sun protection desk reference

2007
SUN PROTECTION DESK REFERENCE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COPPERTONE ® DELIVERS SUPERIOR PROTECTION . . . . . . .4
REAL WORLD TESTING
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
NEW TO THE COPPERTONE ® FAMILY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
CONVENIENT APPLICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
COPPERTONE ® HISTORY OF INNOVATION . . . . . . . . . . . .12
THE SPF SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
SUNCARE GLOSSARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
MEDIA CONTACT INFORMATION. Jennifer Zaitz, Edelman, 212-704-8222, [email protected]
2
A WINNING EQUATION FOR SUPERIOR SUN PROTECTION
3
A SUNSCREEN’S ABILITY TO PROTECT IS A FUNCTION OF THREE KEY FACTORS:
KEY FACTORS
OUTSTANDING SUNSCREEN FORMULATIONS
Protection from both UVA and UVB rays
that cause skin aging and burning
DURABLE FORMULATIONS
Photostable
Holds up in “real world” conditions
ULTRA-CONVENIENT FORMS
Making it easy for users to apply
and reapply like they should
NEW COPPERTONE® PRODUCTS DELIVER ON ALL OF THE KEY PROTECTION FACTORS
4
TH
SUNC
EXP
NEW COPPERTONE® PRODUCTS ARE FORMULATED TO PROVIDE SUPERIOR BROAD
N e w Co p p e r t o n e P ro d uc t s Ar e F o rm u l ated t o P rovi de
SPECTRUM PROTECTION
S u p e r io r B ro a d Sp e ct r um P ro t e ct i o n
UV Wavelengths Blocked
PROTECTS FROM
ALL UVA AND UVB
RAYS
SUNSCREEN INGREDIENTS
Avobenzone (Parsol 1789)
Oxybenzone
Homosalate
Octylsalicylate
Octocrylene
290
<
300
310
UVB
320
><
330
340
350
360
UVA
370
380
390
400
>
5
N e w C o pp e r t o ne
® P rod u c t s P rov i d e D u rabl e B ro a d
S p e c t ru m P ro te c t io n F ro m Ha r m fu l U VA/ U V B R a y s
NEW COPPERTONE PRODUCTS PROVIDE DURABLE BROAD SPECTRUM
PROTECTION FROM HARMFUL UVA/UVB RAYS
UVB
UVB Rays
UVA
UVA Rays
Think Burning Think Aging
UVB rays are the
main cause of
sunburn and also
c o n t r i b u t e
significantly
to
premature
skin
aging and skin
cancer
290
320
350
400
UVA rays
penetrate deeply
causing long term
damage:
• Premature skin
aging
Epidermis
• Wrinkles and
age spots
• Loss of
elasticity and
firmness
• Contributing to
skin cancer
Dermis
6
• Some burning
as well
C o p p e r to n e ® D eliv e r s S u pe r i or
U VA P ro t ec t io n
COPPERTONE® DELIVERS HIGH UVA PROTECTION
18.2
18.8
PFA Scores
18.2
17.4
17.0
15.8
14.1
9.6
Coppertone®
Water Babies
Pump Spray
SPF 50
Coppertone®
GP Continuous
Spray SPF 30
Coppertone®
GP Continuous
Spray Lotion
SPF 50
Coppertone®
GP Lotion
SPF 50
Aveeno®
Positively
Radiant
SPF 30
L'Oreal®
Anthelios SX
w/Mexoryl™
SX SPF 15
Neutrogena®
Age Shield
SPF 45 (with
Helioplex™)
Neutrogena®
Age Shield
SPF 30 (with
Helioplex™)
PFA testing is an internationally recognized methodology for measuring UVA protection.
This chart includes only select sunscreen products SPF 50 and below. Neutrogena® Ultra Sheer SPF 55 (w/Helioplex™)
reports a PFA of 20.8.
