LED - United Illuminating

BECOMING AN LED WORLD,
BUT HIGH PERFORMANCE
INCUMBENTS CAN STILL BE
BEST SOMETIMES
STAN WALERCZYK
HCLP, CLEP, LC
1
THIS IS THE EVOLUTION OF
LED vs EVERYTHING ELSE
• I premiered LED vs. Everything Else at 2011 Lightfair and constantly
updated it until end of 2013
– Numerous people attended the same titled class, because each year there
was significant new material
• Now that LED is really becoming the dominant lighting technology, it
was time for a name change with a lot of new material
• Since now more and more people know about the basics, which include
the DOE SSL website, L70, LM79, LM80, some LED magazines, etc.
– That information is now at the end as an appendix, for you to use if you want
– There are also some old slides in the appendix
– I also wrote a glossary and acronym list which you may have, may get from this
organization, or you could download from www.lightingwizards.com
2
THIS IS THE EVOLUTION OF
LED vs EVERYTHING ELSE
• Now a major message is if the customer has the money
and is willing to spend it initially, LED usually will provide
the best long term benefits
• Many LED products, including troffers, troffer kits, hibays
and exterior fixtures really need
– 100+ LPW
– 100,000+ rated hours
– 10 year warranty (maybe less if over 4380 annual hours
• But if the customer does not have the money or is not
willing to spend it initially, often high performance
fluorescent or electronically ballasted CMH is better
– Maybe 25% less long term benefits of LED, but at considerably less upfront
cost
3
THIS IS THE EVOLUTION OF
LED vs EVERYTHING ELSE
• Long term benefits can be the simple version that I use, cost of
ownership, life cycle costing, etc.
• Please do not use payback, because payback does not include
any benefit after payback period, and LED can provide much
more benefit after payback period
4
BEFORE WE REALLY GET STARTED
• If we can, let’s play at least one of these videos
• Ilumi Smart LED lights
• LIFX
• You can check out the Philips Hue on your own
• Seattle Mariners’ home team locker room
• Obnoxious cartoon character wanting 150W LEDs
for his house
5
WHO ARE YOU?
• Please introduce yourselves
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Name
Company (optional)
Function
What you would specifically like to learn?
6
WHAT SPECIFIC PRODUCT
AND APPLICATION DO YOU
LIKE BEST OR LEAST
FROM THIS CLASS?
• Please remember which specific product and
application you like the best or the least from
this class
• Because at the end of the class, I will ask
several of you that
– And if any others agree
7
STAN WALERCZYK’S BIO
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25 years experience
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Often in unique position dealing with lighting designers and retrofitters
500+ projects
50+ white papers and published articles
800+ seminars, including
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Served on several committees
Currently on Visual Effects of Lamp Spectral Distribution and Energy Management Committees
Human Centric Lighting Professional Certification
Certified Lighting Efficiency Professional by AEE
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5 Lightfairs
3 IES Annual Conferences
Numerous IES Sections across the country
IES Member 1995 - 2008
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Distribution, maintenance, installer, retrofit contractor, fixture designer, consultant, lighting
designer, policy maker, researcher
Check out my 25th lighting anniversary letter on my website
CLEP Review Board
Lighting Certified by NCQLP
Assisted on DOE spectrally enhanced lighting research
DOE CALiPER Guidance Committee
Human Centric Lighting Committee Chair
8
NO
ENDORSEMENTS
• Although several manufacturers and
models are listed, none are endorsed
• Easier to talk about specifics than
generalities
9
FORMAT
• Please ask questions when we are
on that subject
• Periodic breaks
10
STATES COMPARISON
• From Bill Attardi’s December 2013 Energy Watch
– http://www.attardimarketing.com/energywatch/
• You can see how good New England and the west coast are
– But they can still become better
11
HUMAN
CENTRIC
LIGHTING
12
HUMAN CENTRIC LIGHTING
• I just have a few slides on this subject, which I have up to
full day classes on
• Please consider Human Centric Lighting concepts and
products throughout at least the interior section of this class
• After class, also please check out the Human Centric
Lighting website, including the committee, which I am chair
– http://humancentriclighting.com/
13
HUMAN CENTRIC LIGHTING
• This excites more than
anything else has in
my 25 years
• Architectural SSL
Magazine published
original version 2012
• Architectural Products
Magazine published
2014 version this
January
14
HUMAN CENTRIC LIGHTING
• Human Centric Lighting can also be called human
factors in lighting, biophilia and other terms
• Can improve circadian rhythms for better alertness
and sleep, mood, visual acuity, performance and
energy savings - sustainability
• I firmly believe that Human Centric Lighting,
including daylight, some fixed Kelvin and tunable
LED systems will be the next big step in lighting
– Maybe more significant than Edison Creating the light
bulb
15
HUMAN CENTRIC LIGHTING
• Tunable (dimming and Kelvin or color
changing) LED products can match standard
LED products with
– Lumens
– Lumens per watt
– Rated life
– Price
– Warranty
• So why buy anything else?
16
HUMAN CENTRIC LIGHTING
• From LED’s Magazine
17
HUMAN CENTRIC LIGHTING
• Part of Human Centric Lighting is improved visual
acuity
• If you are not aware, the IES has approved TM-2413, so now the IES approves the benefits of high
kelvin lighting
– I was on the committee for 4 years, helping writing it
– $50 for non-members and $35 for members
– www.ies.org
• High Kelvin lighting can not only improve visual
acuity at the same wattage or maintain it at a lower
wattage, but it can also improve circadian rhythms,
alertness, etc.
18
MARKET
TRANSFORMATION
19
MARKET TRANSFORMATION
• The old message of save a watt and get a buck
may not continue to work that well
• Good lighting, including human centric lighting and
lighting upgrades in specific rooms, should no
longer be consider just a commodity
– Human Centric lighting can improve health, worker
productivity, student performance, etc.
– Even well designed fixed output and fixed Kelvin lighting
can often also do that
– It is often good to really upgrade certain rooms, such as
main lobby, important conference room, upper
management’s offices, etc.
• Since a small percentage of total project, will not really hurt overall
financials
20
MARKET TRANSFORMATION
• As I have stated for years, if you can improve worker
productivity just 1%, which is wasting 5 minutes less in an 8
hour shift, provides a $500 annual benefit per worker, who
makes $50,000 a year
– Often it can be 5%, which would be $2500 per worker per year
– These are year after year
• Upgrading a space may improve morale and the bottom
line
– For example, if a high tech firm installs tunable LED products in its
main conference room, ownership and staff may feel better about
their company, and if existing and potential financial partners come
there for meetings, that may improve their image of this company
21
MARKET TRANSFORMATION
• Stop using payback and ROI, because they do not
include
– Any benefits after payback period or equivalent ROI
percentage
– Time value of money
• Long time benefits, cost of ownership, life cycle
costing, etc., especially including soft benefits, are
so much better
• Soft benefits include improved
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Worker productivity
Student test scores
Retail sales
Financing from investors
• If you have not taken any classes from Mark Jewell please
do
22
LIGHTING
FACTORS &
COMPARISONS
23
LUMENS PER WATT
• LED
– 6000K typically has about
• 10-20% more lumens per watt than 4000K
• 25% more lumens per watt than 3500K
– For exterior applications that lower CRI is okay 4000K
chips can have about the same lumens per watt has
higher CRI 6000K chips
– Most ‘white’ LEDs are really blue LEDs with similar
phosphors that fluorescents use
• The less that the spectrum has to be shifted to a lower CCT from
6000K, the more efficient the blue/phosphor conversion
• But 6000K will typically not work in interior applications
– Developments are being made with lower Kelvin LEDs
getting closer to the efficacy of 6000K
24
LUMENS PER WATT
• Incumbent technologies have standardized lamps
and, when necessary, standardized ballasts
– So can do comparisons of lumens per watt with lamps
and ballasts
• But there are really no standardized LED ‘lamps’
– So can really only do lumens per watt out of fixtures at
steady state temperatures
• Although incumbent bare lamps have high lumens per watt, a
bunch of the light may never get out of the fixtures and even the
light that gets out of the fixture may not go where it is useful
• While LEDs can direct most or all of the light out of the fixture
and where it should be directed
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CREE SHATTERS EFFICIENCY WITH FIRST
200 LUMEN-PER-WATT LUMINAIRE; SIX
YEARS AHEAD OF PROJECTIONS
•
DURHAM, N.C., Jan. 23, 2014—Cree, Inc. (Nasdaq: CREE) raises the performance bar
again with the demonstration of the first 200 lumen-per-watt (LPW) LED concept luminaire,
which is more than twice the efficiency of the best linear fluorescent luminaires. The latest
Department of Energy (DoE) projections* had estimated that this level of luminaire efficiency
would not occur until after 2020, but Cree’s latest innovation has made this possible six
years sooner than projected. The prototype leverages Cree’s vertical integration with
innovations in LED chips, optics, materials technology and novel system design to deliver
unprecedented performance.
