Egypt Guide - New Era Overseas

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www.trade.egypt.travel
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Egypt Still has a lot to offer.
The cradle of ancient civilisations, Egypt
has a wealth of archaeological vestiges,
many of which remain to be discovered, not
to mention the many resorts and activities
to be found on the Red Sea and along the
Mediterranean coast.
This guide is intended to be clear and
practical, though it is far from complete. It
is a tool you can use to create and package
your own travel offers. Egypt has such a
variety of attractions for tourists, that
there is something of interest for everyone.
The Egyptian Tourist Authority has created
this guide for professionals along with the
travel agents' trade and press website
awaiting you at www.trade.egypt.travel.
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BACKGROUND INFORMATION
CULTURE
BEACHES AND NIGHTLIFE
GOLF
DIVING
DESERT AND ADVENTURES
SPIRITUAL DESTINATIONS
SPA AND THALASSOTHERAPY
BUSINESS TOURISM
GASTRONOMY
FESTIVALS AND EVENTS
BAZAARS AND SHOPPING MALLS
ACCOMMODATION
USEFUL INFORMATION
LOCAL TOURIST OFFICE ADDRESSES
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Introduction
Egypt is the cradle of major civilisations: Pharaonic,
Greek, Roman, Christian and Islamic, with a very long
history. Traditionally tourists visiting Egypt have limited
their excursions to the Pharaonic sites of the Nile Valley
and Cairo. Today, Egypt caters for all types of visitors
with all types of expectations.
The Red Sea coast in Egypt is a great all-year-round
destination for family holidays and sports enthusiasts, as
temperatures are very pleasant in winter. The mythical
Sinai and the desert to the west of the Nile are perfect for
trekking, 4x4 adventures, hiking and desert safaris. As for
leisure activities, Egypt offers many theme vacations, for
instance, golf, diving and thalassotherapy, as well as
multi-activity holidays, combinations of culture, water
and sports attractions, not to mention unforgettable
cruises on the Nile.
Egypt’s many grand hotels and high-quality leisure facilities make it a popular destination for business tourism
(meetings, incentives, conferences and exhibitions).
Felucca ballet on the Nile
Cairo, city of “a thousand minarets
and a hundred domes”
Edfu, bas-reliefs in the Temple of Horus
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A PORTRAIT OF EGYPT TODAY
Concise information on Egypt as a destination:
• Political and social
The Arab Republic of Egypt is a democratic state. Islam is the state religion
but there is also a sizable population of Coptic Christians. Egyptians enjoy
freedom of thought and religious freedom. Executive power lies with the
President of the Republic who is now elected by popular vote for a six-year
term. Legislative power lies with the People’s Assembly, whose members are
mostly elected, but some of whom are also appointed by the President.
• Economy
“The GDP grew by nearly 5% in 2005… Moderate inflation, low unemployment, an export surplus, and fairly equal distribution of income characterize
this solid economy". Half of the active population works in agriculture,
but only 4% of the land is arable. Industry is centred around textiles and
agro-foods. Tourism is an important source of foreign currency.
• Population
The largest ethnic group (80% of the population) descends directly from
Egyptians of the Pharaonic Era. Other groups are the Sinai Bedouins
originating from Arabia, Western desert Bedouins in oasis settlements,
between Alexandria and the Libyan border, the Siwa oasis Berbers and
the Nubians, south of Aswan. Ninety percent of Egyptians are Sunni
Muslims but Christian religions include the Coptic Church 9%), Catholic,
Maronite and other eastern religions (1%).
• Geography
Egypt stretches across the extreme north-east of Africa and includes
the Sinai Peninsula. It has 995 km of Mediterranean coastline and
1,942 km of Red Sea coastline. Egypt is divided naturally into four
regions: the Nile valley, the Sahara to the West of the Nile, the
Arabian desert to the East of the Nile and the Sinai Peninsula
beyond the Suez canal. Outside the tourist zones, Egypt displays an
amazing contrast between bustling towns (Cairo has a population of
more than 17 million) and the austere, peaceful country regions, set
in their ancient ways.
• The Nile
A mythical and life-giving river, the Nile crosses Egypt from South
to North, from Lake Nasser on the border with Sudan right to its
250 km wide delta on the Mediterranean coast. The Nile valley is
divided into three zones: Lower Egypt to the North, Middle Egypt
and Upper Egypt to the South. The river is navigable for much of its
length in periods when the water level is high.
Upper Egypt, horse-drawn carriage at Luxor
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THE MAIN PHARAONIC SITES, FOLLOWING THE NILE UPSTREAM
In the Cairo region
Giza is home to one of the seven Wonders of the world: the “Great Pyramid” of Cheops,
(137 m). Chephren and Mykerinos pyramids, the Sphinx, a man’s head with a lion’s body, at
the entrance to the Royal Necropolis. Nearby, the Solar Boat. Saqqarah, the Royal site
(over 8 km). A wealth of decorations and the beauty of sculpted bas-reliefs that evoke the
daily life in ancient Egypt. Pyramids, such as the ones known as “step-pyramid”.
Middle Egypt
Minia, a city with a lively market, is the ideal departure point for exploring Hermopolis
Magna, Tuna el-Gebel, Tell El-Amarna, Beni Hassan etc. Beni Hassan, on the right bank of
Immerse yourself
in Ancient
Civilisations
Egypt is a prime destination for cultural tourism with innumerable sites along the course of the Nile, in major cities and in
the deserts. Archaeologists continue to 'dig’ here and still find
ancient ruins and artefacts today. A classic fifteen-day tour
centred around ancient Egyptian culture is a good way of
exploring the most important sites.
The temple is in the town centre, beside the
Nile. The Sphinx Valley (2.5 km) to the
Karnak sanctuary. The Sphinx alley
stretches between the Luxor temple and the
Karnak temple complex. This was the most
important Pharaonic complex in Egypt, with
13 temples covering an area of 125 hectares.
The Valley of Kings, with its dominant rocky
mountain. About sixty Pharaoh’s tombs cut
into the rock, including that of Tutankhamen. The Valley of Queens, eighty tombs
including those of Nefertari and Amon
Her-Khopshef. The Valley of Nobles, over
four hundred tombs of high-level dignitaries
and state officials. Magnificent wall-paintings
showing the daily life in ancient Egypt. Deir
el-Medina, village of craftsmen who work
on the sites of the tombs. Edfu, impressive
sandstone temple, dedicated to Horus “the
Falcon God. Kom Ombou. Abydos, tomb of
Osiris, temple of Seti I, artistic jewel of the
New Empire. Dendera, the temple of Hathor,
a large and well preserved area, dedicated
to the beautiful Goddess with cow ears.
