MERCEDES-BENZ TRIVIA CORNER
Transcription
MERCEDES-BENZ TRIVIA CORNER
` r January 2015 August, 2015 Newsletter of the Mile-High Section ● Mercedes-Benz Club of America OVER 500 COPIES DISTRIBUTED MONTHLY IN COLORADO, WYOMING, AND UTAH MERCEDES-BENZ TRIVIA CORNER TRIVIA: 12 March 1952 - Mercedes-Benz 300 SL Unveiled At the beginning of the 50s, Mercedes made its return to racing via the back door. The budget was small, and Formula 1 regulations were in constant flux. Re-entry into the world of sports car racing was the obvious solution. The six-cylinder engine which powered the type 300 official government cars was transformed into a racing engine with a new cylinder head and triple Solex downdraft carburetors. The engine and transmission were rather heavy, so weight had to be saved on the chassis and body. A tubular frame was designed, clad in aluminum bodywork with upward opening doors necessitated by the wide frame cross-section. The engine was canted at an angle of 50-degrees to the right to lower the hood line. The car was a masterpiece of intelligent design, and provided the driver with more comfort than any of the contemporary designs. coupe based on the W194's design. AUGUST SOCIAL - Aug. 19, 2015 @ 6:30PM IN THIS ISSUE….. Subject Page(s) Letter from the President, Bob Mashburn 2 Board Officers 2 Time Line of Automobile Industry 3-6 Preowned Cars for Sale - Backlot 7 Word Search Auto Manufacturers N-Z 8 2015 Event/Activity Schedule 9 Events Colorado School of Mines Geology North American Lotus Track Event Poker Run (Octoberfest) MBCA Mile High Annual Dinner Meeting Event Report Picnic at Maguireville 10 11 12 12 13 Answers Word Search Manufacturers N-Z 14 Harry Bays G V Goddard Nina Kazazian Andy Marinkovich Robert McCue Randall Updike Brett Mitchell Lynn Poulson Adam Stanchina Randall Updike If you have not received your New Member Packet or if you have questions about your membership, please contact MHS Membership Chair Person, Natalie Mashburn, by phone at 303-988-2710.. or by email at WonderVu @ 33492 Hwy 72 Golden, Colorado 80403 303-642-7197 [email protected] 1 Mile-High Section, Inc. of the Mercedes-Benz Club of America Letter From The President Bob Mashburn President, MileHigh Section Executive Board Officers President: Bob Mashburn …[email protected] Vice President: Behind The Wheel: Randy Williams …..…..303.799.4806………… [email protected] We are asking ourselves where has summer gone, Denver’s earliest snowfall is September 3rd! On the calendar for this month; Saturday, August 15th, we have a trip to Colorado School of Mines Geology Museum and lunch after at Grappa Mediterranean Bistro & Café in Golden; the monthly social is on August 19th at the Wondervu Café in Golden; August 23rd a drive from Denver to the Pikes Peak International Raceway; August 24th it’s track day at Pikes Peak International Raceway - still time to register at www.clubregistration.net. We still need a few volunteers for this event! Secretary: Niels Haubold..……..303-949-7673.……[email protected] Treasurer: Max Townsend….…….303.770.1128……....... [email protected] 2015 Mile-High Section Board Members Michael Davison……..720-233-7411……..,….. [email protected] Norm Franklin ….…..…. 303-789-3915…….…[email protected] Niels Haubold..……..303-949-7673.……[email protected] Natalie Mashburn.. 303-988-2710.. [email protected] th Mark your calendar for November 14 at 9:30am for breakfast at the Golden Corral in Sheridan, Colorado. We will be planning our 2016 Events and Socials for the year and we want your participation. Our Annual Member’s Meeting Dinner is at the Perfect Landing Restaurant on October 3, 2015. Please RSVP to [email protected] or call Bob or Natalie at 303-988-2710. The Perfect Landing is always a popular place. Mike Redel ….... ..303.637.0219……..…... [email protected] Lou Rogers… ...….303-466-3372….…... [email protected] Other Contacts Membership Chair Person Natalie Mashburn… .303-988-2710.. [email protected] Constellation Editor - Mile High Section Karen Redel.….303-637-0219……[email protected] National MBCA Officers August is when most kids go back to school here are a few starting dates; Adams County Schools: August 19th. th Denver Schools: August 24 . Jeffco Schools: August 17th. Let’s watch out for our future club members! Drive Safe, Arrive Alive Bob President Terry Kiwala…..…......312-286-0532…….