camnetics

AISI 4340
Fatigue Life Assessment of Weld Surfacing of AISI 4340
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Siva Sitthipong
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A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of
Master of Engineering in Material Engineering
Prince of Songkla University
2553
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ชื่อวิทยานิพนธ์
ผู้เขียน
สาขาวิชา
ปี การศึกษา
การประเมินอายุความล้าของผิวเชื่อมพอกเหล็กกล้าทนแรงดึงสู ง AISI
4340
นายศิวะ สิ ทธิพงศ์
วิศวกรรมวัสดุ
2552
บทคัดย่ อ
งานวิจยั นี้ เป็ นการวิเคราะห์การชารุ ดของเพลาสวิง ซึ่งผลิตมาจากเหล็กกล้า ผสมต่า
ทนแรงดึงสู ง เกรด AISI 4340 ซึ่ งใช้ในระบบส่ งกาลังแบบหมุนเหวีย่ งของรถขุดไฟฟ้ า ประโยชน์ที่
ได้จากงานวิจยั นี้คือสามารถเลือกกรรมวิธีการเชื่อมซ่อมที่ดีที่สุดที่จะนามาใช้ในการเชื่อมซ่อมเพลา
สวิงได้ หลังจากเพลาสวิงชารุ ดมีการตรวจพินิจผิวรอยแตกของเพลาสวิงพบว่ารอยแตกเริ่ มต้นจาก
บริ เวณฟิ ลเลต เมื่อทาการศึกษาหาสาเหตุเพื่อแก้ปัญหา ผลจากการวิเคราะห์ค่าความเค้นสามารถ
พิสูจน์และนาไปสู่ ทางออกของปั ญหาได้ โดยศึกษาในเงื่อนไขเพลาสวิงรับภาระเต็มกาลังขณะ
ทางาน พบว่าบริ เวณที่มีค่าความเค้นสู งที่สุดเป็ นบริ เวณเดียวกันกับบริ เวณที่เพลาแตกขาด ความเค้น
สู งสุ ดขณะที่เพลาเกิดการเปลี่ยนแปลงภาระกะทันหันถูกเชื่อว่าเป็ นสาเหตุเบื้องต้นของการแตกล้า
และการลุกลามของรอยแตก จากการวิเคราะห์การชารุ ดยืนยันว่าสาเหตุมาจากการทางานที่ภาระไม่
ปกติ ท้ายที่สุดจะทาการแนะนากรรมวิธีการเชื่อมซ่อมที่เหมาะสมที่สุดในการซ่อมเพลาสวิง
(3)
Thesis Title
Author
Major Program
Academic Year
Fatigue Life Assessment of Weld Surfacing of AISI 4340
Mr. Siva Sitthipong
Material Engineering
2009
ABSTRACT
This research is to analyze the failure of swing shaft made of high strength steel
AISI 4340 and use in the swing power transmission system of Electric Shovels. The advantage of
this analysis is to select the best welding process to repair the shaft. After having fractured
surface, visual examination of the fractured surface indicates cracks initiated from the fillet
shoulder. To find out the cause of fracture of the shaft, the analytical solution was carried out to
investigate the stress of the shaft under full loading during working. Result of stress analysis
reveal that the maximum stress area was at the fractured regions of the damaged shaft. The
maximum stresses predict under shock loading was believed to be the cause for fatique crack
initiation and propagation of this failure. The failure analysis confirmed that the fatigue fracture
of the shaft was caused by abnormal operation. Finally, some advices to select the best welding
process are discussed of this swing shaft.
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2.10 ÁŠºÉ°œÅ…„µ¦‹´¥¹—¨³£µ¦³Â¦Š
52
2.11 ·Êœ­nªœž¦³„°˜nµŠÇ…°ŠÁ¡¨µ­ª·Š
53
2.12 ‹Îµ¨°ŠÁ¡¨µ­ª·Šš¸É‹³­nŠÅžª·Á‡¦µ³®rŢŜ˜rÁ°¨·Á¤œ˜r
53
2.13 ‹Îµ¨°ŠÁ¡¨µ­ª·Šš¸É˜¸Á¤(mesh) ¨oª¡¦o°¤Á…oµ­¼n„¦³ªœ„µ¦ª·Á‡¦µ³®r
55
(12)
¦µ¥„µ¦£µ¡ž¦³„° (˜n°)
¦¼žš¸É
®œo µ
2.14 £µ¦³‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ®¤»œ—´—…–³šÎµ„µ¦š—­°
56
2.15 …´Êœ˜°œ„µ¦Á˜¦¸ ¥¤·ÊœŠµœš—­°
56
2.16 ‹Îµ¨°Š…°ŠÁ¡¨µ­ª·Š˜´ªš¸É°°„Ä®¤n
61
3.1 ¨´„¬–³„µ¦Îµ¦» —¨³Ÿ·ª¦°¥Â˜„…°ŠÁ¡¨µ
65
3.2 ¦· Áª–nµÁ¡¨µÂÃ‡oŠŽ¹ÉŠÁžÈ œ¦· Áª–Á¦·É ¤˜oœ…°Š¦°¥Â˜„
65
3.3 „¦µ¢‡ªµ¤­´¤¡´œ›r…°Š‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ„´°µ¥»…°ŠÁœºÊ°ÁºÉ°¤Á®¨È„„¨oµAISI 4340 š¸ÉÁºÉ°¤—oª¥
„¦¦¤ª·›¸Å¢¢o µ—oª¥¨ª—ÁºÉ°¤®»¤o ¢¨´„Žr
67
3.4 „¦µ¢‡ªµ¤­´¤¡´œ›r…°Š‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ„´°µ¥»…°ŠÁœºÊ°ÁºÉ°¤Á®¨È„„¨oµAISI 4340 š¸ÉÁºÉ°¤—oª¥
„¦¦¤ª·›¸„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤¤·„/¤„
67
3.5 „¦µ¢‡ªµ¤­´¤¡´œ›r…°Š‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ„´°µ¥»…°ŠÁœºÊ°ÁºÉ°¤Á®¨È„„¨oµAISI 4340 š¸ÉÁºÉ°¤—oª¥
„¦¦¤ª·›¸„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤—oª¥¨ª—ÁºÉ°¤Å­o¢¨´„Žr
3.6 „¦µ¢‡ªµ¤­´¤¡´œ›r…°Š‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ„´°µ¥»…°ŠÁ®¨È„„¨oµŸ­¤˜ÎɵAISI 4340
68
68
3.7 „¦µ¢Áž¦¸ ¥Áš¸¥‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ„´°µ¥»…°ŠÁœºÊ°ÁºÉ°¤š¸Éŗo‹µ„„¦¦¤ª·›¸„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤Å¢¢o µ
—oª¥¨ª—®»¤o ¢¨´„Žr„¦¦¤ª·›¸„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤¤·„/¤„¨³„¦¦¤ª·›¸„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤Å­o¢¨´„Žr
¨³Á®¨È„„¨oµŸ­¤˜ÎɵAISI 4340
69
3.8 Ÿœ£µ¡Â­—ŠÂ¦Š„¦³šÎµ
70
3.9 Ÿ¨„µ¦ª·Á‡¦µ³®r‡nµ‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ—oª¥Ãž¦Â„¦¤Shaft Component Generation
71
3.10 ­—Š„µ¦„¦³‹µ¥…°Š‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ„¦–¸ Ťn­ª¤Á¢º °ŠÁ„¸¥¦r
72
3.11 ­—Š„µ¦„¦³‹µ¥…°Š‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ„¦–¸ ­ª¤Á¢º °ŠÁ„¸¥¦r
72
3.12 …°Á…˜„µ¦ª·˜´ ·…°ŠÁ®¨È„„¨oµšœÂ¦Š—¹Š­¼ŠAISI 4340
73
3.13 …°Á…˜„µ¦ª·˜´ ·…°ŠÁœºÊ°ÁºÉ°¤¡°„Ÿ·ªŽ¹ÉŠÁ˜¦¸ ¥¤‹µ„„¦¦¤ª·›¸„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤Å¢¢o µ—oª¥¨ª—ÁºÉ°¤
®»¤o ¢¨´„Žr
74
(13)
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¦¼žš¸É
®œo µ
3.14 …°Á…˜„µ¦ª·˜´ ·…°ŠÁœºÊ°ÁºÉ°¤¡°„Ÿ·ªŽ¹ÉŠÁ˜¦¸ ¥¤‹µ„„¦¦¤ª·›¸„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤Å¢¢o µ—oª¥¨ª—ÁºÉ°¤
Å­o¢¨´„Žr
74
3.15 …°Á…˜„µ¦ª·˜´ ·…°ŠÁœºÊ°ÁºÉ°¤¡°„Ÿ·ªŽ¹ÉŠÁ˜¦¸ ¥¤‹µ„„¦¦¤ª·›¸„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤¤·„/¤„
75
3.16 Ÿœ£µ¡°µ¥»‡ªµ¤¨oµ…°ŠÁ®¨È„„¨oµšœÂ¦Š—¹Š­¼ŠAISI 4340
76
3.17 Ÿœ£µ¡°µ¥»‡ªµ¤¨oµ…°ŠÁœºÊ°ÁºÉ°¤‹µ„„¦¦¤ª·›¸„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤Å¢¢o µ—oª¥¨ª—ÁºÉ°¤®»¤o ¢¨´„Žr 77
3.18 Ÿœ£µ¡°µ¥»‡ªµ¤¨oµ…°ŠÁœºÊ°ÁºÉ°¤‹µ„„¦¦¤ª·›¸„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤Å¢¢o µ—oª¥¨ª—ÁºÉ°¤Å­o¢¨´„Žr 77
3.19 Ÿœ£µ¡°µ¥»‡ªµ¤¨oµ…°ŠÁœºÊ°ÁºÉ°¤‹µ„„¦¦¤ª·›¸„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤¤·„/¤„
78
4.1 Ÿ¨„µ¦ª·Á‡¦µ³®r‡nµ‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ—oª¥Ãž¦Â„¦¤Shaft Component Generation
83
4.2 Ÿ¨„µ¦ª·Á‡¦µ³®r‡nµ‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ—oª¥Ãž¦Â„¦¤Å¢Åœ˜rÁ°¨·Á¤œ˜r
84
(14)
šš¸É1
šœÎµ
1.1 šœÎµ˜oœÁ¦ºÉ°Š
Á®¤º°ŠÂ¤nÁ¤µ³ ÁžÈ œÁ®¤º°Š¨·„Åœ˜rÁž· — (Open cut coal mine) š¸ÉÄ®nš¸É­»—Äœ
ž¦³Áš«Åš¥Äœ„µ¦…»—™nµœ‹³ÄoÁ‡¦ºÉ °Š‹´„¦„¨…œµ—Ä®n‡º°¦™…»—Å¢¢o µ(Electric Shovel) ¥¸®É °o
P&H¦»n œ2100 BL¦¼ ž 1.1 …œµ—…°Šž»o Š„¸Ì(Bucket) 11 ¨¼„µ«„rÁ¤˜¦‹Îµœªœ 4 ‡´œÂ¨³…œµ— 14
¨¼„µ«„rÁ¤˜¦ 2 ‡´œ¦µ‡µ˜n°‡´œž¦³¤µ– 350 ¨oµœµš Ž¹ÉŠÁžÈ œÁ‡¦ºÉ °Š‹´„¦š¸É˜°o ŠœÎµÁ…oµ‹µ„
˜nµŠž¦³Áš«°³Å®¨n¨³·Êœ­nªœ˜nµŠÇ˜o°ŠŽºÊ°‹µ„¦· ¬š´ Ÿ¼Ÿo ¨·˜Á‡¦ºÉ °Š‹´„¦Ž¹ÉŠ¤¸¦ µ‡µÂ¡ŠÄœÂ˜n
¨³ž¸ Šž¦³¤µ–‡nµÄo‹nµ¥—oµœ°³Å®¨nž¦³¤µ–ž¸ ¨³15-20 ¨oµœµš
¦¼ ž1.1 ¦™…»—Å¢¢o µ(Electric Shovel) ¥¸®É °o P&H ¦»n œ 2100 BL
n°¥‡¦´ÊŠš¸É¦™…»—Å¢¢o µ˜o°Š®¥»—„µ¦šÎµŠµœ°¥nµŠ„³š´œ®´œ ­µÁ®˜» ¤µ‹µ„„µ¦Îµ¦» —…°Š
Á¡¨µÄœ¦³­nŠ„ε¨´Š(Power Transmission System) …°Š¦™…»—Å¢¢o µ š´ÊŠš¸ÉÁ¡¨µÁ®¨nµœ¸ÊŸ¨·˜¤µ‹µ„
Á®¨È„„¨oµ‡µ¦r°œŸ­¤˜ÎɵšœÂ¦Š—¹Š­¼Š (High Strength Low Alloy Steels) Á„¦— AISI4340 š¸É¤¸‡nµ
‡ªµ¤Â…Ȋ¦Š—¹Š(Ultimate Tensile Strength) ­¼Š¤¸‡nµ‡ªµ¤Â…Ȋ¦Š„¦³Âš„ (Impact Strength) ­¼Š
°¸„š´ÊŠ­µ¤µ¦™¦´£µ¦³¡¨ª´˜(Dynamic Load) ŗo—¸ Á¡¨µš¸ÉµÎ ¦» —n°¥š¸É­»—‡º°Á¡¨µ­ª·Š¦¼ žš¸É 1.2 Ž¹ÉŠ
ÁžÈ œ·Êœ­nªœ …°ŠÁ‡¦ºÉ °Š‹´„¦„¨®¨´„ Ĝ¦³­nŠ„ε¨´ŠÂ®¤»œÁ®ª¸É¥Š (swing power transmission
system) …°Š¦™…»—Å¢¢o µšÎµ®œoµš¸É­nŠ™nµ¥„ε¨´ŠÂ¨³„µ¦Á‡¨ºÉ°œš¸É‹µ„­ª·Š¤°Á˜°¦r (swing motor) Ş
¥´Š­ª·ŠÁ„¸¥¦r(swing gear) ´Š‡´š·«…°Š¦™…»—Å¢¢o µÄ®o®¤»œÅžšµŠŽoµ¥®¦º °šµŠ…ªµ˜µ¤ ˜n ‡ª‡»¤
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Šµœ®¦º °œÎµÁ…oµ­¼n„¦³ªœ„µ¦Žn°¤
¦¼ žš¸É 1.2 Á¡¨µ­ª·Š
„¦³ªœ„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤Žn°¤(Welding Repair Process) ×¥„¦¦¤ª·›¸„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤¡°„Ÿ·ª
·Êœ­nªœ(Welding Resurfacing or Build-Up) ÁžÈ œª·›¸„µ¦®œ¹ÉŠš¸É™„¼ Á¨º°„čoĜ„µ¦Žn°¤Ÿ·ª·Êœ­nªœš¸É
˜„¦oµª‹µ„„µ¦¨oµÁœºÉ°Š‹µ„ž¦³­·š›·£µ¡…°ŠÁœºÊ°ÁºÉ°¤‹³Ä®o­¤´˜·Ä„¨oÁ‡¸¥Š„´·Êœ­nªœÁ—·¤˜oœš»œ