Aswan, Egypt’s southernmost city
Luxor, Temple of Queen Hatshepsut
the Nile, has 39 well preserved rock tombs, some of which are decorated with
brightly coloured drawings (the tombs of Khnumhotep, Kheti etc.). Tuna el-Gebel,
a rich site where, among other attractions, the stele of Akhenaton (memorial stone),
the mummies of the sacred Ibis Necropolis and the tomb of Petosiris are not to be
missed. Tell el-Amarna, a wonderful desert site where only a few ruins of Akhenaton, the capital built by Amenophis IV, remain (temple of Aton, royal palace, necropolis). Assiut, a pleasant town with white houses, minarets, bazaar etc. The large
dam on the Nile and the beautiful Princes’ tombs on the edge of town must be seen.
Upper Egypt
Edfu, Temple of Horus,
the best preserved shrine in Egypt
Temple of Ramses II (bas-reliefs).
Luxor is a small town in Upper Egypt, on the East bank of the Nile. A peaceful place,
it was nevertheless the site of the Pharaoh’s capital during the famous 18th dynasty.
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From lake Nasser to Aswan, on the road to Nubia:
Abu Simbel, transported in its entirety to make way for the
construction of the Sadd el-Ali Dam. The decorated temples
of Ramses II and Nefertari overlooking lake Nasser. Ramses
II acceded to the throne of Egypt while still a young man and
undertook the building of many monuments including his
temple now known as Ramesseum. It was given this modern
name by Jean-François Champollion in 1829.
"Lake Nasser is about 300 mi (480 km) long, it was formed
in the 1960s by the construction of the Aswan High Dam in
order to control the annual floods of the Nile River, whose
waters now feed the lake. Its waters, when discharged
downstream, have brought some 1,250 sq mi (3,240 sq km)
of additional land under irrigation. Its formation flooded a
number of archaeological sites, including those found at
Abu Simbel".
On the islands of Lake Nasser: Kalabcha, home of the
Mandoulis and Beit el-Wali temple.
The island of Philae, with its temple dedicated to Isis, the
Egyptian mother goddess, “is situated about 8 km south of
the Aswan Dam in Upper Egypt, in an area which in ancient
times made out the border to Nubia”.
GRECO-ROMAN REMAINS
In Alexandria (amphitheatre, catacombs). In the oases of
the Western desert: the Kharga oasis and the Bagawat
necropolis, (2nd century). Greco-roman villages in Douch
and Aïn Umm El-Dabadib, famous for its square towers.
The complex of temples on the island of Philae includes
the main temple dedicated to the Goddess Isis, built by
Pharaoh Ptolemy XI, as well as the Pavilion of Nectanebo I,
dedicated to Hathor, and Trajan's Pavilion, rebuilt by the
emperor Trajan and with reliefs showing him offering gifts
to the Egyptian Gods. Then between Qena and Port
Safaga is Mons Claudianus, site of Roman stone quarries.
Valley of the Kings, tomb with frescos
COPTIC AND ORTHODOX SITES
The Coptic churches and the Coptic museum in Old Cairo.
The convents of Wadi Natrun. In the Eastern desert, the
monasteries of Saint Anthony (361 A.D.) and Saint Paul. In
Aswan: monastery of Saint Simeon.
LEGENDARY SITE
From Sinai to the Red Sea: Mount Moses (2,285 m high).
ISLAMIC SITES
There are so many sites and monuments that it would be
impossible to list them all. Among the most important, in the
city of Cairo: the mosques, the Khan el-Khalili medieval bazaar
quarter, Wakala el-Ghouri, el-Qalaa ramparts and citadel etc.
In Alexandria: Fort Qaytbey. In Rosetta: the Al-Amasyali house.
In Quseir: the Ottoman citadel and the museum.
Karnak, the temple-city
Abu Simbel, Temple of Ramses II
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Worth seeing in Cairo
City of contrasts, constructed in 969 A.D. by Gohar El-Siqqili ;
a Middle-Age citadel (1171 A.D.) on one side and very modern
buildings on the other (convention centre, big hotels, etc.). In
the middle is the Isle of Roda opposite the Coptic churches of
Old Cairo across the river. The great Khan el-Khalili bazaar
with its narrow streets, the grand mosques and the Egyptian
museum created in 1857. More than 100,000 objects are on
display, including busts of Nefertiti and Merytamon, the Golden
Mask of King Tutankhamun, statues of Ramses II as a child, of
King Djoser and of the goddess Taoueret (with the body of a
hippopotamus and the snout of a crocodile), reliefs from the
Mererouka mastaba (tombs) decorated with hieroglyphs…
Mykerinos, Chephren and Cheops pyramids at Giza
Worth seeing in Alexandria
Founded by Alexander the Great, Alexandria is a varied and
cosmopolitan city with a pleasant sea front. Also worth visiting are the Bibliotheca Alexandrina (Alexandria Library),
many Greco-Roman museums and interesting bazaars.
Also worth seeing
Rosetta, where the famous stone was found. It was later
deciphered by Champollion. Damietta, the ‘furniture capital’
of Egypt, Ismailia on the bank of lake Timsah, the Suez
canal, 162 km from the Mediterranean to the Red Sea.
Egyptian antiquities museum
in Cairo, sarcophagus lid
Alexandria bay, Fortress at Qait Bey in the background
GETTING OFF THE BEATEN TRACK
ORIGINAL
Discovering sites of natural beauty
Egypt has 21 national parks where wildlife and plant life are protected.
• The Ras Muhammed National Park, a coastline
with very beautiful sea-beds. Along the mangroves,
there are exotic fish, manta rays and turtles. On land,
there are foxes, gazelles and many birds of prey.
• The White Desert: sand, springs and oases, from the
Nile to the Libyan border, large expanses of black or
white sand, dotted with rocky landscapes and oases:
Cleopatra-Siwa (baths), Bahariya with its hot water
springs, Farafra, the gateway to the White Desert,
Dakhla and the medieval village of El-Qasr, etc.
• Lake Nasser, take a peaceful cruise and discover
the islands.
The main areas of popular cultural interest
Music, literature and cinema are very much alive in Egypt and there is a full programme of events (see festivals and events).