Sources (based on testing conducted by each manufacturer):
• Coppertone® PFA scores: Coppertone® Solar Research Center
• Neutrogena®/Aveeno® PFA scores: Public documents filed by Neutrogena Corp. in US District Court on 10/25/06
• L’Oreal® PFA scores: La Roche – Posay Anthelios SX with Mexoryl™ SX brochure
Trademarks depicted above are owned by their respective owners.
7
®
COPPERTONE
OUTDOOR USAGE TESTING GOES BEYOND FDA REQUIREMENTS
Coppertone® Oudoor Usage Test Go Beyond FDA Requirements
Outdoor Usage Tests
Recreate Summer Day
Experience:
• 3 hours of continuous sun exposure
between 10:30 am and 3:30 pm
with re-application
• Tested in sun and water environment
• Tested on days of high heat and humidity
• Includes periods of physical activity
• Testing on adults or children
depending on product tested
Ultra Sweatproof
• Tested to stay in place
during vigorous exercise
• Won’t run into your eyes
and cause stinging
8
Waterproof formulations keep
protecting even after 80 minutes
immersed in water
53
50
Coppertone®
Water Babies®
SPF 50
Measured SPF Values
52
53
50
Coppertone®
Sport®
Continuous Spray TM
SPF 50
Before Water Immersion
50
Coppertone®
ULTRAGUARD TM
SPF 50
After Water Immersion
Real World Testing Ensures Our Protection
Holds Up In Real Life
NEW TO THE COPPERTONE® FAMILY
New Coppertone ® Quick Cover™ Lotion Sprays …
The Easiest Lotions Ever!
#1 PediatricianRecommended
Brand
Durable
broad spectrum
protection from
UVA/UVB rays
Lotion spray
“shows where
it goes” for fast and
easy coverage
Oil-free,
fragrance free,
and hypoallergenic
New Coppertone Continuous Sprays™ …
The Convenient, Clear, No-Rub, SPF 50 Protection
Ultra Sweatproof –
won’t run into eyes and sting
Durable broad spectrum
protection from UVA/UVB rays
Moisture-Rich Sunless Tanning with Quick Application
Natural streak-free color
© 2006 Schering-Plough HealthCare Products, Inc.
Use as directed.
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CONSUMERS AGREE: AN EASIER AND BETTER WAY
FOR FAMILIES TO PROTECT THEMSELVES
In 2005
we revolutionized sun
protection with clear, no rub
Coppertone Continuous
Spray TM
In 2007
we do it again with
Coppertone ®
QuickCover TM
Lotion Sprays
% Users Agreeing*
73%
70%
BETTER than traditional lotions
86%
85%
EASIER than traditional lotions
93%
87%
LESS MESSY than traditional lotions
92%
88%
MORE LIKELY TO REAPPLY than traditional lotions
Because Coppertone® Sprays are...*
*Compared to traditional lotions
Ad source: Data on file, Schering-Plough HealthCare Corporation
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COPPERTONE CONTINUOUS SPRAYTM PRODUCTS
ARE NUMBER 1, 2, AND 3 SELLERS
#1
#2
#3
CoppertoneSport®
Continuous Spray
SPF 15
Coppertone
Sport®
Continuous
Spray SPF 30
Coppertone
Continuous
Spray TM SPF 30
*Source: AC Nielsen Year to Date Ending 12/23/06
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COPPERTONE®: AMERICA’S ORIGINAL SUNSCREEN
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HOW IT ALL STARTED
One of the first sunscreens was created during WWII by airman, and future pharmacist, Benjamin Green.
He helped develop a sun protective formula called ‘Red Vet Pet.’ Soldiers used this petroleum-based,
sticky red ‘goo’ to protect themselves from the South Pacific sun.
In 1944, Green used his invention as the basis for Coppertone Suntan Cream - the first consumer suncare
product in the USA. The more user-friendly mixture, with coca butter and jasmine, concocted by Green on
his wife’s stove and tested on his own bald head, was created for his customers in Miami Beach.