Ĝ„µ¦Žn°¤˜ÎɵÁ¤ºÉ°Áš¸¥„´„µ¦­´ŠÉ ŽºÊ° ·ÊœŠµœÄ®¤n ¨³®œnª¥Šµœš¸É¤¸®œoµš¸É¦´Ÿ·—°Äœ„µ¦Å¢¢o µ
­µ¤µ¦™Žn°¤Å—oÁ°Š —oª¥„¦¦¤ª·›¸Â¨³…´Êœ˜°œ„µ¦—εÁœ·œŠµœ˜µ¤¤µ˜¦“µœ…°Š American Welding
Society (AWS) „ε®œ—
Á¤ºÉ°œÎµ·Êœ­nªœš¸ÉŸµn œ„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤Žn°¤„¨´ÅžÄoŠµœ‹œ™¹Š¦³¥³Áª¨µ®œ¹ÉŠ¡ªnµ¤¸„µ¦
˜„¦oµª®¦º °Îµ¦» —‹µ„„µ¦¨oµ(Fatigue failure) ¦¼ ž1.3 Á„·—…¹ÊœÁnœÁ—¸¥ª„´œ ¨³°µ¥»„µ¦ÄoŠµœ„È­Ê œ´
„ªnµ·Êœ­nªœš¸ÉŤnŗošµÎ „µ¦ÁºÉ°¤¡°„Ÿ·ª Ž¹ÉŠ‹µ„­™·˜·…°o ¤¼¨„µ¦Žn°¤Á¡¨µ­ª·Š¡ „µ¦Îµ¦» —®¨´Š„µ¦
Žn°¤ Ĝ¦°20 ž¸ ‹Îµœªœ 53‡¦´ÊŠ ­nŠŸ¨Ä®oÁ­¸¥‡nµÄo‹nµ¥Äœ„µ¦ŽºÊ°š—šœ16 ¨oµœµš Ťnœ´ ¦ª¤
‡nµÂ¦·É Š(bearing) ž¦³¤µ– 4 ¨oµœµš ‡nµÂ¦Šž¦³¤µ– 1¨oµœµš ‡nµ°»ž„¦–r˜nµŠÇ‡nµÁ‡¦ºÉ °Š‹´„¦
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¦¼ žš¸É 1.3 ¦°¥Â˜„(crack) ‹µ„‡ªµ¤¨oµ(fatigue)
‹µ„Ÿ¨„µ¦ª·Á‡¦µ³®r„µ¦Îµ¦» —®¨´Š„µ¦Žn°¤¡ªnµ¦°¥¦oµª‹³Á¦·É ¤‹µ„¦· Áª–š¸Éŗo¦´
Ÿ¨„¦³š‹µ„‡ªµ¤¦o°œ (Heat affect zone) ¨³¨»„¨µ¤ (Propagated) Á…oµ­¼nÁœºÊ°Ã¨®³Á—· ¤ šÎµÄ®o
·ÊœŠµœÎµ¦» —‹œ„¦³š´ŠÉ Ťn­µ¤µ¦™ÄoŠµœ˜n°ÅžÅ—oŽ¹ÉŠ„µ¦Îµ¦» —…°Š·Êœ­nªœÂ˜n¨³‡¦´ÊŠšÎµÄ®oÁ„·—„µ¦
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1.‡nµÄo‹nµ¥Äœ„µ¦ŽºÊ°°³Å®¨nÄ®¤n
2.‡nµÄo‹nµ¥Äœ„µ¦™°—Áž¨¸É¥œ·Êœ­nªœ
3.Áª¨µÂ¨³Ã°„µ­Äœ„µ¦Ÿ¨·˜
4.¤¸„µ¦®¥»—°¥nµŠ˜n°ÁœºÉ°Š…°ŠÁ‡¦ºÉ °Š‹´„¦œ·—°ºÉœÇš¸ÉšµÎ Šµœ¦n ª¤„´œ
5.£µ¡¨´„¬–r…°Š®œnª¥ŠµœÂ¨³‡ªµ¤ÁºÉ°™º°
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ÁŠ·œ˜¦µ˜nµŠž¦³Áš«Äœ„µ¦‹´—®µ°³Å®¨nÄ®¤n¤µš—šœ
ž´‹‹»œ´ ®œnª¥Šµœ£µ¥Äœ„µ¦Å¢¢o µ n µ¥Ÿ¨·˜Á®¤º°ŠÂ¤nÁ¤µ³š¸É¤¸®œoµš¸É ¦´Ÿ·—° ŗo
—εÁœ·œ„µ¦Žn°¤Á¡¨µ­ª·ŠÃ—¥Äo„¦¦¤ª·›¸„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤¡°„Ÿ·ªÃ—¥„¦³ªœ„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤Å¢¢o µ—oª¥¨ª—ÁºÉ°¤
®»¤o ¢¨´„Žr (Shielded Metal Arc Welding Process) Ž¹ÉŠÄœ„¦–¸ š¸É£µ¦³ž„˜·¡ªnµ°µ¥»…°ŠÁ¡¨µ­ª·Šš¸É
Ÿnµœ„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤Å—oŸ¨ÁžÈ œš¸Éœnµ¡°Ä‹Â˜nĜ„¦–¸ š¸É¦´£µ¦³Å¤nž„˜· ÁnœÄoŠµœÁ„·œ£µ¦³„ε®œ— (Over
Capacity) čoŠµœŸ·—ª·›¸(Misoperation) ®¦º °°»˜´ ·Á®˜»‹µ„„µ¦šÎµŠµœ¡ªnµÁ¡¨µ­ª·Šš¸ÉŸµn œ„µ¦Žn°¤
¤¸°µ¥»„µ¦ÄoŠµœ­´Êœ„ªnµ¤µ„Á¤ºÉ°Áš¸¥„´Á¡¨µ­ª·Šš¸ÉŤnŸµn œ„µ¦Žn°¤ÁœºÉ°Š‹µ„„µ¦Žn°¤Ã—¥ª·›¸„µ¦
ÁºÉ°¤‹³™¼„‹Îµ„´——oª¥‡ªµ¤Â…Ȋ¦Š…°ŠÁœºÊ°ÁºÉ°¤Â¨³‹µ„„¦¦¤ª·›¸„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤ (Welding Processes)
‹µ„…o°¤¼¨Â¨³Á®˜»Ÿ¨—´Š„¨nµª…oµŠ˜oœ‹¹ŠÁžÈ œš¸É¤µ…°ŠÃ‡¦Š„µ¦ª·‹¥´ œ¸Ê Ž¹ÉŠ‹³«¹„¬µ
ž¦³Á¤·œ°µ¥»„µ¦ÄoŠµœ…°ŠÁ¡¨µ­ª·ŠÃ—¥¤¸˜ª´ ž¦‡º°ª´­—»ÁœºÊ°ÁºÉ°¤¡°„Ÿ·ª‹µ„ „¦¦¤ª·›¸„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤
Žn°¤Á¡¨µ­ª·Š3„¦¦¤ª·›¸Å—o„n 1.„¦¦¤ª·›¸ „µ¦ÁºÉ°¤Å¢¢o µ—oª¥¨ª—ÁºÉ°¤®»¤o ¢¨´„Žr (SMAW; shield
metal arc welding) 2.„¦¦¤ª·›¸ „µ¦ÁºÉ°¤Å¢¢o µÃ—¥Äo„pµŽž„‡¨»¤ÂÂ¤„ (MAG; metal active
gas) 3.„¦¦¤ª·›¸ „µ¦ÁºÉ°¤Å¢¢o µÃ—¥¨ª—ÁºÉ°¤Å­o¢¨´„Žr (FCAW; Flux Cored Wire Arc Welding)
×¥‹³ž¦³Á¤·œªnµ„¦¦¤ª·›¸„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤Ä—š¸ÉÄ®oŸª· ÁºÉ°¤¡°„š¸É¤¸ž¦³­·š›·£µ¡˜oµœšµœ„µ¦¨oµ—¸„ªnµ„´œ
ĜŠn…°Š°µ¥»„µ¦ÄoŠµœÁ¤ºÉ°Áš¸¥„´·Êœ­nªœÁ—·¤
1.2 š§¬‘¸Â¨³®¨´„„µ¦
1.2.1 ‡ªµ¤¦¼o š´ÉªÅžÁ„¸¥É ª„´Á®¨È„„¨oµÂ¦Š—¹Š­¼ Š AISI 4340
AISI 4340 ÁžÈ œÁ®¨È„„¨oµŸ­¤˜ÎɵšœÂ¦Š—¹Š­¼Š ¤¸›µ˜»°Š‡rž¦³„°®¨´„ ‡º°œ·„Á„·¨
ǦÁ¤¸¥¤Â¨³Ã¤¨·—¸œ¤´ ­nªœŸ­¤šµŠÁ‡¤¸Â­—ŠÄœ˜µ¦µŠš¸É 1.1 Á®¨È„„¨oµœ·—œ¸Ê¤¸‡ªµ¤šœšµœ˜n°
„µ¦Â˜„®´„­¼Š°¸„š´ÊŠ¥´Š­µ¤µ¦™¡´•œµÄ®o¤¸‡ªµ¤Â…Ȋ¦Š—¹Š­¼ŠÂ¨³‡ªµ¤Â…Ȋ¦Š¨oµ—¸Å—o—ªo ¥
ÁŠºÉ°œÅ…„¦¦¤ª·›¸šµŠ‡ªµ¤¦o°œ —oª¥­¤´˜·—Š´ š¸É„¨nµª¤µœ¸ÊÁ®¨È„„¨oµŸ­¤˜ÎɵšœÂ¦Š—¹Š­¼Š AISI 4340
‹¹Š™¼„Á¨º°„œÎµ¤µÄoĜŠµœ·Êœ­nªœÃ‡¦Š­¦oµŠ Ánœ·Êœ­nªœÁ‡¦ºÉ °Š·œÂ¨³¦™™´Š·Êœ­nªœ¦³­nŠ
„ε¨´ŠÁnœ»—Á„¸¥¦r¨³Á¡¨µ­nŠ„ε¨´ŠŽ¹ÉŠ…¹Êœ¦¼ žÃ—¥ª·›¸„µ¦š»…¹Êœ¦¼ ž (Forging) š¸É°»–®£¼¤· 18002250oF ˜n Á®¨È„ž¦³Á£šœ¸ÊÁžÈ œÁ®¨È„š¸ÉÁºÉ°¤¥µ„ ¨³Šnµ¥˜n°„µ¦Â˜„¦oµª ¡§˜·„¦¦¤šµŠ„¨…°Š
¦· Áª–š¸Éŗo¦´Ÿ¨„¦³ššµŠ‡ªµ¤¦o°œ…–³ÁºÉ°¤‹³Â˜„˜nµŠÅž‹µ„Á—·¤ÁœºÉ°Š‹µ„¤¸„µ¦Áž¨¸É¥œÂž¨Š
…°ŠÃ‡¦Š­¦oµŠ‹»¨£µ‡ ­µ¤µ¦™¡·‹µ¦–µÂŸœ£µ¡ CCT (¦¼ žš¸É 1.4) ž¦³„°
˜µ¦µŠš¸É1.1 ­nªœŸ­¤šµŠÁ‡¤¸…°ŠÁ®¨È„„¨oµŸ­¤˜ÎɵšœÂ¦Š—¹Š­¼ŠAISI 4340 š¸É¤µ: –¦Š‡r§š›·Í (2546)
Elements
Carbon
Chromium
Manganese
Molybdenum
Nickel
phosphorus
Silicon
Sulfur
Composition (%wt)
0.39
0.80
0.74
0.23
1.72
0.024
0.19
0.019
¦¼ žš¸É 1.4 Ÿœ£µ¡CCT …°ŠÁ®¨È„„¨oµŸ­¤˜ÎɵšœÂ¦Š—¹Š­¼ŠAISI 4340
š¸É¤µ: Welding handbook (1997)
1.2.2 ‡ªµ¤¦¼oš´ÉªÅžÁ„¸¥É ª„´„¦¦¤ª·›¸„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤Žn °¤ (SMAW, MAG, FCAW)
„¦¦¤ª·›¸„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤š´ÊŠ­µ¤ (SMAW, MAG ¨³ FCAW) ¨³¨ª—ÁºÉ°¤š¸ÉÁ¨º°„čo
‹³Ä®oǦŠ­¦oµŠ‹»¨£µ‡¦· Áª–ÁœºÊ°ÁºÉ°¤ (Weld Metal) ¨³¦· Áª–„¦³š¦o°œ (HAZ; Heat
affected zone) ˜„˜nµŠ„´œŽ¹ÉŠ­nŠŸ¨™¹Š­¤´˜·‡ªµ¤˜oµœšµœ˜n°„µ¦¨oµ(Fatigue) —oª¥
ž´‹‹»œ´ „µ¦ÁºÉ°¤Žn°¤Ã—¥„µ¦¡°„Ÿ·ª (Resurfacing) Á¡ºÉ°¥º—°µ¥»„µ¦ÄoŠµœ…°Š
°³Å®¨n¨³·Êœ­nªœÁ‡¦ºÉ °Š‹´„¦ÁnœÁ¡¨µ®¦º °Á„¸¥¦rÁžÈ œÁš‡œ·‡š¸É¤¸ž¦³­·š›·£µ¡Äœ„¦–¸ šª´É Ş‹³Äo
„¦¦¤ª·›¸„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤¡°„Ÿ·ªÃ—¥„¦³ªœ„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤Å¢¢o µ—oª¥¨ª—ÁºÉ°¤®»¤o ¢¨´„Žr (Shielded Metal Arc
Welding Process) Ž¹ÉŠÄœ„¦–¸ š¸É£µ¦³ž„˜·¡ªnµ°µ¥»…°Š·ÊœŠµœš¸ÉŸµn œ„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤Å—oŸ¨ÁžÈ œš¸Éœnµ¡°Ä‹
˜nĜ„¦–¸ š¸É¦´£µ¦³Å¤nž„˜· ÁnœÄoŠµœÁ„·œ£µ¦³„ε®œ— (Over Capacity) čoŠµœŸ·—ª·›¸
(Misoperation )®¦º °°»˜´ ·Á®˜»‹µ„„µ¦šÎµŠµœ¡ªnµ·ÊœŠµœš¸ÉŸµn œ„µ¦Žn°¤¤¸°µ¥»„µ¦ÄoŠµœ­´ÊœÁ¤ºÉ°
Áš¸¥„´°³Å®¨nš¸ÉŤnŸµn œ„µ¦Žn°¤ÁœºÉ°Š‹µ„„µ¦Žn°¤Ã—¥ª·›¸„µ¦ÁºÉ° ¤‹³™¼„‹Îµ„´——oª¥‡ªµ¤Â…Ȋ¦Š
…°ŠÁœºÊ°ÁºÉ°¤Â¨³‹µ„„¦¦¤ª·›¸„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤ (Welding Processes) „¦¦¤ª·›¸„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤Å¢¢o µ—oª¥¨ª—ÁºÉ°¤
®»¤o ¢¨´„Žr(SMAW) ­—ŠÄœ¦¼ žš¸É1.5 ÁžÈ œ„¦¦¤ª·›¸š¸Éŗo¦´‡ªµ¤œ·¥¤Äo„œ´ °¥nµŠ„ªoµŠ…ªµŠ˜´ÊŠÂ˜n
°—¸˜°´œÁœºÉ°Š¤µ‹µ„­µ¤µ¦™šÎµŠµœÅ—oŠnµ¥°»ž„¦–r¦µ‡µ™¼„˜n˜°o ŠÄo‡ªµ¤ÎµœµÂ¨³‡ªµ¤­µ¤µ¦™
ÁŒ¡µ³˜´ª…°ŠnµŠÁºÉ°¤­¼ŠÁª¨µÄœ„µ¦—εÁœ·œ„µ¦œµœÂ¨³˜o°Š¤¸„µ¦‡ª‡»¤ž¦· ¤µ–űצÁ‹œ
(Hydrogen) š¸ÉÁ„·—‹µ„¢¨´„Žr°¥nµŠÁ‡¦n Š‡¦´—Á¡¦µ³¤¸Ÿ¨˜n°˜n°„µ¦Â˜„¦oµª…°ŠÁœºÊ°ÁºÉ°¤Â¨³ HAZ
Ž¹ÉŠÁžÈ œ‹»—­Îµ‡´š¸ÉšµÎ Ä®oÁ„·—„µ¦Îµ¦» —‹µ„‡ªµ¤¨oµ—oª¥Áš‡ÃœÃ¨¥¸„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤­¤´¥Ä®¤nĜž´‹‹»œ´ „¦³ªœ„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤Ã—¥Äo„pµŽž„‡¨»¤ÂÂ¤„ (MAG) ­—ŠÄœ¦¼ žš¸É 1.6 ¨³„¦³ªœ„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤
×¥¨ª—ÁºÉ°¤Å­o¢¨´„Žr (FCAW) ­—ŠÄ œ¦¼ žš¸É 1.7 „ε¨´ŠÁžÈ œš¸Éœ·¥¤„´œ¤µ„Äœž´‹‹»œ´ °´œ
ÁœºÉ°Š¤µ‹µ„­µ¤µ¦™šÎµŠµœÅ—oÁ¦È ª„ªnµ‡ª‡»¤ž¦· ¤µ– Hydrogen ŗo—¸„ªnµ„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤—oª¥¨ª—ÁºÉ°¤
®»¤o ¢¨´„Žr¨³°µ«´¥‡ªµ¤Îµœµ…°ŠnµŠÁºÉ°¤œo°¥„ªnµ„ µ¦Á¨º°„čo„pµŽž„‡¨»¤š¸ÉÁ®¤µ³­¤ Ánœ
Ar ®¦º °Ar+CO2 ¨³˜´ªÂž¦„µ¦ÁºÉ° ¤°ºÉœÇ(Welding Parameters) Ánœ„¦³Â­š¸ÉčoĜ„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤
¦Š—´œÅ¢¢o µš¸ÉčoĜ„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤‡ªµ¤Á¦È ªÄœ„µ¦Á—·œÂœªÁºÉ°¤Â¨³°´˜¦µ„µ¦Å®¨…°Š„pµŽž„‡¨»¤š¸É
Á®¤µ³­¤(Flow Rate, l/min) ­nŠŸ¨™¹Š‡»–£µ¡šµŠ„¨…°ŠÁœºÊ°ÁºÉ°¤ÁžÈ œ°¥nµŠ¤µ„ œ·—…°Š„µ¦­nŠ
™nµ¥œÎʵ讳 (Metal Transfer ) ˜nµŠÇÁnœÂ¨´—ªŠ‹¦ (Short Circuit) ®¦º °Â¡nœ (Spray
Arc Transfer) ¨³„¦³Â­ÁºÉ°¤Â¡´¨­r (Pulse Arc) „È­nŠŸ¨™¹Š„µ¦Ž¹¤¨¹„ (Penetration) ‡ªµ¤
­ª¥Šµ¤ (Bead Appearance) ¨³‡»–£µ¡šµŠ„¨…°ŠÁœºÊ°ÁºÉ°¤—oª¥œ°„‹µ„œ¸Ê„¦¦¤ª·›¸„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤
Äo„pµŽž„‡¨»¤(¤„) ¥´ŠÄ®o°˜´ ¦µ„µ¦Á˜·¤ÁœºÊ°ÁºÉ°¤ (Deposition Rates) š¸É­¼Š„ªnµ„¦¦¤ª·›¸„µ¦
ÁºÉ°¤Å¢¢o µ—oª¥¨ª—ÁºÉ°¤®»¤o ¢¨´„Žr¤µ„°´œÁœºÉ°Š¤µ‹µ„¤¸„µ¦­¼Á­¸¥…°Š‡ªµ¤¦o°œ¦³®ªnµŠž¨µ¥
¨ª—ÁºÉ°¤Â¨³·ÊœŠµœœo°¥„ªnµÂ˜n„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤—oª¥ MAG ¨³ FCAW ¤¸‡ªµ¤Ž´Žo°œ„ªnµÄœÂŠn
Á‡¦ºÉ °Š¤º°Â¨³°»ž„¦–r
¦¼ žš¸É1.5 „¦¦¤ª·›¸„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤Å¢¢o µ—oª¥¨ª—ÁºÉ°¤®»¤o ¢¨´„Žr(SMAW)
¦¼ žš¸É1.6 „¦¦¤ª·›¸„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤Å¢¢o µÄo„p­Åª˜n°ž’·„¦· ¥µÁžÈ œÂ„p­‡¨»¤(MAG)
¦¼ žš¸É1.7 „¦¦¤ª·›¸„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤Å¢¢o µ—oª¥¨ª—ÁºÉ°¤Å­o¢¨´„Žr(FCAW)
1.2.3 ‡ªµ¤¦¼oš´ÉªÅžÁ„¸¥É ª„´„µ¦Îµ¦»—‹µ„„µ¦¨oµ