The 3,200 lumen concept luminaire delivered greater than
200 LPW at 80 CRI at thermal equilibrium while remaining within the ANSI color
specification for 3000K. The innovations behind the concept luminaire will enable Cree to
deliver increased performance in LED luminaire applications at a lower cost to accelerate
LED adoption. “Demonstrating the industry’s first 200 lumen-per-watt luminaire once again
illustrates Cree’s leadership in LED lighting,” said Norbert Hiller, Cree executive vice
president, lighting. “The innovation required to achieve this record performance will usher in
a new era of increased performance, quality and affordability for our LED lighting
customers.”
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DIMMING
• LED
– LED chips dim quite well
– But not all LED fixtures or replacement lamps are
designed to dim
• DOE has found that
– Some LED products, which are listed to dim, do not dim well with
some or most dimmers
– Some LED products, which are not listed to dim, do dim well with
some or most dimmers
– Some LED products list approved incandescent dimmers
– Since LEDs can get more efficient when they dim,
because they run cooler when dimmed, LEDs will
probably be the future of dimming
• But may really need dedicated dimmers that provide full power to
the driver instead of incandescent type dimmers
30
DIMMING
• Fluorescent
– Fluorescents with dimming ballasts can dim, but
• Lumens per watt gets worse, because the more
dimming, the more power has to go to heating the
cathodes of the lamps
• Dimming ballasts are expensive
– CFLs have some special characteristics
• Dedicated dimmable screw-ins usually cannot dim
below 20%
• CFLs turn grayish or bluish when dimmed, which is
opposite of our cave man (or cave woman) heritage
31
DIMMING
• MH (Metal Halide)
– Can dim quite well with electronic ballast
• But only down to about 50%
– Since no lamp cathode heating, can be more efficient
than fluorescent dimming
• Induction
– Philips was working on a dimming generator, but sold its induction
line to focus on high performance technologies
– Sylvania has dimming
– Some second tier manufacturers have at least bi-level generators
• Plasma
– Can dim quite well with electronic digital amplifier
– Example is Luxim
• www.luxim.com
32
FLICKER
• With electronic fluorescent ballasts, we pretty much
got rid of flickers
• But phase cut, which are also called wave chopping
dimmers and some LED drivers, especially pulse
width modulation (PWM) ones can provide visible
and nonvisible flicker
– Both can types of flicker can cause
•
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•
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Eye strain
Headache
Reduced visual acuity
Even seizure in some people
– How can you detect nonvisible flicker?
33
FLICKER
• This is how wave chopping dimmers can
cause flicker with LEDs
– Time without power
34
FLICKER
• Lutron’s Dimming LEDs via PWM and CCR
#360 application note may be helpful
– Following 3 slides are from this document
– http://www.lutron.com/TechnicalDocumentLibrar
y/048360a_PWM_vs_CCR_LED_App_Note.pdf
35
36
From Lutron’s #360 application note
37
From Lutron’s #360 application note
38
From Lutron’s #360 application note
COLOR RENDERING
• CRI (Color Rendering Index)
– Based on how ‘natural’ pastel or unsaturated colors
look with various light sources
– Works fairly well for all incumbent light sources
39
COLOR RENDERING
• Although LEDs do not always do well with pastel
colors, they often do very well with bright or
saturated colors
– Often people think that LEDs with lower CRI make bright
colors look more natural than other light sources that
have higher CRI
– So do not automatically think that lower CRI LEDs are
inferior
– But there are numerous LED products with 90+ CRI,
which is excellent
• The upcoming Color Quality Scale (CQS), which
has bright and pastel colors, may replace CRI
40
LONG TERM COLOR CONSISTENCY
• LED
– There are three common ways to get white light
• Most common is white LED, which is really blue LED
and yellow phosphor
– Similar to the phosphors used in fluorescent lamps
• Blue and/or other LEDs with remote phosphor
– Phosphor is subjected to less heat, so degrades more slowly
– Easier to match color among units because individual LED
light (which can vary) is correctly mixed in one optical
chamber
– Can also add other LED colors to fill out spectrum
• RGB (red, green and blue LEDs)
– Reverse rainbow
41
LONG TERM COLOR CONSISTENCY
• LED
– All can have color shift over time
• Wavelength of blue LEDs can change over time and the
phosphor can change as it ages and gets baked in its own way
• Various color LEDs have different lumen maintenance curves,
so if there no feedback loop with dimming drivers, color can
easily shift
– With being so new, we have not really seen the potential
full impact of LEDs changing colors over time
– This could be an issue down the road in spaces with
new and older LED fixtures or replacement lamps
– Cree has a very interesting TrueWhite system in many of
its products, which is a combination of white and red
LEDs with a feedback loop, so if too high Kelvin light is
sensed, the red LEDs get brighter
42
LONG TERM COLOR CONSISTENCY
• Fluorescent
– Color is typically very stable from start to end
• But CFLs can turn grayish when deeply dimmed
• MH
– Old style probe start lamps can be pinkish or bluish to
begin with and can get worse over time
– Pulse start quartz is better than probe start quartz
– Ceramic is usually quite good
43
ARE LEDS REALLY MORE
ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY?
• Yes, fluorescent, HID and induction have mercury
– But the manufacturers have been doing a very good job
reducing it
– Many states require recycling
– Many fixtures can be kept for a long time, because
lamps and ballasts can be easily replaced
• LEDs do not contain any mercury
– But let’s examine a recent report
44
ARE LEDS REALLY MORE
ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY?
• DOE has done a three part report spanning
2012 and 2013
– Life-Cycle Assessment of Energy and
Environmental Impacts of LED Lighting
Products
• http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/ssl/tech_repor
ts.html
• Following is information from that
45
Courtesy of DOE
46
Courtesy of DOE
47
Courtesy of DOE
48
Courtesy of DOE
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The greatest environmental impact after energy-in-use for
the LED sources comes from manufacturing the aluminum
heat sink, which would be reduced in size as the efficacy
increases and more of the input wattage is converted to
useful light (instead of wasted as heat). The heat sink is the
main reason the LED currently exceeds the CFL in the
category of hazardous waste to landfill, which is driven by
the upstream energy and environmental impacts from
manufacturing the aluminum from raw materials. Recycling
efforts could further reduce the adverse impact of
manufacturing the aluminum heat sink.
Courtesy of DOE
50
ARE LEDS REALLY MORE
ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY?
• Hopefully the DOE or another organization will do
something similar other LED products and high
performance incumbents
• For example high performance fluorescent 32W
F32T8 lamps can have as low 1.7 mg of mercury
and last up to 67,000 hours
– Which is much less than CFLs, which may have around
5.0 mg of mercury
– LED fixtures are typically rated for 50,000 – 100,000
hours
– LED fixtures have a lot more aluminum heat sink
material than screw-in LED lamps
51
ARE LEDS REALLY MORE
ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY?
• Potential Environmental Impacts of LEDs: Metallic
Resources, Toxicity, and Hazardous Waste
Classification
– By Seong-Lim, Daniel Kang, Oladele A. Ogunseitan and
Julie M. Schoeung at UC Davis and Irvine
– Published in early 2011
– http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/es101052q
52
MORE ON
ENVIRONMENTAL
• No matter what you specify or buy,
RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous
Substances) compliant is highly
recommended
– Already mandated in Europe
– For example, eliminates lead in solder
– Also mercury, cadmium, etc.
