see it here - Ridge to Reefs

Transcription

LA P A R G U E R A
GREEN I N F R A S T R U C T U R E M A S T E R
PLAN
December 2012 LA PARGUERA GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE
MASTER PLAN
SUMMARY
PREPARED BY
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE
J.J. TERRASA
M. BINGEN
L. LUGO
RIDGE TO REEFS
P. STURM
PROTECTORES DE CUENCAS
R.VIQUEIRA
CENTER FOR WATERSHED PROTECTION
K.LINDOW
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
05
GUIDING PRINCIPLES
08
SW PUERTO RICO CONTEXT
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16
LA PARGUERA WATERSHED
19
LA PARGUERA TODAY
15
ANALYSIS
22
3 SITES 3 INTERVENTIONS 1 WORKING LANDSCAPE 25
EXAMPLE PROJECTS 33
THE NEED FOR RESILIANCE CORAL REEFS
36
GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLAN RECOMMENDATIONS
37
CONCLUSION
38
APPENDICES 39
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PROJECT DESCRIPTION
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SITE
PROJECT
La Parguera, a coastal town of 26,000 people, a n d is home to some of the h i s t o r i c a l l y m o s t diverse
a n d e x t e n s i v e c o r a l r e e f a s s e m b l a g e s in Puerto Rico (PR). The La Parguera reef system
contains significant stands of both Acropora palmata and A. cervicornis, species listed as threatened under
the Endangered Species Act. Acropora palmata is known to be particularly sensitive to sedimentation
affecting both reproduction and growth rates. It is also sensitive to human bacteria know to result in Whitepox
disease. Parguera entertains a thriving tourism industry with snorkeling, driving and a bioluminescent bay,
and receives around 100,000 visitors annually. However, stormwater runoff from the hillside town and streets
flows directly into the tidal waters and mangroves carrying high levels of pollutants that are damaging the
nearshore coral reefs. NOAA NCCOS has monitored high PAH (Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons -- many of
which are toxic and carcinogenic compounds associated with combustion of fossil fuels) levels and heavy
metals in the near shore sediments and the data shows a clear signal and plume from the town and its
impervious surfaces (Figure 1). Further analysis has determined that automobiles, as opposed to boats
engines are the primary source of these PAHs, implying that stormwater runoff from the heavily developed
town is the main contributor of this pollutant (Pait et. al., 2007). This stormwater runoff also carries significant
loads of nitrogen, sediment and bacteria as well as other pollutants harmful to coral reefs (La Pointe, 1998)
(Ramirez, per comm). A recent study by Ramos (2006) a l s o indicated that unpaved roads and disturbed
soils from development or d i r t roads on the La Parguera hillside are significant sources of sediment in
stormwater runoff.!
This project proposes to address land based sources of pollution (LBS) by creating a green infrastructure plan
that consists of a set of actions and conceptual retrofit designs for best management practices (BMPs) to
address stormwater runoff at specific discharge points to capture and treat or filter stormwater before it enters
the tidal waters and nearshore coral environment. This plan will serve as a road map for the future
implementation of key projects to decrease nutrient, sediment and other pollutants in La Parguera, ultimately
improving the quality of the receiving tidal waters and coral reef areas. Our multi-disciplinary team of engineers,
ecologists and landscape architects has identified key project interventions to improve conditions in the near shore
environment and have adapted these to the local conditions in La Parguera. The retrofit BMP designs for La
Parguera would use native materials and plants and incorporate local community input and engagement,
university landscape architects and the engineering community in order to bring the projects to fruition.
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Figure 1. Interpreted concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the nearshore sediments (red=high, blue=low). Green dots represent areas with high coral diversity (top 25%) –
Note very few high diversity locations within the red interpolated area. Source: NOAA CCMA (Pait et. al., 2007)
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PROJECT DESCRIPTION
MASTER PLAN
The Master Plan is a framework to guide the implementation of the green infrastructure p l a n with a coherent
language. With this Master Plan, we propose a series of physical and landscape strategies to: overcome physical
and ecological fragmentation; enhance the existing sense of place where green infrastructure meets public
space; enhance the natural resources and to promote ecological resilience, restoration and improvement of near
shore habitats including mangroves, sea grass beds and coral reefs.