Á¤ºÉ°ª´­—»¦´ ¦Š„¦³šÎµŽÎʵǎ¹ÉŠ˜Îɵ„ªnµ‡nµ‡ªµ¤Â…Ȋ¦Š­¼Š­»— (Ultimate Strength
°µ‹Á„·—„µ¦Â˜„®´„…¹ÊœÅ—oÁœºÉ°Š‹µ„‡ªµ¤¨oµ(fatigue) Á¡¦µ³Á‡¦ºÉ °Š‹´„¦Á„·—‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ­¨´Åž­¨´¤µ
˜¨°—„µ¦šÎµŠµœ‡ªµ¤Á­¸¥®µ¥‹µ„‡ªµ¤¨oµÁ¦·É ¤‹µ„¦°¥¦oµª…œµ—Á¨È „Ž¹ÉŠÅ¤n­µ¤µ¦™¤°ŠÁ®Èœ—oª¥˜µ
Áž¨nµÁ¤ºÉ°¦°¥¦oµªÁ„·—…¹Êœ‹³¤¸Ÿ¨šÎµÄ®o‡ªµ¤Á‡oœÁ¡·É¤…¹Êœ ¦°¥¦oµª‹³…¥µ¥°¥nµŠ¦ª—Á¦È ª¡ºÊœš¸É®œoµ˜´—š¸É
°¥¼£n µ¥Ä˜o‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ¨—¨Š‡ªµ¤Á‡oœÁ¡·É¤­¼Š…¹Êœ‹œÄœš¸É­»—¡ºÊœš¸É®œoµ˜´—š¸ÉÁ®¨º°„È‹³…µ—°°„‹µ„„´œ
°¥nµŠŒ´¡¨´œ „µ¦ª·˜´ ·°œ´ ÁœºÉ°Š¤µ‹µ„‡ ªµ¤¨oµ (Fatigue Failure) œ¸Ê ŗoœ´ š¹„Ūo‡¦´ÊŠÂ¦„Äœ
°»˜­µ®„¦¦¤Á®¤º°ŠÂ¦n ¨³¦™Å¢Ã‡¦Š­¦oµŠÁ‡¦ºÉ °Š‹´„¦Äœž´‹‹»œ´ ¤µ„¤µ¥š¸ÉŸ¨·˜Ã—¥„¦¦¤ª·›¸„µ¦
ÁºÉ°¤Â¨³‹µ„ž¦³­„µ¦–rĜ°—¸˜¸ÊÄ®oÁ®Èœªnµ„µ¦ª·˜´ ·°œ´ ÁœºÉ°Š¤µ‹µ„„µ¦¨oµÅ—oÁ…oµ¤µÁ„¸É¥ª…o°Š„´
·Êœ­nªœÁºÉ°¤Ã—¥˜¦Š „µ¦Îµ¦» —‹µ„„µ¦¨oµÁžÈ œ„µ¦Îµ¦» —š¸É­µÎ ‡´Äœ„µ¦Îµ¦» —Á·Š„¨ (Mechanical
Failure) Ž¹ÉŠ‡·—ÁžÈ œž¦· ¤µ–¦o°¥¨³90 …°Š„µ¦Îµ¦» —Á·Š„¨š´ÊŠ®¤—‡ªµ¤­¼Á­¸¥š¸ÉÁ„·—…¹Êœ‹µ„„µ¦¨oµ
¤¸ž¦· ¤µ–­¼Š¤µ„™¹ŠÂ¤oªnµ‹³¤¸„µ¦ª·‹¥´ Á¦ºÉ °Š„µ¦¨oµÄ®¤nÇ°¥¼˜n ¨°—Áª¨µÂ˜n„µ¦Îµ¦» —‹µ„„µ¦¨oµ¥´ŠÁ„·—
…¹Êœ°¥¼n Albert (1829) ŗoÁ­œ°Á°„­µ¦·ÊœÂ¦„Á„¸É¥ª„´„µ¦Îµ¦» —‹µ„£µ¦³š¸É„¦³šÎµŽÎ浂 (Repeated
Load) ‹µ„œ´ÊœÁžÈ œ˜oœ¤µ¤¸„µ¦ª·‹¥´ „´œÁ„º°š»„¤»¤Ã¨„Ž¹ÉŠ„µ¦ª·‹¥´ šµŠ‡ªµ¤¨oµÂnŠ°°„ÁžÈ œ 2 „¨»n¤
Ä®¤nLJº°„¨»n¤œ´„讳ª·š¥µÂ¨³œ´„ª´­—»Ž¹ÉŠ„¨»n¤œ¸Ê­œÄ‹¦³—´‹»¨£µ‡¡¥µ¥µ¤‡oœ® µ­µÁ®˜»…°Š
‹»—Á¦·É ¤˜oœ„µ¦Á˜·Ã˜¦°¥Â˜„×¥¨Š™¹Š¦³—´Ã‡¦Š­¦oµŠ‹»¨£µ‡ÁnœDislocation ¨´„¬–³…°ŠÁ„¦œ
‡ªµ¤Å¤n­¤¼¦–r…°ŠÁ„¦œInclusion œ·—…°ŠÃ‡¦Š­¦oµŠ‹»¨£µ‡˜nµŠÇ¨³„¨»n¤œ´„°°„„¨»n¤œ¸Ê
Ä®o‡ªµ¤­œÄ‹¦³—´‹»¨£µ‡œo°¥Â˜nÄ®o‡ªµ¤­œÄ‹Â¨³¤°Š£µ¡¦³—´¤®µ£µ‡Ã—¥œÎµÁ°µŸ¨ ‹µ„
„µ¦š—­°…°Š„¨»n¤Â¦„¨³…°Š˜´ªÁ°Š¤µÄoĜ„µ¦°°„Â¨³¡¥µ¥µ¤Âž¦‡nµ˜nµŠÇÄ®o
­µ¤µ¦™œÎµ¤µ„ε®œ— čo°¥nµŠÁžÈ œ¦¼ ž›¦¦¤Ž¹ÉŠÄoŸ¨„µ¦š—¨°ŠÄœÁ·Š­™·˜·ÁžÈ œ®¨´„Ánœ¨´„¬–³
˜nµŠÇ…°Š£µ¦³‡»–­¤´˜·šµŠ„¨…°Šª´­—»¦¼ ž¦n µŠÁ¦…µ‡–· ˜…°Š·ÊœŠµœ„¦¦¤ª·›¸„µ¦Ÿ¨·˜ ®¨´Š‹µ„
œ´Êœ¤¸„µ¦«¹„¬µ˜n°¤µÁ„¸É¥ª„´„µ¦Áž¨¸É¥œ¦¼ ž…°ŠÃ¨®³£µ¥Ä˜o£µ¦³š¸É„¨´Åž„¨´¤µ(Reversed Load)
˜n°¤µPoncelet (1839) ŗoÁ­œ°‡Îµªnµ v„µ¦¨oµ)DWLJXHw…¹ÊœÁžÈ œ‡¦´ÊŠÂ¦„ Wohler (1871) ŗo«¹„¬µ
Ÿ¨…°Š·Êœš—­°‡µœ®¤»œ(Rotating Bending) ¨³Â­—ŠŸ¨Äœ„¦µ¢‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ -¤µ˜¦µ­nªœ¨°„
„µ¦· š¹¤…°Š¦°„µ¦Îµ¦» — (Stress y Log Cycle to Failure, S-N Curve) ¨³Âœª‡·—…°Š v…¸—‹Îµ„´—
‡ªµ¤šœšµœw(QGXUDQFH/LPLW Ewing and Humfery (1903) ŗo«¹„¬µ¦³—´Ÿ¨¹„…°ŠÃ¨®³¡ªnµ
„µ¦Á­¸¥¦¼ ž…°Š·Êœ­nªœš¸ÉµÎ ¦» —‹µ„„µ¦¨oµ‹³Á„·—…¹Êœ‹µ„„µ¦Å™¨‡¨oµ¥„´„µ¦Á­¸¥¦¼ ž‹µ„„µ¦š—­°
¦Š—¹ŠšµŠÁ—¸¥ª (Monotonic) Ž¹ÉŠž´‹‹»œ´ ÁžÈ œš¸Éš¦µ„´œ—¸ªnµ v„µ¦¨oµ…°ŠÃ¨®³‹³Á„·—„µ¦Á­¸¥¦¼ ž
¡¨µ­˜·„ÁŒ¡µ³š¸ÉŽÉ ¹ŠÁžÈ œ„¨Å„…°Š„µ¦Å™¨ w 7R-and-Fro Slip ®¦º ° Plastic Deformation
Particularly at a Local Level) Ž¹ÉŠ­°—‡¨o°Š„´„¨«µ­˜¦r˜„®´„Á·ŠÁ­oœ Paris (1960) ‹¹ŠÅ—oœµÎ
„¨«µ­˜¦r„µ¦Â˜„®´„Á·ŠÁ­oœ¤µ°›·µ¥„µ¦Á˜·Ã˜…°Š¦°¥Â˜„‹µ„„µ¦¨oµÂ¨³¡§˜·„¦¦¤˜nµŠÇŗo
°¥nµŠÁ®¤µ³­¤
1.2.3.1 ­µÁ®˜»„µ¦Îµ¦»—
a) £µ¦³Âª´‘‹´„ ¦ (Cyclic Load) ÁžÈ œ£µ¦³š¸ÉÁ„·—…¹Êœ„´·Êœ­nªœ˜nµŠÇ š¸É¤¸„µ¦Áž¨¸É¥œ¦¼ ž
£µ¥Ä˜o¦Š„¦³šÎµÂª´‘‹´„¦ ×¥¤¸„µ¦Áž¨¸É¥œÂž¨ŠÂ°¤ž¨·‹¼— (Amplitude) …°Š‡ªµ¤
Á‡oœ„´Áª¨µ—´ŠÂ­—ŠÄœ¦¼ žš¸É 1.8 ×¥­¤„µ¦š¸É1.1 ™¹Š1.4 čo­—Š‡ªµ¤­´¤¡´œ›r…°Š„¦µ¢
¦¼ žš¸É1.8 ¨´„¬–³…°Š£µ¦³ª´’‹´„¦
š¸É¤µ: ‹·˜˜· (2550)
ߪ݉݁ܽ݊ =
ߪܽ =
ߪ݉ܽ‫ ݔ‬+ߪ ݉݅݊
2
ߪ݉ܽ‫ ݔ‬െߪ ݉݅݊
2
οߪ = ߪ݉ܽ‫ ݔ‬െ ߪ݉݅݊
ܴ=
ߪ ݉݅݊
ߪ݉ܽ‫ݔ‬
(1.1)
(1.2)
(1.3)
(1.4)
b) ¦·Áª–‡ªµ¤Á…o ¤…o œ‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ (Stress Concentration Area) ÁžÈ œ¦· Áª–š¸ÉÁ„·—‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ­¼Š
Á„·—‹µ„·Êœ­nªœ¤¸‡ªµ¤Å¤n˜n°ÁœºÉ°Š…°Š¦¼ ž¦n µŠÂ¨³¡ºÊœš¸É®œoµ˜´—¤¸Ÿ¨Ä®o‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ (Stress
Raiser) Á¡·É¤…¹ÊœÄœ¦· Áª–—´Š„¨nµª—´ŠÂ­—ŠÄœ¦¼ žš¸É 1.9 Ánœ¦°¥µ„ (Notch) ¤»¤˜„nµ
(Fillet) ¦¼ (Hole) ¦n °Š (Groove) ¦°¥Â˜„ (Crack) Ž¹ÉŠÁ„·—‹µ„„µ¦°°„®¦º °Ÿ¨‹µ„„µ¦
čo·ÊœŠµœšÎµÄ®o¦· Áª–—´Š„¨nµª°µ‹¤¸‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ­¼ŠÁ„·œ‡ªµ¤Â…Ȋ¦Š‡¦µ„¨³¦· Áª–‡ªµ¤
Á…o¤…oœ‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ‹³ÁžÈ œ‹»—Á¦·É ¤…°Š¦°¥Â˜„Á­¤°—´ŠÂ­—ŠÄœ¦¼ žš¸É 1.10
¦¼ žš¸É 1.9 ¨´„¬–³¦· Áª–š¸É¤¸‡ªµ¤Á…o¤…oœ…°Š‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ­¼Š
š¸É¤µ: Peterson (1974)
¦¼ žš¸É 1.10 ¦· Áª–Á¦·É ¤˜oœ…°Š¦°¥Â˜„
š¸É¤µ: Xiaolei and Zhiwei (2008)
c) ‡»–­¤´˜…· °Šª´­—» (Materials Properties) Ž¹ÉŠÂ˜n¨³œ·—‹³¤¸­¤´˜·Å¤nÁ®¤º°œ„´œ ­¤´˜·
˜nµŠÇÁž¨¸É¥œÂž¨Š˜µ¤­nªœŸ­¤šµŠÁ‡¤¸ (Chemical Composition) „´œ·—…°ŠÃ‡¦Š­¦oµŠ
‹»¨£µ‡ ¨³Áž¨¸É¥œÂž¨Š˜µ¤„¦³ªœ„µ¦Ÿ¨· ˜ Ánœ„¦³ªœ„µ¦…¹Êœ¦¼ ž (Forming) ¨³
„¦³ªœ„µ¦°»šµŠ‡ªµ¤¦o°œ­¤´˜…· °Šª´­—»š¸ÉÁž¨¸É¥œÂž¨ŠÅžÅ—o„n ‡ªµ¤Â…Ȋ¦Š—¹Š
‡ªµ¤Â…Ȋ¦Š‡¦µ„‡ªµ¤Â…Ȋ¦Š„¦³Âš„‡ªµ¤Â…ÈŠ‡ªµ¤˜oµœšµœ„µ¦¨oµ —´ŠÂ­—ŠÄœ¦¼ ž
š¸É1.11
¦¼ žš¸É 1.11 Ÿ¨…°ŠÃ‡¦Š­¦oµŠ‹»¨£µ‡˜n°…¸—‹Îµ„´—‡ªµ¤šœšµœ
š¸É¤µ: ‹·˜˜· (2550)
A= Á¢°¦rŦšr B= Á¢°¦rŦšr+Á¡°¦rŨšr C= Á¡°¦rŨšrD= °´œÁš¤Áž°¦r¤µ¦rÁšœÅŽšr
E = Áš¤Áž°¦r¤µ¦rÁšœÅŽšrF = Áš¤Áž°¦r¤µ¦rÁšœÅŽšr + Áš¤Áž°¦rÁœÅœšr G = Áš¤Áž°¦rÁœÅœšr
H= °°­ÁšœÅœšr
1.2.3.2 ‡ªµ¤Â…Ȋ¦Š¨oµ (Fatigue Strength)
‡ªµ¤Â…Ȋ¦Š¨oµÅ—o‹µ„„µ¦š—­°…°ŠWohler (1871) „´·ÊœŠµœÂ‡µœ®¤»œ
£µ¥Ä˜o¦Š­¨´ (Alternative Force) Á¡ºÉ°„µ¦®µ‡ªµ¤­´¤¡´œ›r¦³®ªnµŠ‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ„´°µ¥» (¦°) ¨³
œÎµ‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ…°Š·ÊœŠµœš—­°š¸ÉµÎ ¦» —„´¦°š¸ÉŗoÁ…¸¥œ„¦µ¢‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ -¤µ˜¦µ­nªœ¨°„„µ¨·š¹¤
„´¦°„µ¦Îµ¦» —Á¦¸ ¥„ªnµS-N Curve —´ŠÂ­—ŠÄœ¦¼ žš¸É1.12
‹µ„S-N Curve …°ŠÃ¨®³„¨»n¤Á®¨È„­µ¤µ¦™ÂnŠnªŠ°µ¥»…°Š„¦µ¢Å—o 3 nªŠÄœ
˜n¨³nªŠ¤¸‡ªµ¤´œÅ¤nÁšnµ„´œ‡º°nªŠÂ¦„ÁžÈ œnªŠ°µ¥»¦°˜Îɵ (Low Cycle) Fuch and Stepens
(1980) œ·¥µ¤Ä®oÁžÈ œnªŠš¸É¤¸°µ¥» 0-1,000 ¦°ÄœnªŠœ¸Ê‡nµ‡ªµ¤ …Ȋ¦Š¨oµ (fatique strength) ‹³
¨—¨Š°¥nµŠoµÇÁ¤ºÉ°‹Îµœªœ¦°š¸É‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ„¦³šÎµÁ¡·É¤…¹Êœ‹œ„¦³š´ŠÉ š¸É1,000¦°¡ªnµ‡nµÂ…Ȋ¦Š¨oµ
(fatique strength) š¸É‹»—œ¸Ê¤¸‡nµ 0.9 Sut ĜšµŠž’·˜´ ·‹¦· Š™oµ°µ¥»„µ¦ÄoŠµœ…°Š·Êœ­nªœ°¥¼Än œnªŠœ¸Ê
­—Šªnµ·Êœ­nªœœ´Êœ®¤»œ—oª¥‡ªµ¤Á¦È ª¦°š¸É˜ÉµÎ ¤µ„‹¹Š°œ» è¤Å—oªnµ„µ¦ª·˜´ ·š¸ÉÁ„·—…¹Êœ ÁžÈ œÂ
­™·˜¥r(static) ­µ¤µ¦™Äo„µ¦‡Îµœª–­™·˜¥rŗo
ĜnªŠš¸É­°ŠDieter (1986) œ·¥µ¤Ä®oÁžÈ œnªŠ°µ¥» 1,000-1,000,000 ¦°ÄœnªŠœ¸Ê
‡nµ‡ªµ¤Â…Ȋ¦Š¨oµ (fatique strength) ‹³¨—¨Š°¥nµŠ¦ª—Á¦È ªÁ¤ºÉ°‹Îµœªœ¦°š¸É‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ„¦³šÎµ¤¸‡nµ
¤µ„…¹Êœ„µ¦ª·˜´ ·ÄœnªŠœ¸Ê‹³ÁžÈ œ„µ¦ª·˜´ ·Â„µ¦¨oµ (fatique failure) ™oµœÎµ‡nµ‡ªµ¤Â…Ȋ¦Š¨oµ
(fatique strength) ĜnªŠœ¸ÊŞčoĜ„µ¦‡Îµœª–°°„·Êœ­nªœš¸Éŗo‹³¤¸°µ¥»„µ¦ÄoŠµœ‹Îµ„´—
(finite life)
ĜnªŠš¸É 3 ‡º°nªŠ°µ¥»¦°­¼Š (High Cycle) ‹Îµœªœ¦°š¸É‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ„¦³šÎµ‹œÁ„·œ
1,000,000 ¦°‡nµ‡ªµ¤Â…Ȋ¦Š¨oµ (fatique strength) ¤¸‡nµ‡Šš¸É°¥¼šn ¸É‡nµ®œ¹ÉŠŽ¹ÉŠÁ¦¸ ¥„ªnµ endurance
limit ™oµœÎµ‡nµ endurance limit ŞčoĜ„µ¦‡Îµœª–°°„·Êœ­nªœš¸Éŗo‹³¤¸°µ¥»„µ¦ÄoŠµœÅ¤n
‹Îµ„´—(infinite life)
¦¼ žš¸É1.12 ˜´ª°¥nµŠ S-N Curves …°ŠÃ¨®³Äœ„¨»n¤Á®¨È„
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1.2.3.3 …°Á…˜…°Š„µ¦ª·´˜Â· ¨³¨´„¬–³„µ¦ª·´˜Á· œºÉ°Š‹µ„‡ªµ¤¨oµ
ŗo¤¸Ÿ«¼o ¹„¬µ„µ¦ª·˜´ ·ÁœºÉ°Š‹µ„‡ªµ¤¨oµ®¨µ¥šnµœÂ¨³šnµœÁ®¨nµœ´ÊœÅ—o¦ª¦ª¤
…o°¤¼¨š¸Éŗo‹µ„„µ¦«¹„¬µ­¦oµŠÁžÈ œÂŸœŸ´ŠÂ­—Š…°Á…˜„µ¦ª·˜´ ·ÁœºÉ°Š‹µ„‡ªµ¤¨oµÅªo»‡‡¨š¸É
„¨nµª™¹ŠÅ—o„n Soderberg, Gerber ¨³ Goodman ™oµœÎµÂŸœŸ´ŠÂ­—Š…°Á…˜„µ¦ª·˜´ ·ÁœºÉ°Š‹µ„
‡ªµ¤¨oµ…°Šš´ÊŠ3šnµœ¤µÁž¦¸ ¥Áš¸¥„´œ‹³Â­—ŠÅ—o—Š´ ¦¼ žš¸É 1.13
¦¼ žš¸É1.13 …°Á…˜…°Š„µ¦ª·˜´ ·ÁœºÉ°Š‹µ„‡ªµ¤¨oµ
š¸É¤µ: http:// highered.mcgrawhill.com , ­º‡oœÁ¤ºÉ° 8/01/53
‹µ„¦¼ žš¸É 1.13 Á¤ºÉ°œÎµ failure lines …°ŠSoderberg, Gerber ¨³Goodman ¤µ
Áž¦¸ ¥Áš¸¥„´œ‹³Á®Èœªnµ Solderberg line ‹³‡n°œ…oµŠ°œ»¦´„¬r (conservative) Ž¹ÉŠ®¤µ¥‡ ªµ¤ªnµÄo
ŠµœÅ—ož¨°—£´¥Â˜nŤn—¸ ĜŠnÁ«¦¬“«µ­˜¦r­nªœ
Gerber line ‹³‡n°œ…oµŠÅ¤n°œ»¦´„¬r
(nonconservative) Ž¹ÉŠ®¤µ¥‡ªµ¤ªnµÄœÂŠnÁ«¦¬“«µ­˜¦r—¸Â˜nŤnž¨°—£´¥­°Šš§¬‘¸œÊ ¸‹¹ŠÅ¤nÁžÈ œš¸É
œ·¥¤Äo­nªœš§¬‘¸…°Š Goodman œ´Êœ‹³œ·¥¤Äo„œ´ „ªoµŠ…ªµŠš¸É­»— Á­oœÂ­—Š…°Á…˜‡ªµ¤
ž¨°—£´¥˜µ¤š§¬’¸…°ŠGoodman ž¦³„°—oª¥Á­oœ˜¦Š2 Á­oœŽ¹ÉŠÁ…¸¥œÂ­—Š—oª¥­¤„µ¦Å—o—Š´ œ¸Ê
Fatique failure;
Va
Se
Vm
S ut
Static failure; V a V m
1
F .S .
Sy
F .S .