Coppertone®, the leader in sun protection, has come a long way since Green’s first homemade concoction. In
1957, Plough, Inc, (part of the Schering-Plough Corporation since 1971), acquired what was then known as the
Coppertone Sales Corporation. In 1971 the company opened the Coppertone Solar Research Center in Memphis,
Tennessee. Today, the Center is one of the world’s largest state-of-the art facilities for testing the efficacy of a
wide-range of suncare products to protect and enhance the skin.
WHO IS THE COPPERTONE BABY?
In 1959, a 3-year-old girl in pig-tails named Cheri Brand posed for a
family snapshot in the backyard of her Bronxville, NY home and soon
became Little Miss Coppertone, a symbol of summer and poster-girl for
the long-running Coppertone sunscreen ad campaign whose famous
slogans proclaim “Don’t be a Paleface!” and “Tan - Don’t Burn.“
Many people believe that Jodie Foster was the original Coppertone girl.
That is not true. Foster did, however, get her start in showbiz in a
Coppertone suntan-lotion ad in 1965. She was three years old at the time
and appeared in the ad as a toddler on a boat accompanied by her family.
Images property of Schering-Plough Corporation
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COPPERTONE NO. 6
The original Coppertone® fragrance was called Coppertone Perfume # 6 (apparently the first 5 iterations were not acceptable); this is
similar to how Chanel No. 5 got its name in that Chanel’s first 4 versions were rejected. The Coppertone archives only go back 45 years,
but looking back to 1961, we find Coppertone Perfume # 6 was not just used in one product but was already being used in a line of
Coppertone products, such as Noskote Ointment for the nose and lips, Coppertone Suncare Crème, Coppertone Oil Aerosol, (yes,
Continuous Spray in 1961!!), and even Quick Tan Lotion. The scent of Coppertone® continues to be used today and can be smelled in all
50 states of the U.S. as well as around the world in Coppertone® products in Brazil, Italy, Dubai, Canada, Mexico, and Japan.
INGREDIENTS:
Green Crushed Leaves
(Orange Tree Leaves)
Middle Note:
Floral (Lilac, Lavender, Orange Blossom,
Jasmine, Rose, Lilly Of The Valley, Ylang
Ylang) - Spicy - Herbal
Bottom Note:
Musky - Balsamic - Woody
LAVENDER
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JASMINE
THE SPF SYSTEM
A pioneer in suncare since its first product introduction in 1944, Coppertone® has continually invented products that provide sun
protection and meet performance needs for all ages, lifestyles and skin types. The brand is recognized around the world as a trusted
leader with high standards for testing sunscreens and providing quality products.
The introduction of SPF labeling followed work done in the early 1970’s by Schering-Plough scientists who developed the basic SPF
testing methodology used in the U.S. at the Coppertone Solar Research Center. The testing methods developed by Schering-Plough
were presented to and adopted by the FDA and incorporated into the 1978 FDA-proposed sunscreen monograph, forming the basis for
the SPF methods used today.
In 1977, Coppertone® was the first brand to cite SPF (Sun Protection Factor) on its labels in the U.S. and in 1978, Coppertone® was the
first to market an SPF 15 product: Coppertone Super Shade Sunblocking Lotion, SPF 15.
Sunscreens have changed in many ways over the years. The biggest change is that now sunscreens protect against both UVA and
UVB protection, whereas the very first sunscreens only offered low levels of UVB protection. The development of more advanced
sun-protective ingredients, formulations and delivery systems has made newer formulations easier to apply, as
opposed to the first sunscreens that were described as sticky and goo-like.
Coppertone® makes hundreds of sunscreens including products for the Coppertone Sport,
Oil-Free, WaterBabies and Kids lines. Coppertone also has a line of sunless tanning products
called CoppertoneMoisture Mist Tan Continuous Spray, a sunless tanning spray that offers
an easy way to a natural looking tan with quick application. The Coppertone® Continuous
SprayTM line provides durable broad spectrum UVA/UVB protection in a convenient,
easy-to-use spray. Coppertone® Quick CoverTM Lotion Sprays combine the convenience
of continuous spray with all the benefits of a lotion.