This document is organized to provide the information in a traditional landscape architectural way – making use of
pictorial and sketches and includes descriptions of typical interventions, detail on three representative projects, and
provides details and anticipated costs and benefits of restoration practices.
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• G R E E N INFRASTRUCTURE PLAN, LA PARGUERA LAJAS PR
MASTER PLAN FOR WATER MANAGEMENT •
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BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTI CES
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L I T Y IMPROVEMENT
GUIDING PRINCIPLES I BMP
T his pr ojec t pr opos es t o addr es s land bas ed s our c es of pollut ion by r et r of it ing des igns f or best m anagement pr ac t ic es (BMPs) at s pec if ic dis c har ge point s and s edim ent s our c e ar eas in or der t o c apt ur e and
t reat s t or m wat er and s edim ent bef ore it ent ers t he t idal wat ers and near s hor e c or al env ir onm ent .
W et land Rest orat ion O ut Falls: F ore bays
Rain G ardens
for t he t reat ment of cont aminat ed or nut rient -enriched wast ewat er; receive discharges from st orm wat er collect ion syst ems and ot her outfalls; make use of nat ural wet land processes: plant s, soil, and associat ed microorganisms; r educ e f low velocit y, capt ure suspended sediment s, and adsorb cont aminant s; t he cost is proport ional t o
t he number and sizes of t reat ment cells required ($35, 000 t o $150, 000 per acre f or const ruct ed t reat ment wet lands or about 50%, to 90% less t han convent ional t reat ment t echniques).
is an excavat ed shallow surf ace depression plant ed wit h specially select ed nat ive veget at ion to t reat and capt ure
runof f and t ypically underlain by a sand or gravel inf ilt rat ion bed. B es t suit ed for areas wit h at least moderat e permeabilit y = more t han an inch/ hour. Cost 5 — 7 dollars per cubic foot. S ur f ac e area is dependent upon st orage
volume requirement s but should nor exceed a maximum loading rat io of 5:1. W at er accumulat ion dept h should
not exceed 6 inches and should empt y wit hin 48 hours.
Veget at ed Swales
F ilt ering Pract ices
are open, s hallow channels wit h t hick veget at ion covering t he side slopes and bot t om t hat collect and s lowly
convey runof f to downst ream discharge point s. B es t suit ed f or resident ial, indust rial, and commercial areas wit h
low f low and smaller populat ions f easibilit y of inst alling depends on t he area, slope, and t he cont ribut ing wat ershed. Limit at ions: impract ical in areas wit h very flat grades, st eep t opography, or wet or poorly drained soils.
Capt ure and store, t emporarily, t he wat er qualit y volume and pass it t hrough a f ilt er bed of sand, organic matter,
soil or ot her media. A r e generally applied to land uses wit h a high percent age of impervious surfaces. S edim ent
should be cleaned out when it accumulat es to a dept h of 6' or more.
Rain W at er Harvest ing
Wet Ponds
combinat ion of a permanent pool, ext ended det ent ion or shallow marsh equivalent to the ent ire WC)v; A sediment
f ore-bay is import ant f or maint enance and longevit y of a st orm-wat er t reat ment pond. A pond buf f er should be
provided that ext ends 25 feet out ward from t he maximum wat er surf ace elevat ion of t he pond. W oody veget at ion
may not be plant ed or allowed to grow wit hin 15 f eet of the t oe of the embankment
is t he capt ure, diversion, and st orage of rainwat er for a num ber of dif f erent purposes: is pract ical only when t he
volume and f requency of rainf all and size of the cat chment surf ace can generat e suf f icient wat er for the int ended
purpose.
Permeable Pavement
allows r ainwat er t o inf ilt rat e t hr ough it , t o be f ilt ered and r ec har ged int o t he gr ound as groundwat er. $ 7 $15/ square foot, including underground inf ilt rat ion bed. C a n reduce overall project cost by eliminat ing t he need
for t radit ional st orm-wat er inf rast ruct ure. I deally sit uat ed on s hallow slopes above soils wit h permeabilit y rat es
great er t han 0. 25 inches/ hour.
TYPICAL PRO VISIO NS F O R ST O RMWAT ER WET L A N D
(CONSTRUCTED WETLAND)
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Stormwater wet lands (a.k.a. constructed
wet lands) are structural practices similar to wet ponds (see Wet Ponds Fact Sheet) that incorporat e wet land
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plants in a shallow pool. As stormwater
runoff f lows through the wet land, pollut ant removal is achieved by settling and biological upt ake within the practice.
