from T 278).
Hornbek See under Hornbeck.
Hørring Collected cardiids for the ZM in Kattegat 1883.
Hørring Graduate (cand. med.). Cardiid number
in Mörch’s accession book 1840–1867: #21
Cardium edule. Danmark. – Cardiid numbers
in Mörch’s accession book 1840–1867: #9
Cardium fasciatum. Hornbek 1863. #16 Cardium echinatum juv. #21 Cardium svecicum
#25. Cardium echinatum. Kattegat. – Læsø
Rende. – Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s accession book 1840–1867: #9 Cardium echinatum.
#10 Cardium norvegicum; off Gjerrild Bay.
Hornum 15. #33 Cardium fasciatum unicolor,
albus. #34 Cardium fasciatum rufescens. #75
Cardium svecicum north of Gilleleje.
Hørring, R. (1875–1943).Graduate in zoology
1903. Collected cardiids in the North Atlantic:
Faroe Islands and Iceland 1899, 1901. According to UZM entries in a diary, student Mr.
Hørring was onboard the naval schooner ”Diana”, 1898. – He submitted shells collected at
Iceland (onboard ”Diana”). Cardium ciliatum
Ydre Rödefjord, st. 17, 60–80 fv. Cardium
ciliatum Miöfjord, st. 11, 10–22 fv. Cardium
ciliatum Berufjord, st. 23, 5– ? fv. according
to the accession book 1889–1937.
Horsens Skole Public school in Horsens, Denmark; received cardiids from ZM. Book of
Dispatch dated 30 April 1850: #34 Cardium
medium L Vestindien, 1. #35 Cardium laevigatum Chem Vestind. 1. #36 Cardium muricatum L. Vestindien, 1. #37 Cardium flavum
L. Spgl. Red Sea = C. rugosum Lam. 1. #38
Cardium edule, Grimstad, 1.
Hullas Collected cardiids in Iceland 1867.
Hven or Hveen Danish Spelling of the Swedish
island Ven in the Øresund.
Hyg. Abbr. of Hygom.
Hygom Ship captain. Collected material for
NF c/o Japetus Steenstrup, among others in
the West Indies. Cardiid number in Mörch’s
41
accession book 1853–1861: #135 Cardium
(Trachycardium), 1/2. 1853.
Hylleberg, Jørgen (born 1935) fil. dr. marine
scientist. Collected cardiids for the ZMUC
in the Strait of Georgia, Wa. USA. 1973–74.
JH was a guest researcher at the Friday Harbor Laboratories when Dr. Henning Lemche
visited the laboratory to study nudibranchs.
Lemche requested me to collect molluscs for
the ZM since the museum only had few species from this part of the USA.
I. oc. Abbr. of Indian Ocean
I. Philp. Abbr. of the Philippines.
I. C. Abbr. not verified. Submitted cardiids to
ZM 1900.
i. e. <Latin. Abbr. of id est = that is to say.
Ic. Abbr. of “Icones …” by the British malacologist Reeve.
idem < L. meaning the same, normally printed
in italics.
ie <L. See under i.e.
Ill. Abbr. of “Conchological Illustrations…” by
Sowerby 1833–1840.
Ill. f. Abbr. of Conchological Illustrations figure.
Ind. Oc. Abbr. of Indian Ocean.
Ind. oc. See under Ind. Oc.
Ind. orient. Abbr. of East India.
Ind: occident: Abbr. of West India: Latin <
occidens: the west; derived from the setting
sun.
Ind: occidental Abbr. of West India.
Indiske ocean Danish for Indian Ocean.
Ingolf The 59 m long cruiser “Ingolf” operated
in the North Atlantic 1895–96. The work carried out is referred to as the Ingolf-expedition.
”Ingolf” sampled cardiids in Greenland and
Iceland 1895 and the Norwegian Sea 1896.
Ingolf-expedition See under Ingolf.
Ins. Abbr. of island: <Latin insula.
Ins. Philippines Abbr. of the Philippines.
Ins. Philp. Abbr. of the Philippines.
Inss. Meaning islands, but the plural form of the
Latin word insula is insulae.
Inst. Wash. Stands for Smithsonian Institution
Washington.
inter < L. meaning between
intermed. Abbr. of intermediary: < L. composed
of between and the middle.
Irland Nordic and German name for Ireland.
42
j. hylleberg
Isefjord Danish fjord in contact with Kattegat.
Isl. Abbr. of island.
Island Danish & Icelandic word = Iceland.
Isld. Abbr. of Island.
Ital. Abbr. of Italy.
Iversen Mate. Submitted shells 10 September
1871. Cardiid number in Mörch’s accession
book 1866–1872: #24 Cardium antillarum
d’Orb. Cuba.
J. Abbr. of journal.
J. C. sen. Abbr. of J.Christensen senior. Collected in Limfjorden 1896.
J. N. Abbr. not identified. Collected cardiids in
Smålandsfarvandet 1891.
Jacobsen Master at grammar school in Sorø,
Denmark. Received from ZM according to
Book of Dispatch for 10 August 1849 #18 Cardium flavum L. Spgl. C. magnum Ch. (From
the collection of Forskål).
Jacobsen Pastor, 1861. Cardiid number in
Mörch’s accession book 1853–1861: #17
Cardium fasciatum, 2.
Jacobsen, Fr. (T 316). cand. theol. He wrote
“Catalogue of my shells”. Two dates: Nordby April 1859 and Besser June 1867 (from
Samsö). Fr. Jacobsen received shells from
the museum c/o Mörch. I have not been able
to trace if Jacobsen’s shells were returned to
the museum after his death. He certainly had
much contact with the museum since he refers
to the Varg. M.U. [Musei universitatis] and
Stp. His collection of cardiids: (1) Papyridea
Sws. #1. spinosum Meusch., Antill. Solen bullatus Ch. S. soleniforme Brug. (2) Pectunculus
Adans. non Lam. (3) Cardium L. #1. costatum
L. Lm. Ch. VI. 151–152, Guinea #2. echinatum L. Lm. var. b Lm., Öresund, Hellebek.
Skagerak P.D. #3. rusticum L., M.U. Madeira
Varg. C. tuberculatum Lm. #4. multispinosum
Sow., China. (4) Cerastoderma #1. C. islandicum Ch. VI. 195. Gm. 21 #2. edule L. Gm.
20 Ch. VI. 194., Samsö. (5) Trachycardium
Yoldi Cat. #1. Isocardia L. Lm. 17, Antill.
#2. muricatum L. Lm. 18, Antill. var. [2] Lm.
#3. flavum L. (Spengl.), M.U. C. rugosum
Lm., Mare rubr. Stp. (6) Liocardium Sws. #1.
citrinum Ch. C. lævigatum Gm. 18.– Lm. 26.,
Antill. (7) Serripes Bk. #1. grönlandicum Ch.
M.U. Grønland Stp. Venus islandica Fbr. (8)
Fragum Bolt. Hemicardium Sws. #1. donaci-
forme Spgl. in Schröt. C. donaceum Spglr.
Mgr., M.U. Tranquebar. #2. medium Lm. 40,
Antill. #3. unedo L., M.U. India or. Stp. (9)
Hemicardia Kl. (no species listed).
Jan Mayen Cardiids were sampled at the Norwegian island Jan Mayen 1900.
Jb. Abbr. of Jahrbuch. German = yearly publication.
Jean The island St. Jean, the West Indies.
Jelnes, J. E. Collected cardiids in the Baltic
2002.
Jen Old spelling of the island St. Jean, the West
Indies.
Jensen Collected cardiids in Iceland 1887.
Jensen Lieutenant. See under Riise, A.H.
Jensen Worked for G.G.U. He collected cardiids
in Greenland 1906 together with Harder.
Jensen, Adolf Severin (1866–1953). Professor
of Zoology. UZM entries in a diary reports
him as graduate, collected cardiids onboard
the ship ”Michael Sars”, 1902. Subsequently
Prof. of zoology, malacologist and leader of
“Tjalfe” Expedition to Greenland. Curator
of molluscs at the museum from 1895–1917.
Retired in 1936. Collected cardiids in 1908,
1909. (Fig. 17).
Fig. 17. Adolf S. Jensen. From photo in the Steenberg Picture
Collection at ZMUC.
cardiidae in the zoological museum, copenhagen
Fig. 18. Reference to Yoldi’s cat n° 437: Hemicardium unedo
Lin. (O.G.J.) [abbreviation of O.G. Jensen]. Nicobar. At some
stage the specimen was owned by O.G.Jensen before ending
up at the ZMUC via another collection.
Jensen, E. Danish Lieutenant. Dated 30 August
1886, Mörch’s accession book 1870–1889
tells that Mr. lieutenant E. Jensen onboard
the warship ”Diana”, collected many molluscs donated to the museum, among others
cardiids. The cruise went to Iceland and the
Faroe Islands, commanded by Mr. Captain
Bonnesen. —. Dated 1 May 1888, Mörch’s
accession book 1870–1889 tells that senior
lieutenant E. Jensen was onboard the corvette
” Dagmar” in the Mediterranean. He collected
Cardium sp. at Piraeus.
Fig. 19. Cardium spinosum = C. erinaceum. Sold. Neapel
1830. I have not identified the handwriting. Some elements
point at O.G.Jensen (Fig, 18); other elements at Jonas Collin
(Fig. 8).
43
Jensen, Hj. Dated 20 September 1890 he submitted cardiids from Iceland (accession book
1889–1937): Cardium fasciatum st. 2. Cardium edule in Reikjafjord.
Jensen, K. T. A. Danish shell collector; cardiids
from Kattegat 1910–12 and from Finnmarken,
Northern Norway.
Jensen, Margit Danish zoologist. Collected
cardiids in USA 1973.
Jensen, O. G. Collected cardiids in Kattegat before 1896. He had a large mollusc collection
(Figs. 18, 19).
Jensen, Søren UZM entries in a diary mentions
him as student onboard the ship ”Antarctic”
to eastern Greenland, 1900. (“The EastGreenland Expedition” 1898–1900).
Jespersen, P. Helveg Collected cardiids in
Odense Fjord 1937.
Johansen, A. C. (1867–1931). dr. phil. Director.
UZM entries in a diary reports him as graduate, 1898; he collected cardiids in Iceland
1900. He collected cardiids onboard “Dana”
1923 and in Denmark 1914, 1924, 1925 (Fig.
20).
Fig. 20. A.C. Johansen onboard “Dana” in May 1923 (in Danish waters). Phot. by Anton Fr. Bruun. From the Steenberg
Picture Collection at ZMUC.
44
j. hylleberg
Johansen, Frits (Fritz) (1882–1957). Danish
zoologist onboard “Beskytteren” in Greenland 1905, in Iceland onboard “Beskytteren”
1904, 1905, on the “Danmark” Expedition to
Northeast Greenland 1906–08. He collected
cardiids in Greenland 1931. There is also a
record from Vancouver.
Johansen, Kirsten Submitted cardiid from Limfjorden to ZM 1995.
Johnsen, P. Zoologist. Collected cardiids in
Greenland 1947.
Johnstrup Professor, submitted shells from the
Museum of Mineralogy 1873. A collection
of marine shells belonging to A.S.Ørsted’s
”de regionibus marinis” with original labels.
Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s accession book
1870–1889: #101 Cardium edule L. – Greenland shells from H.P.C.Møller. Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s accession book 1870–1889:
#177 Cardium grønlandicum. #178 Cardium
islandicum. #179 Cardium elegantulum.
Jønsson, H. Collected cardiids in Iceland 1898.
Jordan, J. Collected cardiids in Japan 1911
(Fig. 21).
Jorden Danish word for the globe.
Jørgensen Collected cardiids in Greenland and
the Faroe Islands 1898.
Jørgensen Pastor. Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s
accession book 1840–1867, dated 27 July
1840: #30. Cardium ciliatum. #31. Cardium
grønlandicum. Collected cardiids in Greenland 1841.
Jørgensen, Harriet Donated cardiids from Sardinia 1962.
Jørgensen, L. V. Donated cardiids from Gambia
to ZMUC 1979.
Jørgensen, O. Collected cardiids in the Mediterranean, Corsica, 1898.
Fig. 21. Label by Jordan: Japan 38 J.Jordan 12/12 1911.
Fig. 22. Hector F.E. Jungersen. From photo in the Steenberg
Picture Collection at ZMUC.
Jr. Pr. Abbr. of (Zoological) Journal Proceedings
Jrn. Abbr. of journal.
Jrpr. See under Sow. Jr. Pr.
Ju. Abbr. of Jungersen on labels.
Jungersen, Hector F. E. (1854–1917). Professor
of zoology, succeeded Lütken as professor
zoologiae in 1899. Participated in the “Ingolf”
expedition 1895. (Fig. 22).
junior Immature, the same as juvenile.
Jusb. Abbr. not identified. On label by Vibe, from
Bylot Sund 1968.
Just, J. Collected cardiids in Greenland 1968.
juvenile Immature specimens also called junior
on old labels.
K. Mus. Abbr. of Konglige Museum (Royal
Museum). = Kgl. Mus. = K.M.
K. F. Possibly abbr. of museum conservator
Fagerstrøm. Collected cardiids in Øresund,
Amager, 1898.
K. St Abbr. of K. Stephensen.
K. V. zool. collection The zoological collection
of KVLH was transferred to the Zoological
Museum in 1960. See also under KVLH.
cardiidae in the zoological museum, copenhagen
Fig. 23. Beck’s handwriting ca. 1837: Kjerulf Manilla.
K. V. L. H. See under KVLH.
Kallis Collected cardiids in Iceland 1887.
Kanalen Danish for the Channel between England and France.
Kapel, H. Collected cardiids in the Persian Gulf
1960.
Kasp. Meer Abbreviated German language for
the Caspian Sea.
Kaspiske Hav Danish for the Caspian Sea.
Kentz See under Stimpson.
Kgl. Abbr. of kongelig – Danish for royal.
kgl. Abbr. of kongelig ( royal) on labels.
Kgl. Cb. Stands for Royal Cabinet.
Kgl. Museum Abbr. of “Det kongelige Museum”
– the Royal Museum.
Kgl. Museum på Rosenborg Stands for the
Royal Museum at Rosenborg Castle ca.
1800–1821.
Kgl. Vetr.- & Lbhsk. Zool. Saml. Abbr. of Kongelig Veterinær- & Landbohøjskole. ������
Zoologisk Samling [Royal Agricultural University].
Also abbreviated KVLH or KV.
Kiel 1846 (T. 310). King CVIII submitted shells
to a German natural scientist meeting in Kiel
1846. Part of the exhibited shells were badly
treated after they were returned to Denmark. In
a letter to ZM from C.G.Johs.Petersen, dated
19 Nov. 1887, he complained that gastropods
stored on the loft of the Zoological Museum in
n° 54 were very dusty and had suffered much
damage by being moved about over the years.
See also under Greenland collection.
Kinberg Collected cardiids in Sweden and Brittan before 1848.
King’s Museum See under Det kongelige natur-
45
historiske Museum and KM.
Kirkland, Reynold J. dr. Grand Rapids Michigan USA. Dated 9. June 1897 he received
molluscs from Greenland. According to the
dispatch book 1890–1921: #8 Cardium elegantulum Greenland. #9 Cardium ciliatum
Greenland #10 Cardium (Serripes) grönlandicum Greenland.
kischrot Beck’s spelling of German kirschrot =
cherry red.
Kjær Løjtnant (Military officer). Collected cardiids in Venezuela and former Danish West
Indies 1897. UZM entries in a diary reports
him as lieutenant, West Indies, 1898.
Kjærbølling Harbour inspector. Collected cardiids 1847.
Kjærulf dr. med. Collected cardiids in the Philippines for CVIII. Submitted shells in 1837.
Cardiid numbers in Beck’s accession catalogue 1837–39: #30 Cardium cardissa. #31
Cardium aff. junoniae. #22 Cardium unedo.
(Fig. 23).
Kjærulph Alternative spelling. See under
Kjærulf.
Kjerulf Alternative spelling. See under
Kjærulf.
Kjøbenhavn Old Danish spelling of Copenhagen.
Kjöbenhavn Old spelling of København = Copenhagen.
kjøbt Danish word for purchased. Used on old
labels by Mörch.
Kl. Abbr. of Klein.
Klein, J. T. Pre-Linnean naturalist. His publication from 1753 rejected for nomenclatorial
purposes.
KM or K. M. Stands for the Royal Natural History Museum (Det kongelige naturhistoriske
Museum) moved to Count Holstein’s Mansion
(Det Holstein’ske Palæ) in 1821. It was an independent Government institution. Johannes
H. Reinhart was chief inspector. Specimens
from the abolished Kunstkammer and Spengler’s shell collection were transferred to KM.
The period of activity was from 1821–1864.
By law the KM fused with the other natural
history museums in Copenhagen in 1862.
Two years later the construction of the new
Zoological Museum in Krystalgade began.
See also under ZM and G. Wad.
46
j. hylleberg
Fig. 24. Copper of the Kommunitet Building on Nørregade
10 belonging to the University of Copenhagen. After Wolff
1979.
KNM Abbr. of the Royal Natural History Museum. Mörch referred to “Det Kongelige
Naturhistoriske Museum” in the so-called
Opstillings-Catalog, i.e. Catalogue showing
molluscs in the Royal Natural History Museum. Spengler’s name added in pencil to the
title of the catalogue.
Knudsen, Jørgen (1918–present). dr. phil. Mal����
acologist at ZMUC from 1941. Participated in
the “Atlantide” Expedition 1945–46 and the
Galathea Expedition 1950–52. Collected and
identified cardiids from West Africa, Gambia,
and Vietnam for the museum.
Kob. Abbr. of Kobelt, W. “Ilustriertes Conchylienbuch” 1878.
København Danish language for Copenhagen.
Københavns Universitets zoologiske Museum
Abbreviated ZMUC = Zoological Museum
of the University of Copenhagen. Collections
from the old Zoological Museum in Krystalgade were transferred to the new museum
in Universitetsparken 1963. The name was
changed in 2006 to “Statens naturhistoriske
Museum”.
Koch, H. Lieutenant. Collected cardiids in the
former Danish West Indies 1865. Collected
shells onboard the frigate ”Tordenskiold”
cruising East Asiatic seas, submitted 1 March
1872. Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s accession
book 1866–1872: #38 Cardium from Hong
Kong. #56 Cardium glaucum Brug. Tims ah
Lake in the Suez Canal.
Kolding Latinskole Grammar school in Kolding, Denmark. The school received shells
from ZM c/o Master at grammar school (Adj.)
Jonstrup, according to Book of Dispatch September 1849. #20 Cardium isocardia L. 1. #21
Cardium serratum (laevigatum Ch.), 1. #22
Cardium medium L. 1.
Kolman, J. G. Dutch zoologist. Studied cardiids
at ZM.
Kom. f. Havunders. = Kommiss. f. Havunders.
Collected cardiids in Limfjorden.
Kommiss. f. Havunders. Abbr. of Kommissionen for Havundersøgelser = Commission
for Investigations of the Sea. The commission
was formed in 1902 to conduct the Danish
tasks within the Permanent International
Council for the Exploration of the Sea.
Kommunitet Part of the university building
complex. See under Nørregade 10. The Kommunitet is a scholarship foundation of the
University of Copenhagen housed in a long
building facing Nørregade. During the bombardment of Copenhagen in 1807 the university was destroyed except the Kommunitet’s
building and two smaller houses in the university yard. (Fig. 24).
Kongelige Danish for royal.
Kongens Nytorv 4, Thotts Palæ The open space
called Kongens Nytorv in inner Copenhagen
was baptised The King’s New Square in 1669.
A number of large buildings were constructed
along the periphery of the square. The Thott’s
mansion was constructed 1683 and rebuilt
1763–64. Otto Thott (1703–1785) was a passionate collector of books, works of art, and
naturalia. Later the mansion accommodated
the Museum of the Danish Society of Natural
History (Naturhistorisk Forenings Museum)
from 1833–1847. Today it houses the Embassy of France.
Konstk. Abbr. of Konstkammer, old spelling of
Kunstkammer. See under Frederik II.
Konsul Danish word for Consul.
Koolman, J. G. Dutch zoologist who studied
cardiids at ZM.
Kornerup cand. polyt. Technological University,
Copenhagen. Collected shells at a clay slope in
the northern area of Strømfjord, Greenland, 6
m above sea level Aug. 1879. No number in
Mörch’s accession book 1870–1889: Cardium
cardiidae in the zoological museum, copenhagen
ciliatum Fabr.
Kr. Abbr. not identified, but reference to Yoldi
426 indicates a collection after 1853, the year
Mörch issued his Yoldi auction catalogue.
Krabbe, Harald (1831–1917) Zoologist, dr.
med. 1857. �������������������������������
Assistant at KVLH in 1858, professor in 1892. Collected cardiids in East- and
West India.
Kraeuter, J. Collected cardiids at Sapelo Island
& the Atlantic, USA 1971.
Krafft dr. Provided fossils from Bohemia (Böhmen) 26 Oct. 1865. Cardiid numbers in
Mörch’s accession book 1840–1867: #60.
Cardium. Prag E.
Kramp, Paul L. (1887–1975). Marine zoologist,
dr. phil. Collected cardiids in Lillebælt 1916
and the Faroe Islands 1926.
Krantz, K. In Berlin. See under Hofman-Bang.
Krantz dr. German paleontologist, Bonn. Pro����
vided fossil cardiids to ZM.
Krebs, H. C. Danish business man and consul
in St. Thomas.
Krebs, Henrik Johannes (1821–1907) Danish
business man and consul in St. Thomas, former Danish West Indies. Graduate in zoology.
Collected cardiids in the Danish West Indies
1835. He had a large collection, which included shells donated to him by the Zoological
Museum in 1849 c/o Mörch. Cardiid numbers
in Mörch’s accession book 1853–1861: #117
Cardium muricatum, 2/2. #117 Cardium muricatum, 2/2. – Consul Krebs West Indies 1862.
Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s accession book
1840–1867: #9. Cardium antillarum d’Orb.
#10. Cardium lævigatum C. mortoni aff. C.
pristis Val. – Cardiids received from ZM according to Book of Dispatch #48 Cardium
elegantulum Bk. 4. #96 Cardium flavum L.
– Book of Dispatch 29 November 1849 #31.
Cardium groenlandicum Ch. 1. #32 Cardium
islandicum Ch. 2. #34 Cardium elegantulum
Beck, 1. #54 Cardium edule, Grimstad, 1. #69
Cardium flavum L. (from the Red Sea collected by Forskål). – Krebs lived in Allinge,
Denmark in 1872. The museum received
shells from St. Thomas. Cardiid number in
Mörch’s accession book 1866–1872: #84
Cardium muricatum. #325 Cardium mortoni
Conr. – The museum received a box from
Consul Krebs with shells from St. Martin
47
Fig. 25. H.C. Krebs. From copy of photo in the Steenberg
Picture Collection at ZMUC.
1876. Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s accession
book 1870–1889: #999 Cardium ringiculum
Sow. #1000 Cardium spinosum Meusch.
#1001 Cardium citrinum Chem jun?. #1002
Cardium medium L. #1003 Cardium muricatum L. #1048 Cardium spinosum Meuschen.
(Fig. 25).
Kristensen, Thomas K. Donated cardiids from
Gambia to ZMUC 1982.
Kristineberg Old marine research facility on
the west coast of Sweden. Dansk Biologisk Station collected cardiids in Sweden at
the Kristineberg Marine Zoological Station
1914.
Kroier, H. Graduate. Donated shells from Spitsbergen November 1839. Cardiid numbers in
Beck’s accession catalogue 1837–39: #15
Cardium an n.sp. (an var. groenlandicum). #16
Cardium islandicum Ch. 1.
Kroyer Collected cardiids in Trondheim, Norway before 1848.
48
j. hylleberg
Krøyer, Henrik (1799–1870). dr. phil. Museum
inspector, Director, Naturhistorisk Forenings
Museum 1835–36, 1840–41, 1842–47, KM
inspector 1842–64. Collected cardiids in the
North Sea, Denmark, Participated in the “Bellona” expedition to South America. 1840–41.
Collected cardiids in Brazil. Active in KM
from 1842. Collected alcohol specimens for
CVIII. See under Mörch 1858–59. According
to Mörch 1840–66, H.Krøyer checked cardiids in 1860 brought home by dr. Krøyer from
the Frigate Bellona’s cruise. # 133. Cardium
muricatum Linn. Brasil (from T 278).
Kruuse Collected cardiids in Greenland 1897
and 1907.
Kryn. Abbr. of Krynicki. Submitted cardiids
1837.
Krynicki, A. J. Russian naturalist. Published
“Conchilien tam terrestris ...” 1837.
Krystalgade 25–27 Following the fusion of
the existing museums (law passed in 1862),
construction of a grand Zoological Museum
started in 1864 in Krystalgade next to the
University Library and the University Main
Building. The architect Chr. Hansen created
an innovative and ground breaking design for
the construction of museum buildings serving
display of natural history items. The building is still existing but is no longer museum.
(Fig. 26).
Kuf. Abbr. of Kjærulf.
Kunstk. Abbr. of Kunstkammer.
Kunstkamm. Abbr. of Kunstkammer.
Kunstkammer In 1650, inspired by Ole Worm,
the King Frederik III organised a collection
named ”Det kongelige Kunstkammer or Museum Regium”. It was located in the Castle
of Copenhagen (Københavns Slot, the first
Christiansborg). Years of important events:
– 1655 King Frederik III purchased the collection of Ole Worm and a book describing
the collection was issued “Musei Wormiani
Historia”. Worm’s collection was incorporated together with other curiosa in Kunstkammeret. – 1665–70 a new building called
Kunstkammer-bygningen was constructed
close to the castle on Slotsholmen. The Royal
Art Collection encompassing natural history
objects moved to this building. – 1728 Copenhagen experienced a major fire destroying
a large part of the city, but the Kunstkammer survived without harm. – 1775 Lorenz
Spengler was appointed manager (kunstkammerforvalter) of the cabinet of curiosities. He
filled that position until 1807. – 1794 the castle
Christiansborg burnt down, but as in 1728 the
Kunstkammer survived without harm. – 1821
the zoological collections of the cabinet of
curiosities amalgamated with collections from
”Det kongelige naturhistoriske Museum”. See
also under Frederik III.
KVL Identical with KVLH.
KVLH Abbr. of Kgl. Veterinær- & Landbohøjskole [Royal Agricultural University].
The school was established in Frederiksberg
1856 and inaugurated 1858. At that time Frederiksberg was a rural suburb to Copenhagen.
Today the two areas are amalgamated.
KVLH label In 1960 the cardiid collection was
transferred to ZMUC from the KVLH. Most
specimens have original labels. In addition the
specimens were provided with small labels:
Kgl. Vetr.- & Lbhsk. Zool. Saml. (printed on
Fig. 26. The first building to the right is part of Kommunitetet.
The second building is the Zoological Museum in Krystalgade around 1900. After photo in Wolff 1999.
Fig. 27. KVLH label attached with all cardiids transferred
from the Royal Agricultural University Zoological Collection to ZM.
cardiidae in the zoological museum, copenhagen
top) and J. 1/1960 (handwritten). I have not
located this journal (Fig. 27).
kvm Abbr. of kvartmil = nautical mile.
kvml Abbr. of kvartmil = nautical mile.
Kysten Danish word for the coast.
L&R see under L+R
L. Abbr. of Linnaeus or Linné.
l.c. < L. Abbr. of: loco citato = previously cited.
l’orient French language: Stands for eastern
Asia.
L+R Abbr. of left and right valves.
la Gaayra Only information on label written
before 1848. It may be a person or a locality
in the Antilles.
labels See under Beck, Galathea, Mörch, Posselt,
Spengler, Schumacher, ZM, Steenberg, and
KVLH labels.
læv. Abbr. of < L. levis = smooth. On label by
Mörch.
lagt Danish word meaning placed or put.
Laing, de la Groom of the Chamber. Cardiid
numbers 1865 in Mörch’s accession book
1840–1867: #8. Cardium Grgr. #9. Cardium
Grgr. #8. Cardium Malta. #147. Cardium
papillosum.
Lamarck, J. B. (1744–1828). French naturalist.
Cardiids were described in “Histoire naturelle
des animaux sans vertèbres” 1798.
lambda The 11 th letter of the Greek alphabet.
Lamck: Terminated with a colon. Abbr. of Lamarck.
Laminaria Genus of brown algae.
Lamk. Abbr. of Lamarck.
Landau. Abbr. of Landauer.
Landauer Hessen, Cassel, Germany. Received
cardiids from ZM according to Book of Dispatch #71 Cardium ciliatum, 1. – Donated cardiids to the Museum ca. 1862. Cardiid numbers
in Mörch’s accession book 1840–1867: #194.
Cardium tenuisulcatum Nyst. #195. Cardium
tenuisulcatum Nyst. #196. Cardium.
Lange Lecturer. Collected in Spain, the Bay of
Biscay, Vigo and Ferrol. Cardiid number in
Mörch’s accession book 1853–1861: #11a
Cardium echinatum.
Larsen Collected cardiids at Gibraltar.
Larsen, G. Collected cardiids at Eburna (not
located) 1877.
Larsen, Knud Collected cardiids in Denmark
1936.
49
Lassen, N. Chr. N. Master at grammar school.
Collection left by deceased Sept. 1857. Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s accession book
1840–1867: #130. Cardium ciliatum Fab.
#131. Cardium ciliatum jun. #132. Cardium
elegantulum Bk. #133. Cardium elegantulum. #134. Cardium elegantulum. #135. Cardium grønlandicum juv. 3+5. #136. Cardium
grønlandicum. #683. Cardium edule. #684.
Cardium edule. #732. wet. Cardium ciliatum
Fab. d. Dr. Pingel. #733. wet. grønlandicum
juv. 1. Dr. Pingel.
Lav. Abbr. not identified. On label with ref. to
Danish West Indies.
lc. See under l.c.
Ldbk. Abbr. of Lundbeck on labels.
Lea Philadelphia. Submitted cardiids to His
Royal Highness on 7 February 1839: 2. Card.
maculata. 2. Card. mortoni.
Lea, Isac (1792–1886) American malacologist.
His brother was Thomas Gibson Lea (1785–
1844), also a malacologist.
Lectotype A single specimen selected from
syntypes of a previously described species.
Equivalent of holotype.
Leg. Abbr. of < L. legit on labels. Inflected form
of lego = collected by.
Lehmann, M. C. G. (1775–1856). Judge (Assessor, obsolete Danish title). Active in the
Management of KM from 1808–51.