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IMPORTANT DATES
IN EGYPTIAN HISTORY
- 3150-2925 B.C.: Thinite period, 1st and 2nd
dynasties. Upper and Lower Egypt reunited. Capital:
Memphis.
- 2700-2200 B.C.: Old Kingdom, from the 3rd to
the 6th dynasty, construction of the Saqqara and
Giza pyramids.
- 2200-2040 B.C.: first intermediate period,
from the 7th to the 10th dynasty, not well known.
- 2040-1785 B.C.: Middle Kingdom, 11th and
12th dynasties. Prosperity in art and civilisation.
Capital: Thebes.
- 1785-1552 B.C.: second intermediate period,
13th dynasty. Invasion of the Hyksos.
- 1552-945 B.C.: the New Kingdom, from the 18th
to the 21st dynasty. Conquests and construction of
grand temples. The most important Pharaohs:
Amenophis, Akhenaton, Tutankhamen, Seti I, Ramses II.
- 945-656 B.C.: third intermediate period, from
the 22nd to the 25th dynasty.
- 672-332 B.C.: the late Period. 26th dynasty,
conquest of Egypt by the Persians.
- 332-27 B.C.: Greek or Ptolemaic Era. Conquest
of Alexander the Great, creation of Alexandria.
- 27 B.C.-395 A.D.: Roman Era. Death of Cleopatra and the spread of Christianity.
- 395-641: Byzantine Era.
- 640: beginning of the Muslim Era. Old Cairo (Fostat)
becomes the capital.
- 661-1171: Ommeyyade, Abbasside, Toulounide,
Fatimide governments.
- 1240-1517: the Mamelouks come to power.
- 1798: Bonaparte expedition.
- 1805: Modern era. Muhammad Ali founds the last
dynasty.
- 1952-53: constitution of the republic.
Road to Bahariya, the white Desert and its chalk monoliths
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BEACHES AND NIGHTLIFE
On the Red Sea, the beaches are well planned and completely equipped to fully develop a ‘seaside
vacation’ offer which fully matches tourists’ demands.
There are innumerable large hotels, restaurants, entertainments and activities in attractive seaside resorts
stretching the length of the Sinai Peninsula coastline.
• Sharm El-Sheikh, at the southern point of Sinai, has a very complete infrastructure: hotels, holiday residences,
restaurants, diving clubs and many water sports activities.
• Further North, Dahab backing onto the mountains is a peaceful resort, very much shaped by its Bedouin origins.
It has long beaches, beautiful diving and sailing locations and the opportunity for interesting excursions in Sinai.
• Nuweiba, is a peaceful resort, a few kilometres from the old town and port and is one of the largest on the Red Sea.
• Taba, is growing fast with beautiful beaches and large international hotels.
Discover
the Magic Undersea
World and
the Exhilarating Nights
Nuweiba, not far from the Ain Hudra oasis
On the continental coastline between Hurghada and Mersa Alam in
the South, the large number of seaside resorts offer a wide choice
for tourists:
• Hurghada: protected by a beautiful range of mountains, this
large seaside resort is well equipped with tourism infrastructure,
accommodation and leisure facilities: windsurfing, fun board,
yachting (marina), children’s and teenagers’ clubs, aquarium and
marine museum, as well as golf, hiking and some very beautiful
diving locations. Hurghada is very lively and sporty and is an ideal
destination for holidaying with the kids.
• El Gouna: new rapidly-growing resort, luxurious and calm. Near
Hurghada.
Hurghada, with Djebel Shayib
in the background
Red Sea, enjoy the water all year round
• Port Safaga, 55 km to the South of Hurghada, is a lively fishing
port and a peaceful family resort known for its sailing sports. Along
the beautiful beach are magnificent diving sites and an important
windsurfing location. Port Safaga hosted the World Windsurfing
Championships in 1993.
• El Quseir: 85 km to the South of Port Safaga, is a peaceful port
and resort, overlooked by an ancient fort.
• Mersa Alam: 250 km to the South of Hurghada, growing fast, but
still very natural and little frequented, the resort is in a large bay
backing onto the mountainous desert, at the gateway to Nubia.
Beautiful beaches and magnificent diving locations on the coral reef.
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Hurghada, an exceptional diving destination
Sharm el-Sheikh, lagoon swimming pool at the hotel
Alone in the middle of the Red Sea
Sharm el-Sheikh, boat trip on the Red Sea
GOOD TO KNOW
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Worth a look at Naama Bay at
Sharm El-Sheikh, Egyptian high
fashion, esplanade lined with chic
boutiques, grand hotels, bars and
discotheques…
Family destination par
excellence, Hurghada and its tailormade tourism infrastructure.
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BEACHES AND NIGHTLIFE
The Mediterranean coast, from the North of Sinai
to the Eastern Libyan border, has kept the charm of the
ancient Egyptian seaside towns: El Arish, Damietta,
Rosetta, Alexandria… Modern, well-equipped seaside
resorts like Mersa Matruh complete the holiday offer, with
the advantage of mild temperatures in summer.
Having fun at night: the night time entertainment
in seaside resorts responds to the influx of tourists:
restaurants, discos, music bars… often in the beach hotels
and bars whose night clubs are open all year round.
Hurghada
Sharm el-Sheikh, with the Sinai in the background
Hurghada, many kitesurfing clubs
Sharm el-Sheikh, oasis bar
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Taba, at the bottom of the Aqaba Gulf
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GOLF
You can play golf on Egypt’s courses all year round, in the centre of
Cairo, in the shade of the Pyramids and right up to the edge of the Red Sea. Golf
is a growing sport in Egypt and both beginners and experienced golfers have
access to courses close to the large hotels and to sumptuous greens and fully
equipped clubhouses.
Golf to
your Heart's Content
in the Shadow
of the Pyramids
Mena House Hotel golf course
Some clubs and courses:
• in Cairo: Mena House Oberoi (built in 1902), Gezira Club in the town centre: 9 holes,
Katameya Heights: 27 holes, Mirage City, Pyramid Golf Soleimania, Dreamland Golf.
• in Luxor, the Royal Valley.
• in Alexandria, the Sporting Club.
• on the Red Sea: in Hurghada, the 18 holes The Cascades Golf course at Soma Bay
designed by Gary Player, at El Gouna Steigenberger Golf Resort 18 holes, in Sharm
El-Sheikh: Jolie Ville Golf Resort 18 holes and Taba.
The biggest:
Pyramid Golf Soleimania golf course, 36 holes (840 ha), to the
North of Cairo, on Desert Road.