×¥­¤„µ¦Á®¨nµœ¸ÊčoŤnŗo™µo Load lineŤnŗoÁ¦·É ¤˜oœš¸É˜µÎ ®œnŠ (0, 0)
(1.5)
(1.6)
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·ÊœŠµœ‹³¤¸°µ¥»„µ¦ÄoŠµœ‹Îµ„´—¨³Á¤ºÉ°¡·‹µ¦–µ¨´„¬–³Ÿ·ª„µ¦Â˜„®´„‹³¡ªnµ ¤¸‹»—Á¦·É ¤‹µ„ ¦°¥
˜„¨oµ(Fatigue Crack)‹»—Á¨È„Ǧ³—´Á„¦œÁ¡¸¥ŠÅ¤n„¸ÉÁ„¦œ¦· Áª–‡ªµ¤ Á…o¤…oœ‡ªµ¤ Á‡oœ­¼Š (Stress
Concentration Area) Ž¹ÉŠ°µ‹ÁžÈ œŸ·ª£µ¥œ°„®¦º °£µ¥ÄœÁœºÊ°ª´­—» „Èŗo „µ¦¨oµ…°ŠÃ¨®³‹³Á„·—„µ¦
Á­¸¥¦¼ ž ¡¨µ­˜·„ÁŒ¡µ³š¸ÉŽÉ ¹ŠÁžÈ œ„¨Å„…°Š„µ¦Å™¨ (To-and-fro slip or plastic deformation,
particularly at a local level) „µ¦Â˜„®´„‹µ„‡ªµ¤¨oµ‹³Á¡·É¤…¹Êœ°¥nµŠoµÇ¤¸¨„´ ¬–³Á­oœÁžÈ œªŠ„¨ ¤
‡¨oµ¥Ç„´®µ—š¦µ¥™¼„‡¨ºÉœ„¦³šš¸É¤¸‹»—«¼œ¥r„¨µŠ°¥¼šn ¸É‹»—Á¦·É ¤˜oœ…°Š¦°¥Â˜„Á¦¸ ¥„¦· Áª–œ¸Êªnµ
Beach Mark „µ¦Â˜„‹³šÎµÄ®o¡Êœº š¸É®œoµ˜´—…°Šª´­—»¨—¨Š‡ªµ¤Á‡oœš¸ÉÁ„·—‹µ„¦Š„¦³šÎµ‹³¤¸‡nµ
Á¡·É¤…¹Êœ‹œÁ„·œª´­—»‹³šœÅ—o¨³Á„·—„µ¦Â˜„…µ—Äœš¸É­»—Ž¹ÉŠŸ·ªš¸É˜„¦· Áª–œ¸Ê¤¸¨„´ ¬–³…¦» …¦³
Á¦¸ ¥„¦· Áª–œ¸ÊªnµOver load …œµ—…°ŠŸ·ªš¸É˜„¦· Áª–œ¸Ê‹³nŠ°„™¹Šž¦· ¤µ–‡ªµ¤Á‡oœš¸É¤µ„¦³šÎµ
×¥ž¦³¤µ–×¥š¸É¡Êœº š¸É¦· Áª–œ¸Ê¤¸…œµ—Á¨È„­—Šªnµž¦· ¤µ–‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ˜Îɵ˜n™µo ¡ºÊœš¸É¦· Áª–œ¸Ê¤¸
…œµ—Ä®n­—Šªnµž¦· ¤µ–‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ­¼Š—´Š¦¼ ž1.14
¦¼ žš¸É1.14 Ÿ·ª®œoµ„µ¦Îµ¦» —‹µ„£µ¦³Â˜nµŠÇ
š¸É¤µ: George (1993)
1.2.3.4 „µ¦ž¦³Á¤·œ°µ¥»‡ªµ¤¨oµ
ª·›¸„µ¦š¸ÉčoĜ„µ¦ž¦³Á¤·œ‡ªµ¤Á­¸¥®µ¥‹µ„„µ¦¨oµÂnŠÅ—oÁžÈ œ2 ž¦³Á£š˜µ¤
¨´„¬–³„µ¦Á„·—…°Š¦°¥Â˜„¦oµª‡º°
1.ª·›¸ Total-Life Approach ÁžÈ œª·›¸„µ¦š¸ÉčoĜ„µ¦ª·Á‡¦µ³®r®µ°µ¥»‡ªµ¤¨oµ…°Š
·Êœ­nªœ ×¥œ´‹µ„š¸ÉŤn¤¸¦°¥Â˜„¦oµª‹œÁ„·—¦°¥Â˜„¦oµª…¹ÊœÂ¨³­µ¤µ¦™ÂnŠÅ—o°¸„ 2 ª·›¸®¨´„Ç
‡º°1) ª·›¸ Strain-Life Approach ÁžÈ œª·›¸„µ¦š¸ÉÁ®¤µ³­¤„´ž´®µ‡ªµ¤¨oµž¦³Á£š Low Cycle
Fatigue ¨³2) ª·›¸ Stress-Life Approach (S-N Diagram) ÁžÈ œª·›¸š¸ÉÁ®¤µ³­¤„´ž´®µ‡ªµ¤¨oµ
ž¦³Á£šHigh Cycle Fatigue
2.ª·›¸Deflect-Tolerant Approach ÁžÈ œª·›¸š¸ÉœµÎ ¤µÄoĜ„µ¦ª·Á‡¦µ³®r®µ°µ¥»‡ªµ¤¨oµ
ĜnªŠ„µ¦…¥µ¥˜´ª…°Š¦°¥Â˜„¦oµªÃ—¥‹³„ε®œ—Ä®o·Êœ­nªœš—­°Á¦·É ¤˜oœ‹µ„„µ¦¤¸¦°¥
˜„¦oµªÁºÊ°Š˜oœ‹œÁ„·—„µ¦ª·˜´ ·
ª·›¸„µ¦Stress-Life ®¦º °ª·›¸„µ¦ S-N Diagram ÁžÈ œª·›¸š¸Éčo„œ´ °¥nµŠÂ¡¦n ®¨µ¥ÁžÈ œ
Áª¨µœµœ„ªnµ 100 ž¸ ×¥‹³ÄoĜ„µ¦ž¦³Á¤·œ®µž¦· ¤µ–‡ªµ¤¨oµš¸ÉÁ„·—…¹ÊœÄœÁ®¨È„ž´‹‹»œ´ ª·›¸œÊ ¸
¥´Š‡ŠÄo„œ´ °¥nµŠÂ¡¦n ®¨µ¥Ã—¥ÁŒ¡µ³„´ª´­—»š¸ÉÁ„·—‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ…¹ÊœÃ—¥š¸Éª­´ —»œÊ œ´ ¥´Š°¥¼Än œnªŠ Elastic
¦ª¤š´ÊŠª´­—»š¸É¤¸°µ¥»„µ¦ÄoŠµœš¸É¥µªœµœ
¡ºÊœ“µœ…°Šª·›¸Stress-Life „ȇº°S-N Diagram Ž¹ÉŠÁžÈ œ„¦µ¢š¸ÉÁ…¸¥œ¦³®ªnµŠ‡ªµ¤
Á‡oœš¸ÉšµÎ Ä®oÁ„·—„µ¦ª·˜´ ·(S) „´‹Îµœªœ¦°š¸ÉšµÎ Ä®oÁ„·—„µ¦ª·˜´ ·(N) ×¥š¸É S-N Diagram ®µÅ—o‹µ„
ª·›¸š—­°ÂRotating Bending ×¥S-N Diagram ­nªœÄ®n‹³Â­—Š‡nµœ„¦µ¢Â log-log
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ž¸ 1943 ŗoÁ¦·É ¤Äoª·›¸Å¢Åœ˜rÁ°¨·Á¤œ˜r‡µÎ œª–®µ‡ªµ¤Á‡oœÄœž´®µ¤·˜·Á—¸¥ªÁnœ‡ªµ¤Á‡oœš¸ÉÁ„·—Äœ
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1.3.1 „µ¦ÁºÉ°¤¡°„Ÿ·ª·ÊœŠµœ
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tempering) …°ŠÁ®¨È„„¨oµÂ¦Š—¹Š­¼Š AISI4340 š¸É°»–®£¼¤· 100,200,250,30,400,500¨³650°Š«µ
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Feng Tseng and Shin Lin (2008) ŗošµÎ „µ¦«¹„¬µª·Á‡¦µ³®r„µ¦Â˜„®´„…°ŠÁ¡¨µ­nŠ
„ε¨´Š…°ŠÁ‡¦ºÉ °ŠÁ„ȝÁ„¸É¥ª™´ªÉ ¨·­Š¦¼ žš¸É1.15×¥š—­°„µ¦Â˜„®´„…°ŠÁ¡¨µš¸ÉŸµn œ„¦³ªœ„µ¦Ÿ¨·˜
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˜„®´„Á®¨nµœ¸Êŗo—ªo ¥š§¬‘¸„µ¦¨oµ‹µ„£µ¦³®¤»œ·— ( Torsional Fatigue )
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Xiaolei and Zhiwei (2008) ŗošµÎ „µ¦«¹„¬µª·Á‡¦µ³®r„µ¦Â˜„®´„‹µ„‡ªµ¤¨oµ…°Š
Á¡¨µ¦™‹´„¦š¸ÉŸµn œ„µ¦»—oª¥„¦³Â­Á®œ¸É¥ªœÎµ¡ªnµ­nªœŸ­¤šµŠÁ‡¤¸„¦³ªœ„µ¦šµŠ‡ªµ¤¦o°œ
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concentration) „µ¦…¥µ¥˜´ª…°Š¦°¥Â˜„¤¸ Beach mark ´—Á‹œ š·«šµŠÁ˜·Ã˜Á…oµ­¼n·ÊœŠµœŽ¹ÉŠÁ„·—
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Dumitru et al (2007) ŗo«¹„¬µÁž¦¸ ¥Áš¸¥‡ªµ¤Â…Ȋ¦Š¨oµ¦³®ªnµŠ„µ¦¨oµ‹µ„
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Li et al (2007) ŗo«¹„¬µ„µ¦Îµ¦» —…°ŠÁ¡¨µšoµ¥ (steering Shaft) Ĝ¦™ n µ®·¤³
(Slushy vehicle) ¡ªnµ„µ¦š¸ÉÁ¡¨µšoµ¥…µ—°¥nµŠ„³š´œ®´œ…–³ÄoŠµœÃ—¥…µ—š¸É¦· Áª– ­Åž¨œr¤¸
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ĜÁ‡¦ºÉ °Š¥œ˜r ¡ªnµÁ¡¨µÁ…oµ­¼n„¨Å„‡ªµ¤¨oµ ¤¸„µ¦Á¦·É ¤ …°Š¦°¥Â˜„ (crack) Á¨È„ǝ¦· Áª–¦n °Š‡¸¥r
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„µ¦Îµ¦» —¨³Ÿ·ª¦°¥Â˜„…°ŠÁ¡¨µÂ­—ŠÅªoĜ¦¼ žš¸É 1.21, 1.22 ˜µ¤¨Îµ—´
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Bhaumik et al (2002) ŗo«¹„¬µ„µ¦Îµ¦» —ÁœºÉ°Š‹µ„‡ªµ¤¨oµ…°ŠÁ¡¨µ„¨ªŠ­nŠ„ε¨´Š
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Ĝ¦¼ žš¸É 1.23 ¨³ 1.24
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¦¼ žš¸É 1.24 ¦°¥Â˜„(crack) ¦· Áª–¦n °Š‡¸¥r (keyway)
Cleland and Jones (1997) ŗo«¹„¬µ„¦–¸ „µ¦…µ—…°ŠÁ¡¨µšoµ¥ÄœÁ‡¦ºÉ °Š¥œ˜r…œµ—
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š¸ÉÁ¡¨µ…µ—¨³¦· Áª–š¸Éŗo¦´°·š›·¡¨‹µ„¦Š·—­¼ŠÂ­—ŠÄœ¦¼ žš¸É 1.25
¦¼ žš¸É 1.25 ˜ÎµÂ®œnŠš¸ÉÁ¡¨µ…µ—¨³¦· Áª–š¸Éŗo¦´°·š›·¡¨‹µ„¦Š·—­¼Š
Xiaolei and Zhiwei (2009) ŗo«¹„¬µ„µ¦Îµ¦» —…°ŠÁ¡¨µÁš°¦rݍµ¦šrÁ‹°¦r¡ªnµ
˜ÎµÂ®œnŠš¸ÉÁ¡¨µ…µ—‡º°¦· Áª–‡¤…°¦n °Š Groove š¸É°¥¼¦n ³®ªnµŠ¦· Áª–Áž¨¸É¥œÂž¨Š¡ºÊœš¸É®œoµ˜´—
…°ŠÁ¡¨µ‹µ„„µ¦˜¦ª‹­°¦°¥Â˜„¡ªnµ Á„·—‹µ „£µ¦³‡ªµ¤¨oµ®¤»œ—´—¨³¡ªnµ¦· Áª–¦µ„
fillet š¸É¦n°Š Groove ¤¸°»–®£¼¤·­¼ŠÁ¡¦µ³ÁžÈ œ¦· Áª–Á…o¤…oœ…°Š„µ¦Á­¸¥—šµœ¦³®ªnµŠ bearing sleeve
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¦· Áª–‡ªµ¤Á…o¤…oœ‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ (stress concentration area)¨´„¬–³…°ŠÁ¡¨µ„n°œÂ¨³®¨´Š…µ—­—Š
Ĝ¦¼ žš¸É1.26 ­nªœ¦¼ žš¸É 1.27 ™¹Š¦¼ žš¸É 1.29 ­—ŠŸ·ª¦°¥Â˜„…°ŠÁ¡¨µ
¦¼ žš¸É 1.26 ¦¼ ž¦n µŠ…°ŠÁ¡¨µÂ¨³˜ÎµÂ®œnŠš¸ÉÁ¡¨µ…µ—
¦¼ žš¸É 1.27 Ÿ·ª¦°¥Â˜„š¸É®œoµ˜´—š¸É 1
¦¼ žš¸É 1.28 Ÿ·ª¦°¥Â˜„­»—šoµ¥„n°œÁ„·—„µ¦…µ—
¦¼ žš¸É 1.29 ‡ªµ¤Á­¸¥®µ¥š¸ÉÁ„·—¦· Áª–Ÿ·ª sleeve bearing
Ranganath et al (2004) ŗošµÎ „µ¦«¹„¬µ®µ­µÁ®˜»„µ¦Îµ¦» —…°ŠÁ¡¨µ…´­ª·Š
(Swing Pinion Shaft) Ĝ¦™…»—™nµ œ ¡ªnµ„µ¦…µ—ÁžÈ œ·Êœ¢´œ…°Š swing pinion —´ŠÂ­—ŠÄœ¦¼ žš¸É
1.30 ÁžÈ œŸ¨¤µ‹µ„£µ¦³‡ªµ¤¨oµÂ·— ×¥Ÿ·ª¦°¥Â˜„­—Š¦µ¥¨³Á°¸¥—¦°¥Â˜„Á¦·É ¤˜oœ‹µ„…°
—oµœ…oµŠ…°Š¢´œ pinion ¨³ž¦µ„’š·«šµŠ„µ¦…µ—Äœplane shear —´Š¦¼ žš¸É 1.31 Ž¹ÉŠ¨´„¬–³„µ¦…µ —
—´Š„¨nµªÁ®¤º°œ„´Á¡¨µš¸É…µ—ÁœºÉ°Š‹µ„¦´£µ¦³­™·˜¥rÁ„·œ„ε¨´Š „µ¦Žn°¤Äoª·›¸„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤Ž¹ÉŠ¦· Áª–
¦°¥ÁºÉ°¤Â­—ŠÄœ¦¼ žš¸É 1.32
¦¼ žš¸É 1.30 ¢´œ¡·Áœ¸¥œš¸É…µ—®¨»—°°„¤µ
¦¼ žš¸É 1.31 ˜ÎµÂ®œnŠ¦°¥ÁºÉ°¤Žn°¤
¦¼ žš¸É 1.32 ¦· Áª–š¸É…µ—ÁœºÉ°Š‹µ„‡ªµ¤¨oµ
Bayrakceken (2006) ŗo«¹„¬µ„µ¦Îµ¦» —…°ŠÁ¡¨µ…´ÄœÁ‡¦ºÉ °Š¥œ˜rŽÉ¹ŠÂ…°Š
Á¡¨µÅ—o­—ŠÅªoĜ¦¼ žš¸É 1.33×¥¡ªnµÁ¡¨µÁ„·—„µ¦…µ—š¸É¦· Áª–Áž¨¸É¥œÂž¨Š¡ºÊœš¸É®œoµ˜´——´ŠÂ­—Š
Ĝ¦¼ žš¸É 1.34 šÎµ„µ¦«¹„¬µ­µÁ®˜»„µ¦Îµ¦» —¡ªnµÁ„·—‹µ„„µ¦š¸ÉÁ¡¨µ˜o°Š¦´ ‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ ¨oµ­¼ŠÁ„·œ„ε¨´Š
Ž¹ÉŠ­µ¤µ¦™¡·‹µ¦–µŸ·ª¦°¥Â˜„…°ŠÁ¡¨µ¦¼ žš¸É 1.35 ž¦³„°
¦¼ žš¸É 1.33 …°ŠÁ¡¨µ…´
¦¼ žš¸É 1.34 ˜ÎµÂ®œnŠš¸ÉÁ¡¨µ…´…µ—
¦¼ žš¸É 1.35 Ÿ·ª¦°¥Â˜„
Fuller et al (2008) ŗošµÎ „µ¦ª·Á‡¦µ³®r„µ¦Îµ¦» —…°ŠÁ¡¨µŽ¹ÉŠŸ¨·˜‹µ„Á®¨È„„¨oµÅ¦o
­œ·¤AISI304 —oª¥ª·›¸Á·Š„¨free body diagramĜ„µ¦‡Îµœª–Á·Š„¨Â­—ŠÄœ¦¼ žš¸É 1.36 Ž¹ÉŠÄœ
„µ¦‡Îµœª–®µ¦· Áª–Á¦·É ¤˜oœ„µ¦Îµ¦» —ÄœšµŠ„¨¡ªnµ„µ¦®¤»œ·—…°ŠÁ¡¨µšÎµÄ®oÁ„·—‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ
ÁŒº°œ…¹ÊœŽ¹ÉŠ¦· Áª–š¸É¤¸‡ªµ¤Á…o¤…oœ‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ­¼Š‡º°¦· Áª– filletŽ¹ÉŠÁžÈ œŸ·ªÁºÉ°¤¡°„¤¸‡nµ Kt=1.48
ÁžÈ œ‹»—Á¦·É ¤˜oœ…°Š¦°¥Â˜„
¦¼ žš¸É 1.36 free body diagram Ĝ„µ¦‡Îµœª–
1.3.3 „µ¦ž¦³Á¤·œ°µ¥»‡ªµ¤¨oµ
Vooward et al (2004) ŗo«¹„¬µÁž¦¸ ¥Áš¸¥°µ¥»‡ªµ¤¨oµ…°ŠÁ®¨È„„¨oµŸ­¤˜Îɵšœ
¦Š—¹Š­¼Š AISI 4340 „¦–¸ šµÎ shot peening —oª¥chromium plated „´Å¤nšµÎ shot peening ×¥„µ¦
­¦oµŠ·Êœš—­°—´Š¦¼ žš¸É 1.37 ¨oªœÎµÅžš—­°—oª¥Á‡¦ºÉ °Šš—­°‡ªµ¤¨oµÂ®¤»œ—´—Å—o S-N
curve —´ŠÂ­—ŠÄœ¦¼ žš¸É 1.38 ¡ªnµ‡ªµ¤Â…Ȋ¦Š¨oµ…°ŠÁ®¨È„„¨oµŸ­¤˜ÎɵšœÂ¦Š—¹Š­¼Š AISI 4340
„¦–¸ š¸ÉšµÎ shot peening —oª¥chromium plated Ä®o‡nµ‡ªµ¤Â…Ȋ¦Š¨oµ 420 MPa Ž¹ÉŠ˜Îɵ„ªnµ„¦–¸ ŤnšµÎ
shot peening Ž¹ÉŠÅ—o‡nµ‡ªµ¤Â…Ȋ¦Š¨oµ 800 MPa
¦¼ žš¸É 1.37 ·Êœš—­°‡ªµ¤¨oµ
¦¼ žš¸É 1.38 S-N curve …°ŠÁ®¨È„„¨oµŸ­¤˜ÎɵšœÂ¦Š—¹Š­¼ŠAISI4340 „¦–¸ šµÎ shot peening —oª¥
chromium plated „´Å¤nšµÎ shot peening
G Magudeesawaran et al (2008) ŗo«¹„¬µ°µ¥»‡ªµ¤¨oµ…°ŠŸ·ªÁºÉ°¤¡°„¡ªnµ
„¦¦¤ª·›¸ÁºÉ°¤Å¢¢o µ—oª¥¨ª—ÁºÉ°¤®»¤o ¢¨´„Žrץčo¨ª—ÁºÉ°¤Å±Ã—¦Á‹œ˜Îɵœ·—Á¢°¦· ˜·„Ä®o°µ¥»‡ªµ¤
¨oµ­¼Šš¸É­»—¨³¡ªnµ·ÊœŠµœš¸É¤¸¦°¥µ„¤¸°µ¥»‡ªµ¤¨oµ˜Îɵ„ªnµ·ÊœŠµœš¸ÉŤn¤¸¦°¥µ„—´ŠÂ­—ŠÄœ¦¼ žš¸É
1.39a ¨³ 1.39b ŗo­—Š‡ªµ¤­´¤¡´œ›r…°Š˜´ªÂž¦‹µ„„µ¦š—¨°Š—´Š­¤„µ¦š¸É (1.7)
SnN
A
(1.7)
S ‡º°Â°¤ž¨·‹¼—…°Š‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ N ‡º°‹Îµœªœ¦°Äœ„µ¦ª·˜´ · ­nªœn ¨³A ÁžÈ œ‡nµ‡Šš¸ÉŽÉ ¹ŠÅ—o‹µ„
„µ¦š—¨°Š
¦¼ žš¸É1.39 S-N Curve a.) Unnotched specimen b.) Notched specimen [16]
1.3.4 „µ¦Äo ŢŜ˜rÁ°¨·Á¤œ˜rªÁ· ‡¦µ³®r Á„¸¥É ª„´„µ¦¨oµ
Yuan Lin et al (2008) ŗo«¹„¬µ„µ¦ª·˜´ ·‹µ„„µ¦¨oµ…°ŠÁ¡¨µÄœ¦³­nŠ„ε¨´Š …°Š
¦™»„žn µ (ATV) Ž¹ÉŠž„˜·šµÎ ŠµœÂ ®¤»œ„¨´Åž„¨´¤µÁ¡ºÉ°´Š‡´Ä®o¦™ …´Á‡¨ºÉ°œÁ—· œ®œoµ™°¥
®¨´Š ‡nµÃ¤Á¤œ˜r¨³Â¦Š­nŠ„ε¨´Š®µÅ—o‹µ„­¤„µ¦š¸É(1.8) ¨³­¤„µ¦š¸É (1.9) ˜µ¤¨Îµ—´ ¨oªœÎµÅž
‡Îµœª–®µ‡nµ‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ­¼Š­»—‹µ„£µ¦³®¤»œ—´—…°ŠÁ¡¨µ‹µ„­¤„µ¦š¸É (1.10) ¨³­¤„µ¦š¸É (1.11)
605
2S1
7
F
V max
(1.8)
27
D p cos D
16
[C m M Sd 3
(1.9)
Cm M 2 Ct T 2 ]
(1.10)
W max
×¥ Cm ‡º° ¢„Á˜°¦räÁ¤œ˜r——´ P ‡º°„ε¨´Š¤°Á˜°¦r
F ‡º°Â¦Š„¦³šÎµš¸É­Åž¨œr
D ‡º°Á­oœŸnµœ«¼œ¥r„¨µŠ
16
Sd 3
Cm M 2 Ct T 2
(1.11)
Ct ‡º° ¢„Á˜°¦räÁ¤œ˜r·—…°ŠSpline Shaft
N ‡º°‡ªµ¤Á¦È ª¦°¤°Á˜°¦r
M ‡º°Ã¤Á¤œ˜r——´ ‹µ„„µ¦«¹„¬µšÎµÄ®oš¦µªnµ£µ¦³‡ªµ¤¨oµš¸ÉÁ¡¨µ˜o°ŠÂ„¦´œ´Êœ¤¸‡nµ¤µ„„ªnµ‡nµ