Lemche, Henning M. (1904–1977). dr. phil.
Malacologist and curator of Mollusca at the
Zoological Museum. He collected cardiids in
many countries. He reorganised the collection
after it was moved from the old ZM in Krystalgade to the new ZM in Universitetsparken.
Unfortunately he often pooled species with
different history in the same box. Lemche
cut the edges of old labels so they could fit
into new boxes he had designed for the collection.
leveAnten See under leveanten.
leveanten The Levant (Levanten) derived from
Italian sunrise. Seas east of the Mediterranean.
Levinsen, G. M. R. (1850–1914). Museum
in­­spector. He wrote some entries for the accession book 1889–1937, e.g. 26 February
1896.
Levy See under Lewy.
50
j. hylleberg
Lewy Professor. Submitted shells from Exp. de la
Venus 1839. Identified cardiids from Mexico
1839. Collected cardiids in Bai de la Madeleine. Cardiid number in Mörch’s accession
book 1846–1853: #39 Cardium procerum,
Exp. de la Venus 1839.
li. Abbr. of litra = number
Lib. Latin <Abbr. of libri = book. Ref. to Lister
1687.
Liebmann, F.M. (1813–1856). Danish malacologist. Professor of botany at KU. Director of NF 1848–56. Submitted a collection
of Mexican shells to ZM. Mörch, 1840–66
entered “Liebmanniana” dated 20 June 1859:
Liebmann’s Mexican shells were submitted
1842–45. Mörch refers to # 337. Cardium
isocardia L. Vera Cruz Ratsach d. n. 230
Card. #338 Cardium muricatum L. juv. d. n
237 Cardium? # 339 Cardium muricatum.
#340 Cardium (Liocardium) N. 221 Antigua
(from T 278).
Lightfoot, John (1735–1788). Britsh Reverend.
Identified cardiids for the Portland Catalogue.
Lillebælt The Little Belt between Funen and
Jutland connects the Baltic with the Kattegat.
Limburg, Duche de. Duke. See under Wroblewsky.
Lin: or Lin. Abbr. of Linnaeus, 1758
Lindholm, M. Collected cardiids in Barbados
1976.
Linnæi Alternative mode of Linnaeus, 1758
List. Reference to Lister 1687 plate 337 (showing Venus tigerina).
Lister, Martin (1638–1711 or 1639–1712).
British malacologist. Published “Historiae
conchyliorum” 1685–1692.
Lithothamnion Genus of coralline algae.
Lm. Abbr. of Lamarck.
Lmck. Abbr. of Lamarck.
Lmk. Abbr. of Lamarck.
Ln. Abbr. of Linnaeus or Linné.
Loc. Abbreviated Latin = locality.
Lond. Abbr. of London used by H.Beck 1839.
Londini Latin for London on labels by Beck.
Løppenthin, B. Collected cardiids onboard the
”Godthaab” Expedition, Greenland 1930. He
collected cardiids in the Persian Gulf 1938.
Løppenthin’s catalogue 1938. The catalogue
of Løppenthin’s quantitative samples from
st. 64–133 collected in the Persian Gulf, is
available at the ZMUC. He noted the number
of 0.1 square m grab samples per station, preliminary identifications, and the wet weight
of the animals with preliminary id’s. Subsequent identifications were later added to the
catalogue.
Lovén, Sven Ludvig (1809–1895). Swedish
malacologist.
Löwr. Abbr. not identified. Collected cardiids in
Kattegat 1879.
Ltk. See under Lütken. Used on labels by
Mörch.
Ltn. Abbr. of lieutenant
Luc, De Mr. Geneva. Donation dated 29 September 1842 through the Museum of Mineralogy.
Cardiid number in Mörch’s accession book
1840–1867: #27. Cardium alatum. Du Mont
Saleve 1.
Lud. Abbr. of Ludvigsen.
Ludvigsen Collected cardiids in China/Japan
1834.
Lund Grace R. Collected cardiids in Bahrain
after 1960.
Lund, B. Collected cardiids in former Danish
West Indies before 1917.
Lund, Niels Tønder (1749–1809). Deputy of
exchequer, active in Naturhistorie-Selskabet
1789–1805.
Lund, P. W. (1801–1880). dr. phil. He donated
a rich collections of Brazilian fossils to the
Danish State c/o CVIII. The donation became
a special section of Det kgl. naturhistoriske
Museum, and the State committed itself to
finance an inspector of this collection (see
under Reinhardt, J.T.). Museum Lundii or Det
Lund’ske palæontologiske Museum (Lund’s
Paleontological Museum).
Lund, V. Identical with P.W. Lund who collected
cardiids for CVIII in Brazil.
Lundbeck, William (1863–1941). Graduated
1895. Museum inspector, director. He collected cardiids in Greenland 1892 and Iceland 1893; participated in the “Ingolf” expedition 1895. Dated 27 September 1892
he submitted cardiids collected at Iceland
and the Faroe Islands. He was onboard the
fishing vessel ”Prinsesse Marie”, a Danish
purseiner. Cardiid numbers in the accession
book 1889–1937: #71 Cardium ciliatum.
cardiidae in the zoological museum, copenhagen
Dyrefjord. #72 Cardium ciliatum. Dyrefjord. #73 Cardium fasciatum. Dyrefjord.
#74 Cardium groenlandicum. Onundarfjord.
#75 Cardium groenlandicum. Patricksfjord.
#76 Cardium groenlandicum. Dyrefjord. #77
Cardium groenlandicum. Onundarfjord 12
Fv. – Dated 25 August 1894 he submitted cardiids from the West coast of Iceland, He was
onboard the fishing vessel ”Prinsesse Marie”
according to accession book 1889–1937:
#21 Cardium fasciatum, Falknafjord N46.
#22 Cardium fasciatum, Onundarfjord, n.2–3.
#23 Cardium ciliatum, Falknafjord N46. #24
Cardium ciliatum, Onundarfjord N9. #25
Cardium ciliatum, Onundarfjord N5. #26
Cardium ciliatum, Falknafjord N43. #27 Cardium groenlandicum. Falknafjord N46. #28
Cardium groenlandicum. Onundarfjord N30.
#29 Cardium groenlandicum. Onundarfjord
N25. #30 Cardium groenlandicum. Onundarfjord N5-18. #31 Cardium groenlandicum.
Onundarfjord N8.
lunular heart See under lunule.
lunule A crescentic structure on anterior part of
dorsal margin.
Lusitania An ancient name for Portugal.
Lütk. Abbr. of Lütken.
Lütken, Chr. Frederik (1827–1901). Professor
zoologiae. Dated 30 August 1873, he submitted shells to the museum. No number in
Mörch’s accession book 1870–1889: Cardium
edule var. baltica. Roskildefjord. – He succeeded Steenstrup as professor zoologiae in
1885. The different museum collections in Copenhagen fused by law (see under Naturhistorisk Museum). Lütken became inspector of the
new museum. As university lecturer (docent),
he collected at Hellebæk, 10–14 fathoms.
Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s accession book
1853–1861: #66 Cardium echinatum, 2 +1, in
alcohol. #67 Cardium fasciatum, 2+1, 2 +1, in
alcohol. #79 Cardium ciliatum L 4, dry shells.
#80 Cardium fasciatum Mtg. 3, dry shells. #81
Cardium nodosum Mtg. 1, dry shells. – Danish molluscs from Hellebæk and Samsø: #24
Cardium ciliatum L. 1+4. #233 Cardium echinatum, juv. Hlb. 3. #234 Cardium echinatum,
10–12 fv Hlb, 1. #235 Cardium fasciatum,
Hlb, 2. #236 Cardium fasciatum, Samsø 3+3.
LV. Abbr. of left valve.
51
Lydecken, I. Collected cardiids on Åland, Finland, 1899.
Lyell, Charles (1795–1875) British malacologist. Submitted cardiids from Canada to CVIII
before 1848.
Lynch Collected cardiids as participant in the
Ocean Study Group 1971.
Lyngby Collected alcohol specimens for CVIII.
See under Mörch 1858–59.
Lynge, Herman (1862–1945). UZM entries in a
diary reports him as book seller, Copenhagen.
He received Mortensen’s Siam molluscs 11
May 1901. He identified the specimens. He
had a large collection, which included shells
donated to him by the Zoological Museum c/o
Mörch. See also under Collin’s collection.
M et Ch. Abbr. of Martini & Chemnitz: Neues
systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet 1769–
1795.
M I oc. Abbr. of Mare India oceanus.
m m Abbr. of Mittelmeer = The Mediterranean.
M Moltk. Abbr. of Moltke’s Museum.
M rub. The Red Sea. L< mare = sea; rubrum
= red.
M. & St. Abbr. of Melvill & Standen.
m. Abbr. of < L. meus = mine. Refers to authorship, e.g. species named by Schumacher (used
at the end of text on specimen labels). The
French malacologist Bruguière used Nob.
(Latin nobilis = recognised) to designate species described by him. Schumacher also used
m: followed by a reference to Plate and Figure.
In this case m: refers to in Martini (See under
Chemnitz 1782 and under Schumacher).
Fig. 28. Label by Beck: Cardium muricatum Linn Lmck:
n° 18. Chemn. 7 f. 177. Mus: acad: (Mörch added the letter
Greek letter delta in pencil).
52
j. hylleberg
M. ac. See under M. acad.
M. acad. Abbr. of the Academic Museum. See
under Moltke. (Fig. 28).
m. adr. The Adriatic Sea. See under m. Adriaticum.
m. adriat. The Adriatic Sea. See under m. Adriaticum.
m. Adriaticum The Adriatic Sea. L< mare = sea;
Hadria a town in Italy.
M. Berl. Abbr. of Museum in Berlin. Exchange
of cardiids c/o NF 1866.
M. casp. The Caspian Sea. See under M. Caspium.
M. Casp. The Caspian Sea. See under M. Caspium.
M. Caspium The Caspian Sea. L< mare = sea;
Caspian: a name.
M. Ch. Abbr. of Martini & Chemnitz.
M. Ch. Stands for the museum of Chemnitz.
M. german The North Sea. L< mare = sea; germania = Germany.
m. m. The Mediterranean. See under M. mediterraneum.
M. med. The Mediterranean. See under M.
mediterraneum.
M. medit. The Mediterranean. See under M.
mediterraneum.
M. mediter. The Mediterranean. See under M.
mediterraneum.
M. mediterraneum The Mediterranean. L<
mare = sea; mediterraneum = in the middle.
M. Min. Abbr. of Mineralogisk Museum.
M. min. Abbr. of Mineralogisk Museum.
M. Moltk. Abbr. of Moltke’s Museum.
M. Moltke Abbr. of Moltke’s Museum.
M. reg. Abbr. of Museum regium.
m. rub. The Red Sea. L< mare = sea; rubrum
= red.
M. rubr. The Red Sea. L< mare = sea; rubrum =
red. Abbr. on labels by Beck and Mørch.
M. Sp. Stands for the museum of Spengler.
M. zt. Berol. Stands for the Zootomical Museum
in Berlin, Germany.
m., M. Latin < Abbr. of mare = sea.
M. P. Abbr. of the Museum in Paris.
M. U. Abbr. of Musei universitatis = University
Museum in Copenhagen.
M: Abbr. of Martini. See under M et Ch.
M: ac. Terminating with a colon. See under M.
acad.
M: acad: Abbr. of Academic Museum in Copenhagen.
M: casp: The Caspian Sea. L< mare = sea; Caspian: a name.
m: terminated with a colon. Latin < Abbr. of
meus. See under Schumacher’s label.
MacAndrew See under McAndrew.
MacGinitie, George Eber (1889–1989) American malacologist. Donated shells from Alaska
1948.
Madsen, A. P. Captain. See under Museet for
Oldsager.
Madsen, H. P. Pharmacist. Donated shells from
Odessa 1875. Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s
accession book 1870–1889: #24 Cardium
edule. #25 Cardium glaucum. #26 Cardium
exiguum Gm.
Madsen, Holger Danish zoologist. Donated
cardiids from Tunesia to ZM 1970.
Madsen, Ida Møhl Donated cardiids from Gambia 1973.
Madsen, Ruth Collected cardiids in the Caribbean 1959.
Madsen, Victor Collected cardiids on Åland, the
Baltic 1891 & 1915.
Mag. Abbr. of store room (magazine).
Magaz. KM Abbr. of Magazin Kongens Museum. See under Magazine collections.
Magazin collections Specimens from Det kongelige naturhistoriske Museum were stored
for a period following difficulties regarding
economy and housing. When shells were
removed from the store, Mörch would write
new labels indicating if shells came from the
Magazine. If he identified them as coming
from Det kongelige naturhistoriske Museum,
he added KM in pencil. In August 1860, Professor Reinhardt delivered a box he found in
the Magazine. It contained Icelandic shells
from Mr. Hallgrimson. Cardiid numbers in
Mörch’s accession book 1840–1867: #57.
Cardium ciliatum Fabr. #58. Cardium. Rkvk.
40–41. (Fig. 29).
Magazine Catalogue 1829 (T 274). Shells from
“Kunstkammeret”, transferred to Det Kongelige Naturhistoriske Museum, were stored in a
magazine while the University of Copenhagen
was rebuilt following the British bombardment in 1807. H.Beck & J.Reinhardt signed
the catalogue on 13 June 1829. The sequence
cardiidae in the zoological museum, copenhagen
of information (not all information indicated
for each species): running number (#), species,
markings, and remarks. #45 Cardium costatum, marking 662, NB two unpaired valves. <
Cardium costatum, marking 93. < Cardium
costatum, marking 480. #46 Card. apertum,
marking 28+. #47 Card. unedo, marking 42.
#48 Card. cardissa. marking 12. #49 Card.
hemicardium, marking 44. #50 Card. fragum,
marking 43. #51 Cardium sp. marking 41. #52
Cardium muricatum, marking 46. #53 Card.
bullatum, marking K+.
Magz. Abbr. of store room (magazine).
Makasser Old name for the Indonesian city
Ujung Pandang now called Makassar again.
malacologist Person who works with malacology, i.e. the branch of zoology that treats
molluscs.
Malm, A. W. Accession book. Dated 3 November 1863 he sent shells to the Kongl. Universit.
Zoologiske Museum in Copenhagen as a gift
from the Museum in Gothenburg, Sweden.
Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s accession book
1840–1867: #157. Cardium pygmæum Don.
#158. Cardium nodosum Turt. #159. Cardium
fasciatum. #160. Cardium suecicum. – Dispatch book. He received a shell collection.
Cardiid number in Mörch’s dispatch book
1857–1868: #75 Cardium flavum.
Malm, A. W. See under Tornam, A.
Malsb. Abbr. of Malsburg.
Malsburg German malacologist. His collection
was sold in 1837. He supplied cardiids for
CVIII.
Fig. 29. Mörch’s label: Cardium/Trachycardium muricatum
L. Magaz. Mörch added KM and the Greek letter lambda
in pencil.
53
Mandal-Barth Danish zoologist who collected
cardiids in the Øresund, Charlottelund, 1960.
Manh Senior lieutenant. Cardiid number in
Mörch’s accession book 1840–1867: #7. Cardium edule. Tokkebjerg, 8.5 fathoms, rocks.
31 October 1863.
Manniche, A. L. V. Zoologist on “Danmark Expedition” to Northeast Greenland 1906–08.
Mar. Casp. Stands for Caspian Sea.
Mar. casp. Stands for Caspian Sea.
Mar. europ. Stands for European seas.
Mare Europ. Stands for European seas.
Margrethe The vessel “Margrethe” was used
to collect material at the Faroe Islands, North
Atlantic, 1913.
Mark The old Danish and German currency
called Mark is abbreviated with a symbol.
See under “a”.
Marokko Danish language for Morocco.
Mart. & Ch. Abbr. of Martini & Chemnitz:
Neues systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet
1769–1795 rejected for nomenclatorial purposes.
Martens, Karl Eduard von (1831–1904) German malacologist. ZM received shells from
the ” kgl. Univ. Zoologiske Museum in Berlin”. Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s accession
book 1840–1867: #45. Cardium lima Singapore (Fig. 30).
Martyn Reference to “The universal Conchologist” 1784, rejected for nomenclatorial purposes.
Martyni See under Martyn.
Mathies. See under Mathiesen.
Mathiesen Danish ship doctor onboard the corvette “Valkyrien” c/o Inspector Reinhart. Collected cardiids for NF c/o Japetus Steenstrup.
Donated shells c/o Dr. Rink, 12 January 1848.
Cardiid number in Mörch’s accession book
1846–1853: #79 Cardium, 1. – Mörch’s cat.
#79 is from the period when J.T. Reinhardt
was inspector at KM.
Matsui Collected cardiids in the Gulf of Thailand
1960.
Mc. Abbr. not identified. It is possibly a slip for
McAndrew. Collected cardiids in China.
Mc.Andr. Abbr. of McAndrew. He collected
cardiids in Norway 1865.
McAndrew, Robert. (1802–1873) British naturalist. Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s accession
54
j. hylleberg
Fig. 30. The German professor E. von Martens submitted
cardiids to ZM from the Univ. Zoological Museum in Berlin.
After photo in the Steenberg Picture Collection at ZMUC.
book 1840–1867: #35 Cardium fasciatum.
#36 Cardium nodulosum. #37 Cardium svecicum. #55 ?Cardium norvegicum. #59 Cardium
crassum med. #245 Cardium (Hemicardium)
? Siam.
M-Ch. Abbr. of Martini & Chemnitz.: Neues systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet 1769–1795
rejected for nomenclatorial purposes.
med. Medium quality of illustration. Used on
labels.
Meder v. Donated cardiids from the Moluccas.
Collected cardiids in China.
Meg. Abbr. of Megerle 1811.
Meiborg See under Mejborg.
Mejborg. The museum received Danish shells
22 September 1870. Cardiid numbers in
Mörch’s accession book 1866–1872: #14 Cardium echinatum L. thick shelled. #15 Cardium
norvegicum Spgl. #16 Cardium edule L.
mellem Danish word for between.
Melv. Abbr. of Melvill referring to Melvill &
Standen 1906.
Messin Abbr. of Messina, Sicily.
Meu. Abbr. of Meuschen.
Meusch. Abbr. of Meuschen.
Meuschen, F. C. (1719–1800) Dutch malacologist. Published “Zoophylacium Gronovianum” 1778 rejected for nomenclatorial
purposes.
Meyer & Möbius The museum received a shell
collection from dr. H.Meyer & dr. K.Möbius,
Hamburg, Germany, Jan. 1867. Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s accession book 1866–1872:
#39 Cardium edule L. Kieler Bucht. #40
Cardium fasciatum Mtg. In alcohol, Kieler
Bucht. #41 Cardium fasciatum jun.? in alcohol, Kieler Bucht. #42 Cardium edule L.
jun. Kieler Bucht #43 Cardium pygmæum
Gm. C. pygmæum ?Svendborgsund. #44 nr?
Hela Bucht, Ostpreussen (East Prussia), by
A.Hensche.
Meyer, H. Adolf (1822–1889). German malacologist (T 278). According to Beck 1836
N° 3: From Meyer in Hamburg received in
exchange #14 Cardium n. sp. e Japan.
Meyer, Th. Mrc. Andr. College councellor (Collegieraad, obsolete title). Collected cardiids
in Kattegat 1853. Shells collected at Hirtsholmen off Frederikshavn, Denmark, June 1859.
Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s accession book
1846–1853: #5 Cardium norvegicum. #6 Cardium edule, 3. #7 Cardium echinatum, 2/2.
Meyr. Abbr. of H.Meyer.
mgr. Abbr. of the Danish word “monografi” with
ref. to Spengler 1799.
Mgz Abbr. of magazine.
Mid. Hav. Abbr. of Middel Havet = the Mediterranean.
Midd. See under Middendorff.
Middelh. Abbr. of Middelhavet = the Mediterranean.
Middelhavet Danish = the Mediterranean
Midden. Abbr. of Middendorff.
Middend. See under Middendorff.
Middendorff dr. He was passing through Copenhagen from St. Petersburg in 1846. He
gave the Museum a collection of lymnocardiids from the Caspian Sea in exchange for
Danica and Grønlandica, which Mörch gave
him from his own collection. Cardiid numbers
in Mörch’s accession book 1846–1853: #1
Cardium trigonoides = C. rusticum. M.Casp.
cardiidae in the zoological museum, copenhagen
#2 Glycimeris plicata Pander, M.Casp. #3
Glycimeris laevigata Kryn. M.Casp. One
valve was slightly damaged.
Mielche, Sol Collected cardiids in the Pacific,
Tonga Isl. 1956.
mil A Danish mile is approximately 7.5 km.
Miller, L. Donated cardiids from Australia.
Min. Mus. Abbr. of Museum of Mineralogy,
Copenhagen.
Mineralogisk Museum. Danish for Museum of
Mineralogy. See under Johnstrup, professor.
Mittell: Meer: Terminating with colons. See
under Mittelland meere.
Mittelland meere Old German language. = seas
of Mediterranean countries.
Mittellant meere See under Mittelland meere.
Mittelmeer German = The Mediterranean.
Mke. See under Moltke, A.G.
Möb. Abbr. of Möbius on labels by Mörch.
Möbius Collected cardiids in Denmark 1867.
Møl See under Møller, H.P.C.
Møll. Sml. Abbr. of Møllers Samling (Møller’s
collection), which included cardiids from
the Small Antilles. See under Møller, H.P.C.
(Fig. 31).
Møll: Abbr. of Møller. Used on labels by by
Beck and in the old ZM catalogues. See under
Møll. Sml.
Møll: Saml: Terminating with colons. See under
Møll. Sml.
Møller Collected cardiids in Greenland 1787.
Møller Collected cardiids in Iceland before
1896.
Fig. 31. Label by Beck: Cardium medium Linn. Lmck: n°
40. Chemn 6. f. 162-164. Møll: Sml: [= Møller’s collection]. Both Beck and Mörch wrote labels for cardiids of the
Møller’s collection.
55
Møller Mr., Øfjord, Iceland. The museum received shells 4 December 1869. Cardiid number in Mörch’s accession book 1866–1872:
#4. Cardium ciliatum Fabr.
Møller Regimental surgeon, deceased before
1849. He had a large collection of cardiids,
which after his death was donated to the
Zoological Museum. According to old book of
dispatch at the Museum, Mörch selected duplicate specimens and donated them to schools
(e.g. Elsinore Secondary School and Aarhus
Grammar School) for educational purposes.
Möller See under Møller, H.P.C.
Møller, H. P. C. (1810–45). Inspector and conchologist, worked in Greenland as inspector,
member of NF. He had a large collection of
molluscs, including cardiids now present
at the ZMUC. – Shells c/o Prof. Philippi.
Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s accession book
1846–1853: #57 Cardium papillosum Poli, 5,
id Ph. #58 Cardium lævigatum Poli, 3, id Ph.
#317 Cardium aculeatum Britt. 1. #318 Cardium norvegicum Norway, Phil. 2. – Shells in
alcohol from southern Norway. Cardiid number in Mörch’s accession book 1846–1853:
#417 Cardium edule, in alcohol, southern
Norway. – Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s accession book 1846–1853: #503 Cardium edule
Grimstad, 13. #504 Cardium edule Vejlefjord,
3/2. Without number by Mörch: Cardium
with nr. 469. 1. – Shells in alcohol collected
by shop assistants in Greenland, September
and October 1842. All id’s by cand. Møller.
Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s accession book
1846–1853: #32 Cardium grønlandicum juv.
2. #33 Cardium ciliatum juv. 2. #34 Cardium
elegantulum, 1. – From Møller’s collection labeled roadstead of Gibraltar. Cardiid numbers
in Mörch’s accession book 1846–1853: #371
Cardium, 12/2.
Møller, H. P. C. Deposition of original Greenland shells. See under Johnstrup, professor.
Møller, Johanne Collected cardiids in Panama
before 1946.
Møller, Poul Colony manager. He collected cardiids in Greenland 1903.
Møller’s collection (T 303). HPC Møller. Katalog over mollusksamlingen” Printed on the
spine only. Written by Mörch, but not dated or
signed. R.Spärck noted in 1918: supposed to
56
j. hylleberg
be the catalogue of H.P.C.Møller’s collection;
subsequently verified by Tom Schiøtte. – It is
indeed a comprehensive catalogue but I failed
to find certain numbers of tropical cardiids
which should stem from Møller’s coll. according to labels in the boxes. Mörch placed
Møller’s collection of tropical shells, mainly
gastropods, in a section called Exotic Shells
numbered #1857–2154 and #2385–3031. In
the beginning Mörch subdivided the catalogue using capital letters to mark places of
origin, and consecutive numbers to mark
individual lots. However, the material was so
comprehensive that he had to use the alphabet many times until he finally cancelled the
use of capitals and just mentioned the area
where sampling had occurred. The preparation of Møller’s Catalogue with 3031 listed
numbers is a significant contribution and of
great help to contemporary researchers. The
catalogue starts with A). Danish Molluscs.
#609 Cardium grønlandicum Ch. (misplaced
specimen) extracted from #588 collected
at Hven 1842. #610 Cardium echinatum L.
Elsinore (Helsingør). #611 C. echinatum. l.d.
I.Larsen, Sæby. #612 C. echinatum. #613 C.
echinatum. #614 C. echinatum. Hveen, 1842.
#615 C. echinatum. juv. Hven. Th. #616 C.
echinatum. Kattegat St. Mgr. 12-5-1843.
#617 Cardium edule L. the Little Belt (Strib).
#618 C. edule. l.d. I.Larsen, Sæby. #619 C.
edule. Mf. ”Skr.” #620 C. edule. ved Abra
n°. #621 C. edule. Mf Skr. 3 Hven #622 C.
edule. Odense Fjord 1841. Th. #623 C. edule.
Præstoe Fjord. Th. #624 C. edule. ved n°
623 (Præstoe Fjord). #625 C. edule. #626 C.
edule. Th. Kallebodstrand #627 C. edule juv.
Helsingør 14 April 1841 #628 C. edule juv.
ved n° 627 (Helsingør 14 April 1841) #629
C. edule juv. ved n° 627 (Helsingør 14 April
1841) #630 C. edule juv. Hven 1842. #631
Cardium fasciatum Montg. ved n° 620 #632
C. fasciatum ved n° 630 (Hven 1842). #633 C.
fasciatum. Hven. #634 C. fasciatum the Great
Belt. Nyborg. #635 Cardium? sp.? the Little
Belt 1841. #636 Cardium suecicum Reeve
ved n° 632 (Hven 1842). #637 C. suecicum
ved n° 616 (Kattegat St. Mgr. 12 May 1843.)
– B. Norwegian and Swedish molluscs. #847
Cardium echinatum L. Southern Norway
l.d. Kroyer. #848 Cardium sp. (from n° 844,
Bohusläns Skärgård Kinberg). #849 Cardium
edule Mf. ”Lappen”. – C. Specimens without
locality. #931 Cardium n. #932 Cardium
islandicum. #933 Cardium echinatum. #934
Cardium echinatum juv. #935 Cardium edule.
#936 Cardium fasciatum – D. No cardiids. – E.
(area not specified). #1024 Cardium. – F. From
Great Britain. #1088 Cardium echinatum
Mf. Fhll. valve dext #1089 Cardium edule
Mf. Orkney valv. – G. Spitsbergen Kroyer.
#1120 Cardium groenlandicum Spitsbergen
l.d. Kroyer. #1121 Cardium groenlandicum
Spitsbergen l.d. Kroyer. – H. North America.
No cardiids. – I. forgotten under section
B. – H. Godthaab 1840 and 1842 (Greenland). #1170 Cardium groenlandicum. #1171
C. groenlandicum. #1172 C. groenlandicum
juv. #1173 Cardium islandicum. #1174 C.
islandicum. #1175 Cardium grønlandicum.
#1176 C. grønlandicum juv. #1177 Cardium
elegantulum Beck. – I. Extracted from boxes
marked Julianehaab. #1251 Cardium grønlandicum. #1252 Cardium islandicum. #1253
Cardium elegantulum – I. Box marked Mixta
Fiskernæsset 1840. #1315 Cardium grønlandicum juv. #1316 Cardium islandicum juv.
#1317 Cardium elegantulum. – K. wrapped
in paper marked Mixta Jepsens Lab. Skovfjorden. #1349 Cardium grønlandicum juv.
#1350 Cardium islandicum. #1351 Cardium
islandicum. – L. wrapped in paper marked
Mixta Frhaab. #1381 Cardium grønlandicum juv. – M. Box without markings. #1402
Cardium grønlandicum. #1403 Cardium islandicum. – N. < O. < P. < Q. < R. < S. (no
cardiids). – T. Without specifications of area.
#1426 Cardium grønlandicum. – U. Box
marked Kuksuk Fossils 1840, July. #1429
Cardium grønlandicum. #1430 Cardium islandicum. – V. A small wooden box marked
fossils from Leeret ved Kuksuk 28 July
1840. #1439 Cardium grønlandicum. #1440
Cardium islandicum. – X. wrapped in paper
marked dredging, shell fragments (Cardium
grønlandicum identified). – Y. < Z. < A. < B.
(no cardiids). – C. 2 boxes marked Søndre
Strømfjord 15 June 1843. #1507 Cardium elegantulum. – D. 3 boxes marked FRHB, Mixta
FRB, and Fhb respectively. #1543 Cardium
cardiidae in the zoological museum, copenhagen
islandicum. #1544 Cardium elegantulum. – E.
(no cardiids). – F. Box marked Mixta Julianhb.
#1565 Cardium grønlandicum juv. #1566
Cardium elegantulum. – G. (no cardiids). – H.
2 boxes marked Godhavns Havn (Harbour of
Godhavn). #1583 Cardium islandicum. #1584
Cardium grønlandicum. – I. < K. < L. < M. (no
cardiids). – N. Box marked ”Mixta Fiskernæsset”. #1626 Cardium ciliatum O.Fbr. juv.
#1627 Cardium grønlandicum juv. – O. (no
cardiids). – P. < box marked ”below Røde
Fjeld”. #1642 Cardium grønlandicum. – Q. <
A box marked Malene Fjeldsund Ghb. #1651
Cardium ciliatum O.Fbr. C. islandicum Ch.
Godthaab. – R. (no cardiids). – S. Box placed
together with Insp. Møller’s Danish Mollusca.
#Without number: juv. Cardium ciliatum and
Cardium elegantulum. – T. < G. < H. < I. < K.
< L. < M. < O. < P. < Q. < R. < S. < T. < U. (no
cardiids). – X. Extracted from various boxes.
#1750 Cardium islandicum. #1751 Cardium
grønlandicum. #1752 Cardium echinatum, 2
valves. – Y. (no cardiids). – Z. (in alcohol).
#1787 Cardium g. – From number 1792
Mörch stopped using capital letters to mark
sections. Headlines would be ”From a selection of small wooden boxes”, ”Exotic Shells”,
etc. #1839 Cardium elegantulum. #1849 Cardium islandicum juv. and Cardium grønlandicum juv. #1851 Cardium grønlandicum.
#1852 Cardium islandicum. #2114 Cardium
grønlandicum 5, 21, 30, 124, 24, 47, 13, 216.
#2115 Cardium islandicum 5, 21, 30, 24, 47,
13. #2116 Cardium elegantulum 21, 14, 47,
13. #2131 Cardium grønlandicum. Removed
from alcohol. #2132 Cardium islandicum.
Removed from alcohol.
Moltk. terminated with a full stop. See under
Moltke, A. G.
Moltk: terminated with a colon. See under
Moltke, A. G.
Moltke, Adam Gottlob (1710–1792). Count,
privy councellor. In 1759 he founded the
Naturalia and Housekeeping Cabinet (Natural
& Husholdnings-Cabinettet) at Charlottenborg. A position as professor in zoology was
established at “the Cabinet” which acquired
Peter Forskål’s collections from the Arabian
Journey 1761–1763 (Expedition to “Arabia
Felix”). In 1772 the Museum was transferred
57
Fig. 32. Count J.G.Moltke. Founder of the Moltke collections.
After picture in Spärck 1962.
to the University. Some cardiids at the ZMUC
stem from the collection of Moltke (Fig. 32).
Moltke, Joachim Godske (1746–1818). Count,
prime minister. Inherited most of his father’s
collection. He donated his father’s Natural
Cabinet and The Natural Theater Collection to
the university in 1810. See also under Moltke,
Adam G.
Moltke’s shell collection See under Mörch’s
catalogue of Count Moltke’s shells.
Montagu, George (1753–1815) British colonel
and malacologist. Published “Testacea Britannica or Natural History of British Shells ....”
in 1803.
Monterosato Tomasso di Maria Allery (1841–
1927) Italian Marquise (Marquis) Palermo.
Italian malacologist. Accession cat. Dated 10
March 1891 he submitted a substantial collection of Mediterranean molluscs on exchange
with Danica et Grønlandica of the museum.
The Monterosato collection contained many
”species” described by him. Cardiid numbers in the accession book 1889–1937: #542
Cardium paucicostatum Sow. #543 Cardium
mucronatum Poli, Palermo #544 Cardium
58
j. hylleberg
deshayesii Payr. Palermo. #545 Cardium
oblongum Ch. #546 Cardium tuberculatum
L. Balearerne. #547 Cardium sp. an var.? Patias (Grèce). #548 Cardium lamarcki Reeve,
Cluoggia. #549 Cardium lamarcki var. Tunisia. #550 Cardium papillosum Poli. Naples.
#564 Cardium parvum Phil. Mondello. #685
Cardium sp. an Cardium parvum Phil. sp.
ex Kattegat. – Dispatch cat. Dated 1891 he
received a substantial collection of molluscs
from the museum (exchange). According
to the dispatch book 1890–1921: #127 Serripes groenlandica Greenland. #128 Serripes
groenlandica Kara Sea, Dijmphna Exp. #129
Cardium echinatum Kattegat. #130 Cardium
echinatum juv. Kattegat. #131 Cardium echinatum The Sound. #132 Cardium edule The
Little Belt. #133 Cardium edule W. coast of
Jutland. #134 Cardium edule var. balticum.
Baltic. #135 Cardium nodosum Limfjorden.
#136 Cardium exiguum The Sound. #137
Cardium suecicum (minimum auct.) Kattegat.
#138 Cardium fasciatum The Sound. #139
Cardium fasciatum, Iceland. #140 Cardium
islandicum (ciliatum Fabr.) Greenland. #141
Cardium elegantulum Greenland. #142 Cardium norvegicum Kattegat. #143 Cardium
ciliatum Kara Sea, Dijmphna Exp.
Monterozato, Allerz Marquis, Palermo. Spelling of Monterosato in Mörch’s accession book
1866–1872.
Montp. Stands for the Museum in Montpellier, France. Exchanged cardiids with ZM in
1840.
Monts. Abbr. of the Italian malacologist Monterosato.
Mörch (T 283). “Conchylia bivalvia” Printed
on the spine only. Not signed, not dated, but
probably written around 1848. The sequence
of information (not all information indicated
for each species): running #, species, locality, number of individuals, collection mark,
source of collection. #361. C. cardissa L.
1, Møll, Moltk. #362 sic. C. cardissa L. 1,
Mathies 79. < C. cardissa L. 6, Sch: #362. C.
humanum Ch. 2, Sch:, 1 Moltk. #363. C. dionæum Sowb. Lord Hoods Isl. 2, Møll: #364.
C. hemicardium L. 1, Sch: #365. C. auricula
Niebuhr, m. rub. 1, M Moltk, Orig. #366. C.
retusum L. 3, Sch: #367. C. subretusum Sowb.
1/2, M. acad. #368. Cardium, 1/2, M. acad.
#369. C. hemicardium L. 1, Sch: #370. C.
fragum, 2, Sch: #371. C. unedo, 1, Sch:, 65,
1. Forsk. 65. #372. C. medium, Tortola, 10,
Møll: – C. medium, 5, Sch: < C. medium, 1,
Møll: #373. C. donaciforme Spengl. Philippin.
1, Cuming 164. #374. C. costatum L. 1, Nt. Foren. < C. costatum L. 1/2, Sch: < C. costatum
L. 2/2, M. acad. #375. C. asiaticum Lamk. 1,
M. acad. < C. asiaticum Lamk. 2, Sch: #376.
C. coronatum Spgl. 1, Sch: #377. C. papyraceum Ch. 4 2/2, M. acad. 66, Forsk. 66 #378.
C. bullatum L. 1, Moltk. < C. bullatum, 1, Sch:
#379. C. soleniforme Brug. Tortola, 7, Møll: <
C. soleniforme Brug. 2, Sch: #380. Cardium,
1, Sch: #381. C. ringiculum Sow. 2/2, Sch:
#382. C. flavum L. 7, Sch: < C. flavum L. 3, M.
acad 61, 4. Forsk. 61 < C. flavum L. 1, Remh.
20, < C. flavum L. Ind. Oc. 1, Rink. 5, #383.
C. muricatum L. 9, Mus. acad. 62. 4/2 Forsk.
62 < C. muricatum L. 9, Sch: #384. C. rastrum
Reeve, 2, Sch: #385. C. erinaceum Lm. 1, Sch:
< C. erinaceum Lm. 2, M. acad. #386. C. aculeatum, Britain 1, Møll: #387. C. echinatum L.
Fairhill, 1/2, Møll: < C. echinatum L. Norway,
1/2, Møll: 84. < C. echinatum L. 4, Sch: < C.
echinatum L. 1, M. Moltk < C. echinatum L.
1, M. acad. #388. C. ciliare Gm. 3/2, Moltk.
#389. C. rusticum L. 3, Sch: < C. rusticum L.
5, M. acad < C. rusticum L. 1, Moltk. #390.
C. isocardia L. 4, Sch: 1 Sch. Orig. < C. isocardia L. St. Thomas 1, Unger. < C. isocardia
L. 1, Møll: #391. C. leucostomum Born, 3,
Sch: < C. leucostomum Born, 1, M. acad. < C.
leucostomum Born, 1, Sch: < C. leucostomum
Born, 1, Møll: #392. C. pectinatum L. 1/2,
Sch: #393. C. papillosum Poli, Gibraltar Rhed,
5, Phil. Møll: 371, #394. C. fasciatum Mont.
3, Møll: 936, #395. Cardium, 10, Møll: 1021,
Cardium, the Channel, 1, Prosch 69, #396. C.
edule L var. Rygen, 5, Moltk. Suenson. < C.
edule L. Orkney, 1, Møll: 1089, < C. edule L.
5/2, Møll: 935. < C. edule L. Als, 5, Sch: < C.
edule L. Bergen, 1, Sars. < no#. Cardium, M.
rub. 1, Forsk 67, Forsk. 67. < no#. Cardium,
fos?, 1/2, Forsk 68, Forsk. 68. < no#. C. assimile Reeve, M. rub. 2 1/2, Forsk 63, M.acad.
Forsk. 63. #397. C. islandicum Ch. 3, Sch: <
C. islandicum Ch. 2, M. acad. < C. islandicum
Ch. 23 1/2, Møll: #398. C. norvegicum Spgl.
cardiidae in the zoological museum, copenhagen
Fig. 33. Part of Mörch’s catalogue ca. 1848 “Conchylia
bivalvia” The sequence of information is running #, species,
locality, number of individuals, collection mark, and source
of collection.
Norway, 1, Stp. 227, < C. norvegicum Spgl.
Norway 3, Møll 3/8 (Phil) < C. norvegicum
Spgl. Stp. 997, < C. norvegicum Spgl. 3, Møll:
Phil. #399. C. oblongum Ch. 1, M. acad. #400.
C. obliquum Spgl. 1, Sch: #401. C. biradiatum
Brug. 1, Moltk. #402. C. lævigatum L. 1, Sch;
1 Moltk (Forsk) #403.C. serratum L. 16, Sch:
< C. serratum L. Tortola, 12, Møll: #404. C.
mortoni Conr. United States, 2, Cuming #405.
C. grönlandicum Ch. 3, Sch: < C. grönlandicum Ch. 9, Møll < C. grönlandicum Ch. 1,
Møll: < C. grönlandicum Ch. Spitsbergen, 2,
Møll: 1121, #406. C. trigonoides Pallas, M.
casp. 1, Middend. #407. C. (Monodacna),
Casp. 1, Cuming 133, #408. C. (Adacna), M.
Casp. 1, Midden. #409. C. (Adacna), M. Casp.
1, Midden. (Fig. 33).
Mörch (T 312). De forenede Museers Bløddyrsamling. Not dated. The mollusc collection of
the united museums. Cardiids on display in the
public exhibition, i.e. the labels marked ”fra
udst.” in the present dry collection of ZMUC.
Cardiids were on display in Room 2. Cupboard C.4. Veneracea: Cardium muricatum
L. S. Croix, S. Thomas. Cardium rusticum L.
The Mediterranean. Cardium oblongum Ch.
Vestindien (Ravn. N.F.). Cardium (Liocardium) lævigatum S.Croix (mus-zoot.Hafn.).
Cardium (Acanthocardium sic) echinatum.
The Mediterranean. (Kgl. mus.). Cardium
59
(Trachycardium) isocardia Vestindien. Cardium (Serripes) grønlandicum Ch. Greenland.
(Fleischer). Cardium (Fragum) unedo Lin. the
Philippines Cuming 541 (M. Chr. VIII).
Mörch (T 312). Oversigt over CVIII Samling.
Overview re the CVIII collection. Cardium
without specification in the drawers 11–22.
Not signed, not dated, but ca. 1864.
Mörch (T 312, separate pages). Heading of
document: De forenede Museers Bløddyrsamling. Universitetets Samling paa Nørregade.
Over ChVIII Samling findes et eget Catalg.
The pages show how the collections were
organised from the beginning.
Mörch (T 313a). “Oversigt over Slægterne i
Conchylie-samlingen” Overview of genera in
the shell collection. Catalogue in two parts.
Part one. The cardiids were placed in room I,
cabinet C, drawer 16. (Cardium). There are
no dates allowing to estimate when part 1 was
written, but the style of writing indicates that it
was early in Mörch’s work for the museum in
Nørregade. He served there from 1852–1864.
For part two, see under Mörch T 313a, separate pages.
Mörch (T 313a, separate pages). Samling af
Originalstykker. [Collection of original specimens. One catalogue in two parts]. Part two:
Mollusca in glasses (wet): the cardiids were
placed in room 2 cabinet C, 4. Veneracea
in the museum in Krystalgade. The cabinet
contained Cardium muricatum L. S. Croix,
S. Thomas. Cardium rusticum L., Mediterranean. Cardium oblongum Ch., West Indies
(Ravn). Cardium (Liocardium) læævigatum
L., S. Croix. (mus. zoot. Hafn.). Cardium
(Acanthocardium sic) echinatum L., Mediterranean (Kgl. mus.). Cardium (Trachycardium)
isocardium L., West Indies. Cardium (Serripes) grönlandicum Ch., Greenland (Fleischer). Cardium (Fragum) unedo Lin., Philippines Cuming 541 (M. Chr. VIII).
Mörch 1840–66 (T 286). Accession book. Index
by Mörch. No title, no date.
Mörch 1846–53 (T 287). Universitetets zoologiske Museums Tilgangsjournal for Bløddyr I.
1846–53. Printed on the cover. In handwriting
on first page: “Tilvæxt-Journal for Mollusca
N° 1”. Accession book.
Mörch 1849–61 (T 292). Dispatch catalogue. No
60
j. hylleberg
title, no date. First entry September 1849, last
entry dated 1861.
Mörch 1853–61 (T 289). Universitetets Zoologiske Museums Tilgangsjournal for Bløddyr II.
1853–61. Printed on the cover. In handwriting on first page: Universitetets zoologiske
Museums Tilvæxt-Journal for Mollusca N° 2.
(begyndt 1853, Febr.) Accession book. Information from this catalogue is listed here under
the persons who contributed with specimens.
Mörch 1857–68 (T 293). “UZM Mörch O.A.L.
Afgivelse og bytte af Mollusca 1857–1868.
Printed on spine only. Dispatch and exchange
book. All entries by Mörch. Some shipments
are only indicated with receiver and bulk number of species. Dated 1856 molluscs were selected for dispatch to schools. Cardiids are not
mentioned. Due to many fusions and splitting
up of collections over the years, some species
had to be reorganised. Dated September 1857,
Mörch noted that he handed over crustaceans
to the second inspectorate: Spengler’s original
Lepades and 2 drawers, which came from the
collection of Naturhistorie Selskabet.
Mörch 1866–72 (T 288). UZM Tilgangsjournal
for Bløddyr og Stråledyr II 1866–72. ������
Accession book. Index by Mörch. No title, no date.
Last entry June 1872.
Mørch The modern Danish letter “ø” and the
Scandinavian and German letter “ö” were
both used by Mörch. The ö-spelling is most
frequent on museum labels and in catalogues.
See under Mörch, O.A.L.
Mörch, O. A. L. (1828–1878), dr. phil. bestowed
on him by the University of Göttingen in 1868,
assistant professor. Full name: Otto Andreas
Lowson Mørch. Personality according to
Bricka: eccentric, absent-minded, reserved
and suspicious, but basically noble, unselfish,
and very helpful. His knowledge and experience was highly appreciated abroad. He was
quite famous as a an expert of malacology.
Years of important events in the life of Mörch:
1844–1848 at the Royal Natural History Museum [Kgl. naturhistorisk Museum = KM].
Assistant for Beck where he learnt much about
the old collections. – In 1847 professor Steenstrup offered him work at the University Museum, which he accepted. – From 1850–1864
assistant curator of the shell collections of
Fig. 34. Portrait of O.A.L. Mörch published by Jonas Collin.
After J.Hylleberg 2004 (3): 841.
the University of Copenhagen (the university established by Count Moltke). – From
1864–1878 he worked with the ZM shell collection of the University in Krystalgade where
all museum collections had been united. He
wrote a number of catalogues encompassing
accessions registers, shells leaving the museum as gifts or in exchange, special collections, such as Spengler’s and Count Moltke’s
shells belonging to the Zoological Museum
of the University. [see under “Det grevelige
Moltke’ske Universitetet tilhørende zoologiske Museum”]. When Mörch included new
shells in the collections he would give them
running numbers, which started with number
1 for each lot. At the same time he would write
that number inside the shell and on the label.
He prepared the enumeration of shells from
the CVIII collection stored in alcohol and
wrote new labels in 1858–59. (Fig. 34).
Mörch’s Spengler cat. (T 304). Spglers Mgz.
(Spengler’s Magazine). Catalogue without
title dealing with the original specimens in the
cardiidae in the zoological museum, copenhagen
Chemnitz, Müller, and Spengler Collections.
When Mörch writes “I” (first person) he cites
Spengler’s comments. In this respect, and the
numbering, the present catalogue differs from
other Spengler catalogues written by Mörch.
#875. Cardium. Solen bullatus. L. Ch. 159, 60.
I own a variety of this bivalve, which is quite
smooth on the outside, only with fine stripes on
the curvature. I have some specimens, which
are nicely brown-red with a few spots. The
length reaches 2 T., the width 1.5 T. Guinea.
#877. Cardium costatum L. Ch. 151.152. It is
a double, length 2 T. 13 L., width 3 T., depth
2.5 T., from a friend in Paris. #878. no record.
#879. Variety of C. costatum [C. indicum
Lam.], length 2.5 T., width 2.75 T., depth 2.25
T. on average, from the natural history collection in Madrid. Don Clavijo. #880. Cardium
lamellatum Sp. Ch. f. 153, 154. Niqb., height
2 T., width the same. 1 individual. #881. Cardium coronatum Sp. 1 T. 4 L. width, 1 T. 2 L.
deep. Niquebar. #882. Cardium ringens Ch.
f. 170. Guinea. The largest specimens measure 1 T. 8 L. in length. #883. C. aculeatum
L. Ch. f. 155. #884. C. aculeatum variety A.
20 ribs. 1 T. 7 L. width, 1 T. 3 L. height. Ch.
f. 155. #885. C. aculeatum variety B. Ch. f.
156. 3.5 T. length and width. 3 T. thick. #886.
C. aculeatum variety C. Ch. f. 157. #887. C.
echinatum L. Ch. 158. Specimens from the
Mediterranean measure 2.25 T in height and
width. The Nordic are 2 T. in width and 1T.
10 L. in height. #888. C. ciliare Ch. f. 171,
72. xi 1951, 52, 53. #889. C. tuberculatum L.
Ch. f. 173. #890. C. isocardium L. Ch. f. 174,
175. Height 3 T. 1 L., width and depth 2 T. 7
L. #891. C. muricatum L. Ch. f. 177, length
2 T. 2 L., width 1 T. 9 L. I have a specimen
from the South Sea with some changes and
very lively colours. Pulocondore. Martyn 2,
f. 79. ii. #892. C. flavum L. Length 2T. 4 L.,
width 1.75 L. Red Sea and Niqbr. #893. C.
obliquum Sp. 3 T. 2 L. on the front side. #894.
C. magnum L. Seb. t. 86. p. 2. Length 3 T.,
width 2.5 T. #895. var. B. [C. magnum] Ch.
f. 191. Niquebar is somewhat smaller than
the above #896. C. leucostomum Born. Ch. f.
179. Length 3 T., width 2.25 T #897. var B [C.
leucostomum] Length 1 T. 5 L., width 1 T. 2
L #898. C. obsoletum Sp. Ch. f. 190. My larg-
61
est specimen measures: length 2.3 T., width
2 T. 2 L #899. C. fucatum Sp. Length 1.25 T,
width 1 T. 2 L. Guinea #900. C. simplex Sp. It
is slightly smaller than the above sp. Guinea
#901. C. pectinatum L. Ch. f. 187, 88. Largest
specimen: length 1.75 T., width 1.8 #902. C.
edule L. Ch. f. 194 #903. C. rusticum L. Ch.
f. 197. Reg. 77,78. Height 1.5 T., width 1.75
#904. C. islandicum Ch. f. 195, 96. Height 2.5
T., width 2 T. 8 L #905. C. latum Ch. 192, 93.
Height 0.25 T., width 1 T. 8 L. Niqbar #906. C.
donaceum Sp. Ch. f. 165. Height 8 L., width
1 T. 1 L. Norway #907. var. B. [C. donaceum]
somewhat smaller #908. var. C. [C. donaceum] all three are from Trondhjem. #909. C.
hians Gronov. Ch. 187.83. Height and width
2 T. #910. C. papyraceum Ch. f. 184. Height 1
T. 8 L., width 1.5 T. #911. C. norvegicum Sp.
2.5 T. Variety 2.75 Schrøt. Einl. 3. t. 7. f. 12.
#912. C. serratum L. Ch. 185, 186. #913. C.
laevigatum L. Ch. f. 189. The largest specimen
measures in length 2.25 T., width 1 T 11 L.
Also a variety. #914. C. striatum Sp. Height
and width 1 T. South Sea. #915. C. politum Sp.
South Sea. 0.75 T. #916. C. grønlandicum Ch.
f. 198. Length 2.75 T., width 3 T. 2 L. #917.
C. cardissa Ch. 143,44. Their unusual size in
length is 2.5 T. and in width 1.25 T. Niquebar.
#918. C. var. B. [C. cardissa] yellow-green
colour. Length 2 T. 2 L., width 2 T. Niqbar.
#919. C. var. C. [C. cardissa] length 2,75
T., width 2 T. Niqueb. #920. C. var. D. [C.
cardissa] without spines. #921. C. var. E. [C.
cardissa] Trqbar with brown spots. #922. C.
var. F. [C. cardissa] length 1 T. 10 L., width 1
T. 8 L. #923. C. replicatum Ch. 149,150. 1 T.
1 L. One more smaller specimen, which on the
curved surface is densely covered with light
brown spots. #924. C. hemicardium L. Ch.
159–61. Measures 1.75 T. on the front side, the
width measured at the lower rim is 1.5 T. #925.
C. retusum Ch. 139–142. Also a variety from
Coromandel. #926. C. imbricatum Ch. f. 167.
The length of my largest specimen measures
1 T. 7 L., width is 1.25 T. #927. C. nodulosum
Sp. Length 1.25 T, width 1 T. #928. C. medium
L. Ch. 162–64. Length 1 T. 5 L., width 1 T. 2 L.
#929. C. fragum L. Ch. f. 167. Length 1.5 T.,
width 1.25. East Indies. #930. C. unedo L. Ch.
f. 168,169. Length 2 T. 4 L., width 2 T.
62
j. hylleberg
Fig. 35. Mörch’ cover on the catalogue “Fortegnelse over
den til Christian den Ottendes Conchyliesamling hörende
Samling af Spirituosa 1858/59”.
Mörch’s CVIII cat. 1864 (T 318). “Enumeratio
Musei Christiani octavi”. Novr 1864 Written
in pencil. It lists the organisation of shells of
CVIII. Cardium IV xxv drawer 11–21. Species
not shown. Not signed.
Mörch’s CVIII wet spcm. 1858–59 (T 279).
Fortegnelse over den til Christian den Ottendes Conchyliesamling hörende Samling af
Spirituosa optagen ved denne Samlings Ometiqettering 1858/59 af O.A.L. Mörch (Alcohol
preserved specimens from the Collection
of King CVIII). The
������������������������
sequence of information (not always complete): running number,
present and previous identification, locality,
Fig. 36. Mörch copied Spengler’s original labels and added
references to Spengler’s publication from 1799. The labels
were probably written before 1870, i.e. the year Mörch published a translation into German of Spengler’s work.
collected by, number of individuals. Cardiids encompass. #538. C. (Acanthocardium
sic) echinatum as C. echinatum L. Kattegat,
Lyngby c/o Fabr. 2. #539 C. (Trachycardium) muricatum as C. medium L, I. Antill,
Bardenfl. (?), 1. #540 C. (Fragum) medium as
C. medium L. I. Antill, 1. #541 C. (Fragum)
unedo as C. unedo L. I. Philippin. Cuming,
1. #542 C. (Lunulicardia) subretusum as
C. Sg. Hemicardium, I. Philippin. Cuming,
1. #543 C. (Cerastoderma) ciliatum Fabr.
as C. ciliatum, Oefjord Iceland, Gudmund,
2. < C. (Cerastoderma) ciliatum Fabr. = C.
islandicum Ch. Belsound, Kroyer, 4. < Oc.
sept. glac. C. ciliatum var. pubescens Couth,
1. #544 C. (Cerastoderma) elegantulum Beck
as C. elegantulum Bk. Arctic, Gould 12 org.
3 dissolved (opløst). #545 C. (Serripes) grönlandicum Ch as C. (Serripes) hyberboreum
Bk. Belsound, Dr. Kroyer, 1. < C. (Serripes)
grönlandicum junior as Serripes grönlandica
Bk. (Ch), Godthaab, Holbøl, 4. (Fig. 35).
Mörch’s labels Written during the period 1844 to
1878, mainly on factory made paper. He wrote
labels for new specimens (accessions) and
labels elaborating old labels e.g. by Spengler.
He wrote the species name and synonym on
top of the label. The central part was left open.
At the bottom he continued to the left writing
collector and his own catalogue number. If
available, the locality was written to the right
(Fig. 36).
Mörch’s Møller cat. “Møller’s collection”. Not
dated or signed. R.Spärck noted in 1918: supposed to be the catalogue of H.P.C.Møller’s
collection. See under Møller’s collection.
Mörch’s Moltke cat. (T 281). “Conchylia Musei
Moltkiani”. Catalogue of the shell collection of Moltke. Not dated, not signed. The
sequence of information (not all information
indicated for each species): running number
(#), species, number of specimens, Mörch’s
notes. #45 Cardium cardissa, 1, C. cardissa.
#46 C. humanum, 1, Ch. #47 C. unedo. #48
C. hemicardium. #49 C. fragum. #50 C. aculeatum, 1, C –a–, 1 C –a–. #51 C. isocardia,
4 loose shells. 1/2. #52 C. oblongum. #53 C.
tuberculatum, 1 specimen. #54 C. magnum.
#55 C. costatum. #56 C. ciliare, 1/2 C. ciliare.
#57 C. vulgatum var. [syn. of C. edule]. #58 C.
cardiidae in the zoological museum, copenhagen
Fig. 37. Label by Beck: C. imbricatum. vBorn t.3/3-4. C. f.
167. Sp. n° 36. Sub nom C. fragum, e Coll. Mtk. n. 2443.
The label indicates that the specimen originally belonged to
A.G. Moltke.
virgineum = Mactra stultorum. #59 C. hians,
1, C. bullatum L. = C. apertum Ch. #60 C.
edule, 2, Cardium edule L. #61 C. aeolicum,
1, specimen with number, but it is a Mactra.
(Figs. 37, 38).
Mörch’s O. F. Müller cat. 1864 (T 306).
Oversigt over Originaler. �����������������
The catalogue encompasses species by Müller (no cardiids),
Menkes’s Original specimens from Malsbuy’s
Collection (no cardiids), Orig. to Fauna groenlandica with 2 cardiid species: 71. #410 Cardium echinatum. # 411 Cardium ciliatum ... is
larger than the indicated measurements.
Mörch’s Royal Museum cat. 1850–51 (T
315). Fortegnelse over originalerne i det kgl.
museum 1850–51 Sept-April. Printed on the
spine: Orig. Mus. reg. (sic) [that is the Spengler collection deposited in Mus. CVIII after
Fig. 38. Moltke’s label. I have not found the number 2443 nor
the added n° 32 in available catalogues.
63
1821]. Inventory of the original specimens in
the Royal Museum, 1850–51. Sept.-April. The
sequence of information is running number,
species, reference, measurements by Spengler, origin of specimens, and remarks. The
numbering of the species in Mörch’s 1850 (T
301) catalogue is shown within brackets. The
1850–51 catalogue is nearly identical with
Mörch’s catalogue from 1850. However, the
numbers differ among the two catalogues.
I only show some examples from Mörch’s
catalogue as examples and refer to the 1850
catalogue for more details. #229 (249). Cardium costatum L. Orig. Sp. N.S.S.5,1. p. 5 n°
1. Guinea. 2,13; 3. Missing. 2 complete specimens present. #230 (250). C. indicum Lam. C.
hians Brochi. Orig. Sp. N.S.S.5,1. p. 6 Variety
of C. costatum. From the Natural History Collection in Madrid. 2 1/2; 2 3/4. Average of the
convexity 2 1/4. #230a. (251). C. ciliare L.
Orig. Sp. N.S.S. 5,1 p. 18 n° 7. #231 (252). C.
aculeatum L. Orig. Sp. N.S.S. p. 13 n° 5. C. aculeatum var. b. 3 1/2, 3 1/2; 3. Measurements
by Mörch: only 3; 3. #232(253). C. aculeatum
L. juv. Orig. Ch. vi f 155. C. aculeatum Linnaei. Orig. Sp. N.S.S. v,i p. 12. C. aculeatum
L. Sp. 1 inch 7 lines, 1 inch 3 lines. #233 (254).
C. erinaceus Lam. Orig. Sp. N.S.S. v,i p. 14.
C. aculeatum var C.– 3; 2,8; 2,4. From shell
dealer in Marseilles. Forskål. #234 (255). C.
echinatum L. Orig. Sp. N.S.S. v,i. p. 16. n° 6.
C. echinatum. The Mediterranean shells measure 2 1/4; 2 1/4. The Nordic shells measure 2
inches in width and 1 inch 10 lines in height.
Three lines too much. #235 (256). C. rusticum
L. Orig. Sp. N.S.S. v,i. p. 19. n° 8. C. tuberculatum L. Stp. #236 (257). C. isocardia L. Orig.
Sp. N.S.S. v,i. p. 19. n° 9. C. isocardium sic.
3,1; 2.7 lines. They are 2,9; 2,2. S. Thomas. S.
Croix. #237 (258). C. muricatum L. Orig. Sp.
N.S.S. v,i. p. 20. n° 10. C. muricatum 2,2; 1,9.
#238 (259). C. Orig. Sp. N.S.S. v,i. p. 21. C.
muricatum L. Martyn 679 f. 1,1. Pulocondore,
from the South Sea with more lively colours.
#239 (260). C. flavum L. Orig. Sp. N.S.S. v,i.
p. 22. n° 11. ti f. 2. C. flavum 2,4; 1 3/4; 1 3/4.
Red Sea, Nicobar Islands. C. vertebratum
Jonas? – The catalogue continues in the same
way, which is nearly identical with Mörch’s
catalogue from 1850 (2). However, the num-
64
j. hylleberg
bers of each entry differ among the two catalogues. Therefore, I only show the numbering
of the species for the rest of Mörch’s 1850 (3)
catalogue and refer to the 1850 (2) catalogue
for the details. – #240 (261). Cardium sp.
#241 (262). C. magnum L. #242 (263). C.
leucostomum Born. #243 (264). Cardium sp.
#244 (265). C. fucatum Spengler. #245 (266).