Special features:
Soma Bay, golf beside the sea
the large hotels organise vacations on a golfing theme
and offer daily services with shuttle buses, even to non-residents.
Cairo, golf course at the foot of the pyramids
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Soma Bay, golf course overlooking the sea
Combined activity
vacations:
GOOD PLAN
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golf and getting back into shape or
thalassotherapy, golf and diving,
golf and yachting or golf and
desert raid…
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DIVING
Diving in the Red Sea is an amazing experience contrasting the arid desert
landscape with the diversity of the sea-beds of the Red Sea, 2,300 km long and
350 km wide, on the African coast and the Southern point of Sinai.
The Red Sea is easily accessible to experienced divers and beginners, with calm,
clear, warm water (21 to 30°C), well-preserved coral reefs and many fish. It boasts
some exceptional diving sites such as the Tiran islands, the underwater walls at Ras
Mohammed and Samadai, Elphinstone, the Dahab canyons, Safaga, Mersa Alam…
Clown Fish and Fire Coral
Rub Shoulders
with the
most Gorgeous
Sea Creatures
A group of divers sets off
for the fabulous undersea world
The sport and supervision: all year round, professional diving clubs led
by instructors with PADI or CMAS certification offer dives in search of parrot,
angel and clown fish, sharks, barracudas and also lead dives to wrecks. Underwater
trails with mask and snorkel on coral reefs, initiation or sport diving (limited to
30 m deep), from a boat or from the beach, at numerous points along the coast.
A medical certificate might be required.
Clubs on the Red Sea:
Aquarius Diving Centre at Hurghada. Canyon Dive
Club at Dahab. Divers' Lodge, Sinai Divers, the Camel Dive Club (accessible to
disabled divers)… Equipment for rent on site.
Many of the Red Sea coastal resort hotels offer diving vacations.
Coral and
Sea-Fan garden
Coral cliffs in shallow water
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Hawksbill turtle
Sea-diving initiation
The most beautiful areas:
dive guides. Several dives per day at the most beautiful locations;
programme and level of difficulty adapted to participants’ abilities…
Levels of comfort in the cabins varies with the different boats.
The best time to go: April to June and mid-September to
mid-November, light winds and pleasant temperatures. Vast number
of fish to see from mid-July to the end of August in the 28°C waters
of Ras Mohammed.
Combined activity vacations:
diving and getting back
into shape or thalassotherapy, diving and golf, diving and yachting,
diving and desert raid…
ZOOM
Diving cruise from 8 to 15 days in the Red Sea accompanied by
in Sinai, Dahab and the surrounding areas: Blue Hole, the Canyon
and the Islands. In and around
Sharm El-Sheikh: End of the Road
Reef. Ras Mohammed: Ras Ghozlani. On the coast, near Hurghada:
Shaab Abu Ramada, the island of
Giftun: Carless Reef.
In and around El Quseir: Green
Hole, Beit Goha, Sirena Beach
Home Reef, Mangrove Bay, Mersa
Shagra eco-lodge…
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DESERT AND ADVENTURES
Desert trails in 4x4
• Complete circuit of Sinai by car following tracks: Sharm El-Sheikh - Dahab – St
Katherine (1 night) - Feiran - Al-Tor and return to Sharm El-Sheikh (490 km / 2 days).
• Discovering the oases of the Western desert: circuit of the oases in a 4x4 with
a guide and bivouac. Siwa oasis, isolated and preserved (visit to the traditional
Siwa house). Baharia oasis, Roman wells. Farafra oasis, the most isolated, near the
White Desert, Badr museum. Dakhla oasis, hot springs, museum, Roman temple,
medieval city of Al-Qasr…
Feel the Powerful
Attraction
of the Desert
Egypt is a narrow strip of fertile land on the banks of the river
Nile in the middle of an enormous desert. It is thus a vast
playing field for those who love wide-open spaces, shifting
sands and mountains. Egyptian tourism offers numerous more
or less developed possibilities for discovery and sports activity
vacations in the Sinai Peninsula, in the Eastern desert and in
the Western desert right up to the Libyan border.
Sinai, desert taxis
Exploring Sinai
Hiking to St Katherine (maintained footpaths, information from the Monastery
office). Night-time climb of Mount Moses, djebbel Moussa, by the camel path and
watching the sunrise. Excursions to the Coloured Canyon near Nuweiba, in the Ras
Muhammed natural park.
Other activities
Sinai, canyon
• Camel rides or hiking with camels.
• Horse riding and hiking on horseback: from Sinai coastal resorts or at the foot of
the pyramids at Giza, Louxor (MG, Haras Al-Zahraa, Cairo. Saqqara Country Club…).
• Balloon flights over the Valley of Kings (at Luxor).
• Trekking in the Sinai mountains.
• Cycling in the region of the Thebes necropolis (at Luxor). (cycle rent from hotels or in town).
Giza Plateau, Kheops, the seventh wonder of the world
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Sinai, rocky outcrops in a desert of sand
Libyan Desert, continuation of the Sahara
A Bedouin’s best friend
For enthusiasts:
Guides
Combined activity vacations
Pharaoh rally, 4x4 race and trials in
October.
TO DO
Many tour operators in Cairo, Nuweiba and Sharm El-Sheikh
offer excursions and guided treks into the desert. Most of the
coastal resort hotels offer excursions by the day or longer, with
guides.
Seaside vacation with excursions into the desert, cultural cruise
and oasis discovery circuit…
Ruins beside Lake Nasser
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SPIRITUAL DESTINATIONS
In Sinai, Mount Moses and St Katherine’s monastery are just as important as tourist
attractions of ‘natural beauty’ as they are mystical pilgrimage destinations evocative of
bible stories.
The Coptics, Egyptian Christians, have kept their faith since the Roman domination and
the reign of Constantine (4th century). Ancient religious monuments have been preserved
in the heart of Old Cairo and on the island of Roda. There are also many desert monasteries
commemorating the retreat of the Holy Family after the birth of Jesus, from Rafah to Assiut.
The Moslems, following their conquest of Egypt in 641 A.D., constructed great places of
worship, particularly during the Mamelouk period (1250/1517 A.D.). Most mosques are
open to all visitors.
Delve into the Big
Book of Religions
Egypt is a major destination for religious tourism. The population has been predominantly Muslim since the 12th to 13th
centuries, though 10 % of the population is Coptic Christian.
