PROF. AHMED B. SHURAIM Structural Design and Construction

Structural Design and Construction
Aspects in The Saudi Building Code
PROF. AHMED B. SHURAIM
KING SAUD UNIVERSITY
The Saudi Standards, Metrology and Quality Organization (SASO)
Governor’s advisor - KSA
The Saudi International Building & Construction
Technologies 11th- 12th May, 2015
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
Presentation outline
 Code’s aims, challenges, and potential
benefits
 Design criteria and Process
 Construction Documents & Inspections
 Construction Requirements in SBC 304
 Materials compliance with Standards
 Overview of Structural codes contents
and References
 Concluding remarks
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
The Code aims and intents
Safety/Strength
Durability
Serviceability
If followed &
implemented
The code can
achieve
Stability
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
Protection from
environmental hazards
Limitations & Challenges
Does not ensure Economical
design
Set minimum Req.
Requires
accurate
zonation
data: rain,
Temp, flood,
wind, seismic
Does not
cover special
structures
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
Building Code
/Structural
Challenges
Can be
challenging for
building officials
to verify
compliance
Mixed of prescriptive
and performancebased
Requires
highly
qualified
Personnel
Requires testing
Laboratories &
Standards
compliance
PART 1- GENERAL GENERAL
REQUIREMENTS
SBC 304 shall govern in all matters pertaining to
design and construction of structural concrete.
2. SBC 304 shall govern in all matters pertaining to
design, construction, and material properties.
3. For special structures, such as arches, tanks, reservoirs,
bins and silos, blast-resistant structures, and chimneys,
provisions of SBC 304 shall govern where applicable.
4. SBC 304 does not govern design and installation of
portions of concrete piles, drilled piers, and caissons
embedded in ground and soil-supported slabs
1.
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
Understanding the Code potential
benefits
A Catalyst for
Economical
design
Legal Protection
for Engineer
A tool for Value
Engineering
Building Code
/Structural
potential benefits
A tool for
sustainability
Protect owner
rights
A Catalyst for
design
uniformity
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
Building Code /Structural divisions
Design
aspects and
criteria
Materials &
Standards
Building
Code
/Structural
covers
Construction
Documents &
Inspections
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
Construction
Requirements
Structural Design Process
Functional
Requirements
Local
conditions
𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑏𝑦 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐸𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑟𝑠
SBC 301
Loading &
FORCES
Design of
elements and
systems on
design criteria
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
Live loads
Environmental
loads
Structural
system
Design
Drawings &
Documents
Load
combinations
Structural
Design
Aspects
SBC 304:
Concrete
Structures
Seismic req.
Structural
Modeling &
Analysis
Loading & Analysis
1.4.4 Analysis. Load effects on individual structural members shall be
determined by methods of structural analysis that take into account
equilibrium, general stability, geometric compatibility, and both short- and
long-term material properties. Members that tend to accumulate residual
deformations under repeated service loads shall have included in their
analysis the added eccentricities expected to occur during their service life.
1.4.5 Counteracting Structural Actions. All structural members and
systems, and all components and cladding in a building or other structure,
shall be designed to resist forces due to earthquake, wind, soil and
hydrostatic pressure and flood loads, with consideration of overturning,
sliding, and uplift, and continuous load paths shall be provided for
transmitting these forces to the foundation.
1.4.6 Self-straining Forces. Provision shall be made for anticipated
self-straining forces arising from differential settlements of foundations and
from restrained dimensional changes due to temperature, moisture,
shrinkage, creep, and similar effects.
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
Construction Documents
SBC 301: 1.3.1
General. Construction documents shall show the
size, section and relative locations of structural members with floor levels,
column centers and offsets fully dimensioned. The design loads and other
information pertinent to the structural design required by Sections 1.3.1.1
through 1.3.1.7 shall be clearly indicated on the construction documents for
parts of the building or structure.