….…[email protected] Vice President Laura Simonds..….…..650-592-7613….……[email protected] Rocky Mountain Regional Director Charlie Bennett….719-576-9737 ..…[email protected] . MBCA……… 1-800-637-2360…...www.mbca.org For a List of all MBCA Board Members, Please Refer to the STAR Magazine For a List of all MBCA Board Members, Please Refer to the STAR Magazine 2 TIMELINE OF AUTOMOBILE HISTORY - CONTINUED 1927: The price of oil plummets after discoveries of huge wells in Oklahoma and Texas 1927: In the USA it takes 70 man-days to make a car whereas in France it takes 300 1927: Volvo, a subsidiary of Sweden's ball-bearing manufacturer AB SKF, debuts its first car 1928: Ford makes cars in 21 countries, GM in 16 1928: Pierce Governor introduces the automatic choke 1928: BMW acquires Dixi and therefore enters the car market 1927: Henry Ford is forced to close the Dearborn Independent 1927: General Motors introduces the La Salle to fill the gap between the low-end Buick 6 and the highend Cadillac 1927: General Motors' Cadillac introduces the LaSalle, with smooth lines contrasting with the functional but angular shape of Ford cars 1927: Citroen is the largest car manufacturer in Europe and the fourth in the world 1928: Henry Ford builds Fordlandia, a town in the Amazon rainforest, to provide rubber for car tires, forbidding alcohol, women and tobacco 1927: There are more than 20 million cars in the USA and 55% of families own a car but more than 50% of cars sold are replacing old ones 1928: Chrysler acquires Dodge and introduces a budget car, the Plymouth, to compete with Chevrolet and Ford 1927: Ford finally stops production of the Model T (that has sold more than 15 million units) and introduces the massively advertised Model A, conceived by Henry Ford's son Edsel Ford, to respond to General Motors, and adopts the clutch that has become popular on General Motors cars 1929: General Motors acquires Opel and becomes the largest car manufacturer in Germany 1927: Dixi signs a licensing agreement to produce a variant of the Austin 7 1927: Chevrolet sells more cars than Ford 1928: Opel has a 37.5% market share of the German market 1929: Chrysler becomes the third largest car manufacturer in the USA after General Motors and Ford 1929: There are only 44 car manufacturers left in the USA, out of the 253 that existed in 1908 1929: 78% of the world's cars are in the USA, which produces more than 5.3 million cars and sells about 4.5 million (1.9 million sold by General Motors), compared with France's production of 211,000 and 3 Britain's 182,000, and there are now almost 27 million cars in the USA 1932: Car manufacturing has collapsed to 1.3 million in the USA 1929: The stock market crashes, causing vast losses in the car industry, and ruining Durant, who was repeatedly accused of inflating the stock market; and the crash is in part due to excessive consumer debts to purchase cars 1932: Ford introduces its own V8 engine, cast as a single unit, the largest engine for the mass market, and 14 car models that use it 1929: Chevrolet introduces a six-cylinder engine nicknamed "cast iron wonder" 1930: General Motors' Cadillac introduces the V16, featuring a 16-cylinder engine 1931: Ferdinand Porsche founds a company in Stuttgart (Germany) to design racing cars 1931: Morris introduces a new version of the Minor that, advertised as a 100-mph speed and 100 mpg fuel economy car, becomes a runaway success 1933: Hitler comes to power in Germany and launches a mass motorization program and a road and bridge construction program 1933: Citroen introduces the diesel engine for its Rosalie model 1933: Tobata Casting and Nihon form the Motor Vehicle Manufacturing (later renamed Nissan) to produce Datsun cars in Yokohama 1933: At the Chicago World's Fair General Motors exhibits Charles Kettering's improved diesel engine 1933: The New Deal sponsors road construction 1931: Mercedes introduces the independent front suspension & the 170, the first production car with four-wheel independent suspension 1934: Porsche-designed P-Wagen wins several races 1931: Rolls-Royce acquires Bentley 1934: Morris installs an assembly line at a new Cowley factory 1931: Toyo Kogyo introduces its first car, the Mazda-Go 1931: There are 807,783 miles of paved roads in the USA 1931: DAT becomes a subsidiary of Tobata and introduces a car named