‡ªµ¤Â…Ȋ¦Š¨oµ (Fatigue Strength) …°Šª´­—» š¸ÉœµÎ ¤µÄošµÎ Á¡¨µšÎµÄ®oÁ¡¨µ¤¸°µ¥»„µ¦ÄoŠµœ‹Îµ„´—
¨³Á¤ºÉ° čoŢŜ˜rÁ°¨·Á¤œ˜rª·Á‡¦µ³®r£µ¥Ä˜o­¤ÎɵÁ­¤°Â¨³ Shock load (£µ¦³Áž¨¸É¥œÂž¨Š
„³š´œ®´œ ) «¹„¬µ¦· Áª– ‡ªµ¤Á‡oœª·„§˜ ( Critical Stress ) š¸ÉÁžÈ œ¦· Áª–Á¦·É ¤˜oœ …°Š„µ¦Â˜„®´„
(Crack) ¡ªnµ¦· Áª–­Åž¨œr (Spline) …°ŠÁ¡¨µ ¤¸‡nµ‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ­¼Š­»—¨³ÁžÈ œ‹»—š¸ÉÁ¡¨µª·˜´ · —´Š
­—ŠÄœ¦¼ žš¸É 1.40 ×¥­¦oµŠÃ¤Á—¨‹Îµ¨°Š…° Š Splines shaft (Á¡¨µ­Åž¨œr ) —oª¥Á°¨·Á¤œ˜r¦¼ž¦n µŠ
®„Á®¨¸É¥¤Â¨oªÂnŠÁ°¨·Á¤œ˜r¥°n ¥ 16, 096 Á°¨·Á¤œ˜r (element) 18,753 ‹»—˜n°(node) —´Š¦¼ žš¸É 1.41
Á¡ºÉ°Äoª·Á‡¦µ³®r
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¦¼ žš¸É 1.41 Ÿ¨„µ¦ª·Á‡¦µ³®r‡nµ‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ‡ªµ¤Á‡¦¸ ¥—…°ŠÁ¡¨µÃ—¥Äoަ„¦¤Å¢Åœ˜rÁ°¨·Á¤œ˜r
Jianping and Guang (2008) ŗo«¹„¬µ„µ¦Îµ¦» —…°ŠÁ¡¨µÁ„¸¥¦r×¥­¦oµŠÂ‹Îµ¨°Š
…°ŠÁ¡¨µ—´Š¦¼ žš¸É 1.42 ¨oªÄoަ„¦¤Å¢Åœ˜rÁ°¨·Á¤œ˜rª·Á‡¦µ ³®r®µ‡nµ‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ ˜µ¤ÁŠºÉ°œÅ…„µ¦
čoŠµœ Ÿ¨„µ¦ª·Á‡¦µ³®r­—Š—´Š¦¼ žš¸É 1.43 Ž¹ÉŠÁ®ÈœÅ—oªnµ‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ­¼Š­»—Á„·— …¹Êœ š¸É key slot ®¨´Š‹µ„
œ´Êœ‹¹Š šÎµ„µ¦ª·Á‡¦µ³®r£µ¦³‡ªµ¤¨oµ…°ŠÁ¡¨µ˜µ¤„¦³ªœ„µ¦ Ĝ¦¼ žš¸É 1.44 ŗo‡nµ£µ¦³Ã®¨—
ª´‘‹´„¦°°„¤µ—´Š¦¼ ž 1.45 ¨oª ®µ S-N curve …°ŠÁ¡¨µÁ„¸¥¦r °°„¤µ—´ŠÂ­—ŠÄœ¦¼ žš¸É 1.46 Á¡ºÉ°
ž¦³Á¤·œŸ¨°µ¥»…°ŠÁ¡¨µ˜µ¤Â˜nÁŠºÉ°œÅ…„µ¦ÄoŠµœ
¦¼ žš¸É 1.42 ‹Îµ¨°Š…°ŠÁ¡¨µÁ„¸¥¦r
¦¼ žš¸É1.43 Ÿ¨„µ¦ª·Á‡¦µ³®r‡nµ‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ—oª¥Å¢Åœ˜rÁ°¨·Á¤œ˜rަ„¦¤
¦¼ žš¸É 1.44 „¦³ªœ„µ¦š—­°ª·Á‡¦µ³®r‡ªµ¤¨oµ
Time (S)
¦¼ žš¸É 1.45 £µ¦³ª´’‹´„¦š¸É­nŠŸ¨Ä®oÁ„·—‡ªµ¤¨oµ
(Cycle)
¦¼ žš¸É 1.46 S-N curve …°Šª´­—»šµÎ Á¡¨µÁ„¸¥¦r
TOPAKCI et al (2008) ŗo«¹„¬µ‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ—´—¨oµš¸ÉÁ„·—…¹Êœ„´»—Á„¸¥¦r…°Š¦™Å™
‡¦µ—Á¡ºÉ°„µ¦Á„¬˜¦Ã—¥…´Êœ˜°œ„µ¦«¹„¬µÁ¦·É ¤‹µ„­¦oµŠÂ‹Îµ¨°Š„µ¦šÎµŠµœ…°Š»—Á„¸¥¦r…Ê ¹œ¤µ—´Š
­—ŠÄœ¦¼ žš¸É1.47 ¨oªÄoŢŜ˜rÁ°¨·Á¤œ˜rަ„¦¤ª·Á‡¦µ³®r‡nµ‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ…°Š»—Á„¸¥¦r ˜µ¤ÁŠºÉ°œÅ…
„µ¦ÄoŠµœ—´ŠÂ­—ŠÄœ¦¼ žš¸É 1.48 ¨³1.49 ¡ªnµ‡ªµ¤Á‡oœš¸ÉÁ„·—…¹Êœ„´»—Á„¸¥¦rŤnÁ„·œ…¸—‹Îµ„´—‡ªµ¤
¨oµ(fatigue limit) ¨³¤¸‡nµ‡ªµ¤ž¨°—£´¥(safety factor) ­¼Š¤¸‡ªµ¤­µ¤µ¦™¡°˜µ¤ÁŠºÉ°œÅ…„µ¦Äo
Šµœ
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¦¼ žš¸É 1.48 Ÿ¨„µ¦ª·Á‡¦µ³®r‡nµ‡ªµ¤Á‡oœš¸ÉÁ„·—…¹Êœ¦³®ªnµŠÁ„¸¥¦r˜ª´ š¸1É „´Á„¸¥¦r˜ª´ š¸2É
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›¦¦¤œ¼­¸—µ‡µ¦Â¨³Á„¸¥¦˜·¢oµ˜´ÊŠÄ‹‹·˜ (2550) ŗo«¹„¬µ¦¼ ž¦n µŠ…°ŠnµÁ¡¨µš¸É¤¸
Ÿ¨˜n°‡ªµ¤Â…Ȋ¦Š…°ŠÁ¡¨µ¨¼„®¸¦¼ ž 1.50 ץčo¦³Á¸¥ª·›¸Å¢Åœ˜rÁ°¨·Á¤œ˜r ÁœºÉ°Š‹µ„¡ªnµÄœ
„µ¦ª·Á‡¦µ³®r¦¼ž¦n µŠ…°ŠnµÁ¡¨µš¸ÉÁ®¤µ³­¤Ã—¥Äo„µ¦‡Îµœª–šµŠ‡–· ˜«µ­˜¦r­µ¤µ¦™šÎµÅ—oĜ
¦³—´®œ¹ÉŠÁšnµœ´Êœ¤¸…°o ‹Îµ„´—Äœ„µ¦Â„ož´®µµŠ„¦–¸ ×¥¡µ—¡·Š™¹ŠŠµœª·‹¥´ µŠŒ´ªnµ
‡nµž¦³¤µ–…°Š‡nµ˜´ªž¦³„°‡ªµ¤®œµÂœnœ‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ‹µ„„µ¦‡Îµœª–µŠ„¦–¸ ¤¸‡nµ¤µ„Á„·œÅž
—´Šœ´ÊœÄœŠµœª·‹¥´ …°ŠÁ…µ‹¹Š­¦oµŠÂ‹Îµ¨°Š°¥nµŠŠnµ¥ —´Š¦¼ žš¸É 1.51 ¨oªÄo®¨´„„µ¦­¤—»¨Â¨³
š§¬‘¸…°Š‡µœª·Á‡¦µ³®r‡nµ„µ¦Â°nœ˜´ªÂ¨³£µ¦³š¸É„¦³šÎµš¸É‹»—¦°Š¦´ —´Š¦¼ žš¸É 1.52 Áž¦¸ ¥Áš¸¥„´
Ÿ¨š¸Éŗo‹µ„„µ¦ª·Á‡¦µ³®r—ªo ¥¦³Á¸¥ª·›¸šµŠÅ¢Åœ˜rÁ°¨·Á¤œ˜r¦¼žš¸É 1.53 ®¨´Š‹µ„œ´ÊœšÎµ„µ¦ª·Á‡¦µ³®r
‹»—ª·„§˜š¸É¦· Áª–nµÁ¡¨µš¸ÉčoŠµœ‹¦· ŠÂ¨³šÎµ„µ¦ª·Á‡¦µ³®r„µ¦ž¦´Áž¨¸É¥œ¦¼ ž¦n µŠ¨´„¬–³…°Šnµ
Á¡¨µÄœ­°Š¦¼ žÂ‡º°nµÁ¡¨µÂÃ‡oŠ (Circular fillet shoulder) ¨³nµÁ¡¨µÂ¨µ—Á°¸¥Š
(Tapered fillet shoulder) ¡ªnµnµÁ¡¨µÂÁ°¸¥Š(Tapered fillet shoulder) ‹³¤¸‡nµ‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ­¼Š­»—š¸É
Á„·—…¹Êœœo°¥„ªnµnµÁ¡¨µÂÃ‡oŠ (Circular fillet shoulder) ¨³¤¸…°o Á­œ°Âœ³ ­Îµ®¦´„µ¦¨—‡nµ
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°´˜¦µ­nªœ¦³®ªnµŠ¦³¥³“µœ˜n°‡ªµ¤­¼Š­Îµ®¦´nµÁ¡¨µÂ¨µ—Á°¸¥Š®¦º ° šÎµ Relief Groove (¦n °Š
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Cheng Chen and Biau Tsay (2002) ŗošµÎ „µ¦ª·Á‡¦µ³®r‡nµ‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ…°Š¢´œÁ„¸¥¦r
ץčo¦³Á¸¥ª·›¸šµŠÅ¢Åœ˜rÁ°¨·Á¤œ˜r«¹„¬µ¡§˜·„¦¦¤ÄœÂ˜n¨³ÁŠºÉ°œÅ…¤»¤®œoµ­´¤Ÿ´­…°Š
¢´œÁ¢º °Š—´ŠÂ­—ŠÄœ¦¼ žš¸É 1.54
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1.4 ª´˜™»ž¦³­Š‡r…°ŠÃ‡¦Š„µ¦ª·‹¥´
1.4.1 Á¡ºÉ°ž¦³Á¤·œ°µ¥»„µ¦¨oµ…°ŠÁ¡¨µ­ª·Š ¨³„ε®œ—°µ¥»ÄoŠµœ…°Š Á¡¨µ­ª·Š š¸É
Ÿnµœ„¦³ªœ„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤Žn°¤¡°„Á®¨È„„¨oµšœÂ¦Š—¹Š­¼ŠAISI 4340
1.4.2 Á¡ºÉ°¡·­¼‹œr„¦¦¤ª·›¸„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤š¸ÉÄ®oÁœºÊ°ÁºÉ°¤š¸É¤¸‡»–­¤´˜·˜µo œšµœ˜n° „µ¦¨oµ—¸
š¸É­»—Á¡ºÉ°„ε®œ—ÁžÈ œÂœªšµŠª·›¸„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤Â¨³¤µ˜¦“µœÄœ„µ¦Žn°¤Á¡¨µ­ª·Š
1.5 …°Á…˜„µ¦ª·‹¥´
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ŗo‹µ„˜n¨³„¦³ªœ„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤ªnµ„¦³ªœ„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤ÂÅ®œÄ®oŸª· ÁºÉ°¤¡°„š¸É¤¸ž¦³­·š›·£µ¡
˜oµœšµœ„µ¦¨oµ—¸„ªnµ„´œÄœÂŠn…°Š°µ¥»„µ¦ÄoŠµœÁ¤ºÉ°Áš¸¥„´·Êœ­nªœ Á‡¦ºÉ °Š‹´„¦ Á—·¤ ·ÊœŠµœš¸É‹³
šÎµ„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤¡°„‡º°Á¡¨µ­ª·Š(Swing shaft) Ž¹ÉŠšÎµ‹µ„Á®¨È„„¨oµÂ¦Š—¹Š­¼ŠAISI4340 ×¥¤¸˜ª´ ž¦š¸É
‹³«¹„¬µ ‡º°„¦¦¤ª·›¸„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤ (welding process) ¨³¨ª—ÁºÉ°¤ (wire) š¸ÉčoÁºÉ°¤¡°„š¸É˜„˜nµŠ„´œ
—´Šœ¸Ê
* „µ¦ÁºÉ°¤Å¢¢o µ¨ª—ÁºÉ°¤®»¤o ¢¨´„Žr(SMAW)
—oª¥¨ª—ÁºÉ°¤œ·—
AWS A5.5-96 E11018 -GH4R
EN 757-1997 E696 Mn2NiCrMoB42H5
* „µ¦ÁºÉ°¤°µ¦r‡£µ¥Ä˜o„p­‡¨»¤(MAG)
—oª¥¨ª—ÁºÉ°¤œ·—
AWS A5.28-ER110S-G
EN 12534 Mn3NiCrMo
* „µ¦ÁºÉ°¤—oª¥¨ª—ÁºÉ°¤Å­o¢¨´„Žr(FCAW)
—oª¥¨ª—ÁºÉ°¤œ·—
AWS A5.29-E110T-K4
EN: 1999 12535 69 5 Mn2NiCrMo B3 H5
1.6 ž¦³Ã¥œr š¸É‡µ—ªnµ‹³Å—o ¦´‹µ„Ÿ¨„µ¦ª·‹¥´
1.6.1 ­µ¤µ¦™Îµ¦» Š¦´„¬µÁ·Šžo °Š„´œ
1.6.2 ŗo„¦¦¤ª·›¸ÁºÉ°¤Žn°¤š¸ÉÁ®¤µ³­¤‡»¤o ‡nµšµŠÁ«¦¬“«µ­˜¦r
šš¸É 2
ª·›¸„µ¦—εÁœ·œ„µ¦ª·‹¥´
Ĝšœ¸Ê„¨nµª™¹Š£µ¡¦ª¤ …°Š„µ¦—εÁœ·œŠµœª·‹¥´ ÁžÈ œ®¨´„ ¨³¨Š¦µ¥¨³Á°¸¥—
ª·›¸„µ¦—εÁœ·œŠµœª·‹¥´ ÁŒ¡µ³Äœ…´Êœ˜°œš¸É­µÎ ‡´®¦º °Ž´Žo°œ ×¥ÁœoœÁžo µ®¤µ¥š¸É‹³Å—o¦´‹µ„„µ¦
—εÁœ·œŠµœª·‹¥´ Ĝ˜n¨³…´Êœ˜°œš´ÊŠœ¸Ê…°Á…˜…°ŠŠµœª·‹¥´ ‡º° «¹„¬µ‡ªµ¤Â…Ȋ¦Š¨oµÂ¨³ ž¦³Á¤·œ
°µ¥»‡ªµ¤¨oµ…°ŠÁœºÊ°ÁºÉ°¤Á®¨È„„¨oµŸ­¤˜Îɵ AISI 4340 ‹µ„„¦¦¤ª·›¸„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤Å¢¢o µ—oª¥¨ª—ÁºÉ°¤
®»¤o ¢¨´„Žr„¦¦¤ª·›¸„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤¤·„/¤„¨³„¦¦¤ª·›¸„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤—oª¥¨ª—ÁºÉ°¤Å­o¢¨´„Žr
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2.¦ª¦ª¤…o°¤¼¨Â¨³°Š‡r‡ªµ¤¦¼ o °œ´ ÁžÈ œž¦³Ã¥œrĜ„µ¦Â„ož´®µ
3.ª·Á‡¦µ³®r…°o ¤¼¨š¸Éŗo¦ª¦ª¤¤µªnµœÎµ¤µž¦³¥»„˜rčoŗo°¥nµŠÅ¦
4.šÎµ„µ¦«¹„¬µš—¨°ŠÁ˜·¤Á˜È¤…o°¤¼¨Äœ­n ªœš¸É…µ—
5.œÎµŸ¨¨´¡›rš¸Éŗo‹µ„„µ¦«¹„¬µÂ¨³„µ¦š—¨°Š¤µª·Á‡¦µ³®r¨³­¦» ž
6.ž¦³¤ª¨‡ªµ¤™¼„˜o°ŠÂ¨³‡ªµ¤ÁžÈ œÅžÅ—o…°ŠŸ¨„µ¦š—¨°ŠÂ¨³…o°­¦» ž
7.œÎµŸ¨„µ¦ª·‹¥´ ŞčoÄ®oÁ„·—ž¦³Ã¥œr‹¦· Š
8.«¹„¬µÂ¨³˜·—˜µ¤Ÿ¨…°ŠŠµœª·‹¥´
¦¼ žš¸É2.1 Ÿœ£µ¡Â­—Š®¨´„„µ¦—εÁœ·œŠµœª·‹¥´
2.1 ª·›¸„µ¦—εÁœ·œŠµœª·‹¥´
2.1.1 «¹„¬µ…o °¤¼¨Â¨³˜¦ª‹ª´—‡nµ¡µ¦µ¤·Á˜°¦r Áº°Ê Š˜oœš¸É˜o°ŠœÎµ¤µÄo ĜŠµœª·‹¥´
¾ «¹„¬µ„µ¦šÎµŠµœ…°ŠÁ¡¨µ­ª·ŠÄœ¦™…»—Å¢¢o µ
¾ ˜¦ª‹­°ž¦³ª´˜·„µ¦Žn°¤Îµ¦» Š¦´„¬µ(maintenance)
¾ ª·Á‡¦µ³®rŸª· ¦°¥Â˜„ (fracture surface)
¾ ˜¦ª‹ª´—ž¦· ¤µ–„¦³Â­Å¢š¸É‹nµ¥Á…oµ¤°Á˜°¦rĜ˜n¨³ÁŠºÉ°œÅ…„µ¦šÎµŠµœ
¾ ˜¦ª‹ª´—‡ªµ¤Á¦È ª¦°…°Š¤°Á˜°¦rĜ˜n¨³ÁŠºÉ°œÅ…„µ¦šÎµŠµœ
2.1.2 œÎµ…o °¤¼¨š¸Éŗo ¤µª·Á‡¦µ³®r ×¥°µ«´¥š§¬‘¸Â¨³°Š‡r ‡ªµ¤¦¼oĜÁ·Šª·«ª„¦¦¤
¾ „µ¦°°„·Êœ­nªœÁ‡¦ºÉ °Š‹´„¦„¨
¾ „µ¦‡Îµœª–¦ŠšµŠ„¨š¸É„¦³šÎµ˜n°·Êœ­nªœÁ‡¦ºÉ °Š‹´„¦„¨
¾ „µ¦ª·Á‡¦µ³®r‡nµ‡ªµ¤Á‡oœš¸ÉÁ„·—…¹Êœ„´·Êœ­nªœÁ‡¦ºÉ °Š‹´„¦„¨
2.1.3 «¹„¬µ„µ¦Äo Á‡¦ºÉ°Š¤º°n ª¥Äœ„µ¦šÎµŠµœª·‹¥´
¾ Á‡¦ºÉ °Šª´—„¦³Â­Â¨³‡ªµ¤Á¦È ª¦°
¾ Á‡¦ºÉ °Šš—­°‡ªµ¤¨oµ(Fatigue testing machine)
¾ ަ„¦¤°°„Â¨³ª·Á‡¦µ³®rŠµœšµŠª·«ª„¦¦¤
2.1.4 ª·Á‡¦µ³®r ¨³ž¦³Á¤·œŸ¨Šµœª·‹¥´
¾ š§¬‘¸¦°Š¦´Ÿ¨„µ¦ª·‹¥´
¾ ž¦³¥»„˜r‡ªµ¤¦¼o£µ‡š§¬‘¸Åž­¼n£µ‡ž’·˜´ ·
¾ „µ¦šªœ­°‡ªµ¤™¼„˜o°Š…°ŠŸ¨„µ¦ª·‹¥´
2.1.5 „µ¦œÎµÅžÄo ‹¦·Š
¾ ¤°Š®¨µ¥ÇŠnšµŠÄœ„µ¦Â„ož´®µÁ¡ºÉ°®µšµŠÁ¨º°„š¸É—¸„ªnµ
2.2 Á‡¦ºÉ°Š¤º°ª´­—»Â¨³°»ž„¦–rš¸Éčo ĜŠµœª·‹¥´
2.2.1 ަ„¦¤šµŠª·«ª„¦¦¤
ަ„¦¤š¸ÉčoĜŠµœª·‹¥´ œ¸ÊnŠÁžÈ œ 3 ­nªœ®¨´„
™ ަ„¦¤š¸ÉčoĜ„µ¦Á„ȝ…o°¤¼¨Å—o„nUlead Video Studio ¨³Converter
™ ަ„¦¤š¸ÉčoĜ„µ¦­¦oµŠÂ‹Îµ¨°ŠÅ—o„nGear Trax, Shaft Component Generation,
Involute Spline connection, Solidwork Modeling, Solidwork Motion, Autodesk Inventer,
Google Sketch up Pro, Photowork, AutoCAD 3D, 3ds max
™ ަ„¦¤š¸ÉčoĜ„µ¦ª·Á‡¦µ³®rŸ¨Å—o„nMD Solid, Cosmoswork, Solidwork Simulation
MSC. Patran, MSC. Nastran, MSC. Marc
2.2.2 ‡¨¤žr ¤·Á˜°¦r
‡¨¤žr ¤·Á˜°¦r BK Precision 325 ­—ŠÄœ¦¼ žš¸É 2.2 čoª—´ „¦³Â­Å¢š¸É‹nµ¥Á…oµ
¤°Á˜°¦r
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2.2.3 Digital Tachometer
Digital Tachometer ¦»n œTC-811B čoª—´ ‡ªµ¤Á¦È ª¦°…°Š¤°Á˜°¦rŗošÊŠ´ ­´¤Ÿ´­
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¦¼ žš¸É2.3 Digital Tachometer ¦»n œTC-811B
2.2.4 °»ž„¦–rÁ‡¦ºÉ°Š¤º°ª´—¨³Á°¸¥—Å—o „nÁª°¦r Áœ¸¥¦r ˜¨´Á¤˜¦ ¢· ¨Á¨°¦r Á„‹
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2.2.5 Á‡¦ºÉ°Šš—­°‡ªµ¤Â…Ȋ¦Š¨oµÂ‡µœ®¤»œ
Á‡¦ºÉ °Šš—­°‡ªµ¤Â…Ȋ¦Š¨oµÂ‡µœ®¤»œ ¦¼ žš¸É 2.5 Ä®o£µ¦³Â®¤»œ—´—
(Rotating Bending) ¤¸‡ªµ¤Á¦È ª¦°4,200 ¦°˜n°œµš¸ Ÿ¨·˜Ã—¥¦· ¬š´ Ratnakar enterprises Ž¹ÉŠÁžÈ œ
Á‡¦ºÉ °Šš—­°…°Š£µ‡ª·µª·«ª„¦¦¤°»˜­µ®„µ¦¤®µª·š¥µ¨´¥Áš‡ÃœÃ¨¥¸¦µ¤Š‡¨«¦¸ ª·¥´
¤·Á˜°¦r ª—´ ¦°
· ʜš—­°
ž»n ¤Start/Stop
˜»o¤™nªŠœÎ ʵ®œ´„
¦¼ žš¸É2.5 ­—ŠÁ‡¦ºÉ °Šš—­°‡ªµ¤¨oµÂ‡µœ®¤»œ
2.2.6 ·Êœš—­°‡ªµ¤Â…Ȋ¦Š¨oµ
¦¼ žš¸É2.6 ·Êœš—­°‡ªµ¤Â…Ȋ¦Š¨oµ
2.3 …´Êœ˜°œÂ¨³ª·›¸„µ¦Äœ„µ¦—εÁœ·œŠµœª·‹¥´
2.3.1 «¹„¬µ„µ¦Îµ¦» —…°ŠÁ¡¨µ­ª·ŠÄœ¦¼ žš¸É 2.7×¥„µ¦˜¦ª‹¡·œ·‹Ÿ·ª¦°¥Â˜„…°Š
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Á¡¨µ…µ—
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2.3.3 čo‡¨¤žr ¤·Á˜°¦r ˜¦ª‹ª´—„¦³Â­Å¢š¸É‹nµ¥Á…oµ¤°Á˜°¦r ¨oªÄoÁ‡¦ºÉ °Šª´—
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Á¢º °Š˜¦ŠÄœ­¤„µ¦š¸É (2.2) ¨³­¤„µ¦(2.3) ª·Á‡¦µ³®r¦Šš¸É„¦³šÎµ„´¢´œ­Åž¨œr ץčo ­¤„µ¦š¸É
(2.4) ¨³­¤„µ¦š¸É (2.5)
˜µ¦µŠš¸É 2.1 ­—Š…o°¤¼¨‹Îµœªœ¢´œ…°Š»—Á¢º °Š…´Â¨³Á¢º °Š˜µ¤
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»—š¸É 1
20
84
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15
60
»—š¸É 3
13
32
IV u eff
746
5hp n3
12
n2
13
7
63,000
(2.1)
(2.2)
5
1
(2.3)
FAT
27
R
(2.4)
FAN
FAT tan 30 0
(2.5)
×¥ P ‡º° „ε¨´Š¤°Á˜°¦r…–³š¸Éčo…´ Á¡¨µ
n ‡º° ‹Îµœªœ¢´œ…°ŠÁ¢º °ŠÁ„¸¥¦r
T ‡º° ¦Š·—
eff ‡º°ž¦³­·š›·£µ¡…°Š¤°Á˜°¦r
FAT ‡º°Â¦Š„¦³šÎµÂœªÂšœÁ‹œ˜r–˜ÎµÂ®œnŠ A
FAN ‡º°Â¦Š„¦³šÎµÂœª˜´ÊŠŒµ„–˜ÎµÂ®œnŠ A
‹µ„œ´ÊœšÎµ„µ¦¥oµ¥Â¦Š‹µ„¢´œ­Åž¨œrŞ¥´Š˜ÎµÂ®œnŠš¸ÉÁ¡¨µ…µ—Á„·—äÁ¤œ˜r——´ Ĝ
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äÁ¤œ˜r——´ —oª¥­¤„µ¦š¸É2.8
0 xy
FAT u R
(2.6)
0 yz
FAN u R
(2.7)
0 all
0 2xy 0 2yz
(2.8)
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‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ ®¨´„­¼Š­»—˜Îɵ­»— ¦· Áª–nµÁ¡¨µ—´Š­¤„µ¦š¸É 2.9 ¨³­¤„µ¦š¸É 2.10 ¨³­µ¤µ¦™®µ‡nµ
‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ¦ª¤Å—o‹µ„„µ¦‡Îµœª–×¥°µ«´¥­¤„µ¦š¸É 2.11
V max , V min
W max ,W min
V a ,e
×¥ W a ‡º°Â°¤ž¨·‹¼—‡ªµ¤Á‡oœÁŒº°œ­¨´
>
16
0 r 0 2 72
3
Sd
r
@
16
0 2 72
3
Sd
(2.10)
(2.11)
V a2 3W a2
Va
(2.9)
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2.3.4 ˜¦ª‹ª´—¦µ¥¨³Á°¸¥—…°ŠÁ¡¨µÁ¡ºÉ°®µ‡nµ¡µ¦µ¤·Á˜°¦r ¦¼ž¦n µŠÂ¨³…œµ—­Åž¨œr
(Spline) …°ŠÁ¡¨µ…o°¤¼¨Â­—ŠÅªoĜ˜µ¦µŠš¸É2.2
˜µ¦µŠš¸É2.2 ¡µ¦µ¤·Á˜°¦r ¦¼ž¦n µŠÂ¨³…œµ—­Åž¨œr(Spline)
EXTERNAL INVOLUTE SPLINE DATA
FILLET ROOT SIDE FIT
SPLINE-PINION(A)
SPLINE-PINION(B)
NUMBER OF TEETH
31
27
PITCH
4/8
4/8
PRESSURE ANGLE
300
300
BASE DIAMETER
170.459 mm
148.463 mm
PITCH DIAMETER
196.850 mm
171.450 mm
MAJOR DIAMETER
203.200 mm
177.800 mm
FORM DIAMETER
202.996 mm
164.414 mm
MINOR DIAMETER
185.240 mm
160.020 mm
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…´Êœ˜n°ÅžÁžÈ œ„µ¦ ­°Áš¸¥‡ªµ¤™¼„˜o°Š Ĝ„µ¦‡Îµœª– ץčoަ„¦¤ Shaft
Component Generation ­—Š¦µ¥¨³Á°¸¥—Ÿœ£µ¡£µ¦³„¦³šÎµÁ·Š„¨…°ŠÁ¡¨µŽ¹ÉŠª·›¸„µ¦ª·Á‡¦µ³®r
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2.9 ¨³ 2.10 ‹µ„œ´ÊœÄo‡µÎ ­´ŠÉ ž¦³¤ª¨Ÿ¨Ä®oÁ¡¨µ‡Îµœª–‡nµ˜nµŠÇ˜µ¤Â˜n˜°o Š„µ¦
…œµ—Á­o œŸnµ«¼œ¥r„¨µŠ
¨³‡ªµ¤¥µª
¦¼ žš¸É 2.9 ¦µ¥¨³Á°¸¥—‹Îµ¨°ŠÁ¡¨µ
‹»—Fixed
Bearing support
External loading
¦¼ žš¸É 2.10 ÁŠºÉ°œÅ…„µ¦‹´¥¹—¨³£µ¦³Â¦Š
2.3.5 ­¦oµŠÂ‹Îµ¨°ŠÂ­—Š·Êœ­nªœž¦³„°…°ŠÁ¡¨µ­ª·ŠÄœ¦¼ žš¸É 2.11 ¨oªšÎµ
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2.5 Ážoµ®¤µ¥ÄœÂ˜n¨³…´Êœ˜°œ…°Š„µ¦—εÁœ·œŠµœª·‹¥´
2.5.1 …´Êœ˜°œ„µ¦ª·Á‡¦µ³®r …o°¤¼¨š¸Éŗo ‹µ„„µ¦˜¦ª‹ª´—
¾ ­µ¤µ¦™¦³»ž¦· ¤µ–„¦³Â­Å¢š¸É‹nµ¥Á…oµ¤°Á˜°¦rĜ˜n¨³ÁŠºÉ°œÅ…„µ¦šÎµŠµœ
¾ ­µ¤µ¦™¦³»‡ªµ¤Á¦È ª¦°…°Š¤°Á˜°¦rĜ˜n¨³ÁŠºÉ°œÅ…„µ¦šÎµŠµœ
¾ ­µ¤µ¦™¦³»¨„´ ¬–³„µ¦Îµ¦» —…°ŠÁ¡¨µ
2.5.2 …´Êœ˜°œ„µ¦ª·Á‡¦µ³®r ®µ£µ¦³š¸ÉÁ¡¨µ˜o°ŠÂ„¦´…–³Äo Šµœ
¾ ª·Á‡¦µ³®r„µ¦­nŠ™nµ¥Â¦Š…°Š·Êœ­nªœšµŠ„¨
¾ ­µ¤µ¦™¦³»š°¦r„Ĝ˜n¨³nªŠ„µ¦­nŠ™nµ¥Â¦Š…°Š»—Á„¸¥¦r
¾ ­µ¤µ¦™°›·µ¥„µ¦­nŠ™nµ¥Â¦Š‹µ„»—Á„¸¥¦r¤µ¥´ŠÁ¡¨µ
¾ ª·Á‡¦µ³®r‡nµ‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ (Stress Analysis)
¾ ­µ¤µ¦™¸Ê‹Š„µ¦Â„ož´®µ—oª¥„µ¦‡Îµœª–(Analytical Solution)
¾ ­µ¤µ¦™¡·­¼‹œr—ªo ¥¦³Á¸¥ª·›¸šµŠÅ¢Åœ˜rÁ°¨·Á¤œ˜r(Finite Element Analysis)
2.5.3 …´Êœ˜°œ„µ¦«¹„¬µ‡ªµ¤Â…Ȋ¦Š¨oµ…°Š·Êœš—­° (Specimen)
¾ ­µ¤µ¦™Áž¦¸ ¥Áš¸¥°µ¥»‡ªµ¤¨oµ…°ŠÁœºÊ°ÁºÉ°¤(Weld metal) ‹µ„˜n¨³„¦¦¤ª·›¸„µ¦Áº°É ¤
¾ ­µ¤µ¦™Áž¦¸ ¥Áš¸¥°µ¥»‡ªµ¤¨oµ…°ŠÁœºÊ°ÁºÉ°¤(Weld metal) „´Ã¨®³“µœ(base metal)
2.5.4 …´Êœ˜°œ„µ¦ž¦³Á¤·œ°µ¥»‡ªµ¤¨oµ…°ŠÁ¡¨µ­ª·Š (Swing Shaft)
¾ ­µ¤µ¦™°›·µ¥„¨Å„‡ªµ¤¨oµ (Fatigue Mechanism Analysis)
¾ ­µ¤µ¦™Á…oµÄ‹…°Á…˜…°Š„µ¦ª·˜´ ·(Fatigue Criteria Analysis)
¾ ­µ¤µ¦™šÎµœµ¥°µ¥»‡ªµ¤¨oµ(Fatigue life prediction) …°ŠÁ¡¨µ­ª·Š(Swing shaft)
2.5.5 „µ¦œÎµÅžÄo ‹¦·Š
¾ ­µ¤µ¦™°°„Á¡¨µÄ®¤nÁ¡ºÉ°ÁžÈ œšµŠÁ¨º°„°¸„šµŠ®œ¹ÉŠÂ„n„µ¦Å¢¢o µ n µ¥Ÿ¨·˜
šš¸É 3
Ÿ¨„µ¦š—¨°ŠÂ¨³ª·‹µ¦–r Ÿ¨„µ¦š—¨°Š
ÁœºÊ°®µ£µ¥Äœšœ¸ÊÁžÈ œ„µ¦œÎµÁ­œ°…o°¤¼¨Â¨³ Ÿ¨¨´¡›r š¸Éŗo‹µ„˜n¨³…´Êœ˜°œ „µ¦
—εÁœ·œŠµœª·‹¥´ ×¥‹³ÂnŠÁžÈ œ 4 ­nªœ‡º°Ÿ¨„µ¦˜¦ª‹­°Ÿ·ª¦°¥Â˜„ Ÿ¨„µ¦š—­°‡ªµ¤
…Ȋ¦Š¨oµŸ¨„µ¦‡Îµœª–‡nµ‡ªµ¤Á‡oœÂ¨³Ÿ¨„µ¦ž¦³Á¤·œ°µ¥»‡ªµ¤¨oµÃ—¥‹³­°—š¦„Âœª‡·—Äœ
„µ¦ª·Á‡¦µ³®r‡ª‡¼nŞ—oª¥Â¨³­·ÉŠ­»—šoµ¥š¸É‹³œÎµÁ­œ°‡º°„µ¦ª·Á‡¦µ³®r¨³ª·‹µ¦–rŸ¨„µ¦ª·‹¥´
3.1 Ÿ¨„µ¦˜¦ª‹­°Ÿ·ª¦°¥Â˜„
‹µ„„µ¦˜¦ª‹­°„µ¦Îµ¦» —ÁºÊ°Š˜oœ—oª¥„µ¦˜¦ª‹¡·œ·‹Ÿ·ª¦°¥Â˜„…°ŠÁ¡¨µÄœ¦¼ ž
š¸É3.1 ¡ªnµŸ·ª¦°¥Â˜„‡n°œ…oµŠ®¥µÂ¨³…¦» …¦³š·«¦°¥Â˜„šÎµ¤»¤ž¦³¤µ– 45 °Š«µ„´ÂœªÂ„œ
…°ŠÁ¡¨µŽ¹ÉŠš·«šµŠ„µ¦Â˜„Äœ¨´„¬–³œ¸Ê‡¨oµ¥„µ¦Â˜„Áž¦µ³—oª¥£µ¦³·—­™·˜¥rªŠ¦°„µ¦
…¥µ¥˜´ª…°Š¦°¥Â˜„Ĝ˜n¨³´Êœ‡n°œ…oµŠ®nµŠÃ—¥‹»—Á¦·É ¤˜oœ…°Š¦°¥Â˜„¤¸®¨µ¥‹»—(Multi-Origin)
×¥Á¦·É ¤‹µ„¦· Áª–nµÁ¡¨µÂÃ‡oŠ(Fillet Shoulder) —´ŠÂ­—ŠÄœ¦¼ žš¸É3.2 ¨³¦°¥Â˜„…¥µ¥ÁžÈ œªŠ
„ªoµŠÁ…oµÅžÄœÁœºÊ°Á¡¨µÃ—¥Á®ÈœBeach mark´—Á‹œšÎµÄ®o¡Êœº š¸ÉĜ„µ¦¦´Â¦Š…°ŠÁ¡¨µ¨—¨Š­nŠŸ¨
Ä®o‡nµ‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ¦· Áª–œ´Êœ­¼Š…¹Êœ‹œ„¦³š´ŠÉ Á¡¨µ¦´£µ¦³Á„·œ„ε¨´Š‹¹Š„n°Ä®oÁ„·—¦· Áª–„µ¦ª·˜´ ·°¥nµŠ
Œ´¡¨´œ(Over Load) ­nŠŸ¨Ä®oÁ¡¨µ…µ—°¥nµŠš´œš¸šœ´ ėĜ…–³ÄoŠµœ
Ž¹ÉŠ‹µ„…o°¤¼¨¨´„¬–³…°ŠŸ·ª¦°¥Â˜„Äœ…oµŠ˜oœšÎµÄ®oš¦µªnµ¨´„¬–³„µ¦Îµ¦» —
…°ŠÁ¡¨µÁžÈ œ¨´„¬–³„µ¦Îµ¦» ——oª¥„¨Å„…°Š‡ªµ¤¨oµŽ¹ÉŠ¤µ‹µ„„µ¦ š¸ÉÁ¡¨µ¦´£µ¦³·——´—ÁžÈ œª´’
‹´„¦Ã—¥„µ¦Á„·—¦°¥Â˜„Á¦·É ¤˜oœœ´ÊœÁ„·—ÁœºÉ°Š‹µ„¦· Áª–œ´Êœ¤¸‡nµ‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ¨oµ­¼Š(High fatigue stress)
Ž¹ÉŠž„˜·°µ¥»‡ªµ¤˜oµœšµœ˜n°„µ¦¨oµ‹³˜Îɵ (Low cycle fatigue) Á„·—„µ¦Á­¸¥¦¼ ž¡¨µ­˜·„ (Plastic
deformation) ÁŒ¡µ³š¸ÉŽÉ¹ŠÁžÈ œ„¨Å„…°Š„µ¦Å™¨ (To-and-fro slip) ˜nÁ¤ºÉ°¤¸¦°¥Â˜„Á„·—…¹ÊœÂ¨oª
ž¦µ„‘ªnµ„¨Å„‡ªµ¤¨oµ…°Š„µ¦…¥µ¥˜´ª…°Š¦°¥Â˜„„¨´¤¸‡nµ‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ¨oµ˜Îɵ (Low fatigue stress)
šÎµÄ®o°µ¥»‡ªµ¤¨oµ®¨´ŠÁ„·—¦°¥Â˜„­¼Š…¹Êœ (High cycle fatigue)
¦¼ žš¸É3.1 ¨´„¬–³„µ¦Îµ¦» —¨³Ÿ·ª¦°¥Â˜„…°ŠÁ¡¨µ
¦¼ žš¸É3.2 ¦· Áª–nµÁ¡¨µÂÃ‡oŠŽ¹ÉŠÁžÈ œ¦· Áª–Á¦·É ¤˜oœ…°Š¦°¥Â˜„
3.2 Ÿ¨„µ¦š—­°‡ªµ¤Â…Ȋ¦Š¨oµ
‹µ„„µ¦š—­°‡ªµ¤Â…Ȋ¦Š¨oµ…°Š·Êœš—­°š¸ÉÁ˜¦¸ ¥¤‹µ„ÁœºÊ°ÁºÉ°¤š¸ÉŸµn œ
„¦¦¤ª·›¸„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤š¸É˜„˜nµŠ„´œ3 „¦¦¤ª·›¸Å—o„n„¦¦¤ª·›¸„µ¦ ÁºÉ°¤Å¢¢o µ—oª¥¨ª—ÁºÉ°¤®»¤o ¢¨´„Žr
„¦¦¤ª·›¸„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤¤·„/¤„¨³„¦¦¤ª·›¸„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤Å¢¢o µ—oª¥¨ª—ÁºÉ°¤Å­o¢¨´„Žr ¡ªnµ„¦¦¤ª·›¸ „µ¦
ÁºÉ°¤Å¢¢o µ—oª¥¨ª—ÁºÉ°¤Å­o¢¨´„ŽrÄ®oÁœºÊ°ÁºÉ°¤š¸É¤¸‡ªµ¤­µ¤µ¦™˜oµœšµœ˜n°„µ¦¨oµ—¸š¸É­»— ¦°Š¨Š¤µ
‡º°ÁœºÊ°ÁºÉ°¤‹µ„„¦¦¤ª·›¸„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤Å¢¢o µ—oª¥¨ª—ÁºÉ°¤®»¤o ¢¨´„Žr ­nªœÁœºÊ°ÁºÉ°¤š¸Éŗo‹µ„ „¦¦¤ª·›¸
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讳ÁœºÊ°Á—·¤Ž¹ÉŠÁžÈ œÁ®¨È„„¨oµšœÂ¦Š—¹Š­¼ŠÁ„¦— AISI 4340 „´ÁœºÊ°ÁºÉ°¤¡ªnµ 讳ÁœºÊ°Á—·¤Ž¹ÉŠ
ÁžÈ œÁ®¨È„„¨oµšœÂ¦Š—¹Š­¼ŠÁ„¦— AISI 4340 œ´Êœ¤¸ÂœªÃœo¤‡nµ‡ªµ¤Â…Ȋ¦Š¨oµ­¼Š„ªnµ ÁœºÊ°ÁºÉ°¤ ×¥
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3.1 ¨³œÎµÁ­œ°„¦µ¢ ­—Š
‡ªµ¤­´¤¡´œ›r¦³®ªnµŠ‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ„´°µ¥»„µ¦ÄoŠµœ (S-N Curve) …°Š·Êœš—­° Ĝ¦¼ žš¸É 3.3 - 3.7
Á¡ºÉ°Ä®oŠnµ¥˜n°„µ¦¡·‹µ¦–µÁž¦¸ ¥Áš¸¥
˜µ¦µŠš¸É 3.1 …o°¤¼¨Â­—Š‡ªµ¤­´¤¡´œ›r¦³®ªnµŠ‡nµ‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ„´‹Îµœªœ¦°š¸ÉÁ„·—‡ªµ¤Á­¸¥®µ¥
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(‡¦´ÊŠš¸)É
300
350
400 (1)
400 (2)
500 (1)
500 (2)
600 (1)
600 (2)
700 (1)
700 (2)
800
MMA
1166063
203481
180793
52474
64230
86168
103394
4270
1377
-
°µ¥»(¦°)
MIG/MAG
FCAW
6713160*
1467630*
1582570*
804931
202039
180793
815756
105401
39854
47150
184415
216760
3663
49008
1574
51210
510
895
15763
1710
-
Base Metal
435609
746380
107616
85546
13025
15763
11831
‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ(MPa)
MMA
°µ¥»(¦°)
¦¼ ž 3.3 „¦µ¢‡ªµ¤­´¤¡´œ›r…°Š‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ„´°µ¥»…°ŠÁœºÊ°ÁºÉ°¤Á®¨È„„¨oµAISI 4340 š¸ÉÁºÉ°¤—oª¥
„¦¦¤ª·›¸„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤Å¢¢o µ—oª¥¨ª—ÁºÉ°¤®»¤o ¢¨´„Žr
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MAG
°µ¥»(¦°)
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„¦¦¤ª·›¸„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤¤·„/¤„
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FCAW
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„¦¦¤ª·›¸„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤Å¢¢o µ—oª¥¨ª—ÁºÉ°¤Å­o¢¨´„Žr
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Base metal
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‡ªµ¤Á‡oœMPa
MMA
MAG
FCAW
Base metal
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¦¼ ž3.7 „¦µ¢Áž¦¸ ¥Áš¸¥‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ„´°µ¥»…°ŠÁœºÊ °ÁºÉ°¤š¸Éŗo‹µ„„¦¦¤ª·›¸„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤Å¢¢o µ—oª¥¨ª—®» ¤o
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3.3 Ÿ¨„µ¦‡Îµœª–‡nµ‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ
Ĝ„µ¦‡Îµœª–‡nµ‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ‹³ÂnŠ°°„ÁžÈ œ 3 ­nªœ®¨´„‡º°­nªœ…°Š„µ¦‡Îµœª–
¤º°(Analytical Solution) ץčoš§¬‘¸­¤—»¨…°Š‡µœ (Beam Equilibrium) ­nªœ…°Šª·›¸„µ¦
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…°Š„µ¦ª·Á‡¦µ³®r—ªo ¥¦³Á¸¥ª·›¸šµŠÅ¢Åœ˜rÁ°¨·Á¤œ˜r (Finite Element Analysis)
‹µ„Name plate (…o°¤¼¨Á‡¦ºÉ °Š‹´„¦ ) …°Š­ª·Š ¤°Á˜°¦r ­—Š „ε¨´Š…´ ­¼Š­»— 95
¦Š¤oµ‡ªµ¤Á¦È ª¦° 515 ¦°˜n°œµš¸ Á¤ºÉ°šÎµ„µ¦ª´— „¦³Â­Â¨³‡ªµ¤Á¦È ª¦°…°Š¤°Á˜°¦r …–³
¤°Á˜°¦ršµÎ Šµœš¸É full- load ¡ªnµ„¦³Â­Å¢š¸É‹nµ¥Á…oµ¤°Á˜°¦r¤¸‡nµ 450 °¤Âž¦r „œ¤°Á˜°¦r