SBC 304: 1.2.1 Copies of design drawings, typical details, and specifications
for all structural concrete construction shall bear the seal of a registered
structural engineer. These drawings, details, and specifications shall
show:
(a) Name and date of issue of code to which design conforms;
(b) Live load and other loads used in design;
(c) Specified compressive strength of concrete at stated ages;
(d) Specified strength or grade of reinforcement;
(e) Size and location of all structural elements, concrete cover,
reinforcement, and anchors;
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
REQUIRED VERIFICATION AND INSPECTION OF
CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION
VERIFICATION AND INSPECTION
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Inspection of structural layout and members
dimensions for compliance with approved design
drawings and construction tolerances

Inspection
of
reinforcing
steel,
including
prestressing tendons, and placement.
Inspection of formwork
Inspection of concrete mix
a.
Verify the use of required design mix
b.
Verify that the delivery is from certified
batch plant
At the time fresh concrete is sampled to fabricate
specimens for strength tests, perform slump and
determine the temperature of the concrete.
Inspection of concrete placement for proper
application techniques.
Inspection of curing techniques and hot weather
requirements.
Inspection of prestressed concrete:
Verification of in-situ concrete strength,
prior to stressing of tendons in posttensioned concrete and prior to removal of
shores and forms from beams and structural
slabs.
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
CONTINUO PERI
US
ODIC
REFERENCE
STANDARD
X
X
SBC 304 (3.5, 7.1-7.7)
X
SBC 304 (6.1-6.2)
X
X
SBC 304 (4, 5.2-5.4)
ASTM C 172
ASTM C 31
SBC 304 (5.6, 5.8)
X
X
SBC 304 (5.9, 5.10)
X
SBC 304 (5.11-5.13)
X
SBC 304 (6.2)
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
Design professional in responsible
charge
 When it is required that documents be prepared by a registered design
professional, the building official shall require the owner to engage and
designate on the building permit application a registered design
professional who shall act as the registered design professional in
responsible charge.
 The registered design professional in responsible charge shall be
responsible for reviewing and coordinating submittal documents
prepared by others, including phased and deferred submittal items, for
compatibility with the design of the building.
 Where structural observation is required, the inspection program shall
name the individual or firms who are to perform structural observation
and describe the stages of construction at which structural observation
is to occur.
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
DUTIES AND POWERS OF
BUILDING OFFICIAL
 104.1 General. The building official shall have the authority to render
interpretations of this code. Such interpretations, policies and
procedures shall be in compliance with the intent and purpose of this
code. Such policies and procedures shall not have the effect of waiving
requirements specifically provided for in this code.
 104.2 Applications and permits. The building official shall receive
applications, review construction documents and issue permits, inspect
the premises for which such permits have been issued and enforce
compliance with the provisions of this code.
 104.4 Inspections. The building official shall make all of the required
inspections, or shall have the authority to accept reports of inspection by
approved agencies or individuals. Reports of such inspections shall be in
writing and be certified by a responsible officer. The building official is
authorized to engage such expert opinion as deemed necessary to report
upon unusual technical issues that arise, subject to the approval of the
appointing authority.
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
BUILDING OFFICIAL QUALIFICATIONS
A101.1 Building official. The building official shall have at least 10 years’
experience or equivalent as an architect, engineer, inspector, contractor or
superintendent of construction, or any combination of these, five years of
which shall have been supervisory experience. The building official should
be certified as a building official through a recognized certification program.
The building official shall be appointed or hired by the applicable governing
authority.
A101.2 Chief inspector. The building official can designate supervisors to
administer the provisions of the Code. They shall be certified through a
recognized certification program for the appropriate trade.
A101.3 Inspector and plan examiner. The building official shall
appoint or hire such number of officers, inspectors, assistants and other
employees as shall be authorized by the jurisdiction. The inspector or plan
examiner shall be certified through a recognized certification program for
the appropriate trade.