Although the ancient religion of the pharaohs, worshipping the
God Ra or the conflict between Amon and Aton, will always be
part of Egyptian mythology, the land of Egypt has many links
with the great monotheist religions of today.
Sinai, St Katherine’s monastery
The great monuments
• Mosques: the most famous, El-Azhar (970 A.D.), stands in the
centre of Cairo, the city of a thousand minarets. Worth looking at
while strolling around Cairo’s Muslim quarter, in the area of the
medieval Khan el-Khalili market: the El Gouri complex, the el-Ashraf
Barsbay mosque, the Sayyidna el-Hussein mosque, the al-Saleh Talai
mosque, the el-Aqmar mosque, the Ibn Toulon Mosque, the Sultan
Hassan mosque… The show by the Soufi Dervishes (at the El-Gouri
complex), the Mohamed Ali mosque.
• Coptic churches, monasteries and places of worship: Old Cairo’s
churches (St George’s church and convent, St Sergius’ and St Barbara’s churches, the "hanging" church…), the Coptic museum.
Mount Sinai, in Moses’ footsteps
Wadi al-Natrun, Coptic Monastery of St Bishoy
In the Eastern desert, St Anthony’s, St Bishoi’s, St Katherine’s
monasteries in Sinai, the Aswan cathedral, Maadi and Gabal El-Teir
churches etc., as well as many springs, wells, "sacred" trees such as
Al Abed "the worshipper", at Nazlet Ebeid-Minia.
• Ben Ezra synagogue in Cairo, (in the Coptic quarter).
Visiting
Outside the hours of prayer and the Friday prayers, most mosques
can be visited for free (9:00 am-7:00 pm). A small tip should be
given to the person who looks after visitors' shoes and lends them
head scarves.
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Cairo, Al Azhar Mosque
Cairo, Blue Mosque
THE MAIN RELIGIOUS
FESTIVALS
Fixed dates
• 1st January: New year’s day
• 7th January: Coptic Christmas
• 19th January: Coptic Epiphany
Variable dates
• Aid el-Fitr: marks the end of Ramadan, 3 days of
colourful festivals
• Aid el-Adha: commemoration of Abraham’s sacrifice
(70 days after the end of Ramadan)
• Ras as-Sana el Hejria: Muslim New Year
• Mouled en-Nabi: anniversary of the birth of the Prophet
• Coptic Easter
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SPA AND
THALASSOTHERAPY
Page 22
• Getting back into shape, body care and thalassotherapy: Egypt has a long
tradition of giving great importance to body care treatments: belief in the rebirth of
the Pharaonic era, baths and hot springs from the Roman Era, Turkish baths from
Islamic culture… The exceptional natural environment, the dry climate and Egyptian
know-how have helped with the rapid development of this tourist offer which
responds well to current demands.
• Springs, sand and plants: the oases of the Egyptian desert are rich in healthgiving springs whose reputation goes back thousands of years. The beneficial
effects of the mud from the Nile, the ionic sand from the dunes (sand baths) and the
salinity of the waters in the Red Sea are well known. The quality of preparations
based on plant oils and natural essences (hibiscus, mint, ambrosia, gourd, alfa and
pomegranate skin), have proven their worth over the years.
Essential oils extracted from plants from the Nile
Revitalise
your Entire Body
Flower arrangement in the desert
Balneotherapy in a hotel
• Traditional sites: Helwan Hammam (Turkish bath), Bahariya oasis (Halfa springs, Bichmo,
Roman wells and springs), the oases of Siwa, Farafra and Mena Ville, the Pharaoh Hammam near
Suez and the Moussa Hammam near Sharm El-Sheikh…
• Modern centres: courses of health treatment or vacations with programmes of specific treatments: lymphatic drainage, slimming, special treatment for backs, legs, rheumatism, anti-stress
and sport-related… More and more ultra-modern equipment, luxury facilities, with well trained
facilitators, are opening along the Red Sea coastline: at Sharm El-Sheikh, Thalasso/Spa centre:
sauna, Turkish bath, seaweed wraps, hydro-massage baths, massage showers, massages… at
Hurghada and Soma Bay.
• In the big hotels you will find aqua-tonic, health and fitness facilities (sauna, massage, Turkish
bath and spa bath…) and well-equipped Fitness centres.
The health benefits of plants,
an ancient Egyptian heritage
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Massage session
TRENDY
Combined activity
vacations:
Bahariya, oasis of the North
diving and thalassotherapy, golf
and thalassotherapy, desert raid or
hiking and thalassotherapy…
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BUSINESS TOURISM
Cairo International Conference Centre
-CICC-, is only 15 minutes
from the international airport, 20 minutes from the city centre and Cairo’s best
five-star hotels. There are three main auditoria, each equipped with projection
room and simultaneous translation studios for eight languages. The main auditorium
can take up to 2,500 people.
Cairo International Convention & Exhibition Centre
(CICC)
Discover Intense
Business Trips
Business tourism is growing around well-equipped convention
centres with a good accommodation infrastructure offering
excellent service. Cairo and the major cities often play host to
numerous conventions, seminars and conferences, meetings,
trade fairs and incentive trips. Egypt and its partners offer
well-adapted facilities for convention visitors, participants in
professional shows and also their entourages.
Feluccas on the Nile,
between Aswan and Luxor
Soma Bay, Golf course
Four Seasons Hotel
Major hotels
Leisure activities
Many five-star hotels can host conferences and banquets for large
groups:
• in Cairo: Semiramis Inter Continental, Cairo Conrad, Cairo Marriott,
Oberoi Mena House, Meridien Heliopolis, Grand Hyatt, Nile Hilton,
Four Seasons Hotel Cairo… and also the Inter Continental Heliopolis
Hotel…
• in Alexandria: Hilton Green Plaza, Hilton Borg El Arab Resort and
Spa El Alamein…
• in Sharm El-Sheikh: Jolie Ville Movenpick Golf Resort, MarriottHilton Four Seasons, all major chains.
There are also major hotels in Luxor, Aswan, Hurghada…
Whichever city you choose to host your business event, it is easy to
organise interesting distractions for business travellers: diving trips
in the Red Sea, rounds of golf, cruises on the Nile, tours of Cairo…
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Hurgada: sailing, diving, sailing…
Aswan, bar in the Old Cataract Hotel
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GASTRONOMY
Typical dishes
• Starters known as mezzeh are very varied: falafel, based on fava (beans), foul (beans),
hoummous (chickpeas), baba ghanouj (aubergine puree), Gebna domiati (salty cheese)
with tomatoes…
• Lamb and veal are often grilled (kebabs), minced then grilled (koftas), roasted or
accompanied by tomato and onion salad. Poultry such as pigeon, duck and chicken are
often stuffed.