C. edule L. #246 (267). C. lamarckii Reeve.
#247 (268). C. islandicum Chemnitz. #248
(269). C. obliquum Spengler. #249 (270). C.
oblongum Chemnitz. #250 (271). C. norvegicum Spengler. #251 (272). C. norvegicum
Spengler var. #252 (273). C. politum Spengler.
#253 (274). C. laevigatum L. Reeve. #254
(275). C. citrinum Ch. #255 (276). C. serratum
L. #256 (277). C. pectinatum L. #257 (278).
C. striatum Sp. #257a (279). C. papyraceum
Chemnitz. #258 (280). C. bullatum L. Stp.
#259 (281). C. coronatum Sp. #260 (282). C.
lamellatum Spengler. #261 (283). C. ringens
Spengler. #262 (284). C. latum Born. #263
(285). C. soleniforme Bruguière. #264 (286).
C. groenlandicum Chemnitz. #265 (287). C.
cardissa L. #265 (288). C. cardissa L. var.
#266 (289). C. cardissa L. var. #267 (290).
C. cardissa L. var. #268 (291). C. humanum
Chemnitz. #269 (292). C. humanum Chemnitz
var. #270 (293). C. monstrosum Chemnitz.
#271 (294). C. hemicardium L. #272 (295).
C. retusum L. #273 (296). Cardium sp. #273
(297). C. imbricatum Born. #274a (298). C.
fragum L. #274 (299). Cardium fragum L.
#275 (300). C. nodulosum Sp. #276 (301).
C. unedo L. #277 (302). C. medium L. #278
(303). C. donaciforme Spgl. #278 (304). Cardium. #278 (305). Cardium.
Mörch’s Spengler cat. 1850 (T 301). Catalogue
without title dealing with the Spengler Collection. Annotated. Information in the catalogue
is basically identical with information in T
315. Hence, I only list the numbers and names
of the species: #249. C. costatum L. #250. C.
indicum Lam. #251. C. ciliare L. #252. C.
aculeatum L. #253. C. aculeatum L. #254. C.
erinaceus Lam. #255. C. echinatum L. #256.
C. rusticum L. #257. C. isocardia L. #258.
C. muricatum L. #259 C. [no specific name
listed by Mörch]. #260. C. flavum L. #261.
Cardium [no specific name listed by Mörch].
#262. C. magnum L. #263. C. leucostomum
Born. #264. Cardium [no specific name listed
by Mörch]. #265. C. fucatum Spengler. #266.
C. edule L. #267. C. lamarckii Reeve. #268.
C. islandicum Chemnitz. #269. C. obliquum
Spengler. #270. C. oblongum Chemnitz. #271.
C. norvegicum Spengler. #272. C. norvegicum
Spengler. #273. C. politum Spengler. #274. C.
laevigatum L. Reeve. #275. C. citrinum Ch.
#276. C. serratum L. #277. C. pectinatum L.
#278. C. striatum Spengler. #279. C. papyraceum Chemnitz. #280. C. bullatum L. Sp.
#281. C. coronatum Sp. #282. C. lamellatum
Spengler. #283. C. ringens Forskål. Spengler.
#284. C. latum Born. #285. C. soleniforme
Bruguière. #286. C. groenlandicum Chemnitz. #287. C. cardissa L. #288. C. cardissa L.
var. #289. C. cardissa L. var. #290. C. cardissa
L. var. #291. C. humanum Chemnitz. #292. C.
humanum Chemnitz var. #293. C. monstrosum
Chemnitz. #294. C. hemicardium L. #295. C.
retusum L. #296. Cardium [no specific name
listed by Mörch]. #297. C. imbricatum Born.
#298. C. fragum L. #299. Cardium [no specific
name listed by Mörch]. #300. C. nodulosum
Sp. #301. C. unedo L. #302. C. medium L.
#303. C. donaciforme Spgl. ap. Schröt. #304.
Cardium [no specific name listed by Mörch].
#305. Cardium.
Mörch’s Spengler cat. 1850–51 (T 301). The
Spengler Collection. Annotated Catalogue.
The sequence of information (not all information indicated for each species): running #,
species, reference, remarks. #249. C. costatum
L. Orig. Sp. N.S.S.5,1. p. 5 n° 1. Guinea. Measurements by Spengler: 2.13; 3. Missing. 2
complete specimens present. In box marked
beta. #250. C. indicum Lam. Orig. Sp.
N.S.S.5,1. p. 6 Variety of C. costatum. Missing
but found in Museum CVIII. Mistake is possible. In 2 boxes. From the Natural History
Collection in Madrid. #251. C. ciliare L. Orig.
Sp. l.c. p. 18 n° 7. #252. C. aculeatum L. Orig.
Sp. l.c. p. 13 n° 5. C. a < var. b. Measurements
by Spengler: height and width 3.5 inches,
thickness 3 inches. Measurements by Mörch:
only 3 inches height and width. #253. C. aculeatum L. juv. Orig. Ch. vi f 155. C. aculeatum
Linnaei. Orig. Sp. l.c. p. 12. C. aculeatum.
Measurements by Spengler: height 1 inch 7
cardiidae in the zoological museum, copenhagen
lines, width 1 inch 3 lines. #254. C. erinaceus
Lam. Orig. Sp. l.c. p. 14. C. aculeatum. From
shell dealer in Marseilles. Forskål. Measurements by Spengler: height 3 inches; width 2
inches 8 lines; thickness 2 inches 4 lines. Measurements by Mörch: height 2 inches 4 lines;
width 2 inches 7 lines. #255. C. echinatum L.
Orig. Sp. l.c. p. 16. n° 6. C. echinatum. The
Mediterranean shells measure 2.25 inches in
height, 2.25 inches in width. The Nordic shells
measure 2 inches in width and 1 inch 10 lines
in height. Three lines too much. #256. C. rusticum L. Orig. Sp. l.c. p. 19. n° 8. C. tuberculatum L. #257. C. isocardia L. Orig. Sp. l.c. p.
19. n° 9. C. isocardium sic. Measurements by
Spengler: height 3 inches 1 line, width 2
inches 7 lines. Measurements by Mörch:
height 2 inches 9 lines, width 2 inches 2 lines.
S. Thomas. S. Croix. #258. C. muricatum L.
Orig. Sp. l.c. p. 20. n° 10. Measurements by
Spengler: height 2 inches 2 lines, width 1 inch
9 lines. #259 C. Orig. Sp. l.c. p. 21. C. muricatum L. Martyn. Is C. corbis Martyn C.
pseudolima Sow? missing? t. 79 f. 1.1 Pulocondore, from the South Sea with more lively
colours. #260. C. flavum L. Orig. Sp. l.c. p. 22.
n° 11. ti f. 2. C.f. Measurements by Spengler:
2.4; 1.75; 1, 75. Red Sea, Nicobar Islands. C.
vertebratum Jonas? #261. Cardium [no specific name listed by Mörch]. Orig. Sp. l.c. p.
26. n° 15. C. magnum L. var. B. Orig. Ch. vi.
f 191. (specimen of Spengler and Chemnitz).
C. magnum. Missing? #262. C. magnum L.
Orig. Sp. l.c. p. 24. n° 13. C. magnum East
Indies. Measurements by Spengler: width 3
inches, width 3 inches 5 lines. Measurements
by Mörch: 1.5 lines too much. #263. C. leucostomum Born. Orig. Sp. l.c. p. 27. n° 14.
West Indies. Measurements by Spengler:
height 3 inches, width 2.25 inches. #264. Cardium [no specific name listed by Mörch]. Orig.
Sp. l.c. p. 28. n° 14. C. leucostomum Born. var.
B. Sp. Measurements by Spengler: height 1
inch 5 lines; width 1 inch 2 lines. Nicobar Islands. #265. C. fucatum Spengler. Orig. Sp.
l.c. p. 30. n° 16. Guinea. Measurements by
Spengler: height 1.25 inches; width 1 inch 2
lines. Guinea. #266. C. edule L. Orig. Sp. l.c.
p. 33. n° 19. C. edule L. Sp. North Sea. Measurements by Spengler: height 1 inch 4 lines;
65
width 1.5 inches. #267. C. lamarckii Reeve. 2
boxes. Orig. Ch. vi. f. 197. C rusticum L.
Mediterranean. Orig. Sp. l.c. p. 34. n° 20. C
rusticum L. Mediterranean. Measurements by
Spengler: height 1.5 inches; width 1.75 inches.
#268. C. islandicum Chemnitz. Orig. Sp. l.c.
p. 34. n° 21. Iceland. Measurements by Spengler: height 2.5 inches; width 2 inches 8 lines.
#269. C. obliquum Spengler. Orig. Sp. l.c. p.
24. n° 12. ti f. 3. < Measurements by Spengler:
height 3 inches 2 lines. C. magnum Born. C.
ventricosum Brug. #270. C. oblongum Chemnitz. Orig. Sp. l.c. p. 28. n° 15. C. obsoletum.
Measurements by Spengler: height 2.75 inches, width 2 inches 2 lines. #271. C. norvegicum Spengler. Orig. Sp. l.c. p. 42. n° 26. C. n.
var. Measurements by Spengler: height 2.5
inches, width 2.5 inches. #272. C. norvegicum
Spengler. Orig. Sp. l.c. p. 42. n° 26. var. b.
Mediterranean Measurements: 2.75 inches.
#273. C. politum Spengler. Orig. Sp. l.c. p. 43.
n° 30. South Sea. Measurements by Spengler:
height 0.75 inch, width 0.75 inch. C. vitellinum Reeve. #274. C. laevigatum L. Reeve.
Orig. Sp. l.c. p. 43. n° 28. C. laevigatum var.
West Indies. Measurements: height 1 inch 8
lines, width 1 inch 8 lines. #275. C. citrinum
Ch. Orig. Sp. l.c. p. 43. n° 28. C. laevigatum
L. Measurements: height 2.25 inches, width 1
inch 11 lines. According to Mörch, none of the
specimens attain this size. #276. C. serratum
L. Orig. Sp. l.c. p. 43. n° 27. South Sea. C.
serratum L. C. biradiatum Brug. #277. C.
pectinatum L. Orig. Sp. l.c. p. 32. n° 18.
Guinea. 1.75; 1,8. C. æolicum Born. #278. C.
striatum Spengler. Orig. Sp. l.c. p. 45. n° 29.
South Sea. C. australe Sow. #279. C. papyraceum Chemnitz. Orig. Chemnitz vi. f 184.
Orig. Sp. l.c. p. 41. n° 45. 1 inch 8 lines; 1.5
inch. Found in Mus. CVIII. #280. C. bullatum
L. Sp. Orig. Chemnitz vi. f 181 < 83. C. apertum sive hians Gronovius. Found in Mus.
CVIII. Jamaica. Orig. Sp. l.c. p. 39. n° 24. C.
hians Gronov. 2,2 Jamaica. Is only 1.75 inch.
#281. C. coronatum Sp. Orig. Sp. l.c. p. 9. n°
3. ti f. 1 < 1,4; 1,4; 1,2. C. fimbriatum Wood.
#282. C. lamellatum Spengler. Orig. Sp. l.c. p.
8. n° 2. < 2,2; 1,8. C. asiaticum Brug. #283. C.
ringens Forskål. Spengler. Orig. Sp. l.c. p. 20.
n° 4. #284. C. latum Born. Orig. Sp. l.c. p. 35.
66
j. hylleberg
n° 22. 1.25, 1,8. Nicobar Islands. #285. C.
soleniforme Bruguière. Orig. Sp. l.c. p. 111
(sic) n° 26. Solen bullatus L. Guinea. Measurements: height 2 inches, width 1.25 inch.
In 2 boxes. #286. C. groenlandicum Chemnitz.
Orig. Sp. l.c. p. 46. n° 31. Greenland. 2.75 3,2.
#287. C. cardissa L. Orig. Sp. l.c. p. 48. n° 32.
Nicobar Islands. 2.5 1.25. #288. C. cardissa L.
var. Orig. Sp. l.c. p. 50. var. B. with a beautiful
yellow-green colour. 2,2; 2 Nicobar Islands.
#289. C. cardissa L. var. Orig. Sp. l.c. p. 50.
var. E. Tranquebar. #290. C. cardissa L. var.
Orig. Sp. l.c. p. 51. var. F. Nicobar Islands.
1,10; 1,8. #291. C. humanum Chemnitz Orig.
Sp. l.c. p. 50. var. C. Nicobar Islands. #292. C.
humanum Chemnitz var. Orig. Sp. l.c. p. 51.
var. D. C. cardissae. Tranquebar. #293. C.
monstrosum Chemnitz. Orig. Ch. vi. p. 155.
(the description). Orig. Sp. l.c. p. 52. n° 33. C.
replicatum. 1,1; 1,1. #294. C. hemicardium L.
Orig. Sp. l.c. p. 53. n° 34. < Measurements by
Spengler: height 1.75 inch, width 1.5 inch.
Measurements by Mörch: height 1.25 inch,
width 11 lines. #295. C. retusum L. Orig. Sp.
l.c. p. 54. n° 35. C. retusum L. Mentioned in
Ch. vi. from the Red Sea. C. auricula. #296.
Cardium [no specific name listed by Mörch].
Orig. Sp. l.c. p. 55. C. retusum var. Coromandel Coast. #297. C. imbricatum Born. Orig.
Sp. l.c. p. 56. n° 36. Largest specimen measured by Mörch: height 1 inch 7 lines, width
1.25 inch. Orig. Ch. vi f. 166. Missing [note
cancelled]. Found in Mus. CVIII. 1870. <
#298. C. fragum L. Orig. Sp. l.c. p. 58. n° 39.
ti f. 5 < height 1.5 inch. width 1.25 inch. Orig.
Ch. vi. f. 166. C. fragum album f. flavum.
Missing [note cancelled]. Belongs to no. 297
but is dubious. < #299. Cardium [no specific
name listed by Mörch]. Orig. Ch. vi. f. 167. C.
fragum album f. flavum var. Missing [note
cancelled]. found in the CVIII Collection, is
the same species as the following. #300. C.
nodulosum Sp. Orig. Sp. l.c. p. 57. n° 37. ti f.
4. East India. Measurements by Spengler:
height 1.25 inch, width 1 inch. Missing [note
cancelled]. #301. C. unedo L. Orig. Sp. l.c. p.
59. n° 40. East India. Measurements by Spengler: height 2 inches 4 lines, width 2 inches.
#302. C. medium L. Orig. Sp. l.c. p. 57. n° 38.
West Indies. Measurements by Spengler:
height 1 inch 5 lines, width 1 inch 2 lines.
#303. C. donaciforme Spgl. ap. Schröt. Chem.
Mörch changed the genus to Donax. Orig. C.
donaceum Sp. l.c. p. 37. n° 23. Tronhjem in
Norway. Measurements: height 8 lines, width
1 inch 1 line. #304. Cardium [no specific name
listed by Mörch]. Orig. Sp. l.c. p. 37. n° 23. C.
donaceum var. B. Much smaller. Tronhjem.
Missing. #305. Cardium [no specific name
listed by Mörch]. Orig. Sp. l.c. p. 37. n° 23. C.
donaceum var. C. Tronhjem. Missing.
Mörch’s Suenson cat. 1857 Capt. Suenson
shells auctioned. In this connection Mörch
wrote ”Catalogus Conchyliorum quæ reliquit
Ill. M.N.Suenson Scripsit O.A.L.Mörch. Hæc
Conchylia publica auctione XVIII Decbr.
dividentur. Hafniæ. Typis I.Chr.Græbei. MDCCCLVII.” Mörch used the numbers 1556–
1579 in his list. #1556 Cardium cardissa L.
Ind. oc. #1557 C. unedo L. Ind. oc. #1558 C.
medium L. Ind. oc. sic [err. locality]. #1559
C. lamarcki Reeve Oc. atl. #1560 C. balticum Bk? M. balticum. #1561 C. costatum
L. Guinea. #1562 C. aculeatum L. M. med.
#1563 C. rusticum L. (tuberculatum Lam.) M.
med. #1564 C. echinatum L. M. med. #1565
C. ciliare L. M. med. #1566 C. isocardia L. I.
Antill. #1567 C. leucostomum Born. I. Antill.
#1568 C. alternatum Sow. Ind. oc. #1569 C.
muricatum L. I. Antill. #1570 C. flavum L. (rugosum Lam.) Ind. oc. #1571 C. sinense Sow?
China. #1572 C. ringens Ch. Guinea. #1573
C. spinosum Meusch. I. Antill. #1574 C. tenuicostatum Sow? Ind. oc. #1575 C. brasilianum
Lam. Brasilia. #1576 C. multipunctatum Sow.
China. #1577 C. citrinum Ch. I. Antill. #1578
C. lævigatum L. St. Thomas. #1579 C. grønlandicum Ch. Iceland
Mörch’s Yoldi cat. 1853 (T 281). Count Yoldi’s
shell collection sold at a public auction. In
this connection Mörch published. ”Catalogus Conchyliorum quæ reliquit D.Alphonso
d’Aguirra & Gadea, Comes de Yoldi. Fasciculus secundus. Scripsit O.A.L.Mörch Hafniæ
Typis Ludovici Kleinii. MDCCCLIII.” Under
the numbers 401–445 Mörch listed the following shells in the family Cardiacea. – Papyridea
Sws. – #401 Cardium spinosum Meusch (List.
342 f. 179.). I. Antill. <Solen bullatus Ch. non
L. Stp. <Cardium soleniforme Brug. #402
cardiidae in the zoological museum, copenhagen
Cardium spinosum var. I. Antill. #403 Cardium bullatum (Solen) L. (Stp.) Ind. oc. <C.
rugatum Meusch. <C. apertum sive hians Ch.
– Pectunculus Adanson – #404 Cardium lima
Spgl. 1786 (Schröt.) Ind. oc. <C. costatum indiæ orientalis Ch. <C. asiaticum Brug. 1789.
<C. lamellatum Spegl. 1799. #405 Cardium
coronatum Spgl. 1786. Ind. oc. <C. fimbriatum Lam. #406 Cardium ringens Ch. Guinea.
<Le Mofat Adanson. – Cardium L. – #407
Cardium costatum L. Guinea. Acanthocardia
Kl. p.p. Cerastes Poli. #408 Cardium aculeatum L. M. med. #409 Cardium echinatum
L. M. med. <C. muricatum L. M.L.U. n. 35.
#410 Cardium erinaceum Lam. M. med. <C.
tuberculatum L.? <C. spinosum Sol. Dw. non
Meusch. <C. echinatum Brug. #411 Cardium
erinaceum var. M. med. #412 Cardium rusticum L. M. med. <C. tuberculatum ”L.”
Lam. <C. tuberculare Sow. #413 Cardium
multispinosum Sow. China. – Cerastoderma
(Poli) nob. – #414 Cardium setosum Redfield.
China. #415 Cardium ciliatum Fabr. Grönlandia. <C. islandicum Ch. #416 Cardium edule
L. Dania. #417 Cardium elegantulum Bk.
Grönlandia. – Trachycardium nob. (Pectunculus Mart.) – #418 Cardium isocardia L. I.
Antill. #419 Cardium muricatum L. I. Antill.
#420 Cardium leucostomum Born. I. Antill.
<C. marmoreum Lam. #421 Cardium sp. #422
Cardium sp. #423 Cardium vimineum Martyn.
China? <C. elongatum Brug.? #424 Cardium
flavum L. (Spgl.) Ind. oc. <C. rugosum Lam.
<C. magnum Ch. – Liocardium Sws. (Lævicardium) – #425 Cardium pectinatum L. Guinea.
<C. æolicum Born. #426 Cardium multipunctatum Sow. China. #427 Cardium brasilianum
Lam. Brasilia. <C. lamarckii d’Orb. 1846, non
Reeve. #428 Cardium citrinum Ch. I. Antill.
<C. triste L? <C. serratum Ch. non L. <C.
hiatus Meuschen. <C. lineatum Gm. <O. sic
lævigatum Lam. #429 Cardium lævigatum L.
(Reeve.), S. Thomas <C. pristis Valenc. Enc.
299. f. 3. #430 Cardium sp. #431 Cardium
oblongum Ch. (jun.) Africa? <C. flavum Born.
<C. obsoletum Spgl. <C. sulcatum Lam. #432
Cardium crassum Gm. Lusitania. <C. serratum Lam. <C. norvegicum Spgl? – Serripes
Bk. (Aphrodita Lea. Accardo Sws.) – #433
Cardium grønlandica Ch. Iceland. <Venus
67
islandica Fabr. #434 Cardium grønlandica (2
jun.), Iceland. – Fragum Bolt. (Hemicardium
Sws.) – #435 Cardium donaciforme Spgl.
(apud Schröt.) Tranquebar. <C. donaceum
Spgl. Mgr. #436 Cardium medium L. I Antill.
#437 Cardium unedo L. I. Nicobar. #438 Cardium imbricatum Born. Ind. oc. <C. fragum
Lam. non L. #439 Cardium sp (minor). #440
Cardium hemicardium L. Ind. oc. <C. tetragonum Voigt. #441 Cardium auricula Niebuhr.
M. rub. #442 Cardium retusum L. Ind. oc. –
Hemicardia Klein (Spgl. Corculum Hebenstr.
Bolt. Cor Meusch. Cat. Leers. Cardissa Meg.
Sw. Isocardia Ok. Hemicardium Cuv.) – #443
Cardium cardissa L. Ind. oc. <C. cardissa
alba Meg. <C. cardissa spinosa Sw. #444
Cardium sp. (minor). – Pleurorhyncus (Phill.)
Sws. – #445 Cardium lithocardium (Mantis.
plant.) Grignon. Fossil. <Cardita avicularis
Lam. An.
Mörch’s ZM cat. 1850 (T 285). “Fortegnelse
over de i det grevelige Moltkeske, Universitetet tilhørende Zoologiske Museum opstillede
Mollusca: Bløddyr /: udarbeidet i Sommeren
1850 :/ af O. Mörch.”. ����������������������
Mollusca Musei universitatis, Vol. III. Mörch’s catalogue of molluscs
of the University Museum. The sequence of
information (not all information indicated for
each species): running number (#), species
and references, number of individuals, locality, source, ex collection, marking of material.
#3353 C. dionæum Sowb. Reeve f 122. <C.
dionaeum, 2, Lord Hood Isl. Cumg leg. Bk det.
ex coll. Møll. <C. dionaeum, 1, marking 138.
#3354 C. cardissa L. Coeur de venus tachete
de rose L. Coeur blanc de venus. Sch: p. 160.
< C. cardissa, 3, ex coll. Sch. < C. cardissa, 1,
ex coll. Moltk: C.c. marking 45. < C. cardissa,
1, ex coll. Sch. < C. cardissa, 1/2, ex coll. M.
acad. < C. cardissa, 1, coll. Matthies, marking
79. #3355 C. humanum Ch. C. Junoniæ Lam.
C. excavatum Sch: 30. < C. humanum, 2, ex
coll. Sch: #3356 C. monstrosum Ch. Ch: vi f.
149/50, C. monstrosum, 1, ex coll. Moltk: C.
hum. marking 46. #3357 C. auriculum Niebuhr. Forsk Descr p. 122. n° 52!, C. retusum
L. Ch. vi. f. 139–421. Regf: 11 f. 20. Tab. 9.
Orig.! < C. auriculum, 1, ex coll. Moltk. Orig!!
< C. auriculum, 1 1/2, ex coll. M: acad: #3358
C. retusum L. C. replicatum Spengl. Sch. Le
68
j. hylleberg
Coeur bisulque. < C. retusum, 2, ex coll. Sch:
#3359 C. subretusum Sow. Reeve f. 100. C.
subretusum, 2, ex coll. M: acad: #3360 C.
hemicardium L. C. imbricatum Born, C. hemicardium L. 1, ex coll. Sch: #3353a Cardium
alaforme Sow?, 6, Silurische Schichten Litten
in Bohemia (Böhmen), leg. Krantz, marking
58, #3353b Cardium alaforme, 4, Bohemia
(Böhmen), leg. Krantz, marking 59. #3361 C.
fragum L, C. hemicardium, Le Coeur trianguleur. < C. fragum L. 2, ex coll. Sch: #3362
C. unedo L. Le fraise rouge Sch. C. unedo
parvum angulatum ventre prominulo, Forsk.
p. xxxi. ?. < C. unedo, 1, ex coll. Sch: < C.
unedo, 1, ex coll. Forsk. marking 67. < C.
unedo, 1+2, ex Mus. Sydn. 1859, marking
105. #3363 C. medium L. Le Coeur de pigeon
Sch: p. 160, < C. medium, 3, Tortola, ex coll.
Møll: < C. medium, 1, leg. Hofm Bang, ex coll.
Møll: < C. medium, 4, Ind. Occ. ex coll. Sch;.
#3364 C. donaciforme Spglr. Schröt Einl. < C.
donaciforme, 1, Philippin. leg. Cumg, marking 164. #3365 C. costatum L. Sch. 158 La
conque exotique. < C. costatum, 3/2, ex coll.
Sch: < C. costatum, 1?, ex coll. N.F. < C.
costatum, 5/2, ex coll. M: acad: #3366 C.
asiaticum Brug. C. lamellatum Spgl. 1799, C.
costatum indiæ orientalis Ch. C. costatum a
simplex Sch: < C. asiaticum, 1, ex coll. Sch. <
C. asiaticum, 1, ex coll. N.F. – C. asiaticum,
ex coll. M. acad. #3367 C. coronatum Spgler.
C. fimbriatum Lam. < C. coronatum, 1, Cap,
ex coll. Sch: #3368 C. papyraceum Ch. C.
fragile, striatum trans, tantum ad cardines
laeves. Forsk. xxxi. 11. e. < C. papyraceum, 3,
ex coll. Moltk. < C. papyraceum, 1 1/2, ex coll.
Forsk. marking 66. #3369 C. bullatum L. C.
apertum Meuschen Ch. C. hians Moltk. 59. <
C. bullatum, 1, ex coll. Moltk:, marking 59. <
C. bullatum, 1, ex coll. Sch: #3370 C. soleniforme Brug. C. bullatum Lk: non L, C. apertum Sch: 9. < C. soleniforme, 3, Tortola, ex
coll. Møll: < C. soleniforme, 2, ex coll. Sch: <
C. soleniforme, 1 jun. St. Thomas, leg. Riise,
marking 25. #3371 C. [Cardium sp.] C. chinense Sch: 10. < C. chinense, 1, China, Capt.
Agerbek, ex coll. Sch: #3372 C. ringiculum
Sowb. Reeve f. 115. < C. ringiculum, 2, ex
coll. Sch:, #3373 C. [Cardium sp.], 1, ex coll.
Forsk. marking 69. #3374 C. [Cardium sp.],
C. Savigny t. f. C. unedo; parvum angulatum,
ventre prominule. Forsk. p. xxxi, 1, ex coll.
Forskp [sic], marking 70. #3375 C. flavum L.
Spglr. C. rugosum Lam. C. magnum Ch. C.
album Sch:, C. serratum Forsk. p. xxx?. < C.
flavum, 1, leg. Borries, marking 5. < C. flavum,
2, ex coll. Sch: < C. flavum, 2, ex coll. Sch: <
C. flavum, 6, ex coll. Forsk:, marking 61. < C.
flavum, 1, Nicobar, leg. Rink. marking 5.
#3376 C. muricatum L. Le Coeur de cerf. C.
æquilaterum Sch. 5. C. ustulatum Sch. 7. < C.
muricatum, 6, ex coll. Sch. < C. muricatum, 2,
ex coll. M: acad: < C. muricatum, 2, ex coll.
M: acad: < C. muricatum, 4, ex coll. Forsk.
marking 62. < *C. muricatum*, 1, ex coll. N.F.
< *C. muricatum, *3, St. Croix, leg. Ravn
1835, ex coll. N.F. < *C. muricatum, *3, S.
Thomas, leg. Krebs, marking 117. < C. muricatum var. m’, 1/1, Cating. leg, Hygom, marking 135. #3377 C. rastrum Reeve, C. lutescens
Sch. C. muricatum flavescens Ch 181. < C.
rastrum, 2, ex coll. Sch. #3378 C. leucostomum Born, C. marmoreum Lam. C. subelongatum Reeve. < C. leucostomum, 3, ex coll.
Sch. < C. leucostomum, 1, ex coll. M: acad: <
C. leucostomum, 1, ex coll. Møll. < var?, 1, ex
coll. Yoldi, marking 421. #3379 C. assimile
Reeve, Reeve f. 45. < C. assimile, 2, ex coll.
M: acad: < C. assimile, 1/2, ex coll. Forsk.
marking 63. < C. assimile, m’, 1, ex coll.
Yoldi, marking 422 #3380 C. isocardia L. Sch.
p.158. xvi. f 4. Orig! Le Coeur taile. < C. isocardia, 1, ex coll. Sch. Orig. < C. isocardia, 1,
S. Thomas, leg. Const. leg. Unger. < C. isocardia, 3, ex coll. Sch. #3376a C. multispinosum
Sowb. 1, China, leg. Sass. ex coll. Friis, marking 34. < 2, leg. Duus, marking 144. < C.
[Cardium], C. 1, ex Mus. Sydney 1859, marking 104. < C. assimile aff. C. assimile aff. 1,
leg. Rübe, marking 191. #3381 C. erinaceum
Lam. C. aculeatum Lam. B. < C. erinaceum,
1, ex coll. Sch. < C. aculeatum B, 1, ex coll.
M: acad: #3382 C. aculeatum L. < C. aculeatum, 1, Brittan, leg. Kinberg, ex coll. Møll. <
C. aculeatum, 1, Neapel, leg. Hannov:, marking 92. < C. aculeatum, 2, ex Montp. 1840,
marking 48. #3383 C. ciliare L. Ch. < C. ciliare, 1 1/2, ex coll. Moltk. CVIII, marking 56.
#3384 C. echinatum L. Lovén. < C. echinatum, 1/2, Sydlige Norge, leg. Kroyer, ex coll.
cardiidae in the zoological museum, copenhagen
Møll. marking 847. < C. echinatum, 1, M:
med:, ex coll. Sch: < C. echinatum, 1, ex coll.
M: acad: < C. echinatum, 2, ex coll. Sch: < C.
echinatum. 1/2, Fairhill, ex coll. Møll. marking 1088. < C. echinatum, 8, ex coll. Møll.
marking 933, 34. < *C. echinatum = C. isocardia L? *0, St. Croix, leg. Ravn 1835, ex coll.