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
BOARD OF APPEALS





B101.1 Application. The application for
appeal shall be filed on a form obtained from
the building official within 20 days after the
notice was served.
B101.2 Membership of board. The board
of appeals shall consist of persons appointed
by the chief appointing authority as follows:
1. One for five years; one for four years; one
for three years; one for two years; and one for
one year.
2. Thereafter, each new member shall serve
for five years or until a successor has been
appointed.
The building official shall be an ex officio
member of said board but shall have no vote
on any matter before the board.
B101.4 Board decision. The board
shall modify or reverse the decision of
the building official by a concurring
vote of two-thirds of its members.
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
B101.2.2 Qualifications. The board of appeals
shall consist of five individuals, one from each of the
following professions or disciplines:
1. Registered design professional with architectural
experience or a builder or superintendent of building
construction with at least ten years’experience, five of
which shall have been in responsible charge of work.
2. Registered design professional with structural
engineering experience
3. Registered design professional with mechanical
and plumbing engineering experience or a
mechanical contractor with at least ten years’
experience, five of which shall have been in
responsible charge ofwork.
4. Registered design professional with electrical
engineering experience or an electrical contractor
with at least ten years’ experience, five of which shall
have been in responsible charge of work.
5. Registered design professional with fire protection
engineering experience or a fire protection contractor
with at least ten years’ experience, five of which shall
have been in responsible charge of work.
Overview of SBC 304
Construction
Requirements
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
Concrete Construction in SBC-304
PART 6-SPECIAL
CONSIDERATIONS
PART 1GENERAL
PART 2STANDARDS FOR
TESTS AND
MATERIALS
SBC-304 Main Parts
PART 5STRUCTURAL
SYSTEMS OR
ELEMENTS
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
PART 4-GENERAL
Design
REQUIREMENTS
PART 3CONSTRUCTION
REQUIREMENTS
SBC-304: PART 3-CONSTRUCTION
REQUIREMENTS
DURABILITY
REQUIREMENTS
DETAILS OF
REINFORCE
MENT
PART 3CONSTRUCTION
REQUIREMENTS
FORMWORK, EMBEDDED
PIPES, AND CONSTRUCTION
JOINTS
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
CONCRETE
QUALITY,
MIXING, AND
PLACING
SBC-304: CONCRETE QUALITY,
MIXING, AND PLACING
Selection of concrete
proportions
Proportioning
mixtures
Hot weather
requirement
CONCRETE QUALITY,
MIXING, AND
PLACING
Average strength and
Evaluation and
acceptance
Mixing ,Conveying,
Placing and Curing
Preparation of equipment
and place of deposit
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
Elements of concrete provisions
SECTION 5.6
EVALUATION AND ACCEPTANCE OF CONCRETE
5.6.1 Concrete shall be tested in accordance with the requirements of
Section 5.6.2 through 5.6.5. Qualified field testing technicians shall
perform tests on fresh concrete at the job site, prepare specimens required
for curing under field conditions, prepare specimens required for testing
in the laboratory, and record the temperature of the fresh concrete when
preparing specimens for strength tests. Qualified laboratory technicians
shall perform all required laboratory tests.
Ready-mixed concrete shall be mixed and delivered in accordance with
requirements of "Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete" (ASTM C 94)
or "Specification for Concrete Made by Volumetric Batching and
Continuous Mixing" (ASTM C 685).
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
SBC-304: FORMWORK, AND
CONSTRUCTION JOINTS
Design of
formwork
Construction
joints
FORMWORK,
EMBEDDED
PIPES, AND
CONSTRUCTION
JOINTS
Conduits and pipes
embedded in
concrete
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
Removal of
forms, shores,
and reshoring
Examples of FORMWORK
provisions
DESIGN OF FORMWORK
6.1.5 Design of formwork shall include consideration of the following
factors:
(a) Rate and method of placing concrete;
(b) Construction loads, including vertical, horizontal, and impact loads;
(c) Special form requirements.