• Vegetables may be macerated in oil, stuffed or cooked in ragout (beans, lentils…).
• Wet, salted fish (fasikh), beside the Red Sea or on the Mediterranean coast.
• Desserts: many fruits and pastries filled with dried fruits and doused with honey syrup.
Taste the Blends
and Contrasts of
Traditional Cooking
Egyptian cuisine is rich and varied, influenced by the Mediterranean and the Middle East. From street vendors to the restaurants
in the luxury hotels, Egypt offers a vast range of restaurant styles,
for all tastes and all budgets. The cuisine in the major hotels is
often ‘international’. To eat ‘Egyptian style’, choose the local
restaurants and typical recipes based on meat and vegetables.
On the seafront, there are excellent fish restaurants.
Hummus, chick pea dip
• Drinks: tea, Turkish coffee and fruit juices, particularly mango juice, lamoun
(sweet lime juice), tinnechoke (Barbary fig juice), apricot juice, juice from sugar
cane or karkade (extract of hibiscus petals), sahlab (mixture of warm milk, coconut,
cinnamon and spices). Alcohol and wine is mainly served in the hotel bars and in the
restaurant. The locally brewed beer, Stella, is worth a taste.
Fast food
Egypt has a long tradition for food on the move. Street vendors offer mixtures of
noodles, rice, onions and spicy tomato sauce as well as bean fritters (Tamiya).
The oriental sandwich based on soft Baladi bread comes with all types of filling.
The major international fast-food chains can be found in the big cities.
Aswan, citrus fruit sellers
Cairo, selling freshly squeezed orange juice
The dessert fit for a king:
TO SAVOUR
Sales Guide GB
Oum Ali (feuille de brick, coconut,
raisins, hazelnut, milk). Forget the
diet!
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Mezze, selection of hot and cold appetizers
Aswan, souk and dates
Dates
USEFUL INFORMATION
Ramadan: During Ramadan, most restaurants remain
open all day, only serving tourists and offering a limited
choice. In the evening, big banquets are organised
around long tables in a convivial atmosphere. The
cuisine is very varied.
Health: mineral water in sealed bottles is to be preferred. People with delicate stomachs should beware of
raw vegetables.
Opening times: fruit juice bars: 8:00 am to 10:00 pm –
local sandwich and fast food from 10:00 am into the
night - restaurants from 12:00 am to 11:00 pm or 1 o’clock
in the morning.
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FESTIVALS AND EVENTS
International windsurfing Championships in Hurghada in January.
Cairo book fair at the end of January.
Sham el-Nessim in March: popular outdoor festival dating from the Pharonic era.
International camel race in April in Sharm El-Sheikh.
Arab horse festival in Sharkeya in May.
International Al-Ahram squash competition in Giza in June.
Music festival on the 21st of June.
National cinema festival at the end of June and beginning of July.
Ismailia festival at the end of August: folkloric dance festival.
The Nile Festival in September in Cairo.
Relive Events
from another Era
There are many cultural, sports, popular or religious events
during the year. Some ancient and traditional celebrations date
from the Pharonic era, while other colourful and popular ones
celebrate the seasons and accompany rural activities. Most
religious festivals are the occasion for massive get-togethers,
gastronomic meals and parades. The cultural and sports events
reflect the modern Egyptians’ eclectic interests.
Bedouin woman, traditional hairstyle
Alexandria international Festival mid-September: cinema festival.
Verdi’s Aida in Giza, staged at the pyramids, usually in October .
The Egyptian rally in October: 4x4 qualifying rally for the world Championships.
Ramses festival at Abu Simbel on the 22nd of February and the 22nd of October.
The cotton festival in Tanta in October: a week of festivities at the end of the harvest.
Al-Zahraa horse festival festival in October.
Arab music festival at the beginning of November.
International fishing competition at Sharm El-Sheikh in November.
International cinema festival in Cairo in December.
International Nile Luxor and Cairo Regattas in December.
Hurghada, international
windsurfing championships
Cairo, belly dance, Raqs Sharqi
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Sharm el-Sheikh, international dromedary race
PUBLIC HOLIDAYS
Fixed dates
1st January: New year’s day
7th January: Coptic Christmas
25th April: Sinai Liberation Day
April (variable date): Sham en-Nessim (Spring festival)
1st May: Labour day
23rd July: Anniversary of the 1952 revolution
6th October: Armed forces day
Variable dates
depending on the Muslim calendar
• Aid el-Fitr: marks the end of Ramadan.
• Aid el-Adha: commemoration of Abraham's sacrifice
(70 days after the end of Ramadan).
• Ras as-Sana el Hejria: Muslim new year.
• Mouled en-Nabi: anniversary of the birth of the
Prophet.
Cairo, Sufi dancers
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BAZAARS AND
SHOPPING MALLS
Souvenirs ‘made in Egypt’
The range of Egyptian craftwork is vast. From jewellery made of gold, silver and semiprecious stones to blown glass or Sinai Bedouin embroidery, cotton household linen,
papyrus, carpets, backgammon and chess boards incrusted with mother-of-pearl,
copper items and basketwork, oriental spices and perfumes sold in little glass tubes…
A complete range of goods sold in the bazaars, in boutiques or in galleries.
Bring Home
Treasures from
down the Ages
Aswan, spice market
Opening times
Bazaars and boutiques normally open around 9:00 am or 10:00 am and close at
9:00 pm to 10:00 pm in the evening, with no break. In Cairo, boutiques stay open all
day. On Friday, shops close in the afternoon at prayer time.
Payment
Credit cards are more and more widely accepted; travellers cheques less frequently.
Payment in cash can be usually done in main foreign currencies in hotels and
bazaars, but for small shops, during visits and in supermarkets, payment in cash has
to be done by Egyptian pound.
Aswan,
one of Egypt’s largest souks
Cairo, pedestrian street
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Cairo, Khan el-Khalili souk
Merchant wearing finely embroidered outfit
Narghile and good shisha !
Traditional dress
Bargaining
Craftwork and clothing in all the bazaars and in specialised boutiques:
• in Cairo: Khan el-Khalili bazaar, Kerdasa bazaar, Marketing Link Programme
(organisation that supports ancient craftwork traditions) and shops like Nomad,
Egypt Craft Centre, Al-Khatoun, Dr Ragab Papyrus Institute, Safari and Senouhi…
Take a look too, at the shopping malls in the town centre: World Trade Centre, First
Residence Mall at Giza, Horreyya Mall at Heliopolis, Ramses Hilton Mall, City Stars…
• Luxor Bazaar: spices and fabric.