Wetlands are among the mostVeffective stormwater practices in terms of pollutant removal,
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and also offer aesthetic value. W hile natural wet lands can
sometimes be used to treat stormwater
runoff that has been properly pretreated, stormwater
wet lands are f undament ally different from nat ural wet land
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systems. St ormwat er wet lands are designed specif ically for the purpose of treating stormwater runoff, and typically have less biodiversit y than nat ural wetp
1 stormwater wetland, each design differing in the relat ive amount s of
lands both in terms of plant and animal life. T here are several design variat ions of the
shallow and deep water, and v
dry storage above the wetland.
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BIOSWALE (VEGETATED SWALE)
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TYPICAL PROVISIONS F O R G REEN ST REET BIORETENTION
SITES: D6, D8, Fl
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RAINGARDENS
SITES: BI, Dl_A, Dl_B, D3, D4, D5, D7, El, E200, E201,
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TYPICAL PROVISIONS FOR FILTERING PRACTICES (SAND
FILTERS)
SITES:83, Di, E200
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TYPICAL PROVISIONS FOR RAINWATER HARVESTING
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TYPICAL PR O VISIO N S F O R PER MEA B L E PA VEMEN T
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SITES: El, E201, E6, E7
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PUERTO RICO WATERSHED AND WATERBODIES
• Co a s t Town La Parguera
Cuenca Ri o Guanajibo
LA PARGUERA CONTEXT FOR SOUTH WEST PUERTO RICO
DIRECT DRAINAGE WATERSHEDS
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LA PARGUERA SUB-WATERSHED
LA PARGUERA TODAY
La Parguera is a coast al t own of 26. 000 people and a hub for t ourism all year round increasing t he amount of pollut ant s t hat reach t he coast al wat er. E v en t hough t his project f ocuses on t he reduct ion of st ormwat er runof f we
ident if ied several def iciencies: lack of coherent connect ion, f ragment ed ecosyst em and inf rast ruct ure and lack of
ident it y, porr qualit y of public space.
We believe t hat well designed green inf rast ruct ure can cont ribut e to solve t his challenges t hus t urning t he inf rast ruct ure int o space, int o public space. T heref ore the use of green inf rast ruct ure, f or enhancing wat er qualit y and
reducing st romwat er runof f among ot her benef it s, can become an agent for addressing social and economic concerns.
LA PARGU ERA TODAY I SITE INVENTORY
LA PARGU ERA TODAY I SITE INVENTORY
UNDEVELO PED T ERRAI N.
EXPOSED SO I LS.
RO AD-W AYS.
EXISTING BUI LDI NG S.
PARKI NG AREAS.
O
U
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F ALLS.
ANALYSIS
9
In the process of analysis we
put together layers of information to identify the tensions
and problems in La Parguera.
The tensions and problems
identified were lack of coherent connection, fragmented
ecosystem and infrastructure
and lack of identity. W i t h
these significant tensions we
pin pointed the subwatershed
with the greatest tension and
the first areas to implement
the green infrastructure.
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STORMWATER FLOW. biARDSCAPE.
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ANALYSIS
Sob-WatershedAnalysts
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3 SITES 3 INTERVENTIONS I WORKING LANDSCAPE
SIT ES F O R IN IT IA L W A T ER MA N A G EMEN T A N D Q U A L IT Y IM PR O VEM EN T S
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SITE D3 + D8 I GREEN STREET BIO-RETENTION
SITE D3 + D8 I GREEN STREET BIO-RETENTION
Sit e 0 3 • 0 8
Greens treet Bio-ret ent ron
Pr e lim in a r y m a t e r ia ls :
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Pr e lim in a r y p la n t s if e x is t in g p a lm s
are re mo v e d :
• Conoc arpos erec tus - ma n g le !seem
• Su c k la buc eros - s ear
• Pe n is e lt u m - v ariet y
• Sa n s o m f ia s v a n e t y
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Pr e lim in a r y m a t e r ia ls :
• g ra v e l
• t o p s o il
• lime s t o n e - v a rie t y
• p e rme g le pav ement t or s elec t ed areas
r e m a in :
• Ch o rs o b a la n u s le a v e - loav es
• Po n is e f lu m - v ariet y
• So n s e v ie d a s - v ariet y
SITE E200: SAND FILTER
SITE E200: SAND FILTER
Sit e ESSO
Sandfiher bet ween plaz a and b u ild in g
Sit e f igge
Pla z a and Kio s k s
Plaz a
runoff from pla za
could be directed
to ex is ting planter
Suggested grease trap
Kios k s
Pr e lim in a r y M a t e r ia ls f o r
e x is t in g p la n t e r .