N.F. < *C. echinatum < 1 uden Skal *2, Faroe
Islands, leg. Suenson, marking 116. #3385 C.
rusticum L. < C. rusticum, 2, ex coll. Sch: <
C. tuberculatum Lam. 3, ex coll. M: acad: <
C. aculeatum Moltk. 1, ex coll. Moltk. marking 50. < *C. rusticum *3, Vestindien, leg.
Ravn, ex coll. N.F. < *C. rusticum *1, 0, M:
med:, leg. Eschricht, ex coll. N.F. < C. rusticum, 2, ex Montp. marking 49. #3385 C.
[Cardium sp.] 4/2, Guinea, leg. Prosch. marking 144. #3386 C. [Cardium sp.] < Cardium
sp. 1, leg. Henriq. marking 13. < C. antillarum
Sowb. 8, S. Thomas, leg. Riise 1860, marking
508. < C. deshayesii Payr. 1, Corsica, leg. Stp.
1860, marking 3. #3387 C. islandicum Ch. C.
ciliatum fabr. non L. C. Nutallii (sic) Conr. <
C. islandicum, 2, ex coll. M: acad: < C. islandicum, 3, Greenland, ex coll. Sch. < C. islandicum, Pl, ex coll. Møll. < C. islandicum,
1/2, ex coll. Møll: mf, marking 36. #3388 C.
edule L. < C. edule, 5, Grimstad, ex coll. Møll.
marking 503. < C. edule, 1, Bergen, leg. Sars,
ex coll. Stp. marking 228. < C. edule, 5, Als?,
leg. Nolte, ex coll. Sch. < C. edule, 2/2,
Orkney, ex coll. Møll. marking 1089. < C.
edule, 3, ex coll. Moltk, marking 60. < *C.
edule, *1, Norge, ex coll. Møll. < *C. edule,
*3, ex coll. N.F. < C. edule. [followed by a 16
character code] Turk Akidaba. Circa Suez,
rarum, [&] longe a littore projectum in campis. Forsk. p. xxxi, 12. d. 1, Suez?, ex coll.
Forsk. marking 67. < C. edule, 1/2, fossil, ex
coll. Forsk. marking 68. < C. edule var. glaucum Brug. 13, ex Montp. 1860, marking 46.
#3389 C. [Cardium]. Cardium, 3, Rügen, leg.
Favne, ex coll. Suenson. #3390 C. fasciatum
Mtg. < C. fasciatum, 1, Bohuslän, leg. Kinberg, ex coll. Møll. marking 848. < C. fasciatum, 3, ex coll. Møll. marking 936. < C. fasciatum?, 2 1/2, Falmouth, ex coll. M. min.
marking 176. < #3391 C. rubrum Mtg. Reeve
f. 124. < C. rubrum, 5, ex coll. Møll. marking
1024. < #3392 C. [Cardium sp.] < 1, Kanalen,
69
leg. Prosch:, marking 69. < #3393 C. [Cardium sp.] < 4, ex coll. Møll. marking 1025. < C.
vindobonense Partsch. < C. vindobonense,
10/2, Weesen, Ung. ex M. Vindob. marking
170. < C. vindobonense, 11/2, Kostel, Moravia
(Mähren), ex M. Vindob. marking 171. #3394
C. papillosum Poli. < C. papillosum, 4, leg.
Philippi, ex coll. Møll. < C. papillosum, 12/2,
Gibraltar Rhed, 20 Fv. leg. Larsen, ex coll.
Møll. marking 371. #3395 C. suecicum Reeve.
< C. suecicum, 1, ex coll. Møll. marking 874.
#3396 C. graniferum Sow. Reeve 43. < C.
graniferum, 2/2, Matanzas, leg. Pugg. marking 156. < Lævicardium Swains. #3397 C.
norvegicum Spgler. C. lævigatum Poli non L.
C. serratum Lam. < C. norvegicum, 2/2, Bergen, leg. Sars, ex coll. Stp. marking 227. < C.
norvegicum, 3, leg. Philippi, ex coll. Møll.
marking 318. < C. norvegicum, 1, leg. Stp.
marking 197. < C. norvegicum, 2/2, leg.
Philippi, ex coll. Møll. C. crassum Gm. < C.
crassum, 1, Corsica, leg. Stp. 1860, marking
2. #3398 C. oblongum Ch. C. flavum Born, C.
sulcatum Lam. < C. oblongum, 1, Neapel, ex
coll. M: acad:, < C. oblongum, 1, leg. Hannov.
marking 93. < *C. oblongum*, 1, ex coll. N.F.
< *C. oblongum*, 1, Vestindien, Ravn N.F. ex
coll. N.F. < C. oblongum, 2/2, ex Montp.
marking 47. #3399 C. ventricosum Brug. C.
obliquum Spgler. C. magnum Born. < C. ventricosum, 1, ex coll. Moltk. ?. #3400 C. biradiatum Brug. C. lævigatum var. Ch: Moltk. <
C. biradiatum, 1, ex coll. Moltk. marking 65.
< C. ventricosum Brug. < C. ventricosum, 1,
Galveston Texas, leg. Römer, marking 4. < C.
procerum Sow. < C. procerum, 1, Bai de la
Madeleine. Exp. Venus 1839, leg. Levy. 1839.
#3401 C. lævigatum L. Reeve, Reeve f 69. C.
pallens Sch: 24. < C. lævigatum, 1, ex coll.
Sch: #3402 C. serratum L. C. lævigatum Ch.
Lam. Sch. < C. serratum, 1, ex coll. Sch: C.
serr: < C. serratum, 1, leg. Hofm Bang, ex coll.
Møll: < C. serratum, 4, ex coll. Sch: < C. serratum, 3, Tortola, ex coll. Møll: < C. serratum,
3, ex coll. Møll: < C. serratum, 2, ex coll.
Møll: < C. serratum, 8, ex coll. Sch: < C. serratum*, 1, S. Croix, Ravn 1835, ex coll. N.F.
< C. serratum, 1, ex coll. M: min: #3403 C.
mortoni Conrad. < C. mortoni, 2, United
States, ex coll. Cumg. #3405 C. pectinatum L.
70
j. hylleberg
Fig. 39. Mörch’s front page in the catalogue “Fortegnelse
over de i det grevelige Moltkeske, Universitetet tilhørende
Zoologiske Museum opstillede Mollusca: Bløddyr /: udarbeidet i Sommeren 1850 :/ af O. Mörch.”. The Fig. is slightly
compressed.
C. aeolicum Born, L’orient et L’ocident. < C.
pectinatum, 1, leg. Borries, marking 4. < C.
pectinatum, 1/2, ex coll. Sch: < Serripes Beck.
< Aphrodita Lea. #3406 C. grønlandicum Ch.
< Serripes groenlandica, 1, ex coll. Sch: <
Serripes groenlandica, 8, Greenland, ex coll.
Møll: < Serripes groenlandica, 1, ex coll.
Møll: < Serripes groenlandica, 2, Spitsberg,
leg. Kroyer, ex coll. Møll:, marking 1120,
1121. < Serripes groenlandica, 2, ex coll. Sch:
#3407 C. truncatum Phil. t 13, f 14. < ”C”.
truncatum, 2, Yorkshire, Lias, leg. Pugg,
marking 21. < C. [Cardium]. < C. 1, ex coll.
Yoldi, marking 430. Monodacna Eichw. #3408
C. trigonoides Pallas, C. lineatum Gm. <
Monodacna trigonoides, 1, M:Casp. leg.
Midd: #3409 C. [Cardium caspium] C. caspium Eichw, Reeve. < Monodacna caspia, 1,
Caspian Sea, leg. Cumg. marking 133. #3410
C. [Cardium plicatum] Glycimeris plicata
Panier, Adacna Eichw. < Adacna plicata, 1,
M:Casp. leg. Midd: #3411 C. [Cardium lævi-
gatum] Glycemeris lævigata Kryn. Pholadomya Delewerti Chem. < Adacna lævigata,
1, M:casp. leg. Midd: (Fig. 39).
Mörck Governor. Submitted shells from Guinea,
December 1838. Cardiid numbers in Beck’s
accession catalogue 1837–39: #17 Cardium
costatum single valves. #18 Cardium ringens.
#19 Cardium æolicum single valves.
Mortensen Captain. Submitted shells from the
Caroline Islands 1880. No number in Mörch’s
accession book 1870–1889: Cardium sp.
Carolinerne.
Mortensen expeditions: Th. Mortensen 1899–
1900 to Siam, Gulf of Thailand. – 1905 to the
former Danish West Indies. – 1914–16 to the
Pacific Ocean (Pacific Expedition 1914–16). –
1922 to Kei Islands (Den danske Expedition
til Kei-Øerne 1922). – 1929–30 to Mauritius–
Java–South Africa.
Mortensen label Most specimens collected during the Mortensen expeditions have labels rewritten at ZM. However, after the Pacific Expedition specific labels were made with “Dr.
Th. Mortensen’s Pacific Expedition 1914–15”
printed on top. I refer to this type of label as
a Mortensen label. Such labels may carry an
addition: J. 7.1.1918. I have not located this
journal. (Fig. 40).
Mortensen, Th. (1868–1952). dr. phil. Museum
director, echinoderm specialist at the Zoological Museum, but he collected all kinds of
invertebrates for the museum. Many cardiids
Fig. 40. Mortensen label. Special labels were preprinted at the
ZM in connection with Mortensen’s Pacific Expedition. The
label states 1914-15 but it included the year 1916.
cardiidae in the zoological museum, copenhagen
Fig. 41. Photo of Dr. Th. Mortensen made in 1910. After
Spärck 1933.
present at ZMUC stem from his exceptional
collecting efforts. He collected cardiids in the
Faroe Islands 1899, Kattegat, Denmark 1905,
West Indies 1905–06, Japan, Philippines, Australia onboard the ”Endeavour”, New Zealand,
California, Panama, West Indies 1913–1916,
Indonesia, New Guinea, Kei Islands 1921–22,
Java, Mauritius, Singapore, South Africa, St.
Helena 1929–30. (Fig. 41).
Møsting, J.Sv. Minister of finance. Active in the
Management of KM from 1838–43.
Mtg. Abbr. of Montagu 1803. Used on labels
by Beck.
MU. Abbr. of Musei universitatis. Used on labels
by Beck. See under M.U.
Müll. Abbr. of Sysselmand Müller on the Faroe
Islands.
Müller Priest. Submitted shells from Greenland
1838. Cardiid numbers in Beck’s accession
catalogue 1837–39: #50 Cardium groenlandicum var. 1 = I. #51 Cardium groenlandicum
jun. pl. #52 Card. 4.
Müller See under Feilberg.
71
Fig. 42. O.F. Müller. Text on the Plate (not included here)
reads: Cornel. Hoyer. del. & Meno Haas. Sculp. Hafn 1776.
From copy in the Steenberg Picture Collection at ZMUC.
Müller Sheriff (Sysselmand) on the Faroe Islands. Mörch extracted shells from sheriff
Müller’s collection April 1867. Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s accession book 1866–1872:
#10 Cardium fasciatum Mtg. #11 Cardium
edule L. jun. – Müller donated shells 1868.
Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s accession book
1866–1872: #47 Cardium edule L. jun. #48
Cardium echinatum L. different ages.
Müller, Otto Friedrich (1730–1784). Konferensraad (high Danish title, now obsolete),
published “Zoologiae danicae, prodromus”
1776. (Fig. 42).
Müller, W. Donated cardiids from China.
Munk Graduate. The museum received a shell
collection 1866. Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s
accession book 1866–1872: #138 Cardium
echinatum, Hellebæk 1865. #139 Cardium
echinatum on the beach between Sæby and
Frederikshavn Aug. 1865. #140 Cardium
edule on the beach between Sæby and Frederikshavn Aug. 1865. #141 Cardium edule
on the beach at Hellebæk. #142 Cardium
edule var. C. balticum Bk. Roskildefjord Feb.
72
j. hylleberg
Fig. 43. Mörch’s label from 1860, showing that ZM received
Cardium aculeatum L. from the Mediterranean through Mus.
Montpellier. Number 48 is Mörch’s cat. n°.
1866. #143 Cardium fasciatum Mtg. Aastrup,
Vendsyssel.
Mus. acad. Abbr. of the academic museum; see
under Universitetsmuseum.
Mus. Bergen Abbr. of the Museum in Bergen,
Norway.
Mus. berl. Abbr. of museum beroliense, the
natural history Museum in Berlin.
Mus. Ch. Abbr. of the museum of Chemnitz.
Mus. CVIII Abbr. of the Museum of CVIII.On
label by Beck.
Mus. Marseille Abbr. of the Museum in Marseille, France.
Mus. Moltk. Abbr. of Moltke’s Museum. See
under Moltke.
Mus. Moltke Abbr. of Moltke’s Museum. See
under Moltke.
Mus. Montp. Abbr. of the Museum in Montpellier, France (Fig. 43).
Mus. Montpellier Abbr. of the Museum in
Montpellier.
Mus. Mosk. Abbr. of the Museum in Moscow.
Mus. nat. Abbr. of Naturhistorisk Museum (museum of natural history).
mus. phys-zoot. Hafn. Abbr. of the ZootomicalPhysiological Museum in Copenhagen.
Mus. Prag. Abbr. of the Czech Museum in
Prague; submitted cardiids to ZM from the
Mediterranean, Adriatic Sea.
Mus. reg. Abbr. of Museum regium which closed
1821.
Mus. Reg. Abbr. of Museum regium. See also
under Kunstkammer.
Mus. Reg. empt. See under empt.
Mus. Reg. emt. See under empt.
Mus. Regio Abbr. of Museum Regium.
Mus. Sydn. Stands for The Australian Museum
in Sydney, Australia. Exchanged cardiids with
ZM in 1859.
Mus. Univ. Stands for the University Museum
of Copenhagen. See
�������������������������
under Universitetsmuseum.
Mus. Vindob. Stands for The natural history
Museum in Vienna, Austria.
Mus. zool. berol. Stands for the Zoological Museum in Berlin, Germany.
Mus. zoot. hafn. Stands the Zootomical-Physiological Museum. Abbr. of < L. hafn. =
hafnia = Copenhagen. See under Eschricht,
Daniel F.
Mus: acad: Abbr. of the academic museum on
labels by Beck.
Mus: acad: See under Universitetsmuseum.
Museet for Oldsager The Museum of Antiquities. Dated 14 February 1889, Mörch’s accession book 1870–1889 tells that Museet for
Oldsager donated subfossil Cardium edule
from a køkkenmødding at Mejlgaard, Denmark. Captain A.P.Madsen and C.G.Johs.
Petersen collected the shells.
Musei Moltkiani (T 281). See under Mörch’s
Moltke catalogue.
Museum Collections at the time of the mid-19th
Century all official zoological collections
were deposited in Copenhagen. They were
geographically scattered but amalgamated by
law in 1862, i.e. the Royal Museum and the
University Museums fused. See also under De
forenede Museer.
Museum in Bergen Norway. Received from ZM
according to Book of Dispatch: #33 Cardium
ciliatum Ch. 3. #34 Cardium elegantulum, 1.
#35 Cardium grønlandicum Ch. 2.
Museum in Copenhagen See under 1623–2007
Chronological overview.
Museum in Dresden Germany. Received from
ZM according to Book of Dispatch: #84 Cardium gronlandicum, 3. #85 Cardium ciliatum
Ch. (changed to Fab.), 2+1.
Museum in Moskva. The Museum in Moscow,
Russia. The Museum submitted fossils to ZM.
Cardiid number in Mörch’s accession book
1866–1872: #13 Cardium cocinnum Busch,
Obere Jura, Chorochow.
cardiidae in the zoological museum, copenhagen
Museum in St. Petersborg The Museum in St.
Petersburg, Russia. Dated 7 July 1896 the
museum received molluscs from Greenland.
According to the dispatch book 1890–1921:
#20 Cardium grønlandicum Greenland. #21
Cardium grønlandicum Greenland. #22 Cardium elongatum [sic] Greenland. #23 Cardium ciliatum Greenland. – Dated 3 April
1897, the Museum in St. Petersborg received
more North Atlantic molluscs: #157 Cardium
islandicum Iceland. #158 Cardium islandicum
Kara Sea, Dijmphna Exp. #159 Cardium fasciatum Faroe Islands. #160 Cardium fasciatum Iceland. #161 Cardium echinatum Faroe
Islands. #162 Cardium ciliatum Iceland. #163
Cardium grønlandicum Iceland. – Dated 17
June 1897, the Museum in St. Petersburg
received Danish molluscs: #323 Cardium fasciatum. The Sound. #324 Cardium suecicum
Kattegat. #325 Cardium exiguum The Baltic.
#326 Cardium edule The Little Belt. #327
Cardium echinatum Kattegat.
Museum in Sydney The Australian Museum
in Sydney. Accession. Cardiids were sent to
ZM in 1859 from the Australian Museum.
Dispatch. Shells were sent to Sydney from the
Magazine of the Museum. Cardiid numbers
in Mörch’s dispatch book 1857–1868: #234
Cardium flavum. I. oc. #235 C. muricatum.
Antill. #236 C. leucostomum. Antill. #237
C. rusticum. M.med. #238 C. echinatum.
M.germ. #239 C. spinosum. Antill. #240 C.
medium. Antill. – Received from ZM according to Book of Dispatch #42 Cardium ciliatum
Fab. 2. #350 Cardium flavum L. 2.
Museum in Trondheim Dated 11 March 1891
cardiids were sent to “Museet i Trondhjem”
Norway. According to the dispatch book
1890–1921: Cardium coronatum, C. costatum, C. pectinatum, C. serratum.
Museum Lundii L. < lundini = Lund. The museum accommodating Lund’s collection. See
under Lund, P.V.
Museum Masiliense Marseilles, France. Cardiids received from ZM according to Book of
Dispatch #76 Cardium ciliatum.
Museum Monspessulanum In book of accessions. Shells submitted 1860. Cardiid numbers
in Mörch’s accession book 1853–1861: #46
Cardium edule. C. glaucum Brug. 12. #47
73
Cardium oblongum, 1/2. #48 Cardium aculeatum, 2. #49 Cardium rusticum, 2. – Cardiids
sent from ZM according to Book of Dispatch
#8 Cardium (Trachycardium) flavum.
Museum Montpellier France. Cardiids received
from ZM according to book of dispatch #250
Cardium lima Spgl. asiaticum Brug.
Museum of Mineralogy located in Copenhagen,
Denmark. ZM received cupboard with fossils.
Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s accession book
1840–1867: #87. Cardium. #88. Cardium.
#89. Cardium grønlandicum from Greenland.
#90. Cardium grønlandicum from Greenland.
#257. Cardium. Jozefa Gorri at Kielezei in
Poland.
Museum Regium A continuation of Worm’s
“Museum Wormianum”. It moved to a new
building towards the end of 1670. It occupied
a spacious hall on the second floor called the
hall of natural sciences (Naturalie-salen). It
was part of the royal cabinet of curiosities
(Kunstkammer).
Museum Vindobonensis The natural history
Museum in Vienna, Austria. Cardiid numbers
in Mörch’s accession book 1853–1861: #170
Car­dium vindobonensis Partsch. Wiesen,
Hun­gary (Ung.) 10/2. #171 Cardium vindobonensis Partsch. Kostel, Moravia (Mähren).
Museum Wormianum 1623–1654 Located in
Copenhagen, Denmark, Worm’s cabinet of
curiosities arose in 1623 as a private collection
in St. Kannikestræde. Professor Ole Worm
passed away 1654.
Musl. Abbr. of musling.
musling Danish for bivalve.
N. Holl. Abbr. of New Holland = Australia.
N. Selsk. Abbr. of Naturhistorie Selskabet =
Natural History Association.
N. F. Abbr. of Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i
København = Danish Natural History Society
in Copenhagen.
N. S. or NS Abbr. of Naturhistorieselskabet =
Collections of the Natural History Association.
N. S. S. Abbr. of the publication “Naturhistorisk
Selskabs Skrivter”.
N. S. Skr. v,i Abbr. of the publication “Naturhistorisk Selskabs Skrivter v (i)”.
N. S. Wales Abbr. of New South Wales, Australia
74
j. hylleberg
n° Stands for catalogue number.
Naga expedition Carried out by American researchers 1959–61 in the Pacific, the South
China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand. The
Danish malacologist J.Knudsen participated
and cardiids from “Naga” are deposited at
ZMUC.
Nat. Forenings Rejse Morocco 1985. See under
Studierejsen.
Nat. Forenings Saml. Stands for collections of
the Danish Natural History Society (Dansk
naturhistorisk Forenings Samling).
Nat. Selsk. Abbr. of Naturhistorie-Selskabet
“Natural History Association”
Nath. Selsk. Abbr. of Naturhistorie-Selskabet.
“Natural History Association”
Natural history collection number 1. This first
“Naturalkammer” displayed activity 1657–
1728. Years of important events: – 1657 the
first cabinet of natural history was founded in
Domus anatomica at Frue Plads. The collection fell slowly into decay and did not have
any greater impact. – 1728 the remains of the
collection were engulfed by fire when the inner Copenhagen burnt down by accident.
Natural history collection number 2. This
“Naturalkammer” displayed activity 1740–ca.
1770. The second cabinet of natural history of
the university was founded by Detharding in
1740. The collection fell slowly into decay and
had practically vanished in 1770. No specimens are preserved from that museum.
Natural history collection number 3. The third
cabinet of natural history “Det Nye Natural
Theater” displayed activity 1770–1810. It
was a continuation of “Moltke’s Cabinet”.
Years of important events: – 1770 the third
collection founded by the University was
named the New Natural History Theater in
Nørregade (Universitetets nye Natural Theater). M.T. Brünnich was appointed professor
extraordinarius. His private collection was
added and constituted the first proper zoological collection of the University. Increase
occurred through the East Asiatic Company
and officials in the former Danish colonies.
– 1772 the collections of the Natural- og
Husholdnings-Cabinettet were transferred to
Universitetets Natural Theater, i.e. The University Museum materialised. – 1789 Brün-
nich moved to Kongsberg in Norway and his
chair remained vacant. Brünnich returned to
Copenhagen in 1814, where he passed away
in 1823. – 1795 Gregers Wad was appointed
replacement for Brünnich and became ordinary professor in 1803. He worked until 1810.
– 1807 inner Copenhagen burnt down following bombardment by the British. The collections were not hit directly. Nevertheless they
had to be packed and stored in smaller rooms
because the University requested the original
rooms. – 1810 the collections were sold. See
under Count Joachim Godske Moltke and De
grevelige Moltke’ske Universitetet tilhørende
naturhistoriske samlinger.
Natural history collection number 4. The fourth
natural history collection of the University
displayed activity 1810–1864 See under De
grevelige Moltke’ske Universitetet tilhørende
naturhistoriske samlinger 1810–1864.
Natural history collections in Copenhagen.
Chronological overview: – 1623–1654 Museum Wormianum. – 1650–1821 Kunstkammer
(Museum Regium). – 1657–1728 First collection of specimens (Naturalkammer) of the
University. – 1740–1770 Second collection
of specimens of the University. – 1759–1772
Naturalia and Housekeeping Cabinet (Naturalog Husholdnings-Cabinettet). – 1770–1810
Universitetets Natural Theater. – 1789–1805
Collections of the Natural History Association
(Naturhistorie-Selskabets samlinger) located
in Prinsens Palæ. – 1796 The Royal Commission was established to prepare a museum of
natural sciences for public use and service.
Work of this Commission led to the establishment of Det kongelige naturhistoriske Museum paa Østergade. – 1805–1864 a museum
with the same name but different address, viz.
Det kongelige naturhistoriske Museum paa
Rosenborg. (The Royal Natural History Museum); acquired Spengler’s shell collection in
1805. The collection was stored at Rosenborg
Castle until 1820–21 – 1821 The collections
from Rosenborg and Østergade fused and
moved to Stormgade where a new The Royal
Natural History Museum was established.
1810–1864 De grevelige Moltke’ske Universitetet tilhørende naturhistoriske samlinger.
– 1833–1847 Naturhistorisk Forenings Mu-
cardiidae in the zoological museum, copenhagen
seum (Museum of the Danish Society of Natural History). – 1862 it was decided that the
University should maintain a study collection
referred to in Danish as the Studiesamlingen.
– 1862 Universitetets Zoologiske Museum in
Krystalgade was decided. – 1867 collections
were moved to the museum. – 1870 the museum was officially inaugurated. – 1964 the
present Zoological Museum of the University
of Copenhagen, abbreviated ZMUC (Københavns Universitets zoologiske Museum) was
inaugurated in a new locality called the Universitetsparken (the University Park).
Natural- og Husholdnings-Cabinettet Displayed activity 1759–1772. Years of important
events: – 1759 the Naturalia and Housekeeping Cabinet at Charlottenborg was founded.
The collection was located at Charlottenborg,
Kgs. Nytorv. Count Adam Gottlob Moltke
was the first president. Peter Ascanius, a
student of the Swedish naturalist Linné, was
appointed professor i natural history. Increase
of material came from the Danish trading post
Tranquebar in India and from Count Moltke’s
private collection. – 1763 Peter Forskål passed
away in Yemen. – 1761–67 Forskål’s material
from the expedition to Arabia felix = Yemen
(den arabiske rejse) was transferred to the
Naturalia- and Housekeeping Cabinet. – 1765
Morten Thrane Brünnich was appointed lecturer in natural history and economy. – 1768
J. Chr. Fabricius was appointed professor of
natural history, but he moved to Kiel (now
in Germany) where he remained till he died.
The main reason was that M.T. Brünnich
already performed the job as professor of
natural history. – 1772 the Naturalia- and
Housekeeping Cabinet (the Charlottenborg
collection) was transferred to “Københavns
Universitets nye Natural Theater”. See under
Moltke 1759–1772.
Naturhistorie-Selskabet The Natural History
Association took an active part in education
from 1789–1805. Years of important events:
– 1789 Peter Christian Abildgaard founded
the Natural History Association. It functioned
as a private university during a period of 16
years. It achieved considerable impact and
had more than 250 members. Abildgaard,
originally a medical doctor, also founded the
75
school for vets (Veterinærskolen). – 1796
Abildgaard managed to establish a royal
commission which prepared the erection of a
public museum of natural science (Museum
for Naturvidenskaberne til offentlig Brug
og Nytte). – 1801 Abildgaard passed away.
– 1804 the Commission purchased the shell
collection of Lorenz Spengler. It was stored at
Rosenborg Castle. – 1804 the Natural History
Association proposed to hand over its natural
history collections to a new museum owned
by the state of Denmark. – 1805 the State took
over the collections which were transferred to
The Royal Natural History Museum (Det kongelige naturhistoriske Museum) in Østergade
and Rosenborg Castle.
Naturhistorie-Selskabets Samling Collections
of the Natural History Association located in
Prinsens Palæ 1789–1805. In 1805 the collections were transferred to the Royal Natural
History Museum, see under KM. (Det Kgl.
naturhistoriske Museum).
Naturhistorisk Forening The Danish Natural
History Society established 1833. In 1849,
the society began issuing a scientific journal
referred to as “Videnskabelige Meddelelser”
The full title is “Videnskabelige Meddelelser
fra den naturhistoriske Forening i Kjöbenhavn”. See also under studierejsen.
Naturhistorisk Forenings Museum Displayed
activity 1833–1847. Years of important events:
– 1833 the Museum of the Danish Society of
Natural History (Naturhistorisk Forenings
Samlinger) was established together with
a private museum. The museum had 2 addresses during its lifetime: 1.) Wedells Palæ,
Ny Kongensgade 1 from 1833–35. 2.) Thotts
Palæ, Kongens Nytorv from 1835–47. – 1847
the collections were closed and auctioned.
Some specimens were purchased by Det kgl.
naturhistoriske Museum and other specimens
by the University museum. – Cardiid number
in Mörch’s accession book 1846–1853: #46
Cardium costatum, 1.
Naturhistorisk Museum i Aarhus. Museum of
Natural History, Aarhus University, Denmark.
Founded 1919. See under Collin’s collection
and Aarhus Museum.
Naturhistorisk Museum i København = Zoologisk Museum, Copenhagen. The establish-
76
j. hylleberg
ment of a new museum of Natural History
was decided and the law passed in 1862. The
museum was officially opened in Krystalgade
in 1870. The various collections, aggregated
over time, were fused, and new comprehensive material added, e.g. from Th. Mortensen’s
expeditions. Moved to a new address in Universitetsparken 1963. See under ZMUC.
naut. Abbr. of nautical mile.
Neapel Danish for Naples.
Neipel Old spelling of Naples.
neotype If no name-bearing type is believed to
exist, a neotype can be designated.
Nep. Abbr. of Neapel = Naples.
Nepl. Abbr. of Neapel = Naples.
NF See under N.F.
Nicklès malacologist. Identified cardiids from
the “Atlantide” Expedition 1946.
Nicobar also referred to as the Nicobars.
Niebuhr See under Forskål.
Nielsen, Claus Collected cardiids in Thailand,
Phuket 1985.
Nielsen, Georg Kürstein Sailor who donated
cardiids to ZM 1948.
Nielsen, P. Collected cardiids in the North Sea,
Fanø 1913 and in Italy 1966.
Nikobar Danish for the Nicobars.
Niqb. Abbr. of the Nicobars.
Niqbar. Abbr. of the Nicobars.
Niqbr. Abbr. of the Nicobars.
Niqueb. Abbr. of the Nicobars.
Niquebar Old Danish/German language for the
Nicobar Islands.
nix Meaning not. Used by Mörch on label.
no. See under n°
nob. abbreviated Latin > nobilis = can be recognised; indicates authorship on specimen labels
and in catalogues. Compare with m.
Nob. See under nob.
Noe scientist, Collected cardiids in the Mediterranean 1937.
non < L. meaning not.
Noona Dan Exp. Abbr. of The Noona Dan Expedition. Cardiids were collected in the Pacific
Ocean 1962.
Nord. Ins. Labor. Exp. Abbr. of “Nordisk Insulinlaboratory Expedition” to Tunesia and the
Mediterranean in 1938–39. Anton Fr. Bruun
was head of this expedition.
Norden, O. Collected cardiids in Greece 1987.
Nordhavet Danish word = Atlantic Ocean.
Nordl. Abbr. of Danish word “nordlig” = northern.
Nordmann, V. dr. Collected cardiids in Greenland 1907 & 1911 and in the Mediterranean
1912.
Nords. Abbr. of Nordsøen (Danish) = North
Sea.
Nordsøen Danish = the North Sea.