53
DON’T BUY AN LED
PRODUCT UNLESS
• LM79 tested by a DOE or NVLAP approved or CALiPER
recognized lab
– This is initial lumens per watt out of fixture at steady-state operating
temperature
– Compare each product’s results with other LED product’s results
– Also compare with other technology products’ performance
• LM80 information
– At least 6000 hour so lumen maintenance data for the LED package
– ENERGY STAR requires 6000 hour lumen maintenance of 94.1% for
35,000 hour life or 91.8% for 25,000 hour life
– Verify in situ temperature of the LED package in the fixture
– Lumen maintenance is just one aspect of luminaire life and reliability
54
MORE HELPFUL INFO
FOR SPECIFYING & BUYING
LED PRODUCTS
• Lean toward manufacturers that have Lighting Facts Label
– With good results
• Lean toward Energy Star,DesignLights Consortium (DLC) and/or
Lighting Design Lab (LDL) approved SSL products
– Energy Star is ‘residential’, which also includes PAR lamps, which are used
so much in commercial stores, etc.
– DLC is for commercial products
– Many organizations will only rebate LED products, which are either Energy
Star or DLC approved
• Some organizations will not rebate certain products, like LED T8s, even if they
are DLC approved
– You are fortunate to allow LDL, because in several ways is better
than DLC
55
MORE HELPFUL INFO
FOR SPECIFYING & BUYING
LED PRODUCTS
• Credibility is so important
– Do not want to repeat when so many upstart electronic
ballast companies in the late 80s and early 90s could not
handle the warranty problems and went out of business,
hanging out end-customers
– Although I have seen some very good products, I do not
specify them, because I never heard of these companies,
mostly off shore, before
• Who knows how long they and/or their sales companies will stay
in business, etc!
56
MORE HELPFUL INFO
FOR SPECIFYING & BUYING
LED PRODUCTS
• Lean toward manufacturers that have a
proven track record and deep pockets
– These manufacturers that got into LEDs early
have already learned a lot from the school of
hard knocks
– These manufacturers can handle big warranty
problems
• 3rd party insurance policy is an alternative to
deep pockets
57
MORE HELPFUL INFO
FOR SPECIFYING & BUYING
LED PRODUCTS
• Also important who you buy from
– Will the sales company be around and still carry
this line down the road?
– If you have a good relationship with a distributor,
if something goes wrong that distributor may be
able to help
• Prefer products that the manufacturers have
learned from the school of hard knocks
– For example, surge protection
58
MORE HELPFUL INFO
FOR SPECIFYING & BUYING
LED PRODUCTS
• Two major types of LEDs
– High power, like Cree, Lumileds and some others make
– Mid or low power, like some of the South Korean
manufacturers make
• Were mainly used to back light flat screen TVs, but later lighting
fixture manufacturers found out they are also good for them
• Pros and cons with both types
– Glare, heat sinks, etc
• Both are aiming for lowest $/L
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ACCEPT IT
• Just like after you do all the research,
as soon as you buy a new computer or
smart phone, like I did the fall of 2013, it
is often out dated the next month or so
• The same is true for LED products
• So get used to it
60
• LEDs
LIFE
– Most interior LED products are expected to last 30,000 100,000 hours and most exterior LED products are
expected to last 50,000 - 100,000 hours, while still
maintaining 70% of initial lumens
• Although that is based on good science, it is still projections
– Currently LEDs are tested for 6,000 hours, and life is
based on extrapolating that info
– Within TM21 the IES is considering that life should not
be extrapolated more than 6 times testing duration
– One advantage of LEDs is that they can be turned on
and off very frequently without shortening lamp life
• In fact it may help increase life, because run cooler
– LED chips are usually not the weakest link
• Drivers and other components are
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LIFE
• Hammer Testing Findings for Solid-State
Lighting Luminaires
– By DOE in December of 2013
– The following slide is about this
– http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/ssl/news
_detail.html?news_id=21168
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LIFE
• With LED, need to change maintenance worldwide
– Since LEDs typically do not die, like most incumbent lamps, but just
get dimmer and dimmer over time
• In this way LEDs are like mercury vapor, which an old 1000 watter may
only provide 5 footcandles, but maintenance people do not want to
replace them, because the lamps are still working
– There are already a bunch of first generation LED exit signs that still
work, but do not provide sufficient light based on NFPA and/or city
codes
• People are hesitant to replace or retrofit these, because they are still
working
– But there could be some big time lawsuits against the building owner,
property management firm, etc. if people have a hard time getting out of a
building during a fire or power outage
– With LEDs facility managers and maintenance people will have to be
educated and motivated to retrofit or replace LED fixtures when they
do not provide sufficient light
• Maybe LED fixtures could have internal timers, which makes the lamps
flash on and off after so many hours
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• Or, what is recommended on next slide
LIFE
LED
1. Check required light levels in critical areas from the IES, NFPA, OSHA,
etc. and from IES or others for noncritical areas
2. Research, specify, purchase and install LED fixtures, which provide at
least 20 - 30% higher than those required light levels.
30% may provide too much light for computer tasks
3. Check light levels about two years after installation if on 24/7 or about
four years after installation if on considerably less, or sooner if lighting
seems dim.
4. Then start checking light levels every year or two.
5. When light levels are only about 10 – 15% above required light levels,
start budgeting money to retrofit or replace all of the fixtures. It usually takes
one or two years to get enough money allocated.
6. When light levels are close to minimal allowed ones, then the retrofit or
replacement can be done.
65
LIFE
• Incumbents
– Other technologies have been around long
enough
– So we have a much better idea how long they
last
66
WHAT ABOUT
LONG TERM MAINTENANCE?
• Look longer than just rated life of LED fixtures
– An LED fixture can look good up to its 50,000 hour life
compared to high performance incumbent technologies
•
•
•
•
At 24/7 operation, that is less than 6 years
At typical open office operation that is about 14 years
At typical individual officer operation that is over 16 years
Often spaces get a remodel about 10, 15 or 20 years
– Although LED pricing should come down dramatically
over time, there are still driver and maybe costs for heat
sinks, etc
• So let’s say that the parts cost down the road may be half of
what it is now
– So if an LED fixture costs $350 now, the retrofit or replacement
parts down the road may be half of that, which would be $175
67
WHAT ABOUT
LONG TERM MAINTENANCE?
• Using 1.5 times, which is also
150%, of rated life can be very
useful evaluating the cost
effectiveness of LED fixtures
compared to existing and high
performance incumbent
technology fixtures
68
WHAT ABOUT
LONG TERM MAINTENANCE?
• Fluorescent and HID fixtures can easily and cost
effectively get new lamps and ballasts to last
decades
– For example, parts and labor for a 2F32T8 fixture
• Group relamping every 25,000 hours may cost $10
• Group reballasting every 50,000 hours may cost $40
• $60 total at 50,000 hours with brand new lamps and
ballast
• $70 total at 75,000 hours with brand new lamps and
1/2 old ballast
• $120 total at 100,000 hours with brand new lamps
and ballast
69
WHAT ABOUT
LONG TERM MAINTENANCE?
• At 75,000 hours
– LED troffer or troffer kit
• $250 initial parts and labor cost + $125 parts and
labor retrofit cost = $375
– High performance troffer with 1 F32T8
• $200 initial parts and labor cost + $60 parts and labor
relamping and reballasting = $260
– $375 - $260 = $115 less with fluorecent
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WHAT ABOUT
LONG TERM MAINTENANCE?
• Really important to try to get LED fixtures that are
modular with easily replaceable LEDs and drivers
– And try to get LED troffers that you do not have to move
adjacent ceilings and have to work on fixture above Tbar ceiling, which can take longer and be more a
dirt/dust problem
• With throw-away LED fixtures, make sure to
recycle the pounds of valuable metal used for heat
sinking
71
WHAT ABOUT
LONG TERM LIGHT LEVELS?
• LEDs maintain 70% of initial lumens at end of rated life (L70)
– Without some kind of control system, it will typically be
• Overlit to begin with so sufficient light at end of life
– Overlighting also uses additional wattage
• If proper light levels initially, there will usually be insufficient light at end of life
• Retrofit or replace significantly earlier than rated life
– Which increases parts and labor costs
– Some kind of photocontrol,digital timer or central control system controlling
light levels may work very well
• But added cost and reliability would have to be evaluated
• There is a good chance that some LEDs will die before end of life, which
can further reduce light levels
• Really need to switch from L70 to L90 for interior LED products
– And I would appreciate your help to get manufacturers to provide this info
– Finelite already has
72
WHAT ABOUT LONG TERM LIGHT LEVELS?
• Lumen Maintenance and Light Loss Factors: Consequences of
Current Design Practices for LEDs
– Michael Royer at PNNL, December, 2013
– Published in LEUKOS
73
WHAT ABOUT LONG TERM LIGHT LEVELS?
• Can save wattage most of the product life
• Lithonia LED fixtures with nlight system
74
WHAT ABOUT
LONG TERM LIGHT LEVELS?
• Most incumbent technologies lose much less light
at end of rated life, so this issue is not nearly as
critical as with LEDs
– 20% for high performance MH
– 8% - 10% for high performance T8
– 0% - 5% for incandescent, halogen & halogen infrared
• But induction typically loses 30% - 35% of light at
end of 100,000 hour rated life, so it has about the
same concerns as LEDs
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THROUGHOUT THIS PRESENTATION
PLEASE REMEMBER
• Raise the bar
– Although LEDs have the ‘wow’ factor, compare the best
LEDs with high performance and usually much lower cost
incumbent technology products
• Long term maintenance costs
– What will the parts and labor costs be after an LED
replacement lamp or fixture reaches 30,000 - 50,000
hour end of life compared to parts and labor costs to
replace lamps and ballasts with incumbent technologies?
• Long term light levels
– Since LED rated life is based on 70% of initial lumens will
space need to be overlit to begin with or will some kind of
dimming system be required?
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INTERIOR
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REACH-IN
FRIG/FREEZER
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LED
• Good LED products, especially with
occupancy sensors work very good
– Since no heat is the light side, can reduce
cooling load in addition to wattage for lighting
• Maybe an additional 40% for cooling
• Walmart and many other store chains have
already or are in process of getting these
• Make sure sufficient R9 (red) for frozen
meats, etc.
82
2009 NEXT GENERATION LUMINAIRES
DESIGN COMPETITION
INDOOR - REFRIGERATED DISPLAY LIGHTING
• GE Lighting Solutions’ Immersion RV30
– 1295 lumens
– 29.0 watts
– 44.7 lumens per watt
83
MY RECENT ‘7-11’ TYPE
PROJECT ON MAUI
• One of the products that I specified is the
Philips Affinium LDM 405 HE modules
– 50,000 hour rated life
– 5 year warranty
– Mainland prices may be
• $90 - $100 per LED module
• $8 per mounting extrusion
• $50 per driver, which can drive up to 5 modules
– This and some other manufacturers’ products
have footcandles or lux, but not lumens
84
MY RECENT ‘7-11’ TYPE
PROJECT ON MAUI
85
FLUORESCENT
• Majority of 5’ lamps, which are low volume and
relatively expensive
• If have T12, definitely do something
• Many existing T8s systems do not have the best
lamps or the best ballasts
• High performance T8 lamp and ballast systems
can often save 20% wattage compared to generic
T8 systems, which will also reduce cooling load
– In many applications could go with a bilevel system
controlled by an occupancy sensor
• Before jumping into LEDs, good to ‘raise the bar’
and see if they are cost effective compared to high
performance T8 systems
86
DECORATIVE
87
DECORATIVE
• Christmas/decorative lights
– LED versions are becoming a no brainer
• Small lamps in chandeliers
– Usually sparkle is important, and the amount of light is not critical
– Although there are decorative shaped CFLs with small bases, which
last much longer than incandescents, with white phosphor - No
Sparkle
– There are decorative LEDs available with small bases that have long
life and sparkle
88
DECORATIVE
• When getting these types of LED lights
– Get ones with good warranties
– Especially from big box stores. check with them if
they require lumen maintenance tests before they
carry certain products
89
OMNI
DIRECTIONAL
(FANCY NAME FOR
SOMETHING LIKE AN A19)
90
LED
• Make sure there is a good way to eliminate
Getting better all of the time, but still not
really cost effective to replace CFLs
• Hopefully there will be additional L Prize
winners in addition to Philips
• Good to compare pricing, wattage and
lumens with CFLs
91
LED
• Philips
– Stopped production of
its L-Prize winner,
because outdated
technology
– This is the new style
92
LED
• The big push is to try to get down to $10 for
60W incandescent equivalent
• For example, this is what Cree has been
doing through Home Depot based on 9/1/13
California stores’ website
– $74.82 for 6-pack of 9.5W lamps, which can
replace 60W incandescent ($12.47 each)
– $56.82 for 6-pack of 6W lamps, which can
replace 40W incandescent ($9.47 each)
– Did not wait for
Energy Star Approval
93
LED
• Have you seen the Cree incandescent
eulogy TV commercial?
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5oD3LIcd31
4
94
LED
• From Bill Attardi’s November 2013 Energy
Watch
– http://www.attardimarketing.com/energywatch/
95
LED omni-directional lamps
• Philips Slimstyle, a pancake shaped bulb
– Does not need a heat sink
– So price can be low
96
CFLs
• Although some people give CFLs a bad wrap,
CFLs are quite good in many applications
–
–
–
–
–
Screw-ins can often cost $.25 with upstream rebates
Lumens per watt are quite good
CRI is quite good, typically in the 80s
Life is much longer than incandescents
Mercury is really not that much of an issue
• Although quite good, there are some drawbacks,
and maybe best to consider a temporary solution
– Until LEDs or something else becomes ready for prime
time
97
ACCENT
LIGHTING
98
LED ACCENT LIGHTS
• Existing products are quite good
– But some clients do not have sufficient money for
large quantities
• Cool
– Since LEDs do not emit any heat from the light
side, they can be very good lighting flowers,
produce, etc. without damaging them
99
LED MR16s
• Best LED MR16s that DOE has tested so far can
only replace up to 30W halogen MR16
– MR16s are on the small side for higher wattage LEDs
to be able to dissipate sufficient heat
– Most halogen MR16s are 50W standard or 35 - 37W
infrared
– Existing LED MR16s may work fine in
• Overlit applications
– Elevators, which are often overlit
• Some aesthetic applications, where light levels not that
important
• Can add track heads and more LED MR16s for more light
100
LED MR16s
• But Cree, Soraa and others are stating that theirs can
replace 50W and even higher halogen MR16s one for one
maintaining light levels
– Cree’s Xlamp MT-G LED MR16 Reference Design Application
Note states that this LED MR16 can do it
» 620 lumens, 9W, 68 LPW
» http://www.cree.com/~/media/Files/Cree/LED%20Component
s%20and%20Modules/XLamp/XLamp%20Reference%20Desi
gns/XLampMTG_MR16_Ref.pdf
– Soraa states that its Vivid LED MR16s can even replace up to
75W halogen requirements
» 600 lumens, 11.5W & 52 LPW
» http://www.soraa.com/products/lamp-finder
• Halogen 50W MR16s provide 600 - 950 lumens
• Halogen 75W MR16s provide 1300+ lumens
101
HALOGEN MR16s
• If existing are standard halogen
– Can switch to lower wattage halogen infrareds
• For example, 50W to 35 - 37W
• If existing are halogen infrareds
– Maybe keep for maybe a year
• LED MR16s have becoming cost effective for many
applications
• Check if existing and new step down transformers will work
with LED MR16s, because LED MR16s are such low
wattage and will not activate step down transformers
– Sometimes easiest to replace existing MR16 track heads with
integral step down transformers and install line voltage track heads
and screw-in LED PAR lamps
102
LED R or PAR 20, 30 & 38
• The larger the lamp, the easier it is to
dissipate heat
• If can use larger lamp, go with it
• There are some LED reflector lamps without
any cooling fins
– Do not even think of buying
• Some retail chain stores have already
started switching to good LED reflector
lamps
103
LED R or PAR 20, 30 & 38
• Cree’s LRP38
– Indirect, so low 537 lumens
•
•
•
•
11W
50 lumens per watt
93 CRI
2700K
• Cree also has newer direct ones with more
lumens and better LPW
104
LED R or PAR 20, 30 & 38
• MSI iPAR-38 looks very interesting
– www.msissl.com
– Technology for adjustable
• 10W with 550 lumens
• 12W with 650 lumens
• 16W with 800 lumens
– Proprietary Intelligent Communication
• Type of bar code reader can provide
– Manufacturing info
– Hours of use
– Wattage setting
• MSI has newer versions without power ring, which
have more lumens and better LPW
105
LED R or PAR 20, 30 & 38
• Solais LR38 with fan
106
LED R or PAR 20, 30 & 38
• GE and others even have wet location ones
107
LED R or PAR 20, 30 & 38
• Listed LED PAR38 lamps eliminate heat
differently
– Thick metal fins
– Thin metal fins
– Fan
• LED R or PAR38s will really be ready for
prime time after there is at least one winner
of the L Prize in this category
– But need to start with at least one entry
108
EVALUATION OF BEST-INCLASS REFLECTOR LAMPS
• Innovation Electricity Efficiency (IEE)
– An Institute of the The Edison Foundation
– IEE Whitepaper
– January 2013
• Several manufacturers probably have better products
by now
– http://www.edisonfoundation.net/iee/Documents/
IEE_Evaluation%20of%20Best-inClass%20LED_Final.pdf
– Following two tables are from this report
109
110
111
LED PAR38
• DOE/PNNL has two recent CALiPER reports
– Application Summary Report 20: LED PAR38
lamps with September 2013 Addendum
– Report 20.1: Subjective Evaluation of Beam
Quality, Shadow Quality, and Color Quality for
LED PAR38 Lamps
112
LED PAR38
• Informal information provided by PNNL
113
LED MODULAR EXAMPLE
114
HALOGEN PAR 20, 30 & 38
• Just like MR16s, there are halogen infrared
PAR lamps
– Which can save 10 - 20 watts compared to
standard halogens
• If standard halogens now, maybe go with
halogen infrared now if do not have the
money for large quantities of LED ones
115
116
ANOTHER KID ON THE BLOCK
• Vu1 Technology
– www.vu1.com
• This uses electron stimulated
luminescent technology
– Accelerated electrons stimulate
phosphor
– Not considered solid state by the
DOE
• Available at Lowe’s
• Really not that cost effective
compared to CFL or LED
117
Vu1 INFO FROM LOWE’S
118
Vu1 INFO FROM LOWE’S
119
Vu1 INFO FROM LOWE’S
120
RECESSED
CAN
KITS & NEW
FIXTURES
121
LED
• Recessed can kits and new fixtures for residential
and commercial are a great application for LEDs
• I tend to greatly prefer screw-in, GU-24 or
hardwired PAR lamps or recessed can kits to
dedicated LED recessed cans
– Because know can easily and inexpensively change
light source
• May even want to change Kelvin, light output and/or distribution
sooner than later
– Who knows if will be able to get replacement LED
modules or drivers from a manufacturer of a dedicated
LED recessed can down the road
122
LED
• Cree LR6 family
– Several versions and
awards
– Up to 1800 lumens with
20W
– Up to 90 LPW
– 90+ CRI
– 10 year warranty
– Best for recessed cans
with vertical sides
123
LED
• Cree CR4 & CR6
– Lighting for Tomorrow 2010 Solid State Lighting
Competition - Honorable Mention
– Residential grade available at Home Depot for $25 - $50
– Up to 67 LPW
– 2700 - 4000K
– 80 - 90 CRI
– Works best in
vertical sided cans
124
LED
• Now so many manufacturers have
LED recessed can kits, some of which
work in in recessed cans with sloped
sides
– Here is one from Nora
125
LED
• Delray introduced the GU24 RL series, which
takes care of line voltage and uses GU24 base
LED PAR38
126
LED
• I like the Lighting Science Group 4” & 6” Glimpse,
which can be installed in a recessed can or under
a J-box
127
LED
• New similar Osram Sylvania Ultra Light Disk LED
Recessed and Surface Mount Downlight Kit can
also be installed in a recessed can or under a Jbox
128
CFL
• CFLs are reasonably efficacious, but
– Not nearly efficacious as high performance T8 systems
– Most are only rated for 10,000 - 12,000 hours
– Many recessed can fixtures for them have very bad fixture
efficiency
• Like 50 - 60%
• But there are some CFL recessed cans with more like
75% fixture efficiency
• Usually best to try to
– Have just one lamp per fixture
– Minimize lamp types
129
130
CMH
• Ceramic metal halide with electronic ballast
can be quite good when really need 90+
CRI
– Like high end retail
• Most interior LED products only have
around 80 CRI and do not do that well with
pastel colors and reds
– But there are some LED products with 90+ CRI
and high R9 content
131
DRUM TYPE
FIXTURES
132
DRUM TYPE FIXTURES
• CFLs and biax fluorescent are not very good
• Fluorescent 2’ F17T8s with high performance
ballasts may be good if can fit
– F17T8s usually work better in a square fixture
• Following are some brand new LED solutions
133
NEW LED SOLUTIONS
• Both of these are 2013 Lighting For
Tomorrow Winners
– Nesora Light Technologies’ Integra LED Disc kit
– 2300 lumens
– 111 LPW
– Good distribution
134
NEW LED SOLUTIONS
• Both of these are 2013 Lighting For
Tomorrow Winners
– PlanLED Samjin
Circular Ceiling Light
•
•
•
•
5539 lumens
91 LPW
2700 – 5000K tunable
Wireless remote control
135
LINEAR
REPLACEMENT
LAMPS
136
LED T8s
• There are hordes of sales people trying to sell
these, because of potential huge volume and profit
– Often Pinocchio-nose marketing hype
• But the DOE has not tested one yet is nearly as
good as high performance fluorescent T8s with
high performance ballasts
• Lamp cost can often range from $40 to $60 with
proposed typical 50,000 hour realistic life
– With the heat in an enclosed non-air-handling fixture, I
am not sure if they will really last 50,000 hours
137
LED T8s
• Efficiency is no longer a problem with numerous ones,
which have about a 100 LPW out of the lamps
• Several companies are marketing ones with much higher
efficiency, for example:
– Green Ray LED is promoting one with 173 LPW
– Philips has a prototype with 200 LPW, projected to be available in
2015
– It will be interesting what the DOE testing shows
• The major concern, no matter the LPW, is safety with using
fluorescent lamp holders, which will be discussed
• If high efficiency can be achieved in LED T8s, same or
better efficiency can be achieved in LED lightbars, LED
troffer kits, LED troffers and other products
138
LED T8s
• May void UL listing of fixture, that got UL
listing as a fluorescent fixture
• At least one lamp holder manufacturer
has stated that LED T8s may be too
heavy
• At least one LED T8 video states keep
the existing ballast in the fixture, even
though the LED T8s will not use it
– Bad idea
139
LED T8s
• How they are connected
– Some use existing fluorescent ballast, which consumes extra
wattage, and the ballast would have to be replaced when it burns out
• Ballasts typically have a 50,000 - 60,000 hour rated life
– Some have internal driver, which requires removing existing
fluorescent ballast and rewiring to lamp holders
• At least one lamp holder manufacturer has stated that its lamp holders
are not designed for constant 277V
• UL has found fire danger with some LED T8s with internally shunted
lamp holders
• Some contractors and end-users are using some of the existing wiring
that went between ballast and lamp holder to save time
– But that wire may be wrong gauge and color, which is an electrical violation
• There could be damage down the road if somebody replaces an LED T8
with a fluorescent T8
– Some come with their external drivers
– At least one is designed to be used with electronic instant start
ballasts for fluorescent T8s
140
LED T8s
• DOE documents
– Performance of T12 and T8 Fluorescent lamps
and LED Linear Replacement Lamps
• Benchmark Reports
• Includes that since LED T8s mainly shine light down,
so between fixtures and walls can be quite dark
– Several CALIPER Rounds
– Testing of fluorescent, dedicated LED troffers
and troffers with LED lightbars
141
LED T8s
• Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD)
– Tubular LED Retrofit Report
– Case study of Redbird LED T8s
– https://www.smud.org/en/business/save-energy/energy-managementsolutions/documents/Tubular-LED-Retrofit.pdf
• I sure think that highest lumen or extra long life fluorescent
T8s, LED lightbars and LED troffer kits would be much better
142
solutions
LED T8s
• LEDs often do not do that well taking the shapes of
other technology lamps
• Why shove LEDs with or without drivers in a 1”
diameter tube?
– Difficulty with distribution,
heat sinks, etc.