• Aswan Bazaar: Nubian baskets, embroidered shawls…
• in El Arish: Bedouin craftwork, jewellery…
• in Alexandria: El-Attarine bazaar, specialist in old objects and bric-a-brac (Real
antiquities may not be exported).
LOCAL CUSTOMS
Good addresses
This is a ritual in Egypt. The idea is
for the buyer to reach a mutual
agreement with the seller by
arguing over the price. It is quite
common for the seller to invite the
buyer for a tea or a coffee inside
his boutique.
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ACCOMMODATION
Hotels
Throughout Egypt, there are numerous hotels offering a wide range of prices and various
quality services. At the top of the range:
Old style palaces: Mena House Oberoi in Giza (constructed in 1860), l'Auberge du lac in
the Fayoum oasis (ancient hunting pavilion of King Farouk), the Cataract in Aswan (opened
in 1899), the Winter Palace at Luxor (a wing built in the 19th century), As-Salamlek in
Alexandria, a palace constructed in 1822…
The major international hotel chains (Hilton, Sheraton, Marriott, Sofitel, Meridien,
Mövenpick, Swissotel, Four Seasons, Conrad) and the 4/5-star r hotel complexes in the
tourist zones.
Dream in a Palace
made of Stone
or a Temple of Sand
Sharm el-Sheikh, floral garden
There are cheaper middle range hotels and lower range ‘budget’ hotels whose
services, staff and general condition vary from one establishment to another. They
are independently managed. 2 and 3 star hotels often have a café or a little restaurant. Rooms are air-conditioned and have bathrooms and hotels may have a small
swimming pool.
Camping
Several basic camp sites near towns and in the oases. Avoid camping in the wild.
Aswan, Old Cataract Hotel
Sharm el-Sheikh, fresh or salt water?
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Oberoi Hotel
Four Seasons Hotel
NEW
Accommodation ‘closer to nature’:
• Shark's Bay Camp in Sharm El-Sheikh, beach camp managed by
Bedouins with a dive centre.
• Bishbishi Camp in Dahab, on the beach.
• Jasmine Village in Hurghada, a few bungalows with a dive centre
and children games.
• Red Sea Diving Safari at Mersa Alam, tents, cabins and chalets in the
bay.
• Basata at Nuweiba, ecological complex of bamboo and unfired-brick
cabins on a private beach (no diving).
• Dakhla Bedouin Camp (Western desert).
• Adrere Amellal in Siwa: first eco-lodge, organic cooking and swimming pool created from a Roman bath and its source.
USEFUL INFORMATION
Facilities: five-star hotels always have many restaurants, bar, nightclub or discotheques, swimming pool,
Fitness or workout centre… In the tourist resorts, most
hotels can organise various activities: trips, guided
tours, excursions in traditional boats or sports (golf,
diving, horse riding, cycle rent…).
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USEFUL INFORMATION
GENERAL INFORMATION
Geography
The surface area of Egypt is about one million km2, 97% of which is desert. Consequently,
95% of the inhabitants live on only 4% of the land. The Nile crosses Egypt from South to
North. The country is divided into 26 administrative provinces. Cairo is the capital and
some of the main cities are Alexandria, Port Said and Aswan.
Useful
Information
Cairo, Egyptian museum, Tutankhamen’s treasure
Fruit from the fertile Nile Plain
Climate
There are four climatic regions in Egypt: Mediterranean on the Alexandria coast, semi-desert
in the Cairo region, temperate along the Nile valley and desert in the South of the country.
Temperatures
Nov
Luxor
Cairo
Red Sea
Kharga Oasis,
ancient 11th century fortified town
20°
19°
24°
(Celsius average daily)
Dec
Jan
Feb
16°
15°
22°
14°
11°
20°
16°
13°
21°
March
April
May
June
July
August
Sept
Oct
19°
14°
24°
21°
22°
28°
38°
28°
30°
40°
32°
32°
40°
34°
33°
39°
33°
34°
37°
32°
32°
34°
29°
29°
From the end of September to the end of November: pleasantly hot (25 to 35°C from
North to South). Mid-December to mid-March: cold in the North of the country, pleasant
on the Red Sea. From June to September: hot and dry season 25 to 40°.
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Population
Egypt has a population of 72 million, 45% of whom live in towns.
Cairo: over 17 million inhabitants, Alexandria over 4 million.
Language
The official language is Arabic. English and French are fairly
widespread, particularly in tourist towns. German and Italian are
spoken in many hotels on the Red Sea. Egyptian Arabic contains
many local dialects including Coptic.
Aswan, Nile fishermen
Some things haven’t changed in thousands of years
BEFORE YOU LEAVE
Formalities
You must buy a visa to be allowed entry into Egypt. This
can be obtained from the Consulate or at the airport (for
some nationalities only) on your arrival in the country. The
list of countries for which this is true may be obtained
from Egyptian consulates. Your passport must be valid 6
months after the end of your visit. Customs officers may
ask to see your return ticket.
Cairo, sculpted wooden mashrabiya screen
Time difference
Egypt is 2 hours ahead of GMT. Summer time begins the
Friday before or after the 1st of May. Wintertime starts on
the Friday which follows the 30th of September.
Vaccinations
No vaccinations are required for travellers coming from
Europe.
Clothing
Light cotton clothing, a hat, sunscreen lotion and sunglasses, but pack something warm for the cool evenings.
Giza, the Sphinx, enigmatic creature of stone
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USEFUL INFORMATION
Page 36
THE VACATION
Guides
Only Egyptian guides are allowed to operate in the tourist sites and in the Museums. They all have Institute of
Egyptology qualifications.
Photography
Common sizes of films (with speeds of 100 or 200 asa) are found easily in Egypt. It is better to have your films
developed when you get back home. Flash photography is not permitted in museums and tombs in order to protect
the treasures on display. It is forbidden to take pictures in most of museums and tombs. A tax has to be paid for
pictures and video taken inside tourist sites. If you have a digital camera, be sure it is well protected against dust and
sand. There is a tax on video photography and no filming is allowed at the Aswan Dam or in the Valley of Kings.
Luxor, left bank: contemporary frescos
Giza Plateau
Abydos, Temple of Seti 1st
Families
Egypt’s tourism offer is well suited to families,
with its large range of activities for children
and teenagers: many visits to the historical
sites, exploring national parks to discover the
varied fauna and flora, various sports (including diving, sailing, hiking, fun board, beach
clubs, etc.).
Women
Aswan, adobe houses
A woman can travel alone in Egypt. Take care to
dress appropriately (modestly especially when
visiting mosques and churches).
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Currency
Postal service
The national currency is the Egyptian Pound often
indicated by the initials LE or EGP. In Arabic it is called
the guineh. One pound is divided into 100 piasters or
irsh in Arabic. You will find cash dispensers in large
towns and some hotels.
You can buy stamps at post offices and your hotel reception desk. A stamp for a letter to Europe costs 1.3 EGP, it
should take about a week (but allow longer at Ramadan).
Post offices are closed on Fridays.
Payments
There are many cybercafés in most of the towns throughout Egypt. The rates for connection vary from 5 to 20
EGP per hour.
Credit cards and travellers cheques are accepted in the
large hotels and larger boutiques. Most tourist shops
accept foreign currency, except small shops, during visits
and in supermarkets where you’ll need Egyptian pounds.
Edfu, Temple of Horus
Internet
Opening times
Offices are normally open from 9:00 am to 2:00 pm
every day, without interruption, except Friday and public
holidays. Banks are closed on Fridays and Saturdays.
Most shops are open from 10:00 am to 9:00 pm every
day except Sunday.
Note: during Ramadan, all opening times are modified.
Tipping
‘Bakchich’ is not only widespread in Egypt, but it is a
veritable institution. Anyone offering a service, however
small, expects a tip in return. For example, it is normal in
a restaurant, even when the service is included, to leave
a small tip.
Telephone
Cash and card payphones are found throughout Egypt
(cards are sold in small shops often close to the telephone
kiosks).
Mersa Alam
Internal transport
The fastest way to get from one tourist area to another
is by air (airports at Cairo, Alexandria, Luxor, Aswan,
Hurghada, Sharm El-Sheikh, Taba, Borg-el-Arab, Assiut).
Intercity buses and train are more economical. In town,
taxis and minibuses are an easy way of getting around.
Cairo has an underground system
Luxor, feluccas on the Nile
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ADDRESSES
Page 38
AUSTRIA
FRANCE
RUSSIA & UKRAINE
Ägyptische Botschaft
Ägyptisches Fremdenverkehrsamt
Opernring 3/3/301-303
1010 Wien - AUSTRIA
Tel.: (+43) 15 876 633
Bureau du Tourisme d'Egypte
90, avenue des Champs Elysées
75008 Paris - FRANCE
Tel.: (+33) 145 629 442
Egyptian Tourist Authority
87, Vavilova St.
Suite 16-17/4th Floor
Moscow 117 335 - RUSSIA
Tel.: (+74) 951 344 083
Email: [email protected]
BELGIUM, LUXEMBOURG & NETHERLANDS
Office du Tourisme d'Égypte
179, avenue Louise
1050 Bruxelles - BELGIUM
Tel.: (+32) 264 738 07
Email: [email protected]
Email: [email protected]
GERMANY
Ägyptisches Fremdenverkehrsamt
Kaiserstr. 66
60329 Frankfurt/M - GERMANY
Tel.: (+49) 692 523 19
Email: [email protected]
GREECE & TURKEY
Egyptian Tourist Authority
1st Floor - 5, Solonos Street
10671 Athens - GREECE
Tel: (+30) 210 360 6906
Local
Tourist Office
Addresses
Email: [email protected]
INDIA
Egyptian Consulate Tourism Office
48, World Trade Centre
Cuffe Parade
Mumbai 400 005 - INDIA
Tel.: (+91) 22 2218 95 43
Email: [email protected]
ITALY
Ufficio Turistico Egiziano
Via Bissolati, 19
00187 Roma - ITALY
Tel.: (+39) 064 874 219
Email: [email protected]
CANADA
Egyptian Tourist Authority
1253 McGill College Avenue, Suite 250
Montreal H3B 2Y5 - CANADA
Tel.: (+1) 514 861 4420
Email: [email protected]
Temple of Wadi el-Sebua
JAPAN
Embassy of Egypt
Egyptology & Tourist Promotion Office
Hoshima Bldg. 3F, 4-2,2- chome,
Azabudai, Minato-ku
Tokyo - JAPAN - 106 - 0041
Tel.: (+81) 335 89 06 53
CHINA
Email: [email protected]
Egyptian Tourist Office
Air China Plaza 1001A, No.36
Xiao Yun Rad Chaoyang District
Beijing - CHINA
Tel.: (+86) 108 447 5180
POLAND, CZECH REPUBLIC, HUNGARY & SLOVAKIA
Email: [email protected]
Email: [email protected]
Ambasada Egiptu Biuro ds. Turystyki
al. Niepodleglosci 69
02-626 Warszawa - POLAND
Tel.: (+48) 223 227 002
Email: [email protected]
SPAIN & PORTUGAL
Oficina de Turismo Egipto
Gran Vía, 78
Planta 8°
28013 Madrid - SPAIN
Tel.: (+34) 915 592 121
Email: [email protected]
SWEDEN, DENMARK, FINLAND & NORWAY
Embassy of Egypt Tourist Office
P.O. Box 3081
Drottninggatan 65
SE-103 61 Stockholm - SWEDEN
Tel.: (+46) 810 2548
Email: [email protected]
SWITZERLAND
Ägyptisches Fremdenverkehrsamt
Marktgasse, 59
3011 Bern - SWITZERLAND
Tel.: (+41) 313 112 210
Email: [email protected]
UNITED KINGDOM & IRELAND
Egyptian State Tourist Office
Egyptian House
170 Piccadilly
London W1J 9EJ - UNITED KINGDOM
Tel.: (+44) 207 493 5283
Email: [email protected]
USA
Egyptian Tourist Authority
630 Fifth Avenue
Suite 2305
New York 10111 - USA
Tel.: (+1) 212 332 2570
Email: [email protected]
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28/06/06
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Egyptian Tourist Authority - Misr travel Tower - Abbassia Square - Cairo - EGYPT
DDB Travel & Tourism - 443 247 168 RCS Paris - © Ch. Munds - J. Sierpinski – Pixtal – Graphic Obsession – Corbis – Diaporama – A. de Boistesselin – Masterfile – Author’s Image - Iconotec.
COUV pour impression
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