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¤°Á˜°¦r 86% ‹µ„…o°¤¼¨¡µ¦µ¤·Á˜°¦r…µo Š˜oœœ¸Ê­µ¤µ¦™Äo­¤„µ¦š¸É (2.1) ®µ‡nµ„ε¨´Šš¸Éšo‹¦· Š…°Š
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»—Á„¸¥¦r ×¥˜o°ŠÄo­¤„µ¦š¸É (2.2) ®µ‡ªµ¤Á¦È ª¦°ÄœÂ˜n¨³nªŠ„µ¦­nŠ™nµ¥Â¦Š°°„¤µÁ¡ºÉ°Âž¨Š
ÁžÈ œ‡nµš°¦r„—oª¥­¤„µ¦š¸É 2.3 ×¥¦µ¥¨³Á°¸¥—…o°¤¼¨…°Š‡ªµ¤Á¦È ª¦°Â¨³š°¦r„Å—o­—ŠÅªoĜ
˜µ¦µŠš¸É 3.2
˜µ¦µŠš¸É 3.2 …o°¤¼¨‡ªµ¤Á¦È ª¦°Â¨³š°¦r„Ĝ˜n¨³nªŠ…°Š„µ¦­nŠ™nµ¥Â¦Š
¨Îµ—´»—Á¢º °Š
»—š¸É 1
»—š¸É2
»—š¸É3
‡ªµ¤Á¦È ª¦° (¦°˜n°œµš¸)
122.6
30.65
12.45
š°¦r„ (œ·ª˜´œ-Á¤˜¦)
3,484
13,934
34,304
Á¤ºÉ°¤°Á˜°¦r ­nŠ„ε¨´ŠŸnµœ»—Á„¸¥¦r Ş¥´Š­Åž¨œr…°Š Á¡¨µ­ª·Š ¨oª ŗošµÎ „µ¦
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125,876 œ·ª˜´œ ץčo­¤„µ¦š¸É 2.4Ĝ„µ¦‡Îµœª– ĜœªNormal ¤¸‡nµÁšnµ„´45,815 œ·ª˜´œ ×¥
čo­¤„µ¦š¸É(2.5) Ĝ„µ¦‡Îµœª–‹µ„œ´ÊœÄo®¨´„„µ¦­¤—»¨…°Š‡µœ¥oµ¥Â¦Š‹µ„¦· Áª–­Åž¨œrŞ¥´Š
˜ÎµÂ®œnŠš¸ÉÁ¡¨µ…µ——´ŠÂ­—ŠÄœ¦¼ žš¸É3.8 Á„·—äÁ¤œ˜r——´ Ĝ­°ŠÂœªÂ„œŽ¹ÉŠ‡Îµœª–‡nµ˜µ¤­¤„µ¦š¸É
(2.6) ¨³(2.7) £µ¦³—´—¦ª¤š¸ÉÁ¡¨µ­ª·ŠÂ„¦´ ‡Îµœª–˜µ¤­¤„µ¦š¸É (2.8) ‡nµš¸Éŗo ‡º° 128,530 œ·ª
˜´œ -Á¤˜¦ ­nªœ£µ¦³·—š¸ÉÁ¡¨µ­ª·Š „¦´‡º° 34,104 œ·ª˜´œ -Á¤˜¦‹µ„„µ¦Â„¦´£µ¦³·——´—
¥´ŠŸ¨Ä®oÁ¡¨µ­ª·ŠÁ„·—‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ˜´ÊŠŒµ„¨³‡ªµ¤Á‡oœÁŒº°œ­¼Š­»— 156 MPa ¨³81MPa ×¥‡Îµœª–
˜µ¤­¤„µ¦š¸É 2.9 ¨³2.10 ˜µ¤¨Îµ—´­»—šoµ¥Äo­¤„µ¦š¸É (2.11) Ĝ„µ¦‡Îµœª–®µ‡nµ‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ¦ª¤
­¼Š­»—Ž¹ÉŠÅ—o‡nµ°°„¤µÁžÈ œ 170 MPa
¦¼ žš¸É 3.8 Ÿœ£µ¡Â­—ŠÂ¦Š„¦³šÎµ
„µ¦ª·Á‡¦µ³®r‡nµ‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ—oª¥Ãž¦Â„¦¤ Shaft Component Generation čo­°
Áš¸¥„´Ÿ¨š¸Éŗo‹µ„„µ¦‡Îµœª– ¡ªnµ‡nµ‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ¦ª¤š¸Éަ„¦¤ž¦³¤ª¨Å—o ¤¸‡nµ ÁžÈ œ 157.6 MPa
×¥ž¦³¤µ– Ÿœ£µ¡‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ—´——´ŠÂ­—ŠÄœ¦¼ žš¸É 3.9 ×¥‡nµ‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ¦ª¤­¼Š­»— –˜ÎµÂ®œnŠš¸É
Á¡¨µ…µ—¤¸‡nµÁžÈ œ 172 MPa
¦¼ žš¸É 3.9 Ÿ¨„µ¦ª·Á‡¦µ³®r‡nµ‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ—oª¥Ãž¦Â„¦¤ Shaft Component Generation
Ÿ¨¨´¡›r…°Š„µ¦ ª·Á‡¦µ³®r‡nµ‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ ¨³¦· Áª–‡ªµ¤Á…o¤…oœ‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ —oª¥Å¢
Ŝ˜rÁ°¨·Á¤œ˜rަ„¦¤˜µ¤ª·›¸„µ¦Äœ®´ª…o° 2.4.6 ­—ŠÄœ¦¼ žš¸É 3.10 ¨³¦¼ žš¸É 3.11¡ªnµ¦· Áª–š¸É
‡nµ‡ªµ¤Á…o¤…oœ‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ­¼Šœ´ÊœÁžÈ œ¦· Áª–nµÁ¡¨µÂÃ‡oŠŽ¹ÉŠ˜¦Š„´¦· Áª–š¸ÉÁ„·—„µ¦Îµ¦» —Äœ
Á¡¨µ­ª·Š…°Š‹¦· Š ×¥¤¸‡nµ Kt torsion (˜´ªž¦³„°‡ªµ¤®œµÂœnœ‡ªµ¤Á…o¤…oœ‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ¨oµ„¦–¸ „µ¦
¦³—´—) Ášnµ„´1.16 ¨³¤¸‡nµ Kt bending (˜´ªž¦³„°‡ªµ¤®œµÂœnœ‡ªµ¤Á…o¤…oœ‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ¨oµ„¦–¸
„µ¦¦³·—) Ášnµ„´ 1.40 Ÿ¨„µ¦‡Îµœª–‡nµ‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ ¦ª¤­¼Š­»— ¤¸‡nµÁšnµ„´ 192 MPa š´ÊŠœ¸Êŗo°›·µ¥
¦µ¥¨³Á°¸¥—¨³ª·›¸„µ¦šÎµÅªoĜ£µ‡Ÿœª„
¦¼ žš¸É 3.10 ­—Š„µ¦„¦³‹µ¥…°Š‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ„¦–¸ Ťn­ª¤Á¢º °ŠÁ„¸¥¦r
¦¼ žš¸É 3.11 ­—Š„µ¦„¦³‹µ¥…°Š‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ„¦–¸ ­ª¤Á¢º °ŠÁ„¸¥¦r
3.4 Ÿ¨„µ¦ž¦³Á¤·œ°µ¥»‡ªµ¤¨oµ
„µ¦ž¦³Á¤·œ°µ¥»‡ªµ¤¨oµÄœŠµœª·‹¥´ œ¸ÊÁžÈ œÅž˜µ¤®¨´„„µ¦Stress life approach (SN diagram) Ž¹ÉŠÁžÈ œª·›¸š¸ÉÁ®¤µ³­¤„´ „µ¦Â„o ž´®µ‡ªµ¤¨oµž¦³Á£š High Cycle Fatigue ×¥‹³
ž¦³Á¤·œÄœ¦¼ ž…°Šcycle loading Ÿ¨„µ¦ª·Á‡¦µ³®rnŠ°°„ÁžÈ œ 3 ­nªœ®¨´„LJº°…°Á…˜…°Š„µ¦
ª·˜´ · Ÿœ£µ¡°µ¥»‡ªµ¤¨oµÂ¨³„µ¦Áž¦¸ ¥Áš¸¥ž¦³Á¤·œ°µ¥»
3.4.1 …°Á…˜…°Š„µ¦ª·´˜·
Ĝ„µ¦®µ …°Á…˜ …°Š„µ¦ª·˜´ · ˜o°Šš¦µ™¹Š­¤´˜·Á·Š„¨…°Šª´­—» °´œÅ—o„n‡nµ
‡ªµ¤Â…Ȋ¦Š—¹Š­¼Š­»—‡nµ‡ªµ¤Â…Ȋ¦Š—¹Š –‹»—‡¦µ„ ¨³‡nµ‡ªµ¤Â…Ȋ¦Š¨oµ …o°¤¼¨Â­—ŠÅªoĜ
˜µ¦µŠš¸É 2.4 …o°¤¼¨—´Š„¨nµªœÎµ¤µÁ…¸¥œÂ­—Š…°Á…˜„µ¦ª·˜´ · ˜µ¤ª·›¸„µ¦…°Š Goodman —´Š¦¼ žš¸É
3.12-3.15 ×¥Á­oœž¦³­¸Â—Š‡º°…°Á…˜„µ¦‡¦µ„˜´ª­nªœÁ­oœš¹­¸—µÎ ‡º°Á­oœ Goodman „¦–¸ „n°œ
¨³®¨´Š‡¼–¢„Á˜°¦rž¦´ž¦» Š‡nµ‡ªµ¤Â…Ȋ¦Š¨oµŽ¹ÉŠ­¤„µ¦„ε„´Á­oœ‡º°­¤„µ¦š¸É 1.5 ®µ„£µ¦³
‡ªµ¤Á‡oœÁ„·œ…°Á…˜…°Š„µ¦ª·˜´ ·°µ¥»„µ¦ÄoŠµœ‹³¤¸…¸—‹Îµ„´— ­nªœ°µ¥»„µ¦ÄoŠµœ‹³ÁžÈ œÁšnµÅ®¦n
œ´Êœ˜o°ŠÄoŸœ£µ¡°µ¥»‡ªµ¤¨oµÄœ„µ¦šÎµœµ¥Ž¹ÉŠ‹³Â­—ŠŸ¨Äœ®´ª…o°™´—Åž
ƒ …°Á…˜„µ¦ª·˜´ ·…°ŠÁ®¨È„„¨oµšœÂ¦Š—¹Š­¼Š AISI 4340 ­—ŠÄœ¦¼ žš¸É 3.12
Vy
V e'
Ve
Vy
V ut
¦¼ žš¸É3.12 …°Á…˜„µ¦ª·˜´ ·…°ŠÁ®¨È„„¨oµšœÂ¦Š—¹Š­¼Š AISI 4340
ƒ …°Á…˜„µ¦ª·˜´ ·…°ŠÁœºÊ°ÁºÉ°¤¡°„Ÿ·ªŽ¹ÉŠÁ˜¦¸ ¥¤‹µ„„¦¦¤ª·›¸„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤Å¢¢o µ—oª¥¨ª—ÁºÉ°¤
®»¤o ¢¨´„Žr­—ŠÄœ¦¼ žš¸É 3.13
¦¼ žš¸É 3.13 …°Á…˜„µ¦ª·˜´ ·…°ŠÁœºÊ°ÁºÉ°¤¡°„Ÿ·ªŽ¹ÉŠÁ˜¦¸ ¥¤‹µ„„¦¦¤ª·›¸„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤Å¢¢o µ—oª¥¨ª—
ÁºÉ°¤®»¤o ¢¨´„Žr
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Å­o¢¨´„Žr­—ŠÄœ¦¼ žš¸É 3.14
¦¼ žš¸É 3.14 …°Á…˜„µ¦ª·˜´ ·…°ŠÁœºÊ°ÁºÉ°¤¡°„Ÿ·ªŽ¹ÉŠÁ˜¦¸ ¥¤‹µ„„¦¦¤ª·›¸„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤Å¢¢o µ—oª¥¨ª—
ÁºÉ°¤®»¤o ¢¨´„Žr
ƒ …°Á…˜„µ¦ª·˜´ ·…°ŠÁœºÊ°ÁºÉ°¤¡°„Ÿ·ªŽ¹ÉŠÁ˜¦¸ ¥¤‹µ„„¦¦¤ª·›¸„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤¤·„ /¤„­—ŠÄœ¦¼ ž
š¸É3.15
¦¼ žš¸É 3.15 …°Á…˜„µ¦ª·˜´ ·…°ŠÁœºÊ°ÁºÉ°¤¡°„Ÿ·ªŽ¹ÉŠÁ˜¦¸ ¥¤‹µ„„¦¦¤ª·›¸„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤¤·„/¤„
3.4.2 Ÿœ£µ¡°µ¥»‡ªµ¤¨oµ
Ÿœ£µ¡°µ¥»‡ªµ¤¨oµ Ĝ¦¼ žš¸É 3.16-3.19 čošµÎ œµ¥°µ¥»„µ¦ÄoŠµœ…°Šª´­—»š¸É Á…oµ­¼n
„¨Å„„µ¦¨oµ ×¥°µ«´¥ …o°¤¼¨‹µ„„µ¦š—­°‡ªµ¤¨oµš¸ÉŸµn œ„µ¦„¦³´…o°¤¼¨Â¨oª¤µž¦´ž¦» Š‡nµ
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…°ŠÂ¢„Á˜°¦rž¦´ž¦» Š‡nµ‡ªµ¤Â…Ȋ¦Š¨oµÅ—o­—Š¦µ¥¨³Á°¸¥—ŪoĜ£µ‡Ÿœª„ ­¤„µ¦„ε„´Á­oœ
šÎµœµ¥°µ¥»‡ªµ¤¨oµ…°ŠÂ˜n¨³ª´­—»Â­—ŠÄœ­¤„µ¦š¸É3.1 ™¹Š­¤„µ¦š¸É 3.4 —´Š˜n°Åžœ¸Ê
AISI 4340
1 10
1
logV log 903.2 0.16919
1
logV log 308.4 (3.2)
logV log 560.9 (3.3)
ÁœºÊ°ÁºÉ°¤¤·„¤„
1 10 0.09214
ÁœºÊ°ÁºÉ°¤Å­o¢¨´„Žr
1 10 0.12721
1
ÁœºÊ°ÁºÉ°¤®»¤o ¢¨´„Žr
1 10
(3.1)
1
logV log 532.7 0.13232
(3.4)
š´ÊŠœ¸Ê‡nµ˜´ªž¦³„°…°Š­¤„µ¦„ε¨´Š…oµŠ˜oœ ŗo­—ŠÅªoĜ˜µ¦µŠš¸É 3.3 ¨³Â­—Š
š¸É¤µ…°Š­¤„µ¦š¸ÉčoĜ„µ¦ž¦³Á¤·œ°µ¥»Ã—¥¨³Á°¸¥—ŪoĜ£µ‡Ÿœª„
˜µ¦µŠš¸É 3.3 ˜´ªž¦³„°­¤„µ¦„ε¨´Š
Process of welding
AISI 4340
MIG/MAG
FCAW
SMAW
A
903.2
308.4
560.9
532.7
B
-0.16919
-0.09214
-0.12721
-0.13232
Ÿœ£µ¡°µ¥»‡ªµ¤¨oµ™¼„œÎµ¤µÄošµÎ œµ¥°µ¥»„µ¦ÄoŠµœ…°ŠÁ¡¨µ­ª·Š š´ÊŠœ¸Ê °µ«´¥‡nµ
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ƒ Ÿœ£µ¡°µ¥»‡ªµ¤¨oµ…°ŠÁ®¨È„„¨oµšœÂ¦Š—¹Š­¼Š AISI 4340 Ĝ¦¼ žš¸É3.16
¦¼ žš¸É 3.16 Ÿœ£µ¡°µ¥»‡ªµ¤¨oµ…°ŠÁ®¨È„„¨oµšœÂ¦Š—¹Š­¼Š AISI4340
ƒ Ÿœ£µ¡°µ¥»‡ªµ¤¨oµ…°ŠŸ·ªÁºÉ°¤¡°„Ž¹ÉŠÁ˜¦¸ ¥¤‹µ„„¦¦¤ª·›¸„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤Å¢¢o µ—oª¥¨ª—ÁºÉ°¤
®»¤o ¢¨´„Žr­—ŠÄœ¦¼ žš¸É3.17
¦¼ žš¸É 3.17 Ÿœ£µ¡°µ¥»‡ªµ¤¨oµ…°ŠÁœºÊ°ÁºÉ°¤‹µ„„¦¦¤ª·›¸„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤Å¢¢o µ—oª¥¨ª—ÁºÉ°¤®»¤o ¢¨´„Žr
ƒ Ÿœ£µ¡°µ¥»‡ªµ¤¨oµ…°ŠŸ·ªÁºÉ°¤¡°„Ž¹ÉŠÁ˜¦¸ ¥¤‹µ„„¦¦¤ª·›¸„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤Å¢¢o µ—oª¥¨ª—ÁºÉ°¤
Å­o¢¨´„Žr­—ŠÄœ¦¼ žš¸É3.18
¦¼ žš¸É 3.18 Ÿœ£µ¡°µ¥»‡ªµ¤¨oµ…°ŠÁœºÊ°ÁºÉ°¤‹µ„„¦¦¤ª·›¸„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤Å¢¢o µ—oª¥¨ª—ÁºÉ°¤
Å­o¢¨´„Žr
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š¸É3.19
¦¼ žš¸É 3.19 Ÿœ£µ¡°µ¥»‡ªµ¤¨oµ…°ŠÁœºÊ°ÁºÉ°¤‹µ„„¦¦¤ª·›¸„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤¤·„/¤„
3.4.3 „µ¦Áž¦¸¥Áš¸¥ž¦³Á¤·œ°µ¥»
Ÿ¨¨´¡›r‹µ„„µ¦‡Îµœª–‡nµ‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ—oª¥ 3 ª·›¸„µ¦°´œÅ—o„n„µ¦‡Îµœª–¤º°„µ¦
‡Îµœª–ץčoަ„¦¤ Shaft Component Generation (SCG) ¨³„µ¦‡Îµœª– ª·Á‡¦µ³®r‡nµ‡ªµ¤
Á‡oœÃ—¥Äo¦³Á¸¥ª·›¸šµŠÅ¢Åœ˜rÁ°¨·Á¤œ˜r (FEM) ‡º°170 MPa, 172 MPa ¨³192 MPa ˜µ¤¨Îµ—´
Á¤ºÉ°œÎµ¤µª·Á‡¦µ³®r¦nª¤„´ÂŸœ£µ¡°µ¥»‡ªµ¤¨oµ…°Š ÁœºÊ°ÁºÉ°¤š¸Éŗo‹µ„˜n¨³„¦¦¤ª·›¸„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤
­µ¤µ¦™ž¦³Á¤·œ°µ¥»„µ¦ÄoŠµœ…°ŠÁ¡¨µ­ª·Š‡nµ—´ŠÂ­—ŠÄœ˜µ¦µŠš¸É 3.4
˜µ¦µŠš¸É3.4 °µ¥»„µ¦ÄoŠµœ…°ŠÁ¡¨µ­ª·Š
Process of welding
AISI 4340
FCAW
MIG/MAG
SMAW
Classical method
11,317 Cycle
4,397 Cycle
2,370 Cycle
203 Cycle
SCG
10,584 Cycle
4,006 Cycle
2,169 Cycle
179 Cycle
FEM
4,497 Cycle
1,141 Cycle
674 Cycle
35 Cycle
3.5 „µ¦ª·Á‡¦µ³®r ¨³ª·‹µ¦–r Ÿ¨„µ¦ª·‹¥´ £µ¡¦ª¤
Á¡¨µ­ª·ŠŽ¹ÉŠÁžÈ œ·Êœ­nªœÁ‡¦ºÉ °Š‹´„¦„¨®¨´„Äœ¦³­nŠ„ε¨´ŠÂ®¤»œÁ®ª¸É¥Š…°Š
¦™…»—Å¢¢o µš¸ÉÁŠºÉ°œÅ…„µ¦šÎµŠµœ£µ¦³Á˜È¤„ε¨´Š(Full load) œ´Êœ¥´ŠŸ¨Ä®oÁ¡¨µ­ª·Š¤¸‡nµ‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ¦ª¤
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Á¡¨µ­ª·Š­µ¤µ¦™ÄoŠµœÅ—o—´Šœ´Êœ„µ¦Îµ¦» —…°ŠÁ¡¨µ­ª·Š°´œÁœºÉ°Š¤µ‹µ„£µ¦³­™·˜¥r(Static loading)
‹¹Š™¼„˜´—ޘn„µ¦š¸ÉčoŠµœÁ¡¨µÅžÅ—o¦³¥³Áª¨µ®œ¹ÉŠÂ¨oªÁ¡¨µ„ÈÁ„·—„µ¦Îµ¦» —œ´Êœ šÎµÄ®o ¤»nŠž¦³Á—Èœ
Ş¥´Š„µ¦¨oµŽ¹ÉŠÁžÈ œ„µ¦Îµ¦» —°´œÁœºÉ°Š¤µ‹µ„£µ¦³¡¨ª´˜¦(Dynamic) „µ¦Îµ¦» —Äœ¨´„¬–³œ¸Ê¤oªnµ‡nµ
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„µ¦Îµ¦» —¨´„¬–³œ¸Ê ¡Å—ošª´É Ş„´·Êœ­nªœ Á‡¦ºÉ °Š‹´„¦ „¨š¸ÉšµÎ ®œoµš¸É Ĝ„µ¦­nŠ ™nµ¥„ε¨´Š ¨³„µ¦
Á‡¨ºÉ°œš¸É —´Šœ´Êœ‹¹Š®µ‡nµ‡ªµ¤Â…Ȋ¦Š¨oµ…°ŠÁ®¨È„„¨oµšœÂ¦Š—¹ Š­¼ŠÁ„¦— AISI 4340 Ž¹ÉŠÁžÈ œª´­—»š¸É
čošµÎ Á¡¨µ­ª·ŠÁ¡ºÉ°—¼ÂœªÃœo¤‡ªµ¤ÁžÈ œÅžÅ—oĜ„µ¦š¸É˜œo Á®˜»…°Š„µ¦Îµ¦» —…°ŠÁ¡¨µ­ª·Š‹³¤µ‹µ„
„µ¦¨oµ ¡ªnµ‡nµ‡ªµ¤Â…Ȋ¦Š¨oµ…°ŠÁ®¨È„„¨oµšœÂ¦Š—¹Š­¼ŠÁ„¦— AISI 4340 œ´Êœ¤¸‡nµÁ¡¸¥Š 87 MPa
Ž¹ÉŠ ‡µ—ªnµ ˜Îɵ„ªnµ‡nµ‡ªµ¤Á‡oœš¸ÉÁ¡¨µ­ª·Š˜o°ŠÂ„¦´ ‹¹ŠÁ„·—„µ¦Îµ¦» — œªÃœo¤„µ¦ª·˜´ ·°œ´
ÁœºÉ°Š¤µ‹µ„‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ¨oµ‹¹Š¤¸Áž°¦rÁŽÈœ˜r‡ªµ¤ÁžÈ œÅžÅ—o­¼Š…¹Êœ—oª¥“µœ‡ªµ¤‡·—…oµŠ˜oœœ¸Ê‹¹ŠœÎµÅž­¼n
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š´ÊŠ 3
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บรรณานุกรม
กฤษณพงษ เกียรติอนันต. การประเมินอายุความลาของโครงสรางสะพานสมเด็จพระพุทธยอดฟาชวง
Bascule Span. วิทยานิพนธคณะวิศวกรรมศาสตร มหาวิทยาลัยธรรมศาสตร, 2546.