• What looks really ugly
– In parabolic troffers
143
FLUORESCENT T8s
• Since many rebate programs require what
are called high performance, super or 3rd
generation T8s and what are called basic
grade or 1st generation T8s will not be
allowed to be manufactured after June 2014,
we will just focus on the good ones
– Highest lumen long life
• www.cee1.org
– Extra long life mid lumen
144
FLUORESCENT T8s
• Some basic grade T8s do not have very
good lamp life with instant start ballasts
• T8 lamps can last much shorter than rated
life when driven by instant start ballasts and
controlled by occupancy sensors
– But good T8 lamps can last as long as they
should when turned on and off frequently, when
driven by program start ballasts
• Parallel wired program start ballasts are highly
recommended
145
FLUORESCENT T8s
• Although there is a lot of hype for T5s and
T5HOs, high performance T8 lamps and
ballasts typically provide
– More lumens per watt
– More BF flexibility
– Longer life when driven with program start
ballasts
– Lower lamp and ballast cost initially and down
the road
– Minimization of lamp and ballast types
– American jobs
146
147
148
FLUORESCENT T8s
• Some LED marketing literature and sales people try to make
fluorescent T8s look bad, like
– Stating that T8s only last 15,000 or even just 10,000 hours
• It is true that rated life for fluorescents, HID, incandescents and halogen
is when half of the lamps have burned out and half are still working in
laboratory conditions
– Small percentage of lamps may only last a few months
– Small percentage of lamps may last over a decade
– Large majority of T8 lamps will last at least 80% of rated life when not
turned on and off too much
• For example, most 42,000 hour rated T8 lamps will last at least 33,600 hours
when not turned on and off too much
• GE, Philips and Sylvania do a good job policing each other on lumen
and life ratings
• China and rare earth materials…
149
FLUORESCENT T8s
• Starting is the hardest on fluorescent lamps
– Lamp life can really get short with instant start ballasts
and occupancy sensors that turn on and off the lights
more than 4 times per day on average
– Program start ballasts really help lamp life when lamps
are cycled on and off a lot
• When I go over the pros and cons of instant and program start
ballasts with T8s, over half of my clients select parallel wired
program start ballasts
• So the next time you see LED literature or hear an
LED sales person stating that good fluorescent T8
lamps last less than 20,000 hours, you should
know better
150
LED vs. FLUORESCENT T8s
151
LED vs. FLUORESCENT T8s
152
TROFFER KITS
&
TROFFERS
153
LPW & SAVINGS
• For both LED troffers and troffer kits with
integrated optics
– This year 100 – 130 LPW
– But be careful, some manufacturers offer high LPW
products
• Have to go low drive current with extra LEDs to provide sufficient light
• Extra LEDs increase cost
• So these models are often not that cost effective
154
BETTER THAN LED T8s
• Kits for troffers, etc
– Light strips, bars or pads
•
•
•
•
Maybe $80 - $120
Screwed into fixture, using fixture as a heat sink
Driver mounted in ballast compartment
Keep existing lenses or louvers
– So not the best efficiency or distribution
– Different performance in different fixtures
• Examples
– Cree
– LED Living Technology
– RedBird
155
LED LIVING TECHNOLOGY’S
CLARIS
• Up to 130 LPW from light bars, which is maybe
about 90 - 100 LPW out of fixture
• 168,000 hour rated life
• 5 year warranty
156
CREE UR
• Magnets to make installation
easier
• 102 LPW from light bar, which
translates to about 90 LPW out of
fixture
• 7 year warranty
157
REDBIRD CARDINAL
STRIPIT KITs
• Well over 100 LPW
• 100,000+ hour rated life
• 10 year warranty with no pro-rating or exclusions
copyright of Stan Walerczyk
158
REDBIRD CARDINAL
STRIPIT KITs
copyright of Stan Walerczyk
159
ADVANTAGES OF LED
LIGHT BARS OVER LED T8s
• I have been trying to get LED T8 companies to
offer LED strip kits and am so glad that RedBird
did
• Using the same LEDs and drivers, Redbird’s strip
kits provide considerably more light than than their
equivalent LED T8s
– Using fixture housing as heat sink brings down
operating temperature
– Not having tube around LEDs
• Also brings down operating temperature
• Does not block the light going through the tube
copyright of Stan Walerczyk
160
ADVANTAGES OF LED
LIGHT BARS OVER LED T8s
• In general higher LPW
• Do not use fluorescent lamp holders,
which can be very important
• Light is higher in the fixture, which can
improve down light to the sides
• So I do not understand any application
that LED T8s should be useds
copyright of Stan Walerczyk
161
BETTER THAN LED T8s
• Kits for troffers, etc
– Hard wired kits with integral optics
•
•
•
•
Cost more, but usually worth it
Same light output and distribution, no matter which troffers they are installed in
Usually more LPW out of fixture and better distribution
Examples
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Amerilum Alumen8E
Cooper
Cree
Energy Solutions International
Envirobrite
Harris
Hubbell
Lithonia
Osram Sylvania
Philips
Raffino
PlanLED
» Nondimming & fixed Kelvin, Dimming & fixed Kelvin and Dimming & Kelvin
changing options
162
BETTER THAN LED T8s
• Hard-wired kits with integral lenses
– Philips Evokit is one example with
• 89 LPW
• 5
minute installation time
163
BETTER THAN LED T8s
• Osram Sylvania RLL series of troffers and
kits
164
LED
• Already some good LED troffers from major manufacturers
• Depending on design and application, some models may
be glary
• With control systems can have constant lumens so not
overlit to begin with or too little light at end of life
• Being able to replace LEDs and drivers from below without
having to lift ceiling tiles could really save maintenance
labor down the road
165
LED
• Different manufacturers have developed different types of LED troffers
• Lithonia’s RTLED and some others have 2 LED light bars
• GE and others are using edgelit LEDs
166
LED
• Different manufacturers have developed different types of LED troffers
• Cree is using indirect LEDs
• Finelite is using lower power blocks of LEDs, similar to the ones used in
backlighting TVs
167
LED
• Different manufacturers have developed different types of LED troffers
• Cooper Lighting SkyRidge with WaveStream technology
168
LED
• PlanLED Kelvin changing, dimmable and remote control
troffer
169
•
TROFFERS & TROFFER
KITS
Next Generation Luminaires 2013 Indoor Competition
Recognized the PlanLED - Samjin - Pure brand color tunable
2x2 panel
170
170
T8 FLUORESCENT
• Even with best fluorescent T8s and electronic ballasts,
which can provide 100 bare lamp and ballast lumens,
including fixture efficiency and thermal losses, lumens per
watt out of troffers are often not that good
–
–
–
–
70 - 75 with parabolic louvers
70 - 80 with flat clear prismatic lens
80 - 85 with high performance lens, often curved
Even lower if
• T12s with magnetic ballasts
• Basic grade T8s with generic ballasts
– Again, compare to 100 LPW out of some good LED troffers and
troffer kits
171
T8 FLUORESCENT
• There is a new generation of high
performance 2x4 1F32T8 troffers that can
be installed in typical 8x10 foot spacing
– Depending on BF and if instant or program start
extra efficient ballast, wattage can range from
24 - 39 with direct relationship to lumens
– Manufacturers and models include
• Finelite HPR
– www.finelite.com
172
T8 FLUORESCENT
Office with Finelite HPRs
173
T8 FLUORESCENT
• Existing 2x4 troffers can be cost effectively
retrofitted down to 1F32T8
– Standard lensed troffers can often get a 1-cove white
reflector
• About $55 - $60 total installed cost
– Parabolic troffers can get upscale kits
• Such as ALP’s RHT kit
– www.alplighting.com/pdf/uardiac%20rht.pdf
– About $110 - $120 total installed cost
174
TROFFERS
• LED troffers may cost about $200 and are rated for
50,000 hours, but may last significantly longer
• Fluorescent high performance troffers may cost
$100 - $150 with ballasts rated for 60,000 - 75,000
hours and good lamps driven parallel program start