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GLOSSARY
AGE SPOTS
The brown or tan spots that appear on
exposed areas of the skin can be caused by
years of sun exposure. These spots, which
can resemble freckles but are larger, range in
size from a quarter of an inch to over an inch.
The spots are called age spots and sometimes referred to as "senile freckles." Future
age spots can be minimized by applying a
high-SPF sunscreen, (SPF 15 or higher),
whenever outdoors.
BASAL CELL CARCINOMA
Antioxidants in sunscreens neutralize free
radicals, thus protecting skin from being
damaged and allowing skin cells to repair
themselves (see Free Radicals).
The most common form of skin cancer, basal
cell carcinoma usually appears as slowgrowing, translucent, raised pearly nodules,
which, if untreated, may ulcerate and sometimes bleed. If detected and treated early,
there’s a greater than 95% cure rate.
AVOBENZONE
BENZOPHENONE
Avobenzone is a highly effective broad spectrum sunscreen ingredient offering superior
protection from UVA rays. There are many
ingredients and methods widely available to
all manufacturers to photostabilize
A class of sunscreen that includes oxybenzone, used in many U.S. products. These help
provide UVA and UVB protection and are
used in most Coppertone® products.
ANTIOXIDANTS
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Avobenzone. Photostabilized Avobenzone is
used in combination with other sunscreen
ingredients in many Coppertone® products
to provide excellent broad-spectrum protection from UVB and UVA rays. Avobenzone is
also known as Parsol® 1789 and butylmethoxydibenzoylmethane. (Parsol® 1789 is
a registered trademark of DSM Nutritional
Products, Inc.)
BROAD SPECTRUM
This refers to sunscreen products that contain
ingredients to protect against both UVB and
UVA rays. Coppertone® products with SPF 15
or more provide broad-spectrum protection
against UVB and UVA rays. Some broad spectrum sunscreens contain Parsol® 1789, aka
avobenzone to provide extra UVA protection
for those who are outdoors for long periods
of time or have sun-sensitive skin.
DEET
Also known as N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide,
DEET is the most common active ingredient
found in insect repellents today.
Coppertone® Bug & Sun, a dual protection
insect repellent and sunscreen, contains 10
percent DEET to repel annoying insects for
hours.
DIHYDROXYCACETONE (DHA)
Many products on the market provide the
"look" of a tan without sun exposure, and not
all are dyes or bronzers. Coppertone® "sun-
less" products such as Coppertone® Endless
Summer® Moisturizing Self-Tanners contain
dihydroxyacetone. This chemical combines
with amino acids in the outer layer of the
skin to produce a tan color. You control the
"tanning" intensity by the frequency of use.
With repeated applications, it’s easy to
achieve a darker tan. And the tan will not run
or wash off.
ECAMSULE
(also known by its trade name Mexoryl™SX)
is an active ingredient patented by L’Oreal®
and recently approved by the FDA for use in
one product Anthelios® SX daily moisturizing cream SPF 15.* The ingredient,
Mexoryl™ SX, claims to be effective against
short UVA rays as defined to be 320-340nm.
(Anthelios® SX is a registered trademark of
LA Roche-Posay Lab. Pharm.)
ERYTHEMA
Erythema, redness due to sunburn, is a visible sign of skin damage caused by overexposure to the sun’s ultraviolet rays. The amount
of sunlight needed to cause minimally perceptible sunburn is known as the minimal
erythema dose (MED).
FREE RADICALS
Molecules with an unpaired electron which
makes them highly reactive. Free radicals
contribute to short term skin damage, including sunburn, as well as long term damage
like skin cancer and photoaging.
HELIOPLEX™
is a name trademarked by the makers of
Neutrogena® to describe the technology or
combination of ingredients Neutrogena uses
to photostabilize Avobenzone. In 2006,
Helioplex™ can be found in a select number
of Neutrogena® suncare products. There are
many ingredients and methods widely available to all manufacturers to photostabilize
Avobenzone. For more than 5 years, the makers of Coppertone® have been formulating
sunscreens with photostabilized Avobenzone.