• lime s t o n e roc k s - dif f erent s iz es
Pr e lim in a r y ma t e ria ls :
• lime s t o n e rocks - different s iz es
• grav el
• s and
• grav el
• s and
• t o p s o il
in t s o n e x t e 6 5 , f e p t g a t e . Vx Ze s
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are re mo v e d :
•Sucida buceras - Scar
• He rb a c e o u s plant that will h e lp ev aporat ion
SITE E3 + E5: MANGROVE RESTORATION + FORE BAY
SITE E3 + E5: MANGROVE RESTORATION + FORE BAY
Mangrove Distribution According to
Distance from Sea to Land
Roadside, Parking Area and
Mangrove Entrance Trees
Rhizophora mangle - Red mangrove
GROWING HABI T - Perennial
tree, Evergreen. Dist inguished
by its erect and aerial roots that
forms a dense brush. F or m s
pure colonies when i n direct
contact with sea in quiet coasts.
Reaches heights of 10 meters or
more and 30 cm in diameter or
more.
HABITAT- Common i n m angrove swamps around coast al
areas, near river mouths. P r ovides shelt er and nest ing f or
aquatic birds. E s t uar ine systems.
Thespeso populnea- Emataguilla (Port ia tree, Spanish cork,
Otaheita)
GROWING HABIT- Shrub/tree
of coastal woods, up to 30 feet
high. T runk of 20 cm diameter;
dense crown.
HABITAT- Coast al woods and
SITE E3 + E5
Sit e ES • ES
M a n g r o v e Re a r d r a t iO n a n d F o r e b a y G e n e r a l Pla n t Pa le t t e
-
- • Conoc argua erectus • Button Mangrov e
R
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- M• Creat e t rans it ion from road to modriat
, O
• Des ignat e s mall park ing areas
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i • gleas c es M r a g g e e
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Dr iv e wa y Ent ranc es
e • gammas allac eas - & n e m .
g • rees pos m nomanea - Ema t a g g illa
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t Mangrove Restorati on
• Lagenc elage r a c e m e . - Wh it e Mangrov e
i • I lamennie geranin ans - Blac k Mangrov e
o la b ro p h o re mangle - Red Mangrov e
n
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• Creat e t rans it ions in depth of rorehay to a llo w
the g ro wt h on different s pec ies
• Creat e t rans ilion from road to mudirlat
Avicennia germ/ nays - Black
mangrove
Evergreen tree. S t em s up t o
30cm of diameter, 1 6 meters
long. M o r e salt tolerant t han
other mangrove species.
HABITAT- Coastal lagoons and
swamps, es t uar ine syst ems.
Provides nesting and shelter of
wildlife.
Hibiscus pernambucensis - Emajagua
GROWING HABI T - Shr ub o r
tree: t o 15 m tall.
HABITAT- In brackish swamps
and inner margins of mangrove,
ascending to t he humid mountains.
Laguncularia racemosa- W hit e
mangrove
GROWING HABIT- Evergreen
tree, reaches up t o 20 meters
high, p r o d u c e s pneum at ophores.
HABITAT- Mangrove swamps in
coastal areas. Provides shelter
for wildlife.
Conocarpus erect us • But t on
mangrove
GROWING HABIT- Evergreen
tree: generally up to 3-5 meters
high but it can reach 20 meters.
HABITAT- Mangrove swamp forests and sometimes on rocky
and sandy shores. E s t uar ine
systems, P r ov ides shelt er f or
wildlife.
Stahlia monospenna - Cobana
negra
GROWING HABI T - Perennial
tree. Evergreen. St ems up to
20 meters high.
HABITAT- Coast al woodlands
and bor der s o f mangroves.
Threatened with extinction.
EXAMPLE PROJECTS
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G. W . BUS H P RE S IDE NTIAL CE NTE R
DALLAS , TX (2008—ONGOING)E
MICHAE L VAN V ALKE NBURGH AS S OC.
