Chapter 4 Section 3: Imperial Rome, 14 to 180 A.D.

Chapter 4: The Roman Empire
Section 3: Imperial Rome, 14 to
180 A.D.
By Dallin Hardy

Early Roman Empire

14-180 A.D.

Imperator


Emperor
Title given to the rulers of
Rome who followed

Augustus
The Emperors

Tiberius


14-37 A.D.
Stepson of Augustus

Caligula


37-41 A.D.
Assassinated

“Let them hate me, so long
as they fear me.”
 Caligula

Claudius



41-54 A.D.
Conquered Britain
Poisoned by his wife

Agrippina

Nero




54-68 A.D.
Claudius’ stepson
Last of the Julian dynasty
First emperor to persecute

Christians

Great Fire of Rome




64 A.D.
5 Days
1/3rd of Rome was
destroyed
Nero blamed

Christians

Death of Nero

Suicide

“What an artist the world is
losing in me”

Nero

Year of the Four Emperors

69 A.D.

Vespasian

69-79 A.D.

Titus


79-81 A.D.
General

Eruption of Mt. Vesuvius


79 A.D.
Pompeii

Domitian



81-96 A.D.
Persecuted Christians
Murdered

By Praetorian guard

“The Five Good Emperors”

Term originated by

Nicollo Machiavelli



1503
Renaissance political
philosopher
Referred to





Nerva
Trajan
Hadrian
Antoninus Pius
Marcus Aurelius

Nerva

96-98 A.D.

Trajan


98-117 A.D.
Expanded Roman rule




Romania
Mesopotamia
Sinai Peninsula
Rome’s

Greatest territorial extent

Trajan’s Building Projects

Reshaped

City of Rome

Trajan’s Column



113 A.D.
Dacian Wars
98 Feet tall

Hadrian


117-138 A.D.
Strengthened




Rhine
Danube
Codified Roman law
Loved

Greek culture

Antoninus Pius


138-161 A.D.
Refused to spend taxes
on


Used his personal money


Welfare
For charity
Non-interventionist
foreign policy

Marcus Aurelius



161-180 A.D.
Stoic Philosopher
Wrote

Meditations

Imperial Senate


Hollow institution
Provided illusion of


Constitutional government
Emperor

Had absolute rule
The Administration of the
Empire

Spread of Romanitas


“Roma-ness”
Latin


Greek


Western part
Eastern part
Mixed with Greek culture

Greco-Roman

Roman Roads



Maintained control
Communication
Unified

Rome

Roman Cities

Similar layouts

Roman Citizenship


212 A.D.
Given to every free
inhabitant of the

Roman Empire

Destruction of Jerusalem


70 A.D.
By Rome

Roman Foreign Policy

Hadrian’s Wall




122 A.D.
73 Miles long
Northern Britain
To keep out the


Picts
Scots

Roman Britannia

43-410 A.D.

Celts

Ancient Britons

Celtic Mythology

Druid

Celtic priest

Stonehenge



2,000 B.C.
Wiltshire, England
Burial ground

Roman Invasion of Britannia


43 A.D.
Emperor Claudius

Britannia

43 A.D. to 410 A.D.

Boudica


-61 A.D.
Queen of


East Anglia, England
Led uprisings against the

Roman Empire

Bath

St. George




275-303
Patron Saint of England
Roman Soldier
George and the Dragon
Women of the Upper Classes
Life in Imperial
Rome

Rome

Center of the ancient
empire

Roman Forum

City center

Living Conditions



Crowded
Noisy
Dangerous

Temples

Baths

Theaters

Amphitheaters

Roman Trade
The Culture of the Early Empire

Roman architecture

Greek



Added




Colonnades
Rectangular buildings
Arch
Vault
Dome
First to use concrete on a
massive scale

Colosseum


80 A.D.
Great works of Roman



Architecture
Engineering
Could seat

50,000 people

Pantheon



126 A.D.
By Hadrian
Temple to


Gods of ancient Rome
Later

Converted into a

Christian Church

Hadrian’s Tomb



139 A.D.
Mausaleum
Later became

Fortress castle for

Popes

Roman Arch



Stable
Less material
Keystone

Triumphal Arches

Triumph

Bridges

Aqueducts

Provided cities with

Water

Modern Greco-Roman
Architecture

Neoclassical

Gladiatorial Games

Competitions



Armed combatants
For entertainment
Gladiators


Slaves
Criminals

Roman Welfare State

Free

Food




Grain
Oil
Wine
Entertainment


Gladiatorial games
Chariot races

“Bread and Circuses”

Juvenal

Panem et Circenses

Common people


Rather than care about
their freedom
Distract themselves with
entertainment

“The people that once
bestowed commands,
consulships, legions, and
all else, now concerns
itself no more, and longs
eagerly for just two
things - bread and
circuses”

Juvenal

Destruction of the Empire





Increasing bureaucracy
Expensive wars
Invading barbarians
Higher taxes
Debasement of coinage

Inflation