HOMOSALATE
Homosalate is a UVB sunscreen ingredient
that is often found in products with lower
SPF ratings or in combination with other sunscreens in higher-protection products. It is
used in some Coppertone® products.
HYPOALLERGENIC
This classification indicates that a product
has been specially formulated and tested to
be less likely to cause sensitive/allergic
reactions. All Coppertone® Water BABIES®
Sunscreen Lotions, and Coppertone Kids®
products, as well as Coppertone® Self
Tanner products are hypoallergenic.
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INCIDENTAL SUN EXPOSURE
MINIMAL ERYTHEMA DOSE (MED)
NON-COMEDOGENIC
Incidental sun exposure is the kind of exposure received unintentionally during everyday
activities. For the average person, incidental
time spent in the sun is projected to account
for 80 percent of his or her lifetime exposure.
For this reason, dermatologists emphasize
the need to protect the skin with clothing or
a high-SPF sunscreen (SPF 15 or above) on a
daily basis.
The skin’s reaction to sun exposure varies
according to the individual. Each skin type is
able to accept a specific amount of UV rays
before burning. The amount of time an individual can stay in the sun before burning
reflects the minimal erythema dose (MED).
The MED and expected sun exposure, in turn,
determines the proper SPF for a skin type.
A product that is non-comedogenic will not
clog the skin’s pores. Non-comedogenic sunscreen products, especially designed for
those who experience frequent or occasional
breakouts, include Coppertone® Oil Free
products and Coppertone® Oil Free Sunless
Tanner Light/Medium and Dark.
OCTYL SALICYLATE
NANOMETER
MELANOMA
The most dangerous of all skin cancers,
melanoma is characterized by the uncontrolled growth of pigment-producing tanning
cells (melanocytes). If detected in the early
stages, melanoma can often be treated successfully, but in the later stages it spreads to
other organs and can result in death.
MEXORYL™ SX
See Ecamsule
18
This is the unit used to measure the wavelengths of solar radiation, including the
shortest wavelengths, ultraviolet rays, which
are responsible for sunburn, photoaging, and
certain kinds of cancer.
N, N-DIETHYL-M-TOLUAMIDE
Also known as DEET, this is the most common active ingredient found in insect repellents today. Coppertone® Bug & Sun, a dual
protection insect repellent and sunscreen,
contains 10 percent DEET to repel annoying
insects for hours.
A relative of homosalate, this UVB sunscreen
ingredient is used in lower-SPF products or
combined with other sunscreen ingredients
in products of higher SPF.
OTHER INGREDIENTS
Suncare products contain other components
such as emulsifiers (to facilitate permanent
mixing of oil and water in formula) and
preservatives (to guard against spoilage).
Moisturizers are also a very important part of
the formula since they soften skin and help
prevent drying. Additionally, many suncare
products contain a variety of special ingredi-
ents such as vitamin E and aloe. Exotic oils,
such as mink, jojoba and coconut, contribute
to the cosmetic appeal and feel of a product.
OXYBENZONE
A common sunscreen used in combination
with other sunscreens to provide broad-spectrum protection.
OZONE
A gas composed of three atoms of oxygen
(03), which partially filters out certain wavelengths of ultraviolet radiation before reaching the earth.
OZONE LAYER
This is the scattered layer of ozone molecules found in the stratosphere, located six
to twenty-five miles above the earth’s surface. The ozone layer partially filters out certain wavelengths of UV radiation from the
sun, preventing these rays from reaching the
earth.
PABA-FREE
Para-aminobenzoic acid was considered one
of the most effective sunscreens for many
years, but it is no longer used in
Coppertone® products. PABA can stain
clothing and sting skin.
PADIMATE O
A PABA derivative, this water-resistant sunscreen ingredient is sometimes used for UVB
protection in U.S. products. (Also called octyl
dimethyl PABA.)
PHOTOAGING
Dermatologists use this term when referring
to certain types of sun-induced skin damage.