Norge Danish and Norwegian = Norway.
Nørregade 10 The Kommunitet building (see
also under kommunitet) of the University has
this address. It housed the new Natural Theater from 1770–1807. From 1807–1810 the
collections were stored here because a major
fire and bombardment by the British in 1807
destroyed much of the inner Copenhagen.
From 1810–1832 and again from 1838–1864
it housed collections of the Count Moltke Zoological Museum belonging to the University
(in short: Moltke’s University Museum = Det
grevelige Moltke’ske Universitetet tilhørende
Zoologisk Museum). according to Wolff 1999,
it housed specimens of the study collection
(Studiesamlingen) from 1918–1961. [From
1864–1961 according to Spärck 1945]. The
building still exists.
Norw. Abbr. of Norwegen. See under Norge.
Norwegen German language = Norway, Norge.
not available Pre-Linnean authors such as
Chemnitz, Martyn, and Meuschen are not
available for nomenclatural purposes.
Nt. Foren. Abbr. of Naturhistorisk Forening.
Ny Kongensgade 1. Address of Wedells Palæ
located at the corner of Frederiksholm and
Ny Kongensgade. It is a well kept grand
mansion from the 18 th century. It is owned by
the Wedell family and functioned as a winter
residence. From 1833–1835 it accommodated
the Museum of the Danish Society of Natural
History (Naturhistorisk Forenings Museum).
Nyst, Joseph Pierre-Henri (1813–1880) Belgian malacologist. The museum received
shells donated to Mörch when he visited Bruxelles 1873. No cardiids according to Mörch’s
accession book 1870–1889.
Ø Danish word meaning island.
O. F. Abbr. of Odense Fjord, Denmark.
O. Fbr Abbr. of Otto Fabricius.
O. G. J. Abbr. of O.G. Jensen before 1896.
cardiidae in the zoological museum, copenhagen
O. M. Abbr. not identified. Collected cardiids in
Øresund, Kallebodstrand 1861.
Oc. atl. Abbr. of Gr< Oceanus = world sea. L<
Atlanticus = connected with Mount Atlas.
Stands for Atlantic Ocean.
Oc. sept. glac. Abbr. of Gr< Oceanus = world
sea; L< septentrionalis = northern; glacialis =
icecold. Stands for The Arctic Ocean.
occidt. Abbr. of occidental = western.
ocean. See under Carlsberg f. ocean.
Ockelmannn Danish marine scientist. Identified
cardiids from Greenland for ZM.
Odhner, Niels Hjalmar (1884–1973). Swedish
malacologist. Zoological Museum in Uppsala
and Stockholm. Cooperated with ZM according to UZM entries in a diary. Identified cardiids from Th.Mortensen Expeditions in 1914,
1915, and 1930.
OFMull. Abbr. of O.F.Müller. See under Müller,
Otto Friedrich 1776.
old label Term is used if ZM labels are written by
unknown authors. Most of the old labels seem
to be 100 years or older based on paper quality
and handwriting.
Old, William Erwood Jr. (1928–1982) American malacologist. Collected cardiids at Sanibel Island 1966.
Oldnordisk Museum The Museum of Northern
Antiquities. On 31 August 1866, the museum received shells earlier submitted by Mr.
Thomsen from an unusual locality in East
India. Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s accession
book 1866–1872: #11 Cardium rusticum L.
non tenuis. #12 Cardium (Hemicardium)
hemicardium?
Oldr. Abbr. of Oldroy.
Olrik (1815–1870). Inspector, director with the
Royal Greenland trade, Godhavn, Greenland.
Submitted shells from the collection of deceased Inspector Møller (see under Møllers
Samling). He collected cardiids in Greenland
1859, 1860. Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s
accession book 1846–1853: #66 Cardium
islandicum, 2. #524 grønlandicum var. tumida. #525 echinatum, with gravel, 1844. 1/8.
#526 edule with 5/2, pl. – Cardiid numbers
in Mörch’s accession book 1853–1861: #19
Cardium ciliatum Fabr. 4. Clay and gravel 20
June 1860. #80 Cardium elegantulum Bk. 2.
Rittenbenk ca 100 fv. shell gravel, 30 October
77
1859. #109 Cardium ciliatum Fabr. juv. 6.
Rittenbenk ca. 60 fv. shell gravel, 12 October
1859. #110 Cardium elegantulum Bk. 1. Rittenbenk ca. 60 fv. shell gravel, 12 October
1859. #126 Cardium elegantulum Bk.- large
shell, 1. Upernavik 80–90 fv. shell gravel, 27
July 1860. #143 Serripes grønlandicus Ch.
non picta. 1+2. Christianshaab c. 10 fv rocks
& clay 06 Oct. 1859. #144 Cardium ciliatum
Fabr. Christianshaab c. 10 fv rocks & clay
06 Oct. 1859. #150 Cardium ciliatum Fabr.
2, Christianshaab c. 10 fv gravel and clay 06
Oct. 1859. #163a Cardium ciliatum Fabr. 2,
Christianshaab c. 10 fv gravel and clay 06 Oct.
1859. – Cardiid number in Mörch’s accession
book 1840–1867: #42. Cardium ciliatum Fab.
Ikarasak 140 fv. August 1860. – Cardiid number in Mörch’s accession book 1840–1867:
#6. Cardium ciliatum. Ikerasak, 80 fathoms.
Olsen Colony manager. He collected cardiids in
Greenland 1903.
Olsen, A. P. Assistant. Collected cardiids in
Greenland 1897 and 1898.
Olufsen Professor, handed over from the 5 th
Inspectorate. Cardiid number in Mörch’s accession book 1840–1867: #7. limestone with
Cardium mf. 508.
omkr. Abbr. of Danish omkring = around.
Opstillings-Catalog “Conchylierne i det kongelige naturhistoriske museum”. See under
KNM.
opt. Abbr. of optimal. Used on labels by Beck.
Orange Peel Grab Used for quantitative sampling of benthos, mainly in the USA.
oras Latin< ora maritima = coast.
Orbigny, A. d’. French malacologist. See under
d’Orbigny.
Öresund Swedish and old Danish spelling of
Øresund.
Øresund The Sound between Denmark and
Sweden which connects the Baltic with the
Kattegat.
orig. Abbr. used by Beck and Mörch to designate
original specimens described by Spengler and
others.
ornamentation Refers to spines, bars, ridges,
etc. on the shell surface.
Ørsted Captain, Copenhagen, 1898. According
to UZM entries in a diary.
Ørsted, Anders Sandø (1816–1872). Profes-
78
j. hylleberg
sor of botany. The museum received original
specimens used for the most outstanding work
”de regionibus marinis”. See under Johnstrup,
professor. Ørsted traveled to the former Danish West Indies & America 1845–1848. – As
senior master (Magister) in March 1849, he
collected West Indian shells. Cardiid number
in Mörch’s accession book 1840–1867: #88.
Cardium medium. S. Croix. #89. Cardium
muricatum. S. Croix. /1. drawing of the animal. #336. Cardium citrinum. #337. Cardium
isocardia. #338. Cardium leucostomum. #339.
Cardium muricatum. #340. Cardium medium.
Ørsted, H.C. (1777–1851). Professor of physics. In 1824 he founded The Society for
Propagation of Natural Science (Selskabet for
Naturlærens Udbredelse).
Ørting Student. Collected cardiids in USA 1867.
See under Sahlertz.
Øst Danish for east.
Ost. Ind. See under Ostindien.
Østergade 52 A stately house in Østergade, inner Copenhagen, housed the collection of The
Natural History Association (NaturhistorieSelskabet) from 1789–1805, and collections
of the Royal Natural History Museum (Det
kgl. naturhistoriske Museum) 1805–1821.
The house was demolished in 1912.
Østersøen Danish for the Baltic.
Østgrønland Ekspedition Expeditions to Jan
Mayen 1900 and East Greenland 1930.
Ostind. Abbr. of Ostindien.
Ostindien Danish for East India on labels.
Østl. del Danish meaning the eastern part.
Otterström See under Otterstrøm.
Otterstrøm, C.V. (1881–1962). �������������
Danish biologist, graduated 1906. Collected cardiids onboard ”Beskytteren” in Iceland 1903. Collected cardiids in Kattegat 1905.
Overman Collected cardiids in the West Indies
for the John Solomon coll.
p. Abbr. of page.
P. T. Abbr. of P. Thonning.
Packard, A.L. He submitted cardiids from
USA in 1866. Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s
accession book 1840–1867: #77. Cardium
Hayesii Stimps. Labrador 62. #78. Cardium
ciliatum. Labrador 91. #79. Cardium pinnulatum. Maine 6. #155. Cardium pinnulatum ?.
Fig. 44. Label in Posselt’s handwriting. The text reads Cardium echinatum L. Kattegat Petersen 1885.
Possibly a slip for Packard, A.S.
Packard, Alpheus Spring Jr. (1839–1905).
American naturalist.
pag. Abbr. of page.
Pair. Abbr. of Payraudeau, French malacologist.
Pankow, W. Collected cardiids in the Baltic
2002.
paralectotype Additional type specimens selected by the author of a previously described
species. See under lectotype.
paratype Additional type specimens selected
by the author. They may serve as vouchers in
other museums.
Parker, Robert Hallett (born 1922) American
naturalist. Collected, identified and donated
many American cardiids to ZMUC around
1960.
Patholog. Abbr. of pathological condition: valve
with blister inside. Reported in Serripes
groenlandicus 1848.
pathologisk See under Patholog.
Pe. Abbr. not identified. It could be Petersen.
Cardiids were collected in Panama 1872.
Pease, William Harper (1824–1871) American
malacologist. Honolulu, Hawaii. Cardiid number in Mörch’s accession book 1840–1867:
#236. Hemicardium fragum Radack Isld. According to Mörch’s dispatch book 1857–1868,
he received a shell collection with the cardiid
numbers #77 Cardium flavum. #269 Cardium
flavum. #270 Cardium æolicum Born = Cardium pectinatum L.
Pedersen From Nolsö, the Faroe Islands. Donated cardiids to ZM.
cardiidae in the zoological museum, copenhagen
Fig. 45. Portrait of C.G.Johs. Petersen dated 1 January 1913.
From photo in the Steenberg Picture Collection at ZMUC.
periostracal ribbons The outer horny periostracum (epidermis by early authors) forms
ribbons.
periostracum Outer layer on mollusc shells.
Persiske Danish for Persian.
Pet. bdh. See under Petersen bdh.
Pet. Chr. Abbr. not identified. Collected cardiids
in Japan 1903.
Petersen bdh. Abbr. of the Petersen bundhenter,
i.e. the grab invented by C.G.Johs. Petersen.
Petersen Bearer of name not identified. Collected cardiids before 1848 for the CVIII
collection.
Petersen Collected cardiids before 1886. The
person is most likely C.G.Johs. Petersen.
(Fig. 44).
Petersen, C. G. Johs. (1860–1928). dr. phil.
Director with the Danish biological Station (Den danske biologiske Station) from
1889–1926. – Dated 11 August, Mörch’s accession book 1870–1889 tells that Mr. cand
mag. C.G.Johs. Petersen collected a substantial amount of molluscs onboard the gun
boat (Kanonbaaden) ”Hauch” cruising in the
Kattegat 1883–86. The material was donated
79
to the museum and entered into the Danish
collection. Labels show: Kattegat Petersen
accompanied by a number from 1–522, which
refer to a map of the stations investigated
by Petersen. – Dated 13 September 1888,
Mörch’s accession book 1870–1889 tells that
C.G.Johs. Petersen collected Cardium edule
from material excavated during construction
of a canal at Gaardbo Lake. – He collected
cardiids in Iceland 1904. – See also under
Museet for Oldsager (Fig. 45).
Petersen, Chr. Collected subfossil cardiids in
Køkkenmødding 1905.
Petersen, Godtfred Høpner (born 1930) dr.
phil. Malacologist and curator of Mollusca.
Started to work for the ZMUC in 1961, retired
in 2000. Collected cardiids for the museum in
many countries.
Petersen, Johs. See under Petersen, C.G.Johs.
Peterson, H. Collected cardiids in the Baltic
1928.
Petit de la Saussaye (1792–1870). French malacologist (T 278). According to Beck 1836 N°
15: A collection of shells from de Petit #5
Cardium medium Antill. Cardium medium
var. squamosi.
Petit, Emil Collected cardiids in the Mediterranean 1883.
Petiver Provided American cardiids for the
Spengler collection before 1799.
Petiver, James (1665–1718). British naturalist.
Pfaff dr. Collected cardiids in Greenland, the bay
at Egedesminde. Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s
accession book 1853–1861: #11 Cardium
grønlandicum, 1. #12 Cardium, subfossil, 1/4.
#13 Cardium ciliatum Fabr. 1. #59 Cardium
ciliatum Fabr. 5, in alcohol, from Rettenbenk.
– Cardiid number in Mörch’s accession book
1840–1867: #28. Cardium ciliatum. – Submitted a collection of molluscs to the museum.
Cardiid number in Mörch’s accession book
1870–1889: #58. Cardium grønlandicum
(spcm. missing).
pg. Abbr. of Latin < pagina = page. Used on
labels by Collin.
phi The 16 th letter in the Greek alphabet.
Phil. Abbr. of Philippi.
Philipp. Abbr. of the Philippines
Philippi Professor. Identified cardiids for ZM.
See under Møller, H.P.C.
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j. hylleberg
Fig. 46. Front page by Posselt “Universitetets Zoologiske
Museums Tilgangsjournal for Bløddyr. Initiated 20 May
1889, terminated 31 December 1937”. It is an accession book.
The Fig. is slightly compressed.
Philippi, Rudolf Amandus (1808–1904) German malacologist.
Philippin. Abbr. of the Philippines.
Philippinerne Danish for the Philippines.
Phillipines See under the Philippines.
Philp. Abbr. of the Philippines
pi See under phi.
Pingel, Christian (1793–1852). dr. phil. KM
junior inspector, mineralogy. Østergade from
1829–42, KM senior inspector, Østergade
from 1845–52. KM inspector, mineralogy
from 1842–52. – Dated 1866, he received a
shell collection from the museum. Cardiid
numbers in Mörch’s dispatch book 1857–
1868: #151 Cardium ciliatum. #152 Cardium
grønlandicum.
PMBC Abbr. of Phuket Marine Biological Center, Thailand, the Andaman Sea.
Poli Stands for the publication by Poli “Testacea
....” 1791.
Poli, Guiseppe Saviero or Josepho Xaveirio
(1746–1825). Italian malacologist.
Port phil. Abbr. of Port Philip Australia
Port. Abbr. of Portugal
Portland’s Catalogue The catalogue edited by
Solander 1786 when the Portland collection
was sold.
Posselt et al. (T 290). Mollusca Tilgang 1889–
1937 U.Z.M. Printed on spine only. [Accession catalogue] Initiated by Posselt 20 May
1889. Posselt’s last contribution 1896. Terminated 31 December 1937. The Journal was
copied in 1944.
Posselt et al. 1870–89 (T 289). UZM Tilgangsjournal for Bløddyr 1870–89. Index by Posselt
Accession book. Mörch deceased 1878 and
he wrote his last entry that year. After that
time there are less detailed and fewer entries.
Cardiids are mentioned but usually not at the
specific level.
Posselt et al. 1889–1937 (T 290). Universitetets Zoologiske Museums Tilgangsjournal
for Bløddyr 1870–89. Initiated 20 May 1889,
terminated 31 December 1937. Accession
book. (Fig. 46).
Posselt et al. 1890–1921 (T 297). AfgangsJournal for Molluskerne. Paabegyndt Efteraar
1890. Signed Posselt. Dispatch book. His first
contribution to the dispatch book was written
during the fall 1890 and his last contribution
in April 1891. (Fig. 47).
Posselt labels Many labels were written by Posselt from 1876–1893.
Posselt, Henrik Julian (1861(?63)–1896). Assistant curator of molluscs at the Zoological
Fig. 47. Front page by Posselt et al. “Universitetets Zoologiske Museums Afgangs-Journal for Molluskerne. Paabegyndt Efteraar 1890. Signed Posselt”. It is a dispatch book. The
Fig. is slightly compressed.
cardiidae in the zoological museum, copenhagen
Museum, Copenhagen, 1889–1895. His handwriting is very stylish and easy to read. He
identified cardiids from Greenland in 1892.
Post. Abbr. of posterior.
Poulsen dr. phil. Councellor of justice. Received
a shell collection encompassing 36 Red Sea
species; not specified in Mörch’s dispatch
book 1857–1868.
Poulsen, Christian Marinus (1818–1885) dr.
phil. Danish shell collector. Submitted shells
from Flensburg November 1864. Mediterranean and Caribbean cardiids and fossils stem
from his collection.
Poulsen, Erik M. (1900–1985). dr. phil. Member
of NF 1919. Collected cardiids in Colombia
1948.
Powell Identified Australian cardiids for ZM
1914.
Powell, A. W. B. (1901–1987). Malacologist
from New Zealand.
Prins Danish for Prince. Also spelled Prinds.
Prinsens Palæ Mansion modified and rebuilt
many times by various kings since its start
in 1684. Today it is part of the building complex of the National Museum flanked by Ny
Vestergade on one side and Stormgade on the
opposite side. The mansion is located in inner
Copenhagen in a quarter called Frederiksholm. It is near Holsteins Mansion (see under
Stormgade 10). It served as domicile for the
museum of the Natural History Association
from 1789–1805.
Prosch dr. Ship doctor. Donated shells collected
24 May–12 July 1848. Cardiid number in
Mörch’s accession book 1846–1853: #144
Cardium, Guinea, 4/2. – From his travel to the
West Indies 2 January 1849. Cardiid number
in Mörch’s accession book 1846–1853: #69
Cardium, 1. – Collected cardiids for NF c/o Japetus Steenstrup, among others in Guinea and
the Channel between England and France. I
have not found verifable references to Prosch,
but a possibility could be Ferdinand Victor
Alphons Prosch who was co-author with J. H.
Reinhardt in 1846.
Prunner Submitted cardiids from Sardinia to the
CVIII coll.
Pt. rico. Abbr. of Puerto Rico
Pten. Abbr. of Petersen
Ptrsn. Abbr. of Petersen
81
Pugg. Abbr. of Puggaard.
Puggaard, Christopher dr. phil. As a graduate
he collected cardiids in Cuba 1848 and in
Matanzas. Shells from travel to England 16
January 1849. Id. Puggaard. He collected fossil cardiids in Messina (Scolpo) 1867. Cardiid
number in Mörch’s accession book 1846–
1853: #21 Cardium truncatum Phil. t.13 f. 14,
Yorkshire. Lias. 2. – The museum received
his collection October 1866. Cardiid numbers
in Mörch’s accession book 1866–1872: #548
Cardium semistriatum Lond. Clay Whiteclif
Bay, Wight. #609 C. Hillanum Sow. #549
Cardium truncatum Phil. t.13 f. 14. Mountain
Lias, Starthes. 912. #550 Cardium truncatum
Phil. t.13 f. 14. Mountain Lias. #551 Cardium
papillatum [sic] Poli. Phil. Brochi t. xiii f.1.
Militello 3. Cardium cognatum Phil. t. 9.
f.14. Inf. Oolite Dundry, Bristol. 911. #557
Cardium lævigatum L. Militello. 283. #588
Cardium edule L. Messina (Scolpo) Tertiary.
pustules Small projections from the periostracum.
Resembling blisters or pimples.
R. Abbr. of the British malacologist L.A.Reeve:
“Conchological Iconica” published 1844–45.
Abbr. on old labels.
R. Hg. Abbr. of the Danish zoologist R. Hørring.
R. Ic. f. Abbr. of Reeve Icones figure.
R.-Bell Collected cardiids in Australia. See under
Bell.
R. C. Abbr. of Red Crag, in catalogue.
R. H. P. Abbr. not identified. Submitted cardiids
to ZM in 1890 & 1893.
R. H. S. Abbr. of R.H.Stamm.
R. Hg. Abbr. of R.Hørring.
Rading M. Collected cardiids in Japan.
Rafn C. G. (1769–1808). Judge (Assessor, an
obsolete Danish Title). Active in the Management of KM from 1801–08.
Ragna Th. Mortensen was onboard the vessel
“Ragna” 1905. He collected cardiids at Herthas Flak, Denmark.
Rahurkar Donated cardiids from Bombay
1965.
Rasch Collected cardiids in Kattegat 1883.
Rasmussen, Erik (1918–2005). dr. phil. Staff of
the mollusc section at ZMUC. He collected
cardiids for the museum in Mexico and at
Sapelo Island 1964, 1971. (Fig. 48).
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Fig. 48. Erik Rasmussen rewrote a large number of old labels.
The actual Fiji specimen was not identified when the label
was written.
Rasmussen, Niclas Donated cardiids from Faroe
Island, North Atlantic 1905.
Ravn (T 278). According to Beck 1836, N° 15:
Received from regimental surgeon Ravn. No
number: Cardium elongatum from Tortola
Collected cardiids in former Danish West Indies for N.F. 1835. – Submitted shells from
St. Thomas in 1837. Cardiid number in Beck’s
accession catalogue 1837–39: #32 Cardium
bullatum juvenile (ung).
Ravn, J. P. J. Graduate. Min. Museum Kbh.
(Copenhagen) 1901. According to UZM entries in a diary.
Reagentsg. Stands for test tube (reagensglas in
Danish).
red cross See under Schumacher.
Redf. Abbr. of J.H.Redfield. Published “Description of some new species ...” 1848.
Redfield, John Howard (1815–95). American
malacologist.
Reeve, Lovell Augustus (1814–1865). British
shell dealer and malacologist. Sold shells to
His Royal Highness in May 1838. Cardiid
number in Beck’s accession catalogue 1837–
39: #42 Cardium n. sp. 5 shilling. (Fig. 49).
Regenf. Abbr. of Regenfuss.
Regenfuss, Franz Michael (1712–1780). Danish malacologist. He published “Auserlesene
Schnecken Muscheln ....” in 1758.
Regf. Stands for the publication of Regenfuss
1758.
Reikiavik Old spelling of Reykjavik used on
labels by Mörch.
Reinh. or Reinh: Abbr. of Reinhard (sic); cardi-
ids from Reinhardt’s collection. See under Reinhardt, J.H. and Magazine Catalogue 1829.
Reinhard See under Reinhardt.
Reinhardt As a graduate he donated shells to the
Museum 2. April 1848. Mörch noted: those
marked with ! should enter the collection.
Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s accession book
1846–1853: #20 Cardium magnum Chem.
Jonas. 1! (entered). #21 C. echinatum, 2. #22
C. muricatum, 1. #23 C. isocardium [sic]. #24
C. medium, 1. #25 C. edule, 2.
Reinhardt, Johannes Hagemann (1776–1845).
Professor zoologiae 1813–1845, inspector at
KM in Østergade from 1806–21. Promoted
to senior inspector at “Det kgl. naturhistoriske Museum” (KM) from 1842–45. Also
active regarding “Grev Moltkes Universitet
tilhørende Museum”. Signed the collection
catalogue from “Kunstkammeret” (see under
Frederik III) together with H. Beck in 1829.
(Fig. 50).
Reinhardt, Johannes Theodor (1816–1882).
Son of Johannes Hagemann Reinhardt. KM
Fig. 49. Reeve’s portrait. From the Steenberg Picture Collection at ZMUC.
cardiidae in the zoological museum, copenhagen
Fig. 50. Johannes Hagemann Reinhardt’s signature 1829,
countersigned by H. Beck. Compressed text.
inspector 1848 (succeeded his father). Professor 1854, extraordinary docent in zoology at
the university 1861. Inspector at P.V. Lund’s
Paleontological Museum (Det Lund’ske
palæontologiske Museum). Participated in
the First Galathea Expedition 1845–47.
Reinhardt’s Galathea cat. (T 314a). Results
from the first Galathea-Expedition. Dated November 1864 professor J. Reinhardt prepared
a catalogue of dry material collected from the
corvette ”Galathea” which sailed around the
world. The catalogued material was handed
over to the Geological Museum of the University. Reinhardt catalogued n° 222 Cardium
flavum from the Nicobar Islands. (Fig. 51).
Reinhart See under Reinhardt.
Rev. Abbr. of Reventlow.
Reventl. See under Reventlow.
Reventlow, C. D. Danish Count, president of the
exchequer, active in the Royal Commission
1796 founding the Royal Museum of Natural
History (KM) at Rosenborg. The Commission
Fig. 51. Johannes Theodor Reinhardt’s signature 1864 in
the Catalogue of the First “Galathea” Expedition 1848-47.
Compressed text.
83
dissolved in 1829. Active in the Management
of KM from 1796–1827.
Reventlow, Christian Ditlev Frederik (1748–
1827). Danish Count, Prime Minister.
Revtl. Abbr. of Reventlow. He submitted cardiids from Brazil.
RH Abbr. of R.Hørring used on ZM labels and
shells.
RHS. See under Stamm.
Ribe Collected tropical cardiids 1860.
Riibe Skole Ribe public school, Denmark. Received cardiids from ZM according to Book
of Dispatch Cardium isocardia, Cardium
leucostomum, Cardium flavum. – 2 Sept.
1860. Cardiid number in Mörch’s accession
book 1853–1861: #191. Cardium cardissa,
C. unedo.
Riise, Albert Henrik (1810–1882). Etatsraad (titular Councillor of State), justitsraad (Counsellor) and pharmacist. Settled as pharmacist in
St. Thomas, the West Indies, 1838. Returned
to Denmark 1868. Collected cardiids in former Danish West Indies during the mid-1800.
He had a large collection, which included
shells donated to him by the Zoological Museum in 1849 c/o Mörch. Cardiid number in
Mörch’s accession book 1846–1853 (11 October 1850): #25 Cardium soleniforme, Brug.
1. – June 1860. Cardiid number in Mörch’s
accession book 1853–1861: #508 Cardium
antillarum, St. Thomas, 8. – Received from
ZM according to Book of Dispatch #180 Cardium grønlandicum alpha fos. ? #181 Cardium
islandicum alpha fos. ? – 17 Jan. 1893, Book
of Dispatch #95 Cardium flavum L. 3. – 29
November 1849. ZM Book of Dispatch #31
Cardium groenlandicum Ch. 2. #32 Cardium
islandicum Ch. 3. #33 Cardium elegantulum
Beck, 1. #61 Cardium edule, Grimstad, 1.
#73 Cardium flavum L. (From the Red Sea
collected by Forskål). – Submitted Greenland
shells collected by Ltn Jensen. Material from
cand. Steenstrup. Cardiid number in Mörch’s
accession book 1870–1889: #561 Cardium
grønlandicum.
Riise, F. stud. mag. See under Collin’s collection.
Rinck See under Rink, H.
Rink the vessel “Rink” operated in Greenland
1912.
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Rink, Hinrich Johannes (1819–1893). Danish
geologist. Participated in the First Galathea
Expedition. Collected cardiids in the Nicobar
Islands. – Donated shells to ZM. Cardiid number in Mörch’s accession book 1846–1853: #5.
Cardium magnum Ch. sine loc. 1. < Shipped
from Julianehaab, Greenland. Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s accession book 1853–1861:
#34 Cardium ciliatum Fabr. 1. #35 Cardium
elegantulum, 1.
Rkvk. Abbr. of Reykjavik, the capital of Iceland.
R-Lund, Grace Collected cardiids in the Persian
Gulf after 1960.
Rødehav Danish language for the Red Sea.
Röding, Peter Frederich (1767–1846). German
malacologist (T 278). According to Beck 1836
N° 1: Opened a box sent by Röding (cf. Journal 5/6 36.). The box contained # 13. Cardium
donaciforme 1 (unit of currency; see under
“a”). According to Beck 1836 N° 6: excellent
species from Röding sent to the museum #10
Cardium n. Sp.
Roed’s coll. His collection contained cardiids
from East Africa.
Roepke Collected cardiids in the Philippines.
Roeppstorff, de Widow. Left her shell collection
from the Andaman Islands to the National
Museum of Denmark (Nationalmuseet). This
museum passed on the collection to the Zoological Museum on 15 February 1897, according to the accession book 1889–1937.
Roepstorff, A. de Governor of the Andaman
Islands. Donated a shell collection through
prof. Reinhardt 11 April. – Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s accession book 1870–1889:
#617 Cardium (Liocardium) #618 Cardium
cardissa. #619 Cardium cardissa. – He donated shells from Port Blair or the Nicobar Isl.
through Mr. E. Becken 1874. Cardiid numbers
in Mörch’s accession book 1870–1889: #62
Cardium cardissa. #63 Cardium cardissa.
#64 Cardium cardissa. #65 Cardium cardissa.
– He donated shells from the Andaman Isl.
November 1875. Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s
accession book 1870–1889: #238. Cardium
sp. #239. Cardium sp. #240. Cardium cardissa
L.
Roespstorf Alternative spelling of Roepstorff.
Römer, F. Dr. Carl Ferdinand Römer (1818–
1891). German malacologist working in
America. Donated shells from USA, 10
November 1856. Cardiid number in Mörch’s
accession book 1853–1861: #4. Cardium ventricosum, Galveston, Texas, 1,
Ropstorf Alternative spelling of Roepstorff.
Röpstorf Alternative spelling of Roepstorff.
Ropstorff Alternative spelling of Roepstorff.
Rosenborg Castle Construction of Rosenborg
castle started 1606. Summer retreat for king
Christian IV outside the old defense works;
construction took place in several steps. Today
the castle is located in central Copenhagen.
It accommodated The Royal Natural History
Museum (KM) from 1804–1821.
Roskilde Latinskole Roskilde grammar school,
Denmark. Dispatch June 1851. ZM Book of
Dispatch #83 Cardium laevigatum Chem.
West Indies, 1. #84 Cardium cardissa L. East
Indies.
Rostrup Teacher at a teacher’s college. Collected
shells on the Faroe Islands 1867. Cardiid number in Mörch’s accession book 1866–1872:
#10. Cardium edule L.
Rothe Headmaster in Uddevalla. Cardiid number
in Mörch’s accession book 1840–1867: #45.
Cardium edule.
Rothes Meer German language for the Red
Sea.
Rübe Collected tropical cardiids for ZM.
rubic. Abbr. of rubicundum.
Rumpf Reference to G.E.Rumph 1766, a German edition of Rumphius 1711. Not available
for nomenclatural purposes.
Rumph, Georg Eberhard (1627–1702). Dutch
naturalist. Published “Amboinsche Rariteitkamer ....” in 1705 so he never saw his work
in print. Not available for nomenclatural
purposes.
RV Abbr. of right valve.
Rv. Abbr. of Reeve on labels by Beck.
Ryberg Assistant, Julianehåb, Greenland. Collected cardiids in 1881. Mörch’s accession
book 1870–1889: Cardium ciliatum Fabr.
without cat. number.
Ryder Lieutenant. Collected cardiids in Greenland 1863, 1887. Dated 29 September 1892 he
submitted cardiids from the East Greenland
Expedition. Cardiid numbers in the accession
book 1889–1937: #15 Cardium ciliatum. Sta-
cardiidae in the zoological museum, copenhagen
tionen. #16 Cardium ciliatum. Danmarks Ø.
Rygen Island in the Baltic.
S. Abbr. of Schumacher used by Beck and
Mörch.
S. Abbr. of Senegal in Adanson’s publication
from 1757.
S. Ill. f. Abbr. of Sowerby, Illustrations, figure.
(Sowerby: Conchological Illustrations).
S. Jen Old spelling of the island St. Jean, the
West Indies.
S. C. Abbr. of South Carolina.
S. I. Abbr. of Sowerby, Illustrations.
S. Ill. Stands for “Conchological Illustrations” by
Sowerby 1833–1840.
S. J. f. Abbr. of Sowerby: Conchological Illustrations fig.
s. n. Abbr. of “Systema naturae” by Linnaeus
1758. See also under SN.
S. Th. Abbr. of S. Thomas, the West Indies.
SA Abbr. of South Africa.
Sa. Abbr. not identified. Written on label in connection with Talmadge.
Sæmundsen, B. See under Sæmundsson.
Sæmundson See under Sæmundsson.
Saemundsson See under Sæmundsson.
Saemundsson, B. See under Sæmundsson.
Sæmundsson, Bjarni (1867–1940). Dr. phil.
Icelandic zoologist onboard ”Thor” 1900.
Collected cardiids in Iceland 1900, 1901.
Sahlertz cand. phil. The museum received shells
collected by stud. Ørting. Cardiid number in
Mörch’s accession book 1866–1872: #3 Cardium sp. Florida.
Sallingsund The ship “Sallingsund” was used to
collect cardiids in Storebælt 1912.
saml. Abbr. of Danish word “samling” = collection.
Sander, F. Collected cardiids in the West Indies
1978.
Sardi. Abbreviation. See under Sardinien.
Sardinien Danish language for Sardinia, the
Mediterranean.
Sars, Michael (1805–1869). Norwegian zoologist and Pastor of Manger (Mangor on
labels) at Bergen, Norway. See also under
Steenstrup.
Sass, Heu Collected cardiids in China for ZM.
See under Friis.
Savig. Abbr. of Savigny.
Savigny, Marie J.C.D. (1777–1851). French
85
naturalist.
Sch. Abbr. of Schumacher.
Sch. E. Abbr. of Schröter’s Einleitung. See under
Schröter.
Sch: Ess: Abbr. of Schumacher’s “Essai d’un
nouveaux…”1817.
Sch: Terminated with colon. See under Schumacher.
Schimmelmann, E. (1747–1831). Count. Active
in the Management of KM from 1796–1829.
Schiødte professor, received a study collection.
Cardiid number in Mörch’s dispatch book
1857–1868: #59 Cardium echinatum.
Schiøtte, Tom Assistant curator. Started to work
for the ZMUC in 1977.
Schiøtz Pharmacist, Odense, Denmark. He donated shells to the museum 1874. Cardiid
number in Mörch’s accession book 1870–
1889: #3 Cardium echinatum. Entrance to
Odense Fjord.
Schjonh. See under Schønheyder.
Schjønh. See under Schønheyder.
Schm. Abbr. of Schumacher.
Schneider, Sp. Collected cardiids in Norway
(1891). See under Sparre-Schneider.
Scholt. Abbr. of von Scholten.
Scholten, Peter Carl Frederik (1784–1854).
Governor of the former Danish West Indies.
He started to work on St. Thomas in 1814.
He was called back to Denmark after he had
liberated the slaves in 1848 against the official
policy. He submitted cardiids to the collection
of CVIII.
Schon. Abbr. of von Scholten.
Schönh. See under Schønheyder.
Schønh. See under Schønheyder.
Schönheider Collected cardiids in the Indian
Ocean, Tranquebar, India. See under Schønheyder.
Schønheyder, Ulrich Anton (1775–1858). Naval officer, Danish Interim Governor of
Tranquebar 1822–24. Referred to as Schönh.,
Schjønh., or Schjonh. These abbreviations
appear on ZM labels from the period Schønheyder served in Tranquebar.
Schou, H. H. 1876 (T 322). Catalogue listing 564
species in Schou’s shell collection. Second
edition printed in Copenhagen (Kjøbenhavn)
1 January 1876. Cardiid numbers in the catalogue: #540 Cardium edule L. (416) Denmark.
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#541 Cardium (Trachycardium Mörch) muricatum L. (419). Antill. #542 Cardium flavum
L. (424) Ost. Ind. #543 Cardium (Liocardium
Sws) citrinum (428) Antill. #544 Cardium
(Fragum Bolt) unedo L. (437) the Nicobar
Isl.
Schousboe, Peder Worked in Morocco as a
botanist, later as a Danish consul. Collected
cardiids in 1832.
Schr. E. Abbr. of Schröter Einleitung. See under
Schröter.
Schr. Einl. Abbr. of Schröter Einleitung. See
under Schröter.
Schroet. Abbr. of Schröter.
Schrøt. Abbr. of Schröter.
Schröt. Einl. Abbr. of Schröter Einleitung. See
under Schröter.
Schröter, Johan Samuel (1735–1808). German
malacologist. He published an introduction
to the knowledge of shells: “Einleitung in die
Conchylien-kenntniss ...” 1784 & 1786.
Schumacher, Chrétien Fréderic Schumacher’s
first names spelled in French.
Schumacher, Heinrich Christian Friederich
(1757–1830). Medical doctor, anatomist, surgeon, botanist, and a good artist. He retired
from medicine for a period and completed a
classification of molluscs (Essai, etc.) published in 1817. His classification was mainly
based on shell characters. It was both praised
and criticised by fellow scientists. He did
not publish other books on molluscs. Schumacher’s original shell material is marked
with a cross in red-brown ink. See under
Schumacher-cross.
Schumacher’s collection (T 282). Loose pages
with T 282. Fortegnelse paa de i det grevelige,
Universitetet tilhörende Zoologiske Museum
opbevarede Muslinger, som er Originalstykker for Afbildninger, Beskrivelser eller Benævnelser i Professor Schumachers større
Værk “Essay d’un nouveaux Systeme des habitations des vers testacés avec xxii planches
par Chretien Frederic Schumacher a Copenhague 1817” ved Japetus Steenstrup Museets
Bestyrer 1846. One cardiid mentioned: #75
Cardium isocardia Linn. Reference to page
158, Figure 4, xvi. This specimen is present
at ZM.
Schumacher’s collection (T 311). Not dated,
Fig. 52. Part of Steenstrup’s catalogue T 311 dealing with
Schumacher’s species. Steenstrup’s handwriting: Conchylia
Musei Schumacheriani. The Fig. is slightly compressed.
not signed. The Catalogue T 311 deals with
Schumacher’s species. Steenstrup’s handwriting. A draft for T 282. The sequence
of information is running number, species,
and number of specimens. – Cardium #437
costatum. 1. #438 C. coronatum. 2. #439 C.
simplex. 2. #440 C. rigens (sic) = ringens. 1.
#441 C. tuberculatum. 2. #442 C. isocardium
[sic]. 1. occident. 3. #443 C. æquilaterum. 1.
#444 C. muricatum. 1. #445 C. ustulatum. 1.
3. 1. 1. #446 C. lutescens. 2. #447 C. album.
6. #448 C. aculeatum. 2. #449 C. echinatum.
2. #450 C. impressum. 1. #451 not used. #452
C. leucostomium (sic). 1. #453 C. islandicum.
2. ex Groenland. 3. #454 C. rusticum. 2. #455
C. edule. 1. #456 C. pectinatum. 1. #457 C.
groenlandicum. 4. #458 C. palleus. 1. #459
C. laevigatum 4. #460 C. serratum. 1. #461 C.
soleniforme. 2. #462 C. chinense. 1. #463 C.
medium. 5. #464 C. unedo. 1. #465 C. retusum.
3. #466 C. imbricatum. 1. #467 C. cardissa. 4.
#468 C. excavatum. 1. #469 C. replicatum. 1.
Schumacher’s collection Steenstrup’s cat. 1846
(T 282). �����������������������������
“Conchiilien Musei Schumacherium” En Fortegnelse optagen ved Museets
Overtagelse i Aaret 1846 ved Japetus Steenstrup. Steenstrup used the numbers 437–469.
I have not included number of specimens
and remarks by Steenstrup. #437 Cardium
costatum Sch. p. 158. #438 C. coronatum.
#439 C. simplex. #440 C. ringens. #441 C.
tuberculatum. #442 C. isocardium [sic] Sch.
p. 158. #443 C. æquilaterum. #444 C. muricatum. #445 C. ustulatum. #446 C. lutescens.
#447 C. album. #448 C. aculeatum. #449 C.
echinatum. #450 C. impressum. #451 not used
cardiidae in the zoological museum, copenhagen
Fig. 53. Characteristic Schumacher labels. The letter m:
[marked <] is Schumacher’s indication of a species coined
by him. However, the species was never published, so the
name is not valid. Text on Schumacher’s labels Cardium
isocardium 4. Lin: and Cardium ustulatum 7. m:
by Steenstrup. #452 C. leucostomum. #453
C. islandicum ex Greenland. Sch. p. 159.
#454 C. rusticum. #455 C. edule. #456 C.
pectinatum. #457 C. groenlandicum. #458 C.
palleus. #459 C. laevigatum Sch. p. 159. #460
C. serratum. #461 C. soleniforme Sch. p. 159.
#462 C. chinense. #463 C. medium. #464 C.
unedo. #465 C. retusum. #466 C. imbricatum.
#467 C. cardissa. #468 C. excavatum. #469 C.
replicatum. (Fig. 52).
Schumacher’s labels He wrote tiny labels on
hand-made paper. The information is limited
to the species name in Latin [occasionally also
French]. He continued with his own cat. Number. Occasionally he also wrote abbreviated
references to Chemnitz, number of specimens,
locality, and Lin: if the species was described
by Linnaeus or m: if it was his own manuscript
name. (Fig. 53).
Schumacher-cross Refers to the particular cross
in red ink written inside shells from the Schumacher collection. The “+” may have turned
brown or faded over the years.
Schwarzes Meer German language for the Black
Sea.
Schytt, O. H. Technological University, Copenhagen (Polyth. exam.). He donated shells
from Singapore? 12 September 1868. Cardiid
numbers in Mörch’s accession book 1866–
1872: #19 Cardium flavum L. #20 Cardium
cardissa L.
Scripps Inst. of Oceanography Scripps Institution of Oceanography, USA.
Seb. Abbr. of Seba.
87
Seba, Alberto (1665–1736). Dutch malacologist. He published “Locupletissimi Rerum
Naturalium Thesauri” in 1758. Not available
for nomenclatural purposes.
Sehested, Ove R. (1757–1838). Active in Naturhistorie-Selskabet 1789–1805.
Seid. J.N. See under Seidlin.
Seidlin Collected cardiids in the Indian Ocean
for CVIII.
Sekelin Not identified. The name appears on
Mörch’s label together with Signe.
Sell, Henrik Danish amateur malacologist. Collected cardiids in Kattegat 1890–1911.
sensu Latin < sensu = judgment. Meaning according to.
seu Latin < seu = sive = provided with.
Sg Abbr. of subgenus.
shells extracted from corals 1870–73. Shells
from the coral collection of the museum.
Cardiid number in Mörch’s accession book
1870–1889: #18 Cardium (Liocardium) sp.
Siam Old name for Thailand.
sic Latin < in this way. Indicates that the preceding quotation is literal. Often inserted within
brackets.
Sicyly or Sicÿlÿ Spelling of Sicily by H. Cuming.
Sieb (or Lieb.) Abbr. not identified.
Signe Not identified. Appears on Mörch label
together with ?Sekelin.
Simpson Dr. Dated December 1863, he received
a shell collection from ZM. Cardiid number
in Mörch’s dispatch book 1857–1868: #33
Serripes grønlandicum.
Simpson, Charles Torrey (1846–1932). American malacologist.
sine loc. Abbr. used on labels. L< sine = without,
loc. = locality.
Singa. Abbr. of Singapore in catalogue.
sive Latin < sive = provided with.
Skagen The northern tip of Jutland, Denmark.
Skagerak Old spelling of Skagerrak
Skagerrak Sea between the North Sea and Kattegat.
sm See under sml.
Smaaøerne Danish for the small islands. On
labels by Th.Mortensen.
Smithsonian Inst. Wash. Abbr. of the Smithsonian Institution Washington
sml Abbr. of Danish sømil = nautical miles
88
j. hylleberg
SN. Abbr. of Linné’s Systema Naturae. Used in
connection with 12th edition, 1767.
Snegle Danish language = gastropods.
Snekkersten Village located north of Copenhagen. Cardiid number in Mörch’s accession
book 1853–1861: #10. Cardium echinatum,
2. The specimens were purchased from fisherman, 1857.
Soc. hist. nat. Abbr. of the French Societé
d’histoire Naturelle.
Solander, Daniel Carlsson (1733–1782). Employed by the Duchess of Portland as a naturalist. Issued the Portland Catalogue 1786. See
also under Lightfoot.
Sold. P. C. Stands for Solander’s Portland Catalogue.
solider (name not mentioned). He sold shells
from the Skaw (Skagen). Cardiid number in
Mörch’s accession book 1840–1867: #16.
Cardium edule.
Solomon, John Collected cardiids in West Indies
before 1848.
Somer, Jean Identical with Sommer, Jan.
Sommer S. Jan, dr. According to Mörch’s accession book 1866–1872, he collected cardiids in
former Danish West Indies.
Søndergaard, A. Collected cardiids in the Mediterranean 1961.
Sørensen Pastor. Collected cardiids in North
Greenland 1894, 1899.
Sørensen, W. Graduate, cand. mag. Submitted
a shell collection from hofjægermester E.v.
Benzon 1878. Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s accession book 1870–1889: #38 Cardium sp. El
Araish (Morocco). #39 Cardium sp. El Araish.
#39 Cardium sp. El Araish. #39 Cardium sp.
El Araish.
Sov. Abbr. of Sowerby.
Sow. Abbr. of Sowerby.
Sow. Ill. See under Sow. Ill.
Sow. Ill. Stands for Sowerby’s “Conchological
Illustrations”.
Sow. Jr. Pr. Stands for Sowerby in [Zoological]
Journal Proceedings 1833.
Sowb. Abbr. of Sowerby.
Sowerby, George Brettingham (1788–1854).
British malacologist and shell dealer. Published “Conchological Illustrations” 1833–
1840.
sp. Abbr. of species.
Sp. Abbr. of Spengler used by Mörch.
sp. n. Abbr. of new species L< species = a kind,
division of a genus; nova). Identical with nov.
sp.
Spärck, Ragnar (1896–1965). Professor zoologiae, Copenhagen University. Curator of
molluscs at the museum. From 1919 till 1936
he wrote entries for the accession book 1889–
1937. His handwriting is very fast and difficult
to read, sometimes impossible. He collected
cardiids in Italy and Portugal 1930.
Sparre-Schneider Museum conservator, Tromsø Museum, Norway. Dated 20 June 1891 he
submitted Cardium elegantulum Beck (accession book 1889–1937).
Sparu Schudi Misspelling of Sparre Schneider
on label.
spcm. Abbr. of specimen(s).
specimen Shell kept as an example to illustrate
a species. The word individual has the same
meaning.
Speerschneider, K. Collected cardiids in Australia 1925.
Spengl. See under Spengler.
Spengler, Johan Conrad (1767–1839). Curator
of art at the royal collection, state councellor
(Kunstkammerforvalter, Direktør, Justitsraad,
Estatsraad). Son of Lorenz Spengler, curator
of art at the royal collection (Kunstkammeret).
He returned from travel abroad in 1789 and
started as curator. The castle Christiansborg
burnt 1795, but many paintings in the castle
and the Kunstkammer collection were saved
thanks to Spengler’s heroic efforts. After his
father’s death he took over the management
of art at the royal collection. His main interest
was fine arts, so he did not continue his father’s
work with natural science. – In 1823 J.C.
Spengler signed a receipt with all catalogue
numbers of Lorenz Spengler’s shell collection
after its transfer from the Royal Art Museum
to the Royal Natural History Museum. See
also under Wad and CVIII.
Spengler, Lorenz (1720–1807). Master turner
at the royal court, curator (Kunstkammerforvalter) of art at the royal collection (Kunstkammeret). Personality according to Bricka:
very skillful, kind, fair, thoughtful of others,
and popular with everybody. He started as
curator in 1771 and worked in this position
cardiidae in the zoological museum, copenhagen
Fig. 54. Portrait of Spengler deposited at the ZM: Lorenz
Spengler. Curator of Art with the Royal: Danish: Art Collection: the Art Chamber. Member of the Rom: Emperial: Citizen
of Zürich in: Berlin: Naturf: Gesellsch: Cornel Höyier del.
Meno Haas Scul. Copenhagen 1776.
until his death. In 1799 Spengler published an
overview of cardiids, including descriptions
of new species. Spengler received tempting
offers to sell all his shell collections abroad,
but he sold them to the Danish State in 1804.
Today they are preserved at the ZMUC in the
special collections. A painting and a copper of
Spengler are available. (Figs. 54, 55).
Spengler’s catalogue 1775 (T 274). “Description of the shell collection in the royal Chamber of Art, previously not properly described
and not numbered at all”. Dated Copenhagen
1775, the inventory describes the king’s collection of natural history objects, referred to as
the Kunstkammer. He wrote in German, (gothic handwriting) following his appointment to
manager (forvalter) of the Kunstkammer in
1771. Spengler stated that the collection had
grown over the years. Additions had come
89
Fig. 55. Portrait of Spengler deposited at the ZM: Lorenz
Spengler 1720-1807, painted in 1802 according to notes in the
file of Lemche (after O. Mourier). It also has another addition
on the reverse: Goes to the mollusc collection after my death.
Donated to the public by Z. Fröhlich. Kbh. 1874.
from the Castles Gottorp and Rosenborg.
In 1732 the king Christian VI added many
specimens purchased from a dealer in natural
science objects. At that time the collection was
structured according to Rumphs Amboinische
Rariteten Kammer. However, Spengler followed the Systema naturae of Linnaeus 1758
and hoped that the collection would become
useful in the future. (Fig. 56).
Spengler’s collection transferred 1804 Spengler’s shells were transferred to NaturhistorieSelskabet 1804 and subsequently to KM = the
Royal Museum.
Spengler’s collection transferred 1823 (T 274).
Lorenz Spengler’s numbered catalogue from
the Royal Chamber of Art was officially transferred to the Royal Natural History Museum
in 1823. G.Wad received Spengler’s catalogue
through J.C.Spengler, son of L.Spengler.
Spengler’s labels Spengler wrote with a goose
quill on hand-made paper. The size of labels
was adjusted to the amount of information.
He used a mixture of Latin (for the species)
90
j. hylleberg
Fig. 56. Cover of Spengler’s 1775 catalogue in German
“Beschreibung der Konchylien Samlung aus der Königl:
Kunst-Kamer, die vorhin entweder ordentlich beschrieben
und gar nicht Numeriert waren”.
and German gothic style for the comments.
(Fig. 57).
Spg. See under Spengler.
Spgl. Magaz. Stands for species of the Spengler
collection deposited in the magazine.
Spgl. Mus. CVIII. Stands for specimens of the
Spengler collection transferred to the CVIII
collection (the Royal Museum).
Spgl. See under Spengler.
Spglers. Abbr. of Spengler’s.
Spglr. Abbr. of Spengler.
Spir. Abbr. of Danish word spiritus = alcohol).
Fig. 57. Spengler’s original label: Martyn vol: 2. fig. 79. ii.
Cochlea ovum. Egg. from Pulo Condore. N° 10. variety of
Card: muricatum. Most of Spengler’s labels are preserved
with the specimens at ZM.
Spitg. Abbr. of Spitsbergen.
Spitsbergen Norwegian Island in the North
Atlantic.
Spl. Abbr. of Spengler on Beck’s labels.
SS Abbr. not identified. Collected cardiids in the
Mediterranean before 1848.
St. Abbr. of Station; referring to an established
building or institution.
St. Abbr. of Saint, e.g. St. Thomas. See under
West Indies.
St. Abbr. of the Danish word “stor” (big, great),
such as St. Kannikestræde or St. Nordisk
Telegraf.
St. Océanographique de Salammbo, Tunisia.
Abbr. of Station Océanographique.
St. or st. Abbr. of Station; referring to a number
given to a specific collecting site.
Staff of museum collections in Copenhagen See
under Chronological overview 1623–2007.
Stamm, R. H. (1877–1934). Danish zoologist,
Lecturer. He collected cardiids in Isefjord
1907, in the North Sea 1917, and in Kattegat
off Frederikshavn during field courses for
biology students of the University of Copenhagen 1922. He had a large collection of
molluscs.
Statens naturhistoriske Museum Natural History Museum of the State. New name to be
used after 2005 for ZMUC: Zoological Museum of the University of Copenhagen.
Steenberg label The shell collection of C.M.
Steenberg was donated to the Zoological Museum after he deceased in 1946. Individual
lots were provided with printed labels only
stating “Coll. C.M. Steenberg Journ. 14-121946”. The mentioned journal is not present
at the ZMUC. I assume the small labels just
indicate the generous contribution by Steenberg. (Fig. 58).
Steenberg, Carl Marinus (1882–1946). Professor, comparative anatomist and shell collector. Many cardiids from his collection were
Fig. 58. Printed Steenberg label. Identical labels of this type
were added to all material from the Steenberg Collection
donated to the ZMUC.
cardiidae in the zoological museum, copenhagen
Fig. 59. Portrait of C.M. Steenberg 1936. From the Steenberg
Picture Collection at ZMUC.
donated to the Zoological Museum in 1946.
(Fig. 59).
Steenstrup & Lützen Shells delivered by Professor Steenstrup & Dr. Lützen. Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s accession book 1840–1867:
#12. Cardium edule juv. #55. Cardium edule
juv. C. fasciatum mg. #98. pl. Cardium edule
pulli. Fænø. #149. Cardium edule marina.
Middelfart. #150. pl. Cardium edule pulli.
Fænø. #151. Cardium edule pulli. Strib.
Steenstrup collections Accessions by professor,
state councellor J.Steenstrup. Cardiid number
in Mörch’s accession book 1840–1867, dated
August 1864: #48. Cardium edule, two very
large. – From layer older than kitchen midden
(køkkenmødding). Havelse. Cardiid number
in Mörch’s accession book 1840–1867: #68.
Cardium edule pull. – Cardiid number in
Mörch’s accession book 1840–1867: #33.
Cardium fasciatum. – Cardiid number in
Mörch’s accession book 1840–1867: #6. Cardium edule pulle. – Norwegian shells collected by Pastor Sars. Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s
accession book 1846–1853: #227 Cardium
norvegicum Bergen, 1. #228 Cardium edule
Bergen, 1. – From his Danish collection. Cardiid number in Mörch’s accession book 1846–
91
1853: #624 Cardium edule. #625 Cardium.
Sundet, Als, 14. #626 Cardium norvegicum
Skagen. #627 Cardium echinatum Sundet,
Vensyssel 2. – From his Greenland collection
collected by Capt. Holbøll (1838?). Cardiid
numbers in Mörch’s accession book 1846–
1853: #688 Cardium elegantulum, 3. #689
Cardium grønlandicum, 1. #690 Cardium
islandicum, 1. – From the collection of Steenstrup. Cardiid number in Mörch’s accession
book 1846–1853: #738 Cardium dionæum,
Sow. 1. – Icelandic collection. Some shells
have been exhibited in Kiel. Cardiid numbers
in Mörch’s accession book 1846–1853: #407
Cardium groenlandicum. Høfde 14.03.1846.
#408 Cardium groenlandicum. Faxe Bay.
#409 Cardium groenlandicum. Tuede. #410
Cardium groenlandicum. Østerlandet Tuede
var. elongata. #411 Cardium islandicum.
#412 Cardium islandicum. Breakwater. #413
C. ciliatum, Cardium islandicum. #414 Cardium islandicum. Faxe Bay. #415 Cardium.
#416 Cardium. #417 Cardium. – Shells from
a thick layer of bivalves above the peat,
Herslev Sogn, Leiseherred, Strandgaarden.
Cardiid number in Mörch’s accession book
1846–1853: #264. Cardium edule, many
specimens. – Shells from the Mediterranean,
1860. Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s accession
book 1853–1861: #2 Cardium crassum, juv.
Corsica, 1. #3 Cardium deshayesii, Corsica,
1 – Shells collected on the Faroe Islands. A
single handwritten document in the separate
Fig. 60. Steenstrup was abbreviated Stp on labels by Mörch.
This label was written in 1859 and has n° 2 in Mörch’s
catalogue.
92
j. hylleberg
Fig. 61. Professor Japetus Steenstrup. From a lithograph
made in 1855. Modified after Roeleveld & Knudsen 1980.
library of ZMUC (2nd department). #52
Cardium echinatum, 1 spcm. from the open
water off Sandvaag. #53 Cardium edule?, 1
spcm. Kallefjord. – Submitted shells in 1873.
Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s accession book
1870–1889: #8 Cardium edule. #21 Cardium
echinatum. – Steenstrup donated shells from
the dried up Klinte Lake, sandy bottom.
Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s accession book
Fig. 62. “Conchylia Musei Schumacheriani” (T 311) in
Steenstrup’s handwriting. The species are: N° 437 Cardium
costatum, 1 ind.; N° 438 coronatum, 2 ind. N° 439 simplex,
2 ind. N° 440 rigens sic 1 ind.
1866–1872: #8 Cardium edule, large. #9 Cardium edule, large. (Fig. 60).
Steenstrup Pharmacist. The museum received
shells from Greenland, Julianehaab District
1874. Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s accession
book 1870–1889: #4 Cardium gronlandicum
#5 Cardium gronlandicum var. #6 Cardium
ciliatum Fbr. – Steenstrup collected shells
on the beach at Narssak, Julianehåbs district
1876. Cardiid number in Mörch’s accession book 1870–1889: #10 Cardium grønlandicum. – Steenstrup collected shells in
Greenland 1877. Cardiid number in Mörch’s
accession book 1870–1889: #22 Cardium
grønlandicum.
Steenstrup, J. Subfossil cardiids collected 1887.
See also under Dreyer.
Steenstrup, Japetus (1813–1897). Danish
Professor zoologiae, state councellor (Estatsraad, obsolete title) 1845–1885. Director with Naturhistorisk Forenings Museum
1841–42. From 1848–64 he was member of
the management of the Royal Natural history
Museum (Det kgl. naturhistoriske Museum).
He became co-director with that museum in
1851. He was a controversial person at his age.
Contemporary Danish scientists blamed him
for nepotism, misinterpretations and hasty
conclusions. The accusations were partly
based on facts, partly on envy. However, as a
museum man he was extraordinary. He developed the Zoological Museum and thanks to his
efforts the collections grew to previously unknown heights. Personally he also contributed
many specimens to ZM. See under Steenstrup
collections. (Fig. 61).
Steenstrup, K. J. V. (1842–1913). Dr. phil. Collected cardiids in Greenland 1899.
Steenstrup’s 1846 catalogue (T 311). See also
under Schumacher’s collection. (Fig. 62).
Steff. Abbr. of Steffensen; alternative spelling
of Stephensen. Collected cardiids in Øresund,
Hellebæk 1910.
Steffs. Abbr. of Steffensen. See under Steff.
Steincke Danish business man, Iceland. Donated
shells to the museum 1875,1876. Cardiid
numbers in Mörch’s accession book 1870–
1889: #34 Cardium ciliatum Fabr.
Steph. A. Abbr. not identified. Collected cardiids
in USA 1835.
cardiidae in the zoological museum, copenhagen
Fig. 63. Copper of the “Grevel: Holsteinske Palais” in Stormgade where the Royal Natural History Museum was located
1821-68. Modified after Wolff 1979.
Stephensen, K. (1882–1947). Danish zoologist.
Collected cardiids in Øresund and Kattegat
1904, 1909, 1910, 1915. Collected cardiids
in Norway 1905 and in Greenland onboard
“Rink” 1912.
Stimp. Abbr. of Stimpson.
Stimps. Abbr. of Stimpson.
Stimpson Dr. Submitted cardiids to the museum.
Cardiid numbers were entered 1862 into
Mörch’s accession book 1840–1867: #45.
Cardium islandicum Min. Bay. & coast of
Maine. #46. Cardium pinnulatum (an jun. 51).
Min. Bay. & coast of Maine. #47. Cardium
mortoni SE coast and Isl of Min. #48. Cardium
citrinum Florida. #49. Cardium muricatum.
#50. Cardium isocardia juv. Florida. #51.
Cardium ventricosum N.& S. Carolina.
Stimpson Submitted cardiids marked Kentz
from USA.
Stimpson, William (1832–1872). American
malacologist.
Store Kannikestræde 34 This street is in the
Latin Quarter of Copenhagen. Houses for 11
professors were here until the whole area burnt
down in 1728. They were rebuilt over a period
of time, but many houses burnt again, or were
severely damaged during the bombardment
of Copenhagen by the British in 1807. During
1832–1838 the Moltke’s new Zoological Museum donated to the University was located in
house number 34 (Det grevelige Moltke’ske
Universitetet tilhørende Zoologisk Museum).
Storebælt The Great Belt between Sealand and
Funen connects the Baltic with the Kattegat.
93
Stormgade 10 The Holstein mansion (Palæ) is
located in Stormgade, inner Copenhagen. The
building can be traced back to 1687 and was
rebuilt several times until it reached its final
form in 1756. It was purchased by king Frederik VI in 1827 and housed the Royal Natural
History Museum 1821–1864 (?1868). The
building still stands. (Fig. 63).
Stp. Abbr. of professor Steenstrup. Used on labels by Mörch.
Stps. See under Stimpson.
Strandgaard Ship captain. Collected material
for NF c/o Japetus Steenstrup
Stubbeberg Onboard ”Margrethe” 1913. Collected cardiids in Faroe Islands.