RESUSCITATING THE FEZ RIVER
PR OC ED U R ES FOR N EW PU BL IC SPAC ES IN TH E MED IN A OF F EZ
recycled leather canopy
EXAMPLE PROJE
s ite 021 AN D AL O U S BAN K PL AYGR OU N D
cable support system
storm water retention
wetland
, 2 . 0 0 m 0 . 0 0 m 1 .5 0 n 1
VARIES
1.00m , 1.00m
benches
Ut iliz ing F ez , M o r o c c o a s a c a s e
st udy, we env is ioned a s t r at egic plan
t hat s i m u l t a n e o u s l y r e s t o r e s a n
ur ban r iv er and addr es s es is s ues en-
0 Storm water flow
o
l ' Z a g l e tq l k
r s p
0 W
t
e
0 Groundwater
recharge
r r oi u g
o lV
h
playground using
recycled tires
recycled wood
benches
dem ic t o aging m ediev al f abr ic s s uc h
as t h e s c ar c it y of open s pac e, ov er c r owding, a weak ec onom y , a n d t he
des t r uc t ion of nat ur al r es our c es and
Una pacers
Setting bed
Bridge beyond
plac es of c ult ur al and his t or ic s ignif icance. W e c hor eogr aphed a phas ed
im plem ent at ion s t r a t e g y i n w h i c h
m eas ur es f or enhanc ing wat er qualit y
bec om e bot h t he loc us and agent f or
Pilr ir e U r e t"
25krete retaining
e
g
x
P
o
p
T
r
t
i
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9
addr es s ing s oc ial and ec onom ic c oncerns.
PLAN L EVEL S' PLAYGROUND
PLAN LEVEL +3.5M
,
C A N O P Y
A 2 5 y ear Flo o d L in e
0: Av erage Wat er Lev el
First terrace plant spears
J im a . 1,01 ontus
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VIEW OF PLAYGROUND
Sec md terrace plant species
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Ormenis Data
Siione unlace
A g ro s t . S e i rn a n i l 0 0
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EXAMPLE PROJECTS
GOW ANUS CANAL S P ONGE P ARK, BROOKLY N, NY I DLAND S TUDIO
M T AF G
• Smit
-g t h St E Rec reat ion
L
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Mahon
° O e n
Space
A c
Public Place W a t e r
t
i
• De p o sve d
F
Remedt at on
e
Breed-use
We t la n d s
Development
Wetlands
Park And
0
RD. . . Pe n a l
C Co mmu n t t y
c ent., C u l t u r a l
Passiv eO p e n
Space
D Rec reat ion R e n o v a t e d
OPen Space P E R .
'
E D c t
P ORI
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r
K Do u g la s Green Park
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Park
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Borne Park
h e DIP Store Mouse
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Open Space
Pav rton
Es planade
Spent End Sponge Park
Coat twunch
Water Pernediatton Basins
PO Espla nade Wid th
aoEsplanade Wan
LBS is an actionable approach to minimize climate change impacts to coral
•  quantitative linkage between terrestrially-sourced dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN)
loading and the upper thermal bleaching thresholds of inshore reefs
•  concrete evidence for the belief that improved watershed management/nitrogen
reduction will increase the survival prospects of coral reefs to global climate change
Wooldridge and Done, 2009. Improved water quality can ameliorate effects of climate change on corals. Ecological Applications
Wooldridge, 2009. Water quality and thermal bleaching thresholds. Marine Pollution Bulletin
LA PARGUERA GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLAN RECOMMENDATIONS
Recommendation
Project Description
Project
Partners
Estimated
Project Potential Funding
Costs
Sources
1. Build 14 Stormwater Treatment Treat the major stormwater outflows from La Parguera – utilize existing
Practices throughout the town of public spaces such as un-utilized space in the roadway and on PRASA
La Parguera
land; improve and create park space while addressing runoff
AG Environmental,
NFWF, CRCP, NOAA
PUPR, PRTC,
$560,000 Restoration Center (RC),
RTR, Protectores de
EPA
Cuencas (PC)
2. Construct 6 Ecosystem
Projects that address stormwater runoff by providing treatment and
AG Env, RTR,
$300,000 Gulf of Mexico Foundation
Restoration Based Approaches for attenuation of nutrients and other pollutants as well as creating habitat for PRTC, PC, NOAA
NOAA CRCP, NOAA RC
Mangrove Restoration
juvenile fishes and invertebrates.