Photoaging is a process that starts in youth,
although the more obvious skin changes,
such as wrinkles, freckles, leathery texture
and loss of elasticity, may not become evident for decades. Using a high-SPF sunscreen (SPF 15 or above) on a regular basis
can help protect the skin from further damage. There is also evidence to suggest that
the skin has the ability to heal itself if protected, thereby reversing some of the signs
of photoaging.
PHOTOSENSITIVITY
In certain situations, exposure to ultraviolet
radiation can cause skin reactions, such as
exaggerated sunburn. For example, people
who are taking certain antibiotics, tranquilizers, diuretics and other drugs may experience photosensitivity. The skin reaction may
consist of swelling, itching, inflammation, or
a rash. Some perfumes and citrus oils can
also cause phototoxic reactions. Individuals
who experience photosensitive reactions are
often advised by their physicians to minimize
exposure to sunlight, protect the skin with
clothing and use a high-SPF broad-spectrum
sunscreen (SPF 30, 45 or 50).
PHOTOSTABILITY
"Photostability" refers to the ability of a sunscreen ingredient to maintain its protective
power and not break down during exposure
to UV rays. For more than 5 years, the mak-
19
ers of Coppertone® have been formulating
sunscreens with photostabilized Avobenzone
to provide longer lasting UVA protection.*
There are many ingredients and methods
widely available to all manufacturers to photostabilize Avobenzone.
PROTECTION FACTOR A (PFA)
The PFA (protection factor A) method is
based on the minimal response dose (MRD),
which is the smallest UVA dose that produces a minimal erythema or tanning
response. The response is evaluated 22 to 24
hours after exposure, and is stable, reproducible and clinically significant, in that the
action spectra for erythema and tanning are
similar to those for skin cancer and photoaging. Further, the test is performed using
human subjects with skin types I, II and III,
who are the individuals who have the greatest need for sun protection. The UVA protection factor, PFA, is the ratio of the MRD for
sunscreen-protected skin to that for unprotected skin.
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SKIN AGING
It is important to distinguish between the
changes that occur normally with the passage of time from those that are the consequence of sun over exposure. Many skin
changes, such as premature wrinkles, leathery skin, some freckles and other dark spots
result from chronic unprotected sun exposure. In fact, it is estimated that overexposure to the sun accounts for 80 percent of
the effects we call aging skin. Changes that
are attributable to aging include increased
dryness, decreased sweating, and changes in
hair growth and facial contours. The aging
process also affects the skin’s ability to protect itself. The rate of cell production and
turnover slows down with age making cell
repair less effective. The epidermis - the
outer layer of the skin - becomes thinner, and
melanocytes gradually lose their pigmentproducing ability, thereby reducing the protection they offer the skin. Those who formerly spent a great deal of time in the sun
without using sunscreens can prevent further
damage by using a high-SPF sunscreen on a
regular basis. This action may actually allow
the skin to repair some signs of sun-induced
damage. Coppertone® Water BABIES®,
Coppertone Kids®, Coppertone® Sprectra
3® and Coppertone Sport® products offer
effective sun protection and moisturizing
agents important for all ages.
SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
A common form of skin cancer, squamous
cell carcinoma, appears as nodules or red,
scaly patches and can metastasize if
untreated. While the cure rate is very high if
treated early, squamous cell carcinoma can
result in death.
SUNBLOCK
Sunblock is a term generally used to refer to
products in the higher SPF (15, 30, 45, 50)
categories of protection. No product is a
total sunblock. That is why some tanning can
occur even when high SPF products are used.
All suncare products with SPF values on the
label contain sunscreening ingredients for
sunburn protection.
SUNBURN
The most common adverse reaction to the
sun is the ordinary sunburn -- also known as
erythema. Burns from the sun are induced
primarily by UVB radiation. The injury they
cause is characterized by delayed redness
and swelling followed by tanning and peeling. Sometimes the skin darkens without first
reddening, but that does not mean that the
damage has not occurred. Chronic sun damage and sunburns especially in the first 18
years of life can result in dry, wrinkled skin
and possibly skin cancer in later life.