ballasts, rated for 30,000 - 46,000 hours
– Recommended to group relamp and reballast at 70 80% of rated lives
• Initial labor cost may be about the same
• This is a great time to consider
– Raise the bar
– Long term maintenance costs
– Long term light levels
175
TROFFERS
• Hospital case study in 2011
– Halls with parallel wired occupancy sensors
– Even with rapid start ballasts, T8 lamps had to be group
relamped every 2 years
– Provided options
• Retrofit troffers with high lumen long life T8s and program start
ballasts
• New LED troffers
– Hospital selected LED troffers in halls
– Hospital went with T8 retrofits in other fixtures
176
HIGH PERFORMANCE FLUORESCENT
SYSTEMS ARE TOUGH TO BEAT
• Fluorescent solutions, especially with high lumen 32W
F32T8s and high performance ballasts, are tough competition
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
100 initial LPW bare lamp and ballast
75 - 85 initial LPW out of fixture, including thermal losses
24,000 - 67,000 hour rated lamp life
90% lumen maintenance at end of rated lamp life
$2.50 - $5.00 lamp cost
60,000 hour rated ballast life
$10 - $20 ballast cost
5 year parts and labor ballast warranty
Reflector kits, upscale kits and new fixtures are relatively inexpensive
Fixtures can practically last forever with lamp and ballast change outs
177
HIGH PERFORMANCE FLUORESCENT
SYSTEMS ARE TOUGH TO BEAT
• Plus when people want less light in open office areas, it is
very easy to twist out or remove one or more fluorescent
lamps
– In three lamp troffers, individual people can have no lamps, one lamp, two
lamps or all three lamps on
– I often see this and general inboard/outboard or general dimming does not
work
• Unless people get advanced controls with each LED troffer or
troffer kit being able to individually controlled, which is
expensive, there has been no good solution
• But at least Envirobrite and PlanLED are working on simple
bi-level or tri-level switches and bi or tri-level drivers
– This may only be about a $10 adder per fixture
178
FLUORESCENT LONG TERM
COSTS OVER 100,000 HOURS
• Let’s look at cost over 100,000 hours with upscale troffer kit
–
–
–
–
$120 initial parts and labor cost kit with 1F32T8
$ 20 for 3 group relampings (each after 30,000 hours)
$ 50 for 2 group reballastings (each after 45,000 hours)
$190 total
• Let’s look at cost over 100,000 hours with high performance
troffer
–
–
–
–
$160 initial parts and labor cost with 1F32T8
$ 20 for 3 group relampings (each after 30,000 hours)
$ 50 for 2 group reballastings (each after 45,000 hours)
$230 total
• Electrical cost with a 1.20 BF ballast
– $570 = 38W /1000 x 100,000 x $.15/KWH
179
LED LONG TERM COSTS
OVER 100,000 HOURS
• Let’s look at cost with 50,000 hour rated LED upscale troffer kit
– $200 initial parts and labor cost kit
– $100 new LEDs and driver (at 50,000 hours)
– $300 total
• Let’s look at cost with 50,000 hour rated LED high performance
troffer
– $250 initial parts and labor cost
– $100 new LEDs and driver (at 50,000 hours)
– $330 total
• Electrical cost
– $188 = 25W /1000 x 50,000 x $.15/KWH (35% less wattage than
fluorescent)
– $165 = 22W /1000 x 50,000 x $.15/KWH (better LEDs down the road)
– $353 total
180
LED LONG TERM COSTS
OVER 100,000 HOURS
• Electrical savings compared to fluorescent
– $217 = $570 - $353
• Extra parts and labor compared to fluorescent
– $100 - $110
• So only about a net gain of $100 - $110 with LED
– But the LED includes more upfront money that the customer has to pay
– Including the cost of money over time, a buck now is worth much more than a
buck saved in electricity well in the future
181
LED LONG TERM COSTS
OVER 100,000 HOURS
• Let’s look at cost with 50,000 hour rated upscale troffer kit
– $200 initial parts and labor cost kit
– $100 new LEDs and driver (at 50,000 hours)
– $300 total
• Let’s look at cost with 50,000 hour rated high performance
troffer
– $250 initial parts and labor cost
– $100 new LEDs and driver (at 50,000 hours)
– $330 total
• Electrical cost
– $188 = 25W /1000 x 50,000 x $.15/KWH (35% less wattage than
fluorescent)
– $165 = 22W /1000 x 50,000 x $.15/KWH (better LEDs down the road)
182
– $353 total
LED LONG TERM COSTS
OVER 100,000 HOURS
• Let’s look at cost with 100,000 hour rated upscale
troffer kit
– $200 initial parts and labor cost kit
• Let’s look at cost with 100,000 hour rated high
performance troffer
– $250 initial parts and labor cost
• Electrical cost
– $375 = 25W /1000 x 100,000 x $.15/KWH (35% less
wattage than fluorescent)
183
LED LONG TERM COSTS
OVER 100,000 HOURS
• Electrical savings compared to fluorescent
– $195 = $570 - $375
• Extra parts and labor compared to fluorescent
– $10
• Net gain of about $185 with 100,000 hour rated LED
troffer or troffer kit
– So if customer has the extra upfront money and is willing
to spend it, LED can be better
184
LONG TERM COST COMPARISON
• So over 100,000 hours
– With 50,000 hour rated LED products it is relatively even,
based on fixed dollars
• But the real value of money goes down over time
• And people may not want to pay the extra money up front for LED
• Plus fluorescent ballasts have a 5 year parts and labor warranty,
while LED drivers typically only have parts warranty
• (If just did the comparison for 50,000 hours, which could be 10
years at 5000 hours a year, fluorescent would look better)
– But 100,000 hour rated LED products can be better
• Especially with
– 10 year warranty
– When DLC eliminates or reduces minimum lumens, so fewer LEDs
will be needed, which will bring cost down
185
TROFFER DISTRIBUTION
• Most lensed fluorescent troffers have a batwing distribution
perpendicular to lamp length
– Which provides a good amount of light between fixtures
• But way too many LED troffers and troffer kits have a cosine
or squashed cosine distribution pattern
– Which most of the light goes straight down, so between fixtures may
be underlit
• Check the polar distribution curves in spec sheets
186
TROFFER DISTRIBUTION
• 2013 Architectural SSL Product Innovation
Awards
– Philips Ledalite ArcForm - Recessed LED troffer
• 3D symmetrical batwing distribution
• http://www.ledalite.com/products/arcform/recessed
187
TWO RECENT
DOCUMENTS
• Troffers, Kits, and Tubes: LEDs challenge
fluorescent in the Office Lighting Olympics
– DOE – PNNL
– June 2013
• LED Retrofits for Troffers
– Northwest Lighting Network Webinar
– Levin Nock at BPA
– July 11, 2013
188
SUSPENDED
INDIRECT
DIRECT
FIXTURES
189
LED
• LEDs could run cooler with less heat sinking than
in troffers and recessed cans
• Uniform uplight with some not too intense
downlight are challenges
• It will take a while for LED suspended fixtures to be
cost effective compared high performance
fluorescent suspended fixtures
• Three following slides are from Finelite about its
new LED suspended indirect/direct fixtures
190
HP-4 Installation – Case Western Reserve University
Before
(16) 250 watt MH
Estimated Total
Wattage = 4240W
Agent: Mike Evert - Intelligent Illumination
Design: Aaron Smith and Vickie Lauck
Inside Sales: Eva Cabral
191
HP-4 Installation – Case Western Reserve University
Design Rendering
192
HP-4 Installation – Case Western Reserve University
After
(4) HP4-ID-32’-HO-HO
Estimated Total
Wattage = 2368
193
FINELITE LED SERIES 16
• Can provide over 110 LPW
• L90 at 100,000 hours & 10 year warranty
• 3E version has independent control of up and
down light
194
PHILIPS BOLD PLAY
• Over 100 LPW and great batwing distribution
• But also over $100 per foot
195
FLUXWERX
• Up to 103 LPW and L90 at 60,000 hours
• http://fluxwerx.com/
196
T8 FLUORESCENT
• Well designed suspended indirect/direct fixtures with
1F32T8 per cross section
– Can provide quite low power densities
– Total installed cost often less than individual troffers
• When can have relatively long rows in new construction and gut rehabs
• One lamp per cross section is usually much better than two
or three for
– Optimal light distribution
• Usually batwing
– Best fixture efficiency
– Lowest wattage
– Lowest fixture cost
• Fixture cost may be $25 - $40 per linear foot depending on
type of fixture, quantity, etc.