3. Re-establish vegetation on areas Approximately 10 areas exist where a sizeable amount of soil is exposed PC, RTR, NRCS
$100,000 NOAA, NFWF, NRCS
with exposed soil
to rain events – Use hydroseed with PAM polymers to stabilize these areas Edwin Mas
(adapt a seedmix and seasonal planting strategy to provide permanent restabilization of these areas)
4. Conduct Education and Outreach Work to incorporate watershed information into school curricula, and
PC, NOAA, School $50,000 NOAA CRCP , NFWF,
activities targeted to school groups, involve the schools in planting projects.
system, PUPR
DNER
5. Increase environmental
Educate area merchants on the importance of pollution control (oil and
Interamerican Univ
$25,000 EPA Pollution Prevention
awareness among local businesses grease, detergents) and work to incentivize “green” businesses through
(IU), PRTC,
Funds
and visitors to the town
increased advertisement to tourists
NOAA,
6. Improve development and
Adopt green infrastructure stormwater practices at new development sites. Municipality of
$20,000 NOAA Restoration
sediment control practices within Enforce erosion and sediment control laws – require rapid stabilization
Lajas, PC, RTR
Coordination Funding
La Parguera and surrounding areas and advanced methods for stabilize soils such as hydroseeding and PAMs
especially during dry season. Limit hillside clearing and establish
enforceable regulations at the local and Commonwealth level to reduce
unpermitted road building and clearing.
7. Monitor implemented restoration Especially during initial implementation efforts to determine effectiveness IU, UPR-Isla
$50,000 NOAA CRCP
projects
of intervention strategies
Magueyes
8. Isolate and remediate sources of Conduct outfall and near shore sampling to identify problem areas and to PC, RTR, EPA, IU, $100,000 NFWF, EQB
sewage and washwater pollution target remediation efforts
PRASA, EPA, EQB
9. Improve sewage infrastructure Consider the installation of grinder pumps and improve plumbing
PRASA, Health
$100,000 PRASA, Federal
which leaks and contaminates
connections – determine and abate areas of infiltration of sea water and
Department, EPA
Infrastructure Funds
surface waters
exfiltration of sewage – prepare areas for climate change and sea level rise
10. Removal of the PRASA
Existing PRASA wastewater ponds were designed to exfiltrate water into PRASA, EPA
$200,000** PRASA (appears to be a
wastewater ponds
the nearby Caribbean Sea – elevated nutrients and other contaminants are
requirement that EPA has
seen at this location -as a result removal and remediation of these ponds
placed on PRASA)
are recommended
Total
$1.2M*
*Note: Partial funding has been received by NFWF, GOMF, NOAA CRCP and **Partial/Projects are sponsored by EPA/PRASA
!
!
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!
!
!
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!
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!
CONCLUSION
La Parguera’s unique location, character, diverse ecological values and one of kind natural attractions will
continue to draw and captivate the public. For these and many other reasons we believe in the protection of
the ecological habitat through the use of different alternatives among them green infrastructure. Therefore, this
Master Plan is a vision that describes and identifies the key challenges, opportunities and the possible solutions
to enable the established objectives. With correct management and enhancement La Parguera has the
opportunity to continue to captivate its visitors and residents while protecting most vital attributes – its
mangroves, sea grass beds, coral reefs, healthy and safe water quality and aesthetic beauty.
APPENDICES
Appendix 1. Priority Pollutants in the La Parguera Subwatershed
Appendix 2. Prioritization of Restoration Sites Appendix 3. Nutrient and Sediment Load Reduction Estimates Priority Pollutants in the La Parguera Subwatershed Pollutant Impacts Sources Nitrogen, Phosphorus Eutrophica5on, algae growth, enrichment beyond tolerance of coral reefs. Wastewater, fer5lizers, stormwater runoff, atmospheric deposi5on Sediment Deposi5on on reefs, effects on sediment intolerant reef organisms, sediment par5cles leading to water temperature warming, pollutants aTached to sediment par5cles. Soil erosion, channel erosion, poor erosion and sediment control, stormwater runoff, African dust Bacteria Health related illnesses due to water contact, swimming, beach closures, source of pathogens that effect coral reefs Untreated wastewater, sewage overflows, stormwater runoff, pet waste, animal waste, wildlife PAHs Toxicity to coral reefs Stormwater runoff of automobile related contaminants, boat engine discharge par5cularly 2-‐stroke engines DDT, PCBs Toxicity to coral reefs Legacy contaminants, erosion of legacy sediments PRIORITIZATION OF RESTORATION SITES
Site ID Location
Wetland/Wet Pond
B2
Vistas del Collado
B4
Vacant Lot north with Boat Storage area
C2
Stream Crossing
C3
Private undeveloped Lot
C1
Community Park
Green Street Bioretention
D6
Across from site D1
D8
Roadway along supermercado
F1
Various Streetscape Bioretention Practices
Outfall and Mangrove Restoration
B6
Mudflat south of Camino Puerto Viejo
D2
Outfall behind La Casita
E2
Outfall Near Baseball field
E3
Municipal Lot Outfall
E5
Fisherman's Lot
E8
Outfall
E9
Outfall near David's place
G1
Across from Camping Grounds
G2
Drainage Channel near Club Nautica
Permeable Pavement
E6
Isla Magueyes Parking lot
E7
Main Road into Town (PR-304)
Rain Garden
B1
Vistas del Collado
D3
Supermercado Ocen View
D5
Villa Parguera Parking Lot
D7
Flamingo Club
D4
La Casita
E1
Municipal Lot
E201
Yoland's and Supermercado dirt parking lots
E200
Plaza Kioscos
D1
Vistas de la Bahia
Other Projects
E4
Baseball Fields/School
A2
Vistas del Collado
A1
Vistas del Collado
B5
Construction of new Home
B3
Camino Puerto Viejo
Description of Project
Assessed By:
Ranking
New WetPond
New WetPond
New WetPond
Wetland/Park
Wetland/Public Park
Roberto
Roberto
KAC
KAC
KAC
Medium
High
High
High
Critical
KAC
KAC
PES
Medium
High
High
Roberto
KAC
PES
PES
PES
PES
PES
PES
PES
Critical
Critical
High
Critical
Critical
High
Critical
High
Critical
Permeable Pavement
Permeable Pavement
PES
PES
High
High
Rain Garden
Rain Garden
Rain Garden
Rain Garden
Rain Garden (impervious cover removal)
Rain Garden and Permeable Pavement
Rain garden/permeable parking
Rain Garden/swale
Rain Gardens, Sand Filter
Roberto
KAC
KAC
KAC
KAC
PES
KAC
KAC
KAC
Medium
High
Medium
Medium
Medium
Critical
High
High
Medium
Rainwater Harvesting/Cistern
Road Stabilization
Vegetated Swale
Enforcement
Filtering Practice
PES
Roberto
Roberto
Roberto
Roberto
High
Medium
Medium
Medium
Critical
Site ID
La Parguera Potential Nutirent and Sediment Load Reductions
Location
Proposed Retrofit
A1
A2
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
C1
C2
C3
D1a
D1b
D1c
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
D8
D8a
D9
E1a
E1b
E2
E200a
E200b
E201a
E201b
E3
E4
E5
E6
E7
E8
E9
F1
G1
G2
Vistas(del(Collado
Vegetated(Swale
Vistas(del(Collado
Road(Stabilization
Vistas(del(Collado
Rain(Garden
Vistas(del(Collado
Create(WetPond
Camino(Puerto(Viejo
Filtering(Practice
Vacant(Lot(north(with(Boat(Storage(area Create(WetPond
Construction(of(new(Home
Enforcement
Mudflat(south(of(Camino(Puerto(Viejo Outfall(and(Mangrove(Restoration
Community(Park
Wetland/Public(Park
Stream(Crossing
Created(Wetland
Private(undeveloped(Lot
Wetland/Park
Vistas(de(la(Bahia
Sand(Filter
Vistas(de(la(Bahia
Rain(Garden
Vistas(de(la(Bahia
Rain(Garden
Outfall(behind(La(Casita
Outfall(and(Mangrove(Restoration
Supermercado(Ocen(View
Rain(Garden
La(Casita
Rain(Garden((impervious(cover(removal)
Villa(Parguera(Parking(Lot
Rain(Garden
Across(from(site(D1
Green(Street(Bioretention
Flamingo(Club
Rain(Garden
Roadway(along(supermercado((East(side(of(street)
Roadway(along(supermercado((West(side(of(street)
Oufall(near(La(Flamingo
Municipal(Lot
Rain(Garden(
Municipal(Lot
Permeable(Parking
Outfall(Near(Baseball(field
Plaza(Kioscos(_(rain(garden
Rain(Garden
Plaza(Kioscos(_(sand(filter
Sand(Filter
Yolanda's(dirt(parking(lot
Rain(Garden
Supermercado(dirt(parking(lot
Permeable(Parking
Municipal(Lot(Outfall
Baseball(Fields/School
Rainwater(Harvesting/Cistern
Fisherman's(Lot
Isla(Magueyes(Parking(lot
Permeable(Pavement
Main(Road(into(Town((PR_304)
Permeable(Pavement
Outfall
Outfall(near(David's(place
Various(Streetscape(Bioretention(Practices
Across(from(Camping(Grounds
Drainage(Channel(near(Club(Nautica
DA
3.54
0.62
2.00
11.91
41.58
18.51
N/A
52.19
109.79
41.68
100.81
0.24
0.32
0.05
26.43
0.48
0.46
0.49
0.88
0.91
0.46
1.53
4.18
1.12
0.02
9.37
1.49
1.49
0.35
0.02
12.36
0.15
6.13
0.77
0.23
4.22
410.18
0.23
21.34
278.41
% IC
10%
50%
15%
5%
30%
25%
N/A
10%
20%
5%
20%
95%
95%
95%
40%
100%
95%
95%
80%
35%
95%
35%
45%
90%
100%
15%
75%
75%
50%
100%
30%
100%
30%
50%
100%
30%
5%
100%
10%
1%
WQv
1797.03
1117.32
1340.15
4107.00
48297.90
18482.51
N/A
26522.01
91665.00
14372.24
84162.26
777.58
1049.85
148.01
39342.90
1653.76
1523.67
1604.51
2459.81
1209.66
1499.43
2027.17
6905.51
3504.82
79.17
6293.94
3918.69
3918.69
641.92
79.17
14357.38
518.80
7123.32
1391.03
782.72
4898.75
141452.00
795.20
10842.74
59626.36
TN lbs/yr
TP lbs/yr
2.77
0.31
4.72
6.79
7.98
30.54
0.55
1.53
2.15
6.87
4.38
12.62
1.98
11.59
1.29
3.7
0.52
6.5
5.83
5.37
5.65
8.67
4.26
5.28
6.12
11.41
2.89
0.27
10.4
13.81
6.47
2.26
0.27
10.94
2.14
5.89
4.52
2.54
8.09
11.69
2.8
8.96
9.85
251.76
0.99
3.41
0.53
3.13
0.35
0.43
0.06
1.46
0.68
0.62
0.66
1.01
0.49
0.61
0.71
2.57
0.78
0.04
2.34
1.6
1.75
0.26
0.04
2.46
0.29
1.32
0.61
0.34
1.82
2.63
0.33
2.02
2.22
49.97
TSS lbs/yr
PAH Hotspot Notes
79.67 M
M
118.82 M
260.12 M
367.09 H
1170.57 H
L
167.97 M
580.53 H
91.01 H
533.03 M
59.13 M
93.1 M
13.12 M
249.16 H
146.66 H
135.13 H
142.23 H
218.13 M
107.2 M
132.92 H
157.06 H
437.33 H
133.16 H
8.41 H
398.57 M
347.41 H
297.78 H
56.93 H
8.41 H
419.34 H
49.31 L
225.6 M
140.96 H
79.35 H
310.22 M
447.97 M
70.49 H
343.34 M
377.67 M
8974.9
Used($10/cf(for(raingardens
Assumes(10%(treatment(of(WQv
Used($5/cf(based(on(Wetpond(Cost,(Assumes(10%(treatment(of(WQv
Used(bioretention(costs(($20/cf)(for(street(bioretention
Used($10/cf(for(raingardens,(Assumes(50%(treatment(by(rain(garden
Cost(is(per(1000(sf(of(pavement
Assumes(100%(treatment,(does(not(account(for(treatment(train
Assumes(100%(treatment,(does(not(account(for(treatment(train
Cost(is(per(1000(sf(of(pavement

see it here - Ridge to Reefs

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