จิตติ บัวพูน, นิรมิต เดชสุภา, ประศาสน สุบรรพวงศ และณรงคฤทธ โทธรัตน “การวิเคราะหการชํารุด
เบื้ องต น ” สงขลา: ภาควิ ช าวิ ศ วกรรมเหมื องแร แ ละวัสดุ คณะวิศวกรรมศาสตร
มหาวิทยาลัยสงขลานครินทร, 2550.
ณรงค ฤ ทธ โทธรั ต น . อิ ท ธิ พ ลการให ค วามร อ นก อ นและหลั ง การเชื่ อ มบริ เ วณผลกระทบจาก
ความร อนตอ อั ต ราการขยายตั ว ของรอยแตกจากความล าของเหล็ ก เกรดเอไอเอส
ไอ 4340. กองโรงงานเหมืองแมเมาะ การไฟฟาฝายผลิตแหงประเทศไทย. การประชุม
วิชาการ เครือขายวิศวกรรมเครื่องกลแหงประเทศไทยครั้งที่ 17 วันที่ 15-17 ตุลาคม
2546 จ. ปราจีนบุร.ี
เดช พุ ท ธเจริ ญ ทอง. การวิ เ คราะห ด ว ยวิ ธี ไ ฟไนต เ อลิ เ มนต . ภาควิ ช าวิ ศ วกรรมเครื่ อ งกล
คณะวิศวกรรมศาสตร มหาวิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีพระจอมเกลาธนบุร,ี 2548.
ธรรมนูญ สีดาคาร และ เกียรติฟา ตั้งใจจิต. “การศึกษารูปรางของบาเพลาที่มีผลตอความแข็งแรง
ของเพลา ลูกหีบ โดยใชระเบียบวิธีไฟไนตเอลิเมนต” วิศวกรรมสาร มข. 34(6):
733-747 พฤศจิกายน-ธันวาคม 2550.
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วันที่ 8/01/53
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88
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102
„µ¦ª·Á‡¦µ³®r„µ¦™—™°¥ (Regression analysis) ÁžÈ œª·›¸„µ¦šµŠ­™·˜·š¸ÉčoĜ„µ¦
ª·Á‡¦µ³®r…°o ¤¼¨Â¨³­¦oµŠ‡ªµ¤­´¤¡´œ›r…°Š˜´ªÂž¦š¸ÉÄ®o‡ªµ¤­œÄ‹Á¡ºÉ°š¸É‹³šÎµœµ¥Â¨³ž¦³¤µ–‡nµ
œªÃœo¤…°Š…o°¤¼¨ª·›¸„µ¦š¸Éœ·¥¤¤µ„š¸É­»—‡º°„µ¦ž¦³¤µ–‡nµ—oª¥ª·›¸„µÎ ¨´Š­°Šœo°¥š¸É­»— (Least square
method) —´Š˜´ª°¥nµŠ„µ¦ª·Á‡¦µ³®r—Š´ œ¸Ê
Œ.1 „µ¦®µ­¤„µ¦°µ¥»‡ªµ¤Á‡o œ¨o µ
­¤„µ¦„µ¦ª·Á‡¦µ³®r®µ°µ¥»…°Šª´­—»š¸É¦´‡ªµ¤Á‡oœ¨oµÃ—¥š´ªÉ Ş‹³Äo­¤„µ¦…°ŠBasquin Ĝ
„µ¦ª·Á‡¦µ³®r
V R = A 1 BR
(Œ.1)
Ä­n log š´ÊŠ­°Š—oµœ­¤„µ¦(Œ.1)
logV R = log $ % log1 R (Œ.2)
Ž¹ÉŠ‡º°­¤„µ¦Á­oœ˜¦ŠÄœ„¦µ¢¨°„-¨°„µ¦¹ š¹¤nªŠš¸É2 …°Š„µ¦Á˜·Ã˜Ž¹É ŠÁ…¸¥œÄ®¤nŗo×¥„ε®œ—˜´ª
ž¦Ä®¤n—Š´ œ¸Ê
Y = aX + b
Á¤ºÉ°
Y = log V R
a=B
b = log A
¨³‡nµa ¨³b š¸ÉšµÎ Ä®o¤¸‡ªµ¤Ÿ·—¡¨µ—„ε¨´Š­°Šœo°¥š¸É­»—…°Š…o°¤¼¨n ‡º°
(Œ.3)
103
a=
(σ ‫() ݅ ݔ‬σ ‫) ݅ ݕ‬
݊
2
(σ ‫) ݅ ݔ‬
σ ‫݅ ݔ‬2 െ
݊
σ ‫ ݅ݕ ݅ݔ‬െ
(Œ.4)
ഥ aX
ഥ
b=Y
(Œ.5)
…o°¤¼¨Â¨³Ÿ¨„µ¦„¦³´…o°¤¼¨„µ¦š—­°‡ªµ¤Â…Ȋ¦Š¨oµ…°Š·Êœš—­°—´Š˜n°Åžœ¸Ê
˜µ¦µŠŒ.1 ­—Š„µ¦„¦³´…o°¤¼¨„µ¦š—­°‡ªµ¤¨oµ…°ŠÁ®¨È„„¨oµŸ­¤˜ÎɵšœÂ¦Š—¹Š­¼ Š AISI 4340
AISI4340
n=4
sum
life
x
435,609
85,546
13,025
11,831
stress
y
400
600
700
800
x~=logx
y~=logy
(x~)2
(y~)2
(x~y~)
5.639097 2.60206 31.79941 6.770716 14.67327
4.9322 2.778151 24.32659 7.718124 13.7024
4.114778 2.845098 16.9314 8.094583 11.70695
4.073021 2.90309
16.5895 8.427931 11.82435
546011
2500
18.7591
11.1284
89.64691 31.01135 51.90696
a = 903.2
b = -0.16919
ŗo­¤„µ¦ (Œ.6) ­Îµ®¦´šÎµœµ¥°µ¥»„µ¦ÄoŠµœ…°ŠÁ¡¨µ­ª·ŠÁœºÊ°Á®¨È„„¨oµŸ­¤˜ÎɵšœÂ¦Š—¹Š­¼ ŠAISI
4340 —´ŠÂ­—Š
1
logV log 903.2 1 10 0.16919
(Œ.6)
104
Alternating Stress(MPa)
Curve Fitting AISI 4340
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
y = 3763.3x-0.169
R² = 0.9372
1,000
10,000
100,000
1,000,000
Loading Cycle (N)
¦¼ ž Œ.1 S-N Curve …°ŠÁ®¨È„„¨oµšœÂ¦Š—¹Š­¼ ŠAISI 4340 š¸ÉŸµn œ„µ¦„¦³´…o°¤¼¨Â¨oª
˜µ¦µŠŒ.2 ­—Š„µ¦„¦³´…o°¤¼¨„µ¦š—­°‡ªµ¤¨oµ…°Š·Êœš—­°ÁœºÊ°ÁºÉ°¤Å­o¢¨´„Žr
FCAW
n=7
sum
life
x
6,713,160
1,467,630
804,931
105,401
216,760
51,210
1,710
stress
y
300
350
400
500
600
700
800
x~=logx
6.826927
6.166617
5.905759
5.022845
5.335979
4.709355
3.232996
y~=logy
2.477121
2.544068
2.60206
2.69897
2.778151
2.845098
2.90309
(x~)2
46.60693
38.02716
34.87799
25.22897
28.47267
22.17802
10.45226
(y~)2
6.13613
6.472282
6.770716
7.284439
7.718124
8.094583
8.427931
(x~y~)
16.91113
15.68829
15.36714
13.55651
14.82416
13.39858
9.385679
9,360,802
3,650
37
19
206
51
99
a = 560.9
b = -0.12721
105
ŗo­¤„µ¦ (Œ.7) ­Îµ®¦´šÎµœµ¥°µ¥»„µ¦ÄoŠµœ…°ŠÁ¡¨µ­ª·ŠÁœºÊ°Á®¨È„„¨oµŸ­¤˜ÎɵšœÂ¦Š—¹Š­¼ ŠAISI
4340 ÁºÉ°¤¡°„—oª¥ÁœºÊ°ÁºÉ°¤Å­o¢¨´„Žr —Š´ ­—Š
1 10
1
logV log 560.9 0.12721
(Œ.7)
Alternating Stress(MPa)
Curve Fitting FCAW
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
y = 2337.1x-0.127
R² = 0.8696
1,000
10,000
100,000
1,000,000
Loading Cycle(N)
¦¼ ž Œ.2 S-N Curve …°ŠÁœºÊ°ÁºÉ°¤Å­o¢¨´„Žrš¸ÉŸµn œ„µ¦„¦³´…o°¤¼¨Â¨oª
˜µ¦µŠŒ.3 ­—Š„µ¦„¦³´…o°¤¼¨„µ¦š—­°‡ªµ¤¨oµ…°Š·Êœš—­°ÁœºÊ°ÁºÉ°¤Â¤„
MAG
n=4
sum
life
x
1,582,570
202,039
39,854
3,663
1,828,126
stress
y
350
400
500
600
x~=logx
y~=logy
(x~)2
(y~)2
(x~y~)
6.199363 2.544068 38.4321 6.472282 15.7716
5.305435 2.60206 28.14764 6.770716 13.80506
4.600472 2.69897 21.16434 7.284439 12.41654
3.563837 2.778151 12.70093 7.718124 9.900878
1850 19.66911 10.62325
100.445 28.24556 51.89408
106
a = 308.4
b = -0.09214
ŗo­¤„µ¦ (Œ.8) ­Îµ®¦´šÎµœµ¥°µ¥»„µ¦ÄoŠµœ…°ŠÁ¡¨µ­ª·ŠÁœºÊ°Á®¨È„„¨oµŸ­¤˜ÎɵšœÂ¦Š—¹Š­¼ ŠAISI
4340 ÁºÉ°¤¡°„—oª¥ÁœºÊ°ÁºÉ°¤Â¤„—´ŠÂ­—Š
1
logV log 308.4 (Œ.8)
1 10 0.09214
Curve Fitting MAG
700
Alternating Stress(MPa)
600
500
400
y = 1285x-0.092
R² = 0.9825
300
200
100
0
1,000
10,000
100,000
1,000,000
10,000,000
Loading Cycle(N)
¦¼ ž Œ.3 S-N Curve …°ŠÁœºÊ°ÁºÉ°¤Â¤„ š¸ÉŸµn œ„µ¦„¦³´…o°¤¼¨Â¨oª
107
˜µ¦µŠŒ.4 ­—Š„µ¦„¦³´…o°¤¼¨„µ¦š—­°‡ªµ¤¨oµ…°Š·Êœš—­°ÁœºÊ°ÁºÉ°¤®» ¤o ¢¨´„Žr
SMAW
n=5
sum
life
x
1,166,063
203,481
86,168
52,474
4,270
stress
y
350
400
500
600
700
1,512,456
x~=logx
y~=logy
(x~)2
(y~)2
(x~y~)
6.066722 2.544068 36.80512 6.472282 15.43415
5.308524 2.60206 28.18043 6.770716 13.8131
4.935346 2.69897 24.35764 7.284439 13.32035
4.719944 2.778151 22.27787 7.718124 13.11272
3.630428 2.845098 13.18001 8.094583 10.32892
2550 24.66096 13.46835 124.8011 36.34014 66.00924
a = 532.7 ¨³b = -0.13232
ŗo­¤„µ¦ (Œ.8) ­Îµ®¦´šÎµœµ¥°µ¥»„µ¦ÄoŠµœ…°ŠÁ¡¨µ­ª·ŠÁœºÊ°Á®¨È„„¨oµŸ­¤˜ÎɵšœÂ¦Š—¹Š­¼ ŠAISI
4340 ÁºÉ°¤¡°„—oª¥ÁœºÊ°ÁºÉ°¤Â¤„—´ŠÂ­—Š
1
logV log 308.4 (Œ.8)
1 10 0.09214
Alternating Stress(MPa)
Curve Fitting SMAW
800
600
y = 2219.7x-0.132
R² = 0.9114
400
200
0
1,000
10,000
100,000
1,000,000
Loading Cycle(N)
¦¼ ž Œ.4 S-N Curve …°ŠÁœºÊ°ÁºÉ°¤®» ¤o ¢¨´„Žrš¸ÉŸµn œ„µ¦„¦³´…o°¤¼¨Â¨oª
108
£µ‡Ÿœª„ 
…´Êœ˜°œ„µ¦®µÂ¢„Á˜°¦r ž¦´ž¦» Š‡nµ‡ªµ¤¨oµ
109
¢„Á˜°¦r ž¦´ž¦» Š‡nµ‡ªµ¤Â…Ȋ¦Š¨oµ˜µ¤Marine equation Se
x
Ka ‡º°Â¢„Á˜°¦rž¦´ž¦» ŠŸ·ª®µÅ—o‹µ„­¤„µ¦
K a Kb Kc K d Ke K f Se ' ÁžÈ œ—´Š˜n°Åžœ¸Ê
asutb
Ka
Surface
finish
Factor a
S kpsi
Factor a
S MPa
Exponent
b
Ground
1.34
1.58
-0.085
Machine or cold-drawn
2.70
4.51
-0.265
Hot-rolled
14.4
57.7
-0.718
Asforged
39.9
272
-0.995
ut
ut
—´Šœ´Êœ K a = 4.51(1044)-0.265 = 0.715
x
Kb ‡º°Â¢„Á˜°¦rž¦´ž¦» Š…œµ— ®µÅ—o‹µ„­¤„µ¦
Kb
d/0.3)í0.107 = 0.879dí0.107
0.91dí0.157
(d/7.62)í0.107 = 1.24dí0.107
1.51dí0.157
—´Šœ´ÊœKb = 1.51(203.3)-0.157 = 0.655
Kb
1.51 d
-0.157
0.11 ” d ” 2 in
2 < d ” 10 in
2.79 ” d ” 51 mm
51 < d ” 254 mm
110
Kc ‡º°Â¢„Á˜°¦rž¦´ž¦» Š£µ¦³Ã®¨— Ĝš¸ÉœÊ ¸Äo‡nµ0.59
x
Kc
1
0.85
0.59
bending
axial
torsion
Kd ‡º°Â¢„Á˜°¦rž¦´ž¦» Š°»–®£¼¤·ÄoŠµœ ®µÅ—o‹µ„­¤„µ¦Kd=SR/SRT Ĝš¸ÉœÊ ¸Å—o‡nµ
x
ÁžÈ œ1
Kd
Temperature (C0)
20
50
SR/SRT
1
1.01
Ke ‡º°Â¢„Á˜°¦r ‡ªµ¤œnµÁºÉ°™º° ®µÅ—o‹µ„­¤„µ¦Ke=1-0.08 zD Ĝš¸ÉœÊ ¸Å—o‡nµÁžÈ œ
x
0.868
Reliability %
50
90
95
99
100
Tranformation Variate
0
1.288
1.645
2.326
3.091
zD
Reliability factor Ke
1.000
0.897
0.868
0.814
0.763
111
—´Šœ´ÊœK¦ª¤= . a u . b u . c u . d u . e
0.715 u 0.655 u 0.59 u 1u 0.868
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