197
T8 FLUORESCENT
• Make sure fixture reflectors are designed for T8s
and not for T5s/T5HOs
• There are many good manufacturers and models
– For example, Finelite offers several good models,
including Series 12, 15 and 16
– These are photos of Series 12 with white cross blade
198
LED UPLIGHT
FIXTURES ON
OFFICE MODULE
WALLS
199
MODULE WALL UPLIGHTS
• This can be great in call centers, especially
24 hour ones, and regular offices with
portable modules
• Can work great with tunable task lights and
maybe even a SAD light
• I would love the opportunity to help any of
you on local 24 hour call centers with a
Human Centric Lighting approach
200
PLANLED INDIRECT TUBE
• This 4’ I-Tube is not really a tube, but a
complete fixture with very good batwing
distribution, low glare and $100 - $150 cost
• 1600 lumens & 16W, so 100 LPW
201
TASK
AMBIENT
LIGHTING
202
TASK AMBIENT LIGHTING
• Task ambient lighting is having relatively low footcandle
ambient lighting and additional task lighting when and where
need it
• Light levels drop off exponentially as distance increases
between source and task
– For example if double distance, 1/4 the footcandles
– Much less wattage getting high light levels from a task light 2’ away
from task, than from ceiling fixtures 6’ away from task
• This strategy may be the most cost effective way to have
very low power densities while providing good quality lighting
203
TASK AMBIENT LIGHTING
• Ambient lighting can provide 10 - 20 footcandles on
desks
– Often more light is worse than less light, because more light can
cause more glare and higher contrast ratios
• In typical offices, usually .4 - .6 WSF is easily attainable with
both task and ambient lighting
• The new Title 24 has separate LPD requirements for
portable ambient and task
– Task lighting in offices may have a maximum .3 WSF
• For example a maximum 12W LED task light in an 10’ x 10’ space = .12 WSF
– As long as does not exceed .3 WSF, is not included in WSF
calculations
204
TASK AMBIENT LIGHTING
• Existing task
– For a long time most modular office systems had fluorescent
undercabinet task lights
• But most of these fixtures
– Use way too much wattage
– Are glare bombs
» Hitting shiny paper and/or desks and then bounced into eyes
– Provide too much light
» That is why often gray scale tube guards to reduce amount of light, but
still uses all of the wattage
– Often difficult to replace ballasts
» Many ballast compartments too small for standard sized extra efficient
ballasts
– Sometimes still T12s with magnetic ballasts or T8s with magnetic ballasts
– There are some good CFL desk mount task lights
• But way too many people still use energy hog incandescent or quartz
halogen
205
LED TASK LIGHTS
• Since tunable (dimming and Kelvin
changing) ones have about the same
LPW, cost, life and warranty as standard
LED ones, no reason to get standard
ones
• You can read my new task ambient
lighting white paper
– Available for free on my website
206
DESK MOUNT TASK LIGHTS
• My favorite is the PlanLED TL-7000
• 3 light levels
• 3 Kelvins
• Tall enough so can
– Mimic undercabient task light
– Provide light in front and back of
computer monitor for low contrast
ratio
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Long reach
Swivel
Low glare
Minimum shadowing
Up to 130 footcandles
Timer
Black or white
207
207
UNDERCABINET TASK LIGHTS
• Recently PlanLED introduced the tunable CTU series
208
208
WHAT YOU DO IN A TYPICAL
PRIVATE OFFICE THAT HAS 2 2x4 18
CELL PARABOLIC TROFFERS, EACH
WITH 3 F32T8/735s & 0.87 BF
GENERIC ELECTRONIC BALLAST
(ORIGINALLY INBOARD/OUTBOARD
SWITCHING)?
THIS PUTS TOGETHER A LOT OF WHAT
WE COVERED
AGAIN, DO NOT LOOK AHEAD
209
210
HIBAYS
211
HIBAYS
• I have a half day seminar on this subject
• Here are some key points
• For most applications high lumen and full wattage
T8s with high performance ballasts are the best
solution
• LED, especially with controls can often be the best
solution for cold storage
• Even in other solutions, many end-customers,
especially high tech ones, want LED
• LED hibays, especially with 100,000 hour rated life
and 10 year warranty, can be cost effective, if
people have and are willing to spend the extra
money up front
212
SOME LED HIBAY MANUFACTURERS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Albeo (GE)
Appalachian Lighting Systems
Cool Lumens
Cree
Dialight
Digital Lumens
Hubbell
LEDalux
Lights Orient
Lightwild
Lithonia
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
LSI
Lumenpulse
Lusio Luminaire
Norman LEDs
Orion Energy Systems
PlanLED
ProTerra
See Smart
Smash Ray
Spectrum Lighting
213
ARCHITECTURAL SSL MAGAZINE’S
2014 PRODUCT INNOVATION
AWARDS FOR HIBAYS
• If they are not available now, they should be soon
• I have been a judge for 3 years
• www.architecturalssl.com
copyright of Stan Walerczyk
214
214
LED
• I recently recommended some PlanLED LED
hibays that have 13,000 initial lumens, very good
optical control 100,000+ rated life and 10 year
warranty at
– SFPUC gyms and pools
– Tesla Motors
• Yes, those lumens are a fraction of the 36,000
initial lumens from a 400W probe start MH lamp,
but with very good fixture efficiency and optical
control these LED hibays performed very well
215
LED
• There are already some economy LED hibays to
replace 400W MH and HPS for about $350
• There are also some new LED hibays, which can
replace 1000W MH and HPS for less than $2000
– One example is the PlanLED IBL-400, which is 4’ x 4’,
has indirect LEDs for low glare, and costs about $1250
216
LED
• Holophane Phuzion
– Can be used up to 149F
– Prismatic borosilicate
glass does not fade,
discolor or otherwise
degrade in harsh
enviroments
217
LED
• Again LED hibays are great for cold storage
• Cree has several case studies, showing they were
cost effective even back in 2009
218
copyright of Stan Walerczyk
219
219
DESIGNLIGHTS
CONSORTIUM
(DLC)
CAN BE
CONSIDERED A
MAJOR PROBLEM
220
DLC
• DLC is actually pushing people away from good LED solutions and
toward incumbent technologies
– Which is a major issue for rebate organizations, which will only provide
rebates on commercial LED products, which the DLC approves
– DLC does not cover high performance fluorescent and other technologies,
so there can still be rebates for them
• DLC has 3 requirements that don’t make sense
– Too high minimum lumens for several product types, especially 2x4 LED
troffers and troffer kits, which require 3000 out of fixture lumens
• Often less than 2000 lumens is optimal in halls, restrooms and even offices that
have task ambient lighting
– Max CCT or Kelvin
• 5000K for interior & 5700K for exterior
• No good expert on Human Centric Lighting would recommend that
– No approval on niche products that do not fit into any existing category
• Allowing a general category for niche products, like greenhouse lights, would be
so much better
221
DLC
• For example, let’s look at 2x4 troffers
– Often 1 fluorescent 32W F32T8 850, 865 or 880 lamp with as low as
.71 BF high performance ballast in upscale kit or high performance 2x4
troffer provides
• 3100 x .71 x .75 = 1651 out of fixture photopic lumens
– In many halls, restrooms, closets and offices with good task lights this
provides very good lighting
– Often less light is better than more light
– This fluorescent solution would qualify for rebates, but any LED 2x4
that provides less than 3000 lumens would not
• If you also think that these DLC requirements are not good,
please contact them direct or through your utility
– www.designlights.org
222
DLC
• I have trying to get rebate organizations to switch from DLC to
LDL (Lighting Design Lab) because LDL does minimum LPW
and CRI requirements, which is good, but not max Kelvin or
minimum lumen requirements, which is bad
• I think we are past the days that we need Big Brother making
so many choices for us
• We, including lighting professionals and customers, should be
able to make choices and still get rebates
223
WHAT SPECIFIC
INTERIOR
PRODUCT OR
APPLICATION DID
YOU LIKE BEST OR
LEAST?
224
IF YOU ARE NOT
INTERESTED IN
EXTERIOR LIGHTING OR
IF YOU HAVE TO LEAVE,
THANKS FOR
ATTENDING AND
PLEASE FILL OUT ANY
EVALUATION FORMS
225