Datsun 1932: Ford manufactures one third of the world's cars but its workforce has been reduced from a peak of 170,000 in 1929 to 46,000 1932: Ford introduces the first car designed specifically for the British market, the Model Y 1934: Citroen introduces a car with an all-steel body and independent suspension, the Traction Avant, but the car is a flop 1934: Chrysler introduces the automatic overdrive 1934: REO introduces the automatic transmission 1934: Chrysler introduces overdrive 1934: Hans Ledwinka designs the Tatra 77, the first mass-produced streamlined car 1934: Chrysler introduces the eight-cylinder Airflow, that pioneers (and launches the vogue of) 4 streamlined (aerodynamic) design, designed in a wind tunnel, although its sales disappoint 1934: Bertone designs the Fiat Ardita 1937: Volkswagen is founded in Germany by the Nazi agency Deutsche Arbeitsfront to make cars that ordinary families can afford 1934: Porsche presents a plan for a "Volkswagen" to Hitler 1935: Michigan auto workers form the union United Automobile Workers (UAW) 1935: Studebaker introduces an all-steel roof 1935: There is one car for every 5 people in the USA 1937: General Motors introduces "the Automatic Safety Transmission" (AST) in Cadillac and Oldsmobile cars 1936: General Motors introduces "Knee-Action" suspension on all Chevrolets 1938: Volkswagen introduces the Type 1, designed by Ferdinand Porsche 1936: General Motors and Ford share almost 90% of the Japanese market 1938: Cadillac's 60 Special is a standard-size car that carries six passengers 1936: Two diesel cars are introduced in Germany, the Mercedes-Benz 260D and the Hanomag Rekord 1938: Nash introduces the "Conditioned Air System" designed by Eric Wahlberg 1936: BMW introduces the 328 Roadster, the most successful sports car before World War II 1938: Rudolf Caracciola driving a Mercedes-Benz sets the world record of over 200 miles per hour. 1936: Chrysler (25% of the market) passes Ford (22% of the market) as the second car manufacturer after General Motors (43%) 1938: General Motors adds the radio as an option on Buick models 1936: Strikes paralyze General Motors until General Motors signs the first union contract in the USA 1936: Fiat opens a futuristic factory at Mirafiori that debuts its assembly line to produce the 500 "Topolino" 1937: Fiat has more than 80% of the Italian market 1937: General Motors makes 40% of the cars of the USA 1938: General Motors introduces the Buick Y-Job, the first "concept car", featuring power windows, power convertible top, power door locks and power steering 1938: Ford introduces the Mercury, a low-entry luxury car to compete with General Motors' Buick 1939: Nash adds a thermostat to its "Conditioned Air System" for the "Weather Eye", the first HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) system for the mass market 5 1939: The Japanese government shuts down Ford's and GM's operations in Japan 1939: The radio and refrigerator manufacturer Crosley enters the car business with the cheapest car in the USA, the first "compact" car made in the USA 1939: Ford introduces the luxury convertible Lincoln Continental 1939: General Motors' Oldsmobile introduces the first fully automatic transmission, called the "Hydra-Matic Drive", advertised as "the greatest advance since the self-starter." 1939: World War II creates a huge demand for motor vehicles and aircraft engines 1939: The Japanese government orders Nissan to shift from cars to trucks 1940: Delahaye introduces the 135 convertible that can reach a speed of 93 miles per hour 1940: Chrysler's Plymouth introduces the new All Weather Air Control System 1942: All the car manufacturers of the USA stop production of civilian cars to help the military industry, e.g. General Motors produces engines for bombers, amphibious vehicles and tanks, Ford produces trucks, Willys-Overland produces jeeps 1945: At the end of the war the car manufacturers of the USA resume civilian production 1945: Ralph Teetor invents cruise control 1946: Renault introduces the 4CV 1946: Enzo Ferrari founds a company in Italy to build racing cars 1946: Michelin introduces steel-belted radial tires 1947: Chung Ju-yung founds Hyundai in South Korea 1947: Studebaker introduces the Starlight, designed by Robert Bourke, and the Champion, designed by Raymond Loewy 1948: General Motors' Buick