SUN PROTECTION FACTOR (SPF)
The Sun Protection Factor (SPF) is a ratio
between the ultraviolet dose required to produce minimal erythema reaction (redness) in
protected skin (skin with sunscreen) com-
pared to unprotected skin (skin without any
sunscreen). The SPF number indicates how
many times longer a person can stay in the
sun before beginning to burn while wearing
sun protection than if he or she was not
wearing any sunscreen at all. This amount of
time varies from one individual to another.
For example, Coppertone® SPF 15 lotion
allows a person to remain in the sun without
burning 15 times longer than if that same
person did not use the product. SPF numbers
usually range from 2 to 50. Most dermatologists recommend that people use a sunscreen with a SPF of 15 or higher. It should
be applied liberally before exposure to the
sun and reapplied often. Reapplication is
necessary more frequently if the user swims,
engages in sustained vigorous activity, perspires heavily or towels off.
SUNSCREENS
All sun protection products labeled with a
SPF of 2 or higher are considered sunscreens. Sunscreen agents absorb, reflect or
scatter UV light. Most lotions and oils work
by forming a surface layer of sunscreen
ingredients on the skin, which absorb the
sun’s UV rays exposed before they can penetrate the skin.
SUN-EXPOSED AREAS OF THE SKIN
Particular areas of the body are more likely
to burn due to continued sun exposure than
other parts of the body. These include the
ears, lips, cheekbone area, nose, top of the
head and shoulders. Don’t forget these areas
when applying sunscreen. Also, protecting
one’s eyes with UV blocking sunglasses is
very important since ultraviolet light may
damage the eyes, leading to cancer of the
eyelids and conjunctiva (the membrane covering the eyeball and lining the lids), as well
as to the development of cataracts.
21
SWEATPROOF FORMULA
(Ultra Sweatproof)
Some products bond to the skin on contact,
allowing sunscreens to provide protection
despite sweating without leaving a noticeable residue. Sunscreens such as Coppertone
Sport® Ultra Sweatproof Dry Lotion allow fitness enthusiasts to enjoy outdoor activities
with the confidence that the sunscreen will
not leave a greasy residue to affect their grip
or run into their eyes and cause stinging.
TANNING/BURNING PROCESS
When sunlight stimulates the melanocytes,
they produce melanin. Melanin is the brown
pigment that gives the skin its tanned
appearance. The darkening or tanning of the
skin caused by melanin is one of nature’s
ways of protecting the underlying basal layer
form further sun exposure. However, even as
this natural process is taking place, sunburn
22
can also occur, causing damage to the epidermis and the dermal layer below that. Sunburn
damage occurs before you are able to see or
feel it. Frequently, sunburn occurs before tanning. It is not true that a tan will completely
protect the skin from burning.
TITANIUM DIOXIDE, ZINC OXIDE
Ingredients that reflect, absorb and scatter
UV rays are called inorganic or "physical"
sunscreens. They form protective barriers to
UV penetration of the skin and provide UVA
and UVB protection.
ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION:
UVA, UVB, UVC:
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is part of the sun’s
spectrum – wavelengths shorter than visible
light. Ultraviolet rays are divided into UVA
(320-400 nanometers), UVB (290-320 nm) and
UVC (<290 nm). The UVA spectrum is further
divided into UVA II (320-340nm) and UVA I
(340-400nm). UVB rays are the primary cause
of sunburning, premature aging of the skin
and development of skin cancer. UVA rays are
more constant year-round and penetrate
deeper into the skin’s layers; UVA rays are
also harmful and contribute to burning, premature aging of the skin, and the development of certain forms of skin cancer. UVC
rays are blocked by the ozone layer and do
not reach the earth’s surface. Tanning beds
primarily emit UVA rays. This kind of exposure does not show immediate signs of damage, but over time, breaks down the skin’s
collagen and elastic and thereby can accelerate wrinkles, leathery skin and skin cancers.