Studierejsen (study tour) written on labels.
Members of Naturhistorisk Forening collected cardiids during study tours to: – the Black
Sea 1960. – The Indian Ocean (East Africa)
1970. – Madeira 1974. – Morocco 1985.
Studiesamlingen At the time the Danish Parliament decided to establish a new Zoological
Museum in Krystalgade, it was decided to
establish a study collection of the University.
The professor zoologiae should manage this
collection serving education and research.
Stuschbury Slip for Stutchbury.
Stutchbury, Samuel (1798–1859). British shell
dealer. Submitted a selection from London
8 January 1837. His Royal Highness chose
cardiid number #94 Cardium sp. ex Africa. 1
shilling 1/2 pence. Beck’s accession catalogue
1837–39.
Styrmand Danish word for Mate, officer. See
under Boren.
Subg. Abbr. of subgenus.
Subgen: Terminated with a colon. Abbr. of
subgenus.
Südsee Old German language = South Seas,
referring to Australia.
Suenson, M. N. Ship captain, naval officer. Collected cardiids for NF c/o Japetus Steenstrup
in the Baltic, Rügen before 1878. He had a collection, which included shells donated to him
by the Zoological Museum c/o Mörch. Dated
16 October 1850, cardiid number in Mörch’s
accession book 1846–1853: #89 Cardium
isocardia?, 1, minus shell. Animals from Siam
(Thailand), 1900. According to UZM entries
in a diary.
94
j. hylleberg
Suenson’s shell collection See under Mörch’s
catalogue 1857: Capt. Suenson shells auctioned.
Sundet Danish for Øresund: the Sound between
Denmark and Sweden.
Sundet Danish for sound, i.e. a body of water
more extensive than a strait.
Susini, Joachim de M. Mr. Received cardiids
from ZM according to the ZM Book of Dispatch #35 Card. ciliat.
Svennevig, N. Collected cardiids in the Coral
Sea 1979.
Sw. Abbr. of Swainson.
Swainsen Alternative spelling of Swainson.
Swainson, William John (1789–1855). British
malacologist. Published “A treatise on Malacology”. 1840.
Sws. Abbr. of Swainson.
Sydsøen Old Danish language = South Seas,
referring to Australia
syn. Abbr. of synonym.
syntype Two or more species included in a
type series on which a species description is
based.
t. Abbreviated Latin < tomus = volume of a
publication.
T. Fr. Abbr. not identified. Collected cardiids in
the Limfjorden.
Talmadge, R. American malacologist. Donated
cardiids from California before 1976.
Tåning, Å. W. Danish zoologist; his collection
of cardiids ended in the Steenberg collection,
now in the ZMUC general collection.
Tauber Collected cardiids at Læsø 1893.
tb. Abbr. of Latin < tabula = plate, table.
Teilmann-Friis Identified cardiids for ZM
1911.
Test. Sci. Refers to Poli’s publication “Testacea
utriusque Siciliae” 1791.
Thaanum, Dietlev Danish zoologist working
in Hawaii.
Thanning Graduate. Collected cardiids in
Greenland 1873. Cardiid number in Mörch’s
accession book 1870–1889: #15 Cardium
grønlandicum Chem. var. Greenland Stp.
June, leg. 1873.
Thanning Pastor. Received #4 Cardium flavum
L. from ZM.
The old Zoological Museum in Krystalgade
See under The united Museums.
The united Museums The mollusc collection of
the united museums described by Mörch ca.
1867. See under Mörch 1867 and De forenede
Museer.
Thieleus Mr. Collected fossil cardiids in Anvers,
Crag noire 1868. Dated 1868 he received a
shell collection from ZM. Cardiid number in
Mörch’s dispatch book 1857–1868: #94 Cardium ciliatum. See under Tirlemont, Arnand
Thieleus.
Thomas, A. Collected cardiids in the former
Danish West Indies.
Thomsen Captain, submitted shells from the
Strait of Bali. Cardiid number in Mörch’s accession book 1870–1889: #8 Cardium sp.
Thomsen Collected cardiids in West Greenland
before 1878.
Thomsen Icelandic business man donated shells
from Greenland 23 December 1848. Subfossil
beach at 200 feet height at Sarfangoak 6 mil
south of Holstenborg. Cardiid without number
in Mörch’s accession book 1846–1853: Cardium grønlandicum, 1/4.
Thomsen Mr. See under Oldnordisk Museum.
Thonning, P. (1775–1848). Judge (Assessor, obsolete Danish title). Active in the Management
of KM from 1829–48.
Thor expedition 1910 The “Thor” Expedition to
the Mediterranean including the Bosporus and
the Black Sea.
Thor The trawler-built research steamer “Thor”
of the Commission for Marine Research
(Kommissionen for Havundersøgelser).
“Thor” expeditions lasted for nearly two decades and started in 1903. Cardiids were collected in Danish waters1914, 1922: Skagerrak, North Sea, Smålandsfarvandet. Cardiids
were collected in Iceland 1900. The North
Sea, Iceland and Greenland 1903, 1904. The
Mediterranean 1914. A second 12 m long fishing cutter was also named “Thor”. This small
vessel sailed the Polar Sea on expeditions
during 1934–35.
Thorant See under Thorent.
Thorent Courquin Professor, Barcelona, Spain;
donated shells to the museum 1874. Cardiid
numbers in Mörch’s accession book 1870–
1889: #49 Cardium paucicostatum Sow. ciliare. #50 Cardium mucronatum Poli.
Thornam Alternative spelling of Tornam by
cardiidae in the zoological museum, copenhagen
Mörch. He collected cardiids in the Baltic
1861.
Thorson, Gunnar (1906–1971). Professor; curator of molluscs at the Zoological Museum in
Krystalgade. He collected cardiids during the
3-year East Greenland Investigation 1931–34,
and during the Iranian Gulf Expedition 1937–
38. Appointed Director with the laboratory
in Helsingør (The Marine Laboratory of the
University of Copenhagen) in 1958.
Thorson’s catalogue 1937. The catalogue of
Thorson’s quantitative samples from 81 stations collected in the Persian Gulf, is available
at the ZMUC. He noted the number of 0.1
square m grab samples per station, preliminary identifications, and the wet weight of the
animals with preliminary id’s. Subsequent
identifications were later added to the catalogue.
Thotts Palæ See under Kongens Nytorv 4.
Thouars, M. Petit Captain of the French frigate
“Venus”. Collected cardiids in Mexico 1839.
Throndheim Old spelling of Trondheim, Norway.
ti Abbr. used by Mörch in connection with Spengler 1799. <L titulus = plate.
Tif. Abbr. used by H.Beck. = plate.
Tilgangsjournal See under Beck 1830–36;
Beck 1836; Beck. 1842–43; Mörch 1846–53;
Mörch 1853–61; Mörch 1866–72; Mörch
1870–89; Tilgangsjournal 1889–1937. Start
20 May 1889. Last entry 31 December 1937.
Tilv. Abbr. of Tilvækst-Journal or Tilgangsjournal = accession book.
Tilvækst-Journal for Mollusca (ZM accession
books). See under Beck 1836 and Mörch
1853–61. The same meaning as Tilgangsjournal.
Tirlemont, Arnand Thieleus Donated Belgian fossil shells to the museum 1868.
Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s accession book
1866–1872: #69 Cardium porulosum Soland.
sables calciferies Bruxelles. #70 Cardium
porulosum, sables ferrugineux, Gronendal.
#71 Cardium subturgidum d’Orb. Crag noire,
Anvers. #73 Cardium rusticum L. Cardita sp.
Crag gris, Anvers.
Tjalfe The brig “Tjalfe” operated in Greenland
waters in 1908. Cardiids were deposited at
the ZM.
95
Tjalfe-expedition See under Tjalfe.
Tom. Abbr. of Latin < tomus = volume. Also
abbreviated t.
Tomlin, B. British malacologist. Submitted cardiids from Australia 1926.
Tønder Lund See under Lund, Tønder.
Topp, Th. The museum exchanged shells with
Mr. Topp. Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s accession book 1866–1872: #34 Cardium subrugosum Sowb. #35 Cardium sinense Sowb.
#36 Cardium pseudofossile Reeve C. californianum Desh. He collected cardiids in Sakelin
1869. Loc. not identified.
Tordenskiold The frigate ”Tordenskiold” cruised
East Asiatic seas 1872. See under Koch
Tornam, A. Mr. Collected cardiids in the skerries at Bornholm together with A.W.Malm.
Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s accession book
1840–1867: #39. Cardium nodosum Turt. #40.
Cardium fasciatum. #41. Cardium pygmæum
Donov. #42. Cardium svecicum Reeve.
Tort. Abbr. of Tortola, West Indies.
Tranq. See under Tranquebar.
Tranqeb. See under Tranquebar.
Tranquebar Former Danish trading post and fort
on the Coromandel coast, south east India.
Trausted See under Traustedt.
Traustedt, M. Master at grammar school. Submitted shells collected during the summer
1879. Cardiid number in Mörch’s accession
book 1870–1889: #94 Cardium sp. —Traustedt collected shells north of Bergen, Norway
1881. Cardiid number in Mörch’s accession
book 1870–1889: #67 Cardium sp. Alversund.
– He submitted cardiids collected on a study
tour to Iceland and West Greenland during
the period October 1892 to February 1893.
Cardium elegantulum. Cardium ciliatum according to accession book 1889–1937.
Traustedt, Margar Peter A. (1853–1905). Icelandic-Danish zoologist.
Trondh. Abbr. of Trondheim.
Trondhjem Old spelling of Trondheim, Norway.
Trqb. Abbr. of Tranquebar.
Trqbar. Abbr. of Tranquebar.
Trqeb. Abbr. of Tranquebar.
Trqeb. Abbr. of Tranquebar.
Trqub. Abbr. of Tranquebar.
Tryon, George Washington (1838–1888).
96
j. hylleberg
Fig. 64. The style of labels used in the exhibitions at KM
(top) and the museum in Krystalgade (bottom). The chevron
marks a separate label originally glued on the shell after it
was removed from the exhibition.
American malacologist. Dated 1867 he received a shell collection. Cardiid number
in Mörch’s dispatch book 1857–1868: #13
Cardium medium.
Tucker Abbott See under Abbott, Tucker.
Turner (T 278). According to Beck 1836 N°
8: List of shells purchased from the British
naturalist Mr. Turner (Journ. June 16): #1.
Cardium latissimum from California, price
15 shilling.
Turt. Abbr. of Turton on labels by Beck.
Turton, W. (1762–1835). British amateur conchologist. Published “Conchylia Insularum
britannicarum” 1822. Reprinted 1848
typ. Added after species. Term used by Monte-
rosato to indicate agreement between his
specimen and the original type described by
Linné, 1758.
Type material General term for voucher or type
specimens providing fixed reference for the
use of the name.
U. M. Abbr. of Universitetets Museum.
U. Z. M. Abbr. of Universitetets zoologiske
Museum.
udst. See under Udstillingen.
udstil. See under Udstillingen.
Udstillingen Danish word for exhibition. ”fra
Udst.” refers to the Zoological Museum in
Krystalgade where a distinction was made
between specimens on display (Udstillingen)
and specimens in the magazines. (Fig. 64).
UM Abbr. of Universitetets Museum (The University Museum). See also under “Det grevelige Moltke’ske Universitetet”.
Unger Soldier. Collected cardiids for ZM at St.
Thomas, the former Danish West Indies, 1846
(Fig. 65).
Universitetets zoologiske Museum (The Zoological Museum of the University) Displayed
activity from 1867–1963. See also under “Det
grevelige Moltke’ske Universitetet”. Years of
important events: – 1862–1867 the natural
history collections amalgamated by law. An
act passed the Danish Parliament stating that
a new zoological museum should be constructed. The mineralogical and zoological
collections should fuse with the collections
of Det kgl. naturhistoriske Museum. The act
Fig. 65. One of the last labels written by Beck before he
was sacked in 1848. Cardium isocardia Linn. Lmck: n° 17.
Chemn. 6. f. 174-176. Constable [enlisted private] Unger
1846. St. Thomas.
cardiidae in the zoological museum, copenhagen
stated that the new museum belonged to the
University of Copenhagen, hence the name
Universitetets zoologiske Museum. – 1867 the
fusion materialised. Collections amalgamated
in the new museum building. A distinction was
made between the exhibition (Udstillingen)
and stored specimens (Magasinsamling). –
1870 the museum was officially inaugurated.
It had central heating, which implied dry
rooms preventing decay of specimens as experienced in previous buildings. The new Zoological Museum in Krystalgade encompassed
large collections from the Moltke’ske Universitetsmuseum, including Forskål’s collection,
Moltke’s and the CVIII shell collections,
H.P.C.Møller’s comprehensive collection, and
Steenstrup’s collection of fossils and subfossils. The scientific staff consisted of professor
zoologiae (Japetus Steenstrup) and Inspector
I.C. Schiødte, Inspector J.Th. Reinhardt, and
3 assistants. Dr. Lütken was permanent assistant and managed the mollusc department (2.
Afdeling). O. Mörch was also assistant, but
not involved in management. Professor Steenstrup persuaded ocean-going ship captains
to collect material for the museum. The captains Andréa, Hygom, and Corneliussen were
among those who contributed cardiids during
the periods 1860 and 1870. – 1878 assistant
Mørch passed away. J.E.V.Boas succeeded.
He left the Museum 1885. Herluf Winge succeeded. – 1882 J.Th. Reinhardt passed away
and Lütken succeeded. – 1882–87 C.G.Joh.
Petersen collected cardiids onboard the gunboat “Hauch”. – 1885 Japetus Steenstrup
retired. Lütken succeeded. G.M.R.Levinsen
took over management of 2. department.
C.G.Joh.Petersen served as assistant. – 1889
H.J.Posselt succeeded C.G.Joh.Petersen. –
1896 Ad.S.Jensen succeeded H.J.Posselt, who
deceased i 1896. – 1897 professor Steenstrup
passed away.
Universitetets zoologiske Museums Tilgangsjournal 1846–1853 for Bløddyr I. Written
by Mörch – Tilgangsjournal 1853–1861 for
Bløddyr II. Written by Mörch.
Universitetets zootomisk physiologiske Museum The Zootomic physiological Museum
of the University was located in the basement
under the assembly hall of the university.
97
The museum was active 1841–64. During
that period it was managed by professor
D.F.Eschricht. When he deceased, the museum was closed. Parts of the collection were
consigned the Zoological Museum. – Bivalvia
in alcohol. Cardiids in Mörch’s accession
book 1853–1861: Cardium lævigatum St
Croix, 1. Cardium rusticum = tuberculatum,
1. Cardium elegantulum Greenland, fl.
Universitetsparken 15 The old museum in
Krystalgade became too small and space in
inner Copenhagen was too limited to allow
expansion. Hence, for the first time it was
decided to move the collections and public
display outside inner Copenhagen. A museum
law passed in 1960; construction quickly followed and the research section of the museum
opened 1963. The exhibition was officially
inaugurated in 1970.
Universitetsudvalget i Aarhus Committee to
establish a university in Aarhus, Denmark.
Dated 18 December 1921 the museum prepared and submitted a collection of Nordic
molluscs to Universitetsudvalget in Aarhus.
According to the dispatch book 1890–1921:
Cardium echinatum without locality.
University Museum See under UM.
uno Latin< unus = the figure one.
Ursin, E. Danish zoologist. Collected cardiids at
the Faroe Islands, North Atlantic.
Ussing, Hjalmar (1874–1965). A skillful and
respected Danish amateur zoologist. He collected cardiids in 1914.
Ust. Abbreviation. See under Udstillingen [the
exhibition].
UZM Abbr. of Universitetets zoologiske Museum.
UZM entries in a diary (T 270). ����������
UZM Modtagelses- og Forsendelsesjournal. Printed on the
spine only. From 1897–1944 the University
Zoological Museum made a diary-type book
The diary shows material (boxes, glass tubes,
alcohol, etc.) delivered by the museum to persons associated with ZM in connection with
voyages, collecting trips, and identification
of specimens.
v. Martens See under Martens, von
Vær. Abbr. of Danish værelse = room.
Vahl Collected cardiids in Greenland before
1845.
98
j. hylleberg
Valenc. Enc. See under Bruguière, Valenciennes.
Valenci: Terminating with a colon. See under
Bruguière, Valenciennes.
Van Veen Grab Piece of equipment to collect
bottom samples, usually spanning 0.1 m
square.
var. Abbr. of variety. See under variet.
Varg. Abbr. of Vargas Bedemar
Vargas Bedemar Greve (Count) Identical with
Vargas de Bedemar. See also under Beck
1830–1836.
Vargas Bedm. Abbr. of Vargas de Bedemar.
Vargas de Bedemar, E. (1768–1847). Chamberlain. Active in the Management of KM
from 1829–47. Dated March 1834 shells were
transferred from the Museum of Mineralogy c/o Vargas Bedemar. Cardiid number in
Mörch’s accession book 1840–1867: #12.
Cardium truncatum, in rock from Whitly.
– Donated shells to His Royal Highness in
October 1839. Cardiid numbers in Beck’s
accession catalogue 1837–39: #14 Cardium
ciliatum 5. #15 Cardium an rusticum 5. #16
Cardium small 8. #17 Cardium nod. small
Vargas-Bedemar See under Vargas de Bedemar
Vargaz Bedm. See under Vargas de Bedemar
variet: Terminating with a colon. Abbr. of varietet. Latin< variatio = departure from =
variety.
varietas See under variet.
Varietet Danish word for variety.
Vedelsby, Antonina (formerly Annie) Presently
she takes care of the mollusc collection of
ZMUC. She has identified and labeled many
cardiids.
Ven A Swedish island in the Øresund.
Ven. Abbr. of Cardium ventricosum on label.
Venus A French Expedition 1836–39 on the
frigate “Venus”. Cardiids were collected in
Mexico 1839.
Venus aus Rusland German = Venus from Russia.
Vestind. Abbr. of Vestindien.
Vestindien Danish word for West Indies. Denmark owned the three islands St. John = St.
Jan, St Croix = St. Cruiz, and St Thomas of
the Lesser Antilles. They were sold to the
USA in 1917. Cardiid number in Mörch’s
accession book 1840–1867: #149. Cardium
leucostomum.
Vestjylland Danish for West Jutland, peninsular
Denmark.
Vetr.- & Lbhsk. Abbr. of Veterinær- & Landbohøjskole (the Agricultural University).
Vg Bedm Abbr. of Vargas de Bedemar.
Vibe, Christian (1913–1998). Collected cardiids
in Greenland 1940 and NW Greenland 1968.
Vidal, Jacques Research associate at MNHN,
Paris. Checked and identified many ZMUC
cardiids.
VIII Abbr. by authors for King Christian the 8th
(1786–1848).
Voigt (T 278) According to Beck 1836 N° 7:
Shells selected from van Voigt, Amsterdam:
#43 Cardium apertum, #43 sic Cardium var,
#44 Cardium papyraceum, # 45 Cardium sp.n
(for angulatum), # 46 Cardium biradiatum,
# 47 Cardium biradiatum var. elongatum, #
48–51 Cardium 4 sp. var a z, # 52 Cardium
an var. fragum.
Voskuil, R. Dutch amateur malacologist. Identified cardiids at ZM.
Vullede, G. I. Collected West Indian cardiids
before 1848. Also spelled Wullede.
Vyff (missionary) Collected cardiids in Egypt
1922.
W. Abbr. of Westermann on labels by Beck.
W. Abbr. of Wroblewsky on labels by Mörch.
W. Indies See under West Indies.
W.L. Abbr. of W. Lund. Collected Brazilian and
West Indian cardiids for CVIII.
Wad, Gregers (1755–1832). University professor. Inspector at KM, Rosenborg from
1804–21. Senior inspector at KM in Stormgade 1821–29, active in the Management of
KM from 1829–32. Encouraged natural science at the university. See under KM. – Dated
Copenhagen 9 October 1823, Dr. G. Wad of
The Royal Natural History Museum (Det kongelige naturhistoriske Museum), received the
Kunstkammer collection of shells from manager of fine arts (Kunstforvalter) Mr. Spengler.
See under Johan Conrad Spengler.
Wandel Captain in the navy. Dated 5 October
1889 he submitted cardiids from dredging in
Iceland (accession book 1889–1937): Cardium ciliatum Fabr. NW coast of Iceland.
Wegge Ship’s doctor. The museum received
cardiidae in the zoological museum, copenhagen
shells collected at Skallingen, Denmark 15
April 1875. Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s accession book 1870–1889: #20 Cardium edule.
#21 Cardium echinatum.
West Indies Series of islands separating the
North Atlantic from the Caribbean. Divided
into the Bahamas, the Greater Antilles and
the Lesser Antilles. Labels usually refer to
the former Danish colony encompassing 3
islands. See under Vestindien.
Westermann, Bernt Wilhelm (1781–1868).
Danish wholesale dealer. Director with
Naturhistorisk Forenings Museum 1836–39.
Spent many years in the Indo-Pacific region
and submitted cardiids from Indonesia.
Western. See under Westermann.
Wg.-Bedm. Abbr. of Vargas Bedemar.
Willumsen Fisherman. Submitted shells from
The Sound (Snekkersten) 1878. Cardiid number in Mörch’s accession book 1870–1889:
#1. Cardium sp.
Winth. Abbr. of G. Winther.
Winther, G. (1844–1879). dr. phil. The museum
received shells from student G. Winther 31
July 1867. Cardiid number in Mörch’s accession book 1866–1872: #53 Cardium edule
L. jun. with nr. 50. – G. Winther, stud. collected shells along the east coast (Denmark).
Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s accession book
1866–1872: #10 Cardium exiguum Gm. var?
2–3 fathoms. #15 Cardium edule L. pull.
From Stuffelinden to Hvidøre Rev, 3–4 fathoms. – Winther, stud. submitted shells to the
museum 1871. Cardiid number in Mörch’s
accession book 1866–1872: #13 Cardium
echinatum May 1871. – G. Winther donated
shells to the museum 1874. They were collected in Lunderenden 2 mil south of Hven.
Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s accession book
1870–1889: #6 Cardium svecicum Reeve
#7 Cardium fasciatum Mtg. – The museum
received shells in 1875. Material collected in
Aarhusbugten, Denmark, 1874. Cardiid number in Mörch’s accession book 1870–1889:
#41 Cardium edule. – G. Winther submitted
a major collection of Danish molluscs from
Kattegat collected during the summer 1877.
Shells from Sejrø to Vejle. Cardiid numbers
in Mörch’s accession book 1870–1889: #648
Cardium edule pull. #652 Cardium edule
99
pulli. #691 Cardium edule pull. #727 Cardium
fasciatum. #728 Cardium edule jun. #741
Cardium edule jun. #756 Cardium fasciatum.
#769 Cardium fasciatum. #786 Cardium
fasciatum. #787 Cardium suecicum (Lovén,
Reeve). #831 Cardium echinatum jun. #845
Cardium fasciatum. #856 Cardium fasciatum. #880 Cardium fasciatum. #887 Cardium
fasciatum. #893 Cardium fasciatum. #905
Cardium echinatum. – G. Winther submitted
a major collection of Danish molluscs from
the Great Belt to Hjelm. Cardiid numbers in
Mörch’s accession book 1870–1889: #260
Cardium edule jun. Hønsepul og Hatterevet
5–10 fv. #274 Cardium edule var. #294 Cardium echinatum jun. #306 Cardium exiguum
Gm. #328 Cardium echinatum jun. #349
Cardium fasciatum Mtg. #375 Cardium fasciatum. #402 Cardium echinatum pull. #403
Cardium fasciatum. #425 Cardium echinatum
jun. #458 Cardium fasciatum. #476 Cardium
fasciatum. #510 Cardium echinatum jun. #530
Cardium fasciatum. #531 Cardium edule jun.
#555 Cardium fasciatum. #586 Cardium fasciatum. #617 Cardium echinatum adult. #621
Cardium echinatum. #637 Cardium edule. –
G. Winther collected shells in det sydfynske
Øhav, Denmark, during the summer 1878.
Cardiid number in Mörch’s accession book
1870–1889: #948 Cardium edule.
Wolff, Torben dr. phil. Danish zoologist, museum curator. Participated in the “Atlantide”
Expedition 1945–46 and was deputy chief of
the “Galathea” Expedition 1950–52. Collected
cardiids for the museum in many countries.
Woodward, F. R. Submitted cardiids from Scotland to ZM 1977.
Wrobelwsky, I. I. Lieutenant in the Royal Army
Medical Corps. – He submitted shells donated
by Oldnordisk museum ( Museum of Northern
Antiquities) 1872. Cardiid number in Mörch’s
accession book 1866–1872: #13 Cardium
muricatum – Wroblewsky submitted North
American shells 1872. Cardiid numbers in
Mörch’s accession book 1866–1872: #333
Cardium corbis Martyn (C. nuttallii Conr.).
#334 Cardium blandum Gould, Strait of de
Fuca. #335 Cardium substriatum Conr. S.
Diego. #336 Cardium quadragenarium Conr.
Catalina Isl. 40 fathoms. – Submitted a col-
100
j. hylleberg
Fig. 66. Label by Mörch: Cardium isocardia L. var? from
Florida Keys with ref to Wrobl(ewsky) 1873. Mörch’s cat.
n° is 975.
lection of shells from Cap. Cardiid number
in Mörch’s accession book 1866–1872: #491
Cardium sp. – The museum received North
American shells 1873. Cardiid numbers in
Mörch’s accession book 1870–1889: #970
Cardium serratum. Florida. #971 Cardium
magnum Born. Florida. #972 Cardium mortoni Conr. Florida. #973 Cardium mortoni
Conr. var. C. citrinum Wood. Florida. #974
Cardium muricatum. Florida. #975. Cardium
isocardium [sic] var. Florida. #976 Cardium
spinosum Meusch. Florida. – Wroblewsky
submitted a collection of fossils from Mr.
Casimir, Ugbagks Mastricht (Ubaks) 1875.
Collection de terrain Cretacé du Duche de
Limburg. Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s accession book 1870–1889: #1156 Cardium
beckyii. Mull. Vaels. Tourtia Turion sup. et inferieur de Tournay. #1230 Cardium michelini
Ag. (Fig. 66).
Wrobl. Abbr. of Wroblewsky on labels by
Mörch.
Wudem. Abbr. not identified.
Wullede Danish naturalist. Collected tropical
cardiids deposited in the ZMUC dry coll. Also
spelled Vullede.
Y. C. Abbr. of the Yoldi collection. Cardiids were
numbered by Mörch, and collectors used these
numbers to specify their identifications. See
under Yoldi’s shell collection.
YC Abbr. of the Yoldi collection.
Yoldi, Alphonso D’Aguirra & Gadea (1765–
1852). Danish Count. Active in the establish-
Fig. 67. Portrait of Yoldi. The translated text is: Count of
Yoldi, Senior Groom of the Chamber, with His Majesty the
King. From picture at the ZMUC.
ment of Naturhistorisk Forening i Kjøbenhavn. Cardiids from China and other cardiids
stem from the collection of count Yoldi. His
collection was auctioned. See also under
Yoldi’s shell collection. (Fig. 67).
Yoldi’s shell collection According to Mörch
1846–53, the Count Yoldi specimens were
auctioned as specified in Mörch’s catalogue
1853 (Count Yoldi’s shell collection). The
museum and various shell collectors bought
specimens. Some of Yoldi’s cardiids may be
present in the museum because private collections ended up in the museum after the owners
deceased. Cardiid number in Mörch’s accession book 1853–1861: #cat. n° 421 Cardium
sp. #cat. n° 422 Cardium sp. #cat. n° 421 Lioc.
sp. (Fig. 68).
cardiidae in the zoological museum, copenhagen
Z. Dp. Abbr. of Zoologiae Dania prodromus
1776. See under Müller, O.F.
Z. M. See under ZM.
Zanzabu The same as Zanzibar. On old label.
Zaouali, J. Collected cardiids in Tunesia.
Zarth. Abbr. of Zarthmann.
Zarthm. Abbr. of Zarthmann. Collected cardiids
in the West Indies (Antilles).
Zarthmann, Christian Christopher (1793–
1853). Danish naval officer. Worked a couple
of periods in the former Danish West Indies,
1825–26, 1833–34.
Zimmer Mr. Egedesminde, Greenland. Cardiids
in alcohol in Mörch’s accession book 1853–
1861: Cardium ciliatum, 3. Cardium groenlandicum, 1. (Dated 27 November 1856).
– Cardiid number in Mörch’s accession book
1853–1861: #27 Cardium ciliatum Fabr. 3.
(Dated 22 October 1860). – Cardiid numbers
in Mörch’s accession book 1853–1861: #11
Cardium grønlandicum, 2. #12 Cardium ciliatum Fabr. very large (stor), 3.
ZM Abbr. of Zoologisk Museum (Zoological
Museum), i.e., the old museum of the University in Krystalgade. The new museum in
Universitetsparken was also named Zoologisk
Museum. See also under ZM labels.
Fig. 68. Yoldi’s labels were in fine handwriting. The present
label is written on dark blue paper. The specimen numbers
were adopted by Mörch in his Yoldi catalogue 1853 and by
contemporary scholars as a reference.
101
Fig. 69. The Zoological Museum in Universitetsparken.
Photo from 1963. Modified after Wolff 1999.
ZM book of Accession See under accession
book.
ZM Book of Dispatch specimens sent from ZM
ca. 1849–1893. See under dispatch book.
ZM labels have Zoologisk Museum, København
printed on top of thick paper. Collection data
are handwritten. I refer to those labels as ZM
labels. Curator of molluscs, dr. H. Lemche,
decided to have the old labels rewritten over
a period around 1970. He requested dr. Erik
Rasmussen to do this job. Many original notes
and labels were discarded during that process.
See also under Lemche, Henning.
ZM: See under ZM.
ZMUC Abbr. of Zoological Museum of the University of Copenhagen (Københavns Universitets zoologiske Museum). Collections from
the old Zoological Museum in Krystalgade
were transferred to the new museum in Universitetsparken 1963. See also under Statens
naturhistoriske Museum. (Fig. 69).
Zool. Saml. Abbr. of Zoologisk Samling ( =
zoological collection) of KVLH.
Zoologisk Museum in Krystalgade The old
Zoological Museum started 1864. See also
under Krystalgade.
Zoologisk Museum, København Printed on
labels of the museum. See under ZM labels.
Zootomisk Museum (Zootomical Museum, Copenhagen). See
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under Universitetets zootomisk physiologiske Museum.