introduces a new kind of automatic transmission, the Dynaflow 1941: General Motors has a market share of 44% in the USA 1948: The British appoint Heinz Nordoff to head the Wolfsburg factory in West Germany where Hitler's "people's cars" were made and he changes the name to Volkswagen 1941: Chrysler introduces the Town & Country Wagon 1948: General Motors' Cadillac passes Packard to become the USA's main luxury brand 1941: Willys starts producing the MB or "Jeep" for the army, with a special engine designed by Barney Roos 1948: Citroen introduces the 2CV, designed by Pierre-Jules Boulanger 1940: Chrysler adopts the sealed beam headlights 1948: Chrysler introduces the ignition key 1948: Goodrich introduces tubeless tires http://www.scaruffi.com/politics/cars.html TO BE CONTINUED 6 FOR SALE - MERCEDES-BENZ PRE-OWNED AUTOMOBILES The Back Lot Sales and Services for MB CA Members by MBCA Members FOR SALE 1971 280 SL. Exc. cond., 94,155 mi., Hard/soft top. Lt blue/dark blue int. Auto trans, A/C. $125,000. (303) 779-8239 or [email protected]. The Constellation Newsletter of the Mile-High Section, Inc., Mercedes-Benz Club America, Inc. Mile-High Section, Inc. MBCA, Publisher KAREN REDEL, Editor P.O. Box 16913, Golden, CO 80402 Phone: 303-637-0219 or Email: [email protected] Readers please support the advertisers appearing in this publication. However, no inference should be made that advertising in The Constellation implies approval of products or services by the publisher, the Mile-High Section, its officers or members, or by the Mercedes-Benz Club of America. We encourage editors of other Mercedes-Benz Club newsletters to reprint articles that may be of interest to their Section’s members. We appreciate credit being given to The Constellation. Those articles reprinted in The Constellation with permission from owners of copyrights on those articles may not be used without written permission from the original owners. Members are welcome to submit articles. Deadline for submission is the 10th of the month prior to the month the issue comes out. Articles should be relevant to the interests and activities of MBCA and its members. The Publisher reserves the right to edit or reject any article. Classified Advertising in The Constellation Members of the Mercedes-Benz Club of America, Inc. may advertise in The Constellation to buy, sell, or trade Mercedes-Benz automobiles and related items at no charge, provided no commercial venture is involved. Ads may include a photo. Copy for the classified advertising must be received in writing by the 10th of the month prior to the month of issue. Ads will be published one time. To re-run, the ad must be resubmitted. Current membership number must be included for free ads. LET US KNOW IF YOUR ITEM SELLS—MAKE ROOM FOR ADS FOR OTHER MEMBERS. Non-member and commercial venture advertising will be published at the rate of $10.00 for 3 lines per issue, plus $10.00 for a picture. Advertising in this category may run one, two or three times as requested and paid for in advance by the advertiser. Copy for the ads must be received by the 10th of the month prior to the month of issue and must be paid in advance, payable to Mile HighMBCA. Mail ads to: MILE-HIGH SECTION MBCA, 12245 HELENA ST., BRIGHTON, CO 80603 or Email to: [email protected] The publisher reserves the right to edit or reject any ad. 7 AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURERS WORD SEARCH N-Z P P O J R P L Y M O U T H P N I O D O U E Z T S Q Y M O V E E N A N P Y K U L O I R R Y G R T N I T M Z A L U S G A V A C I R H P U E D B C A H D D W E A O Y K S S T H E U N S Z S A C T I R M J E J W D R E K K R E C Y O R S L L O R U C R L R N P B R E L B M A R U T H O O S I A R A N G E R R P P S V W L A G C N Y H B T W M U H L E Y W T N K S U M F U C N E O S A A B U A A A G I I N E L V Q M V F N R R R R O Z M E B K A T O Y O T N T D B L T J Y D NASH PIERCEARROW PORSCHE RANGER SAAB STUDEBAKER TORNADO VOLKSWAGEN OLDSMOBILE PLYMOUTH RAMBLER RENAULT SATURN SUZUKI TOYOTA VOLVO PACKARD PONTIAC RAMTRUCKS ROLLSROYCE SHELBY TEMPO TRIUMPH YUGO 8 EVENT INFORMATION 2015 Event/Activity Schedule `Mile High Section Mercedes Benz Club For Latest updates and Info visit MHS website at www,milehighmbca.org 7/27/2015 Revision Date Location Activity Contact Contact Information Notes May August 8/6/2015 8/15/2015 8/19/2015 8/24 &25 September 9/10/2015 9/13/2015 9/16/2015 October 10/3/2015 10/9/2015 10/21/2015 November 11/5/2015 11/14/2015 11/18/2015 December 12/3/2015 12/5/2015 Board meeting B/N Mashburn's House Bob Mashburn 303-988-2710 [email protected] Geology Museum Colorado School of Mines Michael Davison 720-233-7411 [email protected] Monthly Social 6:30pm Wondervu - Golden Lou Rogers 303-550-6543 [email protected] Track Event Pikes Peak Raceway Bob Mashburn 303-988-2710 [email protected] Board meeting @ 7:00P Connie Salvatore's House Michael Davison 720-233-7411 [email protected] 21 West Dutch Creek Drive Littleton, CO 80123 Poker Run (Octoberfest) TBD Lou Rogers 303-550-6543 [email protected] Monthly Social 6:30pm Hurrican Grill Natalie Nashburn 303-988-2710 [email protected] Annual Member Meeting Perfect Landing Michael Davison 720-233-7411 [email protected] Reg. Event Enchanted Weekend Taos, New Mexisoo Dave Carpenter [email protected] Monthly Social 6:30pm TBD Lou Rogers 303-550-6543 [email protected] Board meeting Norm Franklin's House Norm Franklin 303-789-3915…….…[email protected] Plan 2016 Event Schedule@9:30am Golden Corral Sheridan, CO Bob Mashburn 303-988-2710 [email protected] Monthly Social 6:30pm TBD Lou Rogers 303-550-6543 [email protected] Board meeting TBD Holiday Party Mount Vernon CC Max Townsend 303-770-1128 [email protected] Private Room Mark your calendar for November 14th at 9:30am for breakfast at the Golden Corral in Sheridan, Colorado. We want your participation. We will be planning our 2016 Events and Socials for the year . 9 Colorado School of Mines Geology Museum Saturday, August 15, 2015, 10:00AM 1310 Maple St, Golden, CO 80401 General Research Laboratory (CRL) Building (Near the intersection of Maple St and Birch St/13th St) The Colorado School of Mines Geology Museum, home to one of the state’s two Goodwill Moon Rocks collected during the Apollo 17 Mission, was started in 1874 and displays minerals, fossils, gemstones, meteorites and historic mining artifact exhibits. The museum serves as the state repository for Colorado’s mineral heritage and promotes its importance and understanding to the university, community and the public. It aims to inspire scientific curiosity through education and research while encouraging appreciation of the earth and responsibility for its mineral, fossil, meteorite and historic mining treasures. Driving directions : From I-25: Take I-70 west, exit Highway 58 to Golden. Exit Washington Street and turn left to enter into downtown Golden. Turn right on 13th Street and left on Maple to enter campus. Luncheon is planned for Grappa Mediterranean Bistro & Café. Located at: 1027 Washington Ave, Golden, CO (Between 11th and 10th St ) From the School of Mines, take Illinois Street to 11th Street) Between 11th St and 10th St Payment is due by Friday, August 7, 2015 Colorado School of Mines Geology Museum Guided Tour, Saturday, August 15, 2015 Event Fee $5.00 Per Person Make your check payable to: Mile-High Section, MBCA Send check & this form to: Max Townsend, 6088 E. Otero Drive, Centennial, CO 80112 Name:___________________________________ Phone:____________________________ Email:_______________________________________________________________________ Number Attending ______ at $5.00 Per Person = Total $______ 10 TRACK EVENT SUNDAY, AUGUST 23 MONDAY, AUGUST 24 The North American Lotus Club is holding their national event in Colorado Springs on August 23rd and August 24th and they have invited MBCA to participate in this as a joint event. On Monday, August 24th they have rented Pike Peak International Raceway (PPIR) for the race course on which is planned an Advanced Driving Skills course. Participants for Advanced Driving Skills have their cars inspected before the event by their own mechanic with inspection areas listed. At the track we will simply check for loose objects, helmets, and secure batteries. We will have in car experienced instructors for novice and intermediate drivers. Cars will be grouped by driver experience and skills rather than the cars’ performance potential. There will also be classroom sessions for the drivers. It is important for our participants to understand that this is an educational event rather than a competitive event. Overtaking will require a wave-bye from the car being overtaken. As we discussed, we have done a handful of these events with Lotus, Ltd over the last five years that have proven to be fun, educational, and financially feasible combining participants from both clubs. Our members all tell me how much they enjoy driving their cars in this controlled environment and learning how to do this smoothly and safely. Track Day provides an exceptional opportunity for individuals to learn more about the performance capabilities of their cars, and to improve their driving skills in a safe, non-competitive environment under the supervision of experienced instructors. Participation is open to all types of cars, not just Mercedes Benz. All participating cars must pass a technical inspection and all drivers must attend a mandatory instructional session prior to being allowed on the track. Details on the conduct of the Track Day, along with Tech Inspection standards and the dates and times for these pre-requisite activities will be published soon. PPIR is located at 16650 Midway Ranch Road Fountain, CO 80817 off exit #122 on Interstate 25. If you want to drive or ride at high speeds on the famed Alan Wilson 1.3-mile road course, sign up for our track day on your registration. Check for specific instructions on how to sign up for the event. Only those individuals who have registered as participants in Track Day will be permitted to bring their vehicles onto the track. All other participants are welcome, but will have to remain behind all safety fencing in the paddock area or on the observation deck of the tower. Second, only attendees wearing their name tags will be allowed to enter the track facility and all will be required to sign insurance waivers prior to entry. Finally, there are no spectator stands in the paddock, so if you want something to sit on, you’ll have to bring it with you. Be aware, Track Day registration is limited to a total of 60 cars. Don’t get shut out. It’s going to be a great event with lots of track time for students and a separate run group for instructors who will be able to take student passengers to observe the proper line at (high) speed. We also hope to run pace laps during the lunch break to show people what it’s like to be on a dedicated race track. We are checking our insurance and with the track on the feasibility of this. August 24th, it’s track day at Pikes Peak International Raceway - still time to register at www.clubregistration.net. We still need a few volunteers for this event! Registration - Day of the event. There is a possibility we will have a pre-registration Sunday evening along with helmet checks. Make sure all drivers and spectators have appropriate credentials, waiver sign ins etc. (4 to 6 volunteers). We will also need help assembling student information packets. The distribution of the packets is not yet determined. If you have any questions, please contact Bob Mashburn at [email protected] or (303) 988-2710. 11 September 26, 2015 - Hold the Date Additional Information to Follow from Lou Rogers POKER RUN MBCA MILE HIGH ANNUAL DINNER MEETING MBCA MILE HIGH ANNUAL DINNER MEETING Our dinner is scheduled for Saturday, October 3, 6:30 to 9:30 pm, at The Perfect Landing Restaurant We will be limited to three menu items: Beef, Chicken or Seafood separate checks for each couple or single person will be provided Important: In Order To Provide An Accurate Head Count For This Dinner: Please Contact : Michael Davison Via Phone Or Email: 720-233-7411 [email protected] Please Reserve Your Spot No Later Than September 21, 2015 12 EVENT REPORT Pikes Peak Section July 11 Joint Section Picnic at Maguireville 13 AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURERS WORD SEARCH N - Z ANSWERS P I E R C E A R R O W E S + A NASH PIERCEARROW PORSCHE RANGER SAAB STUDEBAKER TORNADO VOLKSWAGEN P O N T I A C E + S L + A + T O D A N R O T C P I A + A + O + O + + + + I Y B A + T B + Y R + P + + K + O R R C + U N O P E + M U + M R E A + K A R T L + K Z E S + S L N Y S A R N Y T U A D T E L B G H U A R T M S L L B H + L M E + M G R D OLDSMOBILE PLYMOUTH RAMBLER RENAULT SATURN SUZUKI TOYOTA VOLVO O + O U C E + O A R T + I O + U + + S A + D R R R + U + + + T + R + + N + U U + M + + + + H O + + + + E C T P + + + + + P + + + + + K R H S H E L B Y N E G A W S K L O V L O V + + PACKARD PONTIAC RAMTRUCKS ROLLSROYCE SHELBY TEMPO TRIUMPH YUGO MAROON BELLS – ASPEN COLORADO 14