REMOVAL OF FORMS, SHORES, AND RESHORING
6.2.2.1 Before starting construction, the contractor shall develop a
procedure and schedule for removal of shores and installation of reshores
and for calculating the loads transferred to the structure during the
process.
(a)The structural analysis and concrete strength data used in planning and
implementing form removal and shoring shall be furnished by the
contractor to the
when so requested;
(c) Sufficient strength shall be demonstrated by structural analysis
considering proposed loads, strength of forming and shoring system, and
concrete strength data.
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
Overview of Structural codes
References and contents
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
Code References
OTHER TECHNICAL
COMMITTEE
INCLUDING:
ARCHITECTURAL,
ADMINISTRATIVE,
MECHANICAL,
ELECTRICAL,
PLUMBING, FIRE
SAFETY, SPECIAL
SEISMIC
SAUDI BUILDING CODE NATIONAL
COMMITTEE
CONSULTATIVE
COMMITTEE
STRUCTURAL
TECHNICAL COMMITTEE
Based on chapter 18 of
IBC, and a number of
codes and standards
Based on chapter 22 of
IBC and on AISC-LRFD
Based on chapter 21 of
IBC,and ACI-530-02
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
Soils and Foundations
Workgroup
SBC 303
Steel
workgroup
SBC 306
Masonry
Workgroup
SBC 305
Reinforced concrete
Workgroup
SBC 304
Testing and inspections
Workgroup
SBC 302
Design loads
workgroup
SBC 301
Based on chapter
19 of IBC,
ACI-318 and other
ACI standards
Based on chapter 17
of IBC and other
standards
Based on chapter 16
of IBC,and ASCE-702
SBC 301: Design Loads for Buildings and
Structures
Chapter
Chapter
Chapter
Chapter
Chapter
Chapter
Chapter
Chapter
Chapter
Chapter
Chapter
Chapter
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Chapter
Chapter
Chapter
Chapter
13
14
15
16
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
General
Combination of loads
Dead loads
Live loads
Soil and hydrostatic pressure and flood loads
Wind load criteria
Design wind load procedures
Rain loads
Seismic design criteria
Seismic design requirements for building structures
Material specific seismic design and detailing requirements
seismic design requirements for non-structural
components
Seismic design requirements for nonbuilding structures
Site classification procedure for seismic design
Quality assurance and supplemental provisions
Existing building provision
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
CONCLUDING REMARKS
1) The presentation highlighted a number of key issues relevant to
the role, challenges and potential benefits that can be taken into
consideration
2) The structural codes comprised four areas:
a) Design criteria and Process
b) Construction Documents Requirements & Inspection schemes
c) Construction Requirements
d) Materials compliance with Standards
3) The presentation implicitly shows requirements for personnel
qualifications for designers, inspectors, and building officials
4) Successful implementation of the code requires education and
training of engineers to digest codes provisions and intents as
well as proper administrative and inspection schemes.
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
Thank you
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
Brief biography
Ahmed B Shuraim is a professor of civil/Structural engineering at King Saud University,
Saudi Arabia, obtained his MSC and PhD from University of Michigan Ann Arbor.
Prof. Shuraim has published a number of scientific articles in distinguished ISI-journals, and recently he has
achieved a patent in the field of structural engineering from USPTO.
Currently he works as an advisor to the governor of SASO (Saudi Standards, metrology and Quality org.). He
is an active members on many committees involved in Building Code development in Saudi Arabia and the
Gulf states. He is a member of the National committee on the Saudi building code (SBC) and the chairman of
the structural committee in charge of various topics of structural requirements for concrete, steel, masonry,
soils and foundations, and minimum design loading.
He is also the chairman the structural committee in charge of developing building codes for the Arabian gulf
states (GCC). His membership in scientific society includes ASCE, ACI, ASTM, NFPA, SEI as well as local
engineering societies.
For more information: http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/ashuraim/default.aspx
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim