Click It with Feeling
Transcription
Click It with Feeling
Click It with Feeling Driving Traffic Through Emotional Responses DAVE SNYDER RAUBI MARIE PERILLI LIZZIE SEEHOUSE JAIME SPECTOR Copypress is THE Content Lifecycle Company Illustrations by: www.copypress.com Click It with Feeling Driving Traffic Through Emotional Responses Written by: Dave Snyder Lizzie Seedhouse, Raubi Marie Perilli, Jaime Spector Table of Contents Chapter 5: Amazement & Vigilance...................................... 25 Amazement..............................................................................................................25 Vigilance....................................................................................................................28 Introduction The Concept Behind Plutchik’s Wheel..................................... i Create Emotionally Provoking Content Chapter 1: What’s It All About & Why Does It Matter?.......... 3 And My Point Is?....................................................................................................... 3 Most People’s Problem........................................................................................... 4 Why Should You Care?............................................................................................ 5 Coming Full Circle on the Wheel of Emotions.............................................30 Put an Emotional Spin on a Boring Topic Chapter 6: Topics that Take Readers for a Ride................... 35 The Roller Coaster Wheel of Emotions...........................................................35 Emotional Appeal Isn’t Always Obvious.........................................................36 The Best Emotional Appeal Isn’t Always Obvious......................................36 Are You Ready for the Ride?................................................................................37 The Psychology Behind It All................................................................................ 6 Chapter 7: Ecstasy & Grief..................................................... 39 What Does This Mean For Writers & Publishers?........................................... 6 Ecstasy........................................................................................................................39 A Few Words of Advice........................................................................................... 6 Grief.............................................................................................................................41 The Balance................................................................................................................ 7 Chapter 8: Admiration & Loathing....................................... 45 Chapter 2: Grief & Ecstasy....................................................... 9 Admiration................................................................................................................45 Grief............................................................................................................................... 9 Loathing.....................................................................................................................48 Ecstasy........................................................................................................................11 Chapter 9: Terror & Rage....................................................... 51 Grief vs. Ecstasy.......................................................................................................12 Rage............................................................................................................................51 Chapter 3: Admiration & Loathing....................................... 13 Terror...........................................................................................................................53 Admiration................................................................................................................13 Chapter 10: Vigilance & Amazement.................................... 57 Loathing.....................................................................................................................15 Vigilance....................................................................................................................57 Chapter 4: Terror & Rage....................................................... 19 Amazement..............................................................................................................59 Terror...........................................................................................................................19 Final Thoughts on Emotional Content............................................................62 Rage............................................................................................................................21 Recognize the Emotional Trends of Social Sharing Chapter 11: Introduction & Key Players............................... 65 The Root of Social Sharing .................................................................................65 Key Players ...............................................................................................................66 Concluding Thoughts...........................................................................................69 Chapter 12: Grief & Ecstasy................................................... 71 Grief.............................................................................................................................71 Ecstasy........................................................................................................................73 Chapter 13: Admiration & Loathing..................................... 75 Admiration................................................................................................................75 Loathing.....................................................................................................................77 Chapter 14: Rage & Terror..................................................... 79 Rage............................................................................................................................79 Terror...........................................................................................................................81 Chapter 15: Vigilance & Amazement.................................... 83 Vigilance....................................................................................................................83 Amazement..............................................................................................................86 Introduction Dave Snyder The Concept Behind Plutchik’s Wheel they occur as combinations, mixtures, or compounds of the primary emotions. The concept for this book actually began late in 2009 when I began looking at the psychology behind why someone would want to naturally give someone else on the Internet a citation, or link, to their website. At that time I wrote a post on SearchEngineJournal.com entitled “The Psychology Behind Link Giving.” During my research for the piece I was introduced to the work of a psychologist named Robert Plutchik. His work on emotional response outlines all behavior, but for me really explained the core concept behind the idea why certain content goes viral online and other content goes unseen. 7.Primary emotions are hypothetical constructs or idealized states whose properties and characteristics can only be inferred from various kinds of evidence. Robert Plutchik, a psychologist and professor of psychology, focused his work on the topic of emotions. His theory of emotion is arguably the most influential approach to emotional responses used in psychology. This theory has ten postulates: 1.The concept of emotion is applicable to all evolutionary levels and applies to all animals including humans. 2.Emotions have an evolutionary history and have evolved various forms of expression in different species. 3.Emotions served an adaptive role in helping organisms deal with key survival issues posed by the environment. 4.Despite different forms of expression of emotions in different species, there are certain common elements, or prototype patterns, that can be identified. 5.There is a small number of basic, primary, or prototype emotions. 6.All other emotions are mixed or derivative states; that is, i 8.Primary emotions can be conceptualized in terms of pairs of polar opposites. 9.All emotions vary in their degree of similarity to one another. 10. Each emotion can exist in varying degrees of intensity or levels of arousal. In 1980, Plutchik created both a 3D cone and 2D wheel model for how emotions were related. This has become known as Plutchik’s wheel of emotions, and it graces the cover of this book. In the wheel, he suggested 8 primary bipolar emotions: joy versus sadness; anger versus fear; trust versus disgust; and surprise versus anticipation. Additionally, his circumplex model makes connections between the idea of an emotion circle and a color wheel. Like colors, primary emotions can be expressed at different intensities and can mix with one another to form different emotions. Plutchik’s wheel has become a cornerstone of our training at CopyPress. Regardless of what area of the Content Lifecycle you are working within, the emotional response to a user is really something that must stay squarely in mind, because at the end of the day any reaction is more easily attained if focused on emotion. This concept is further clarified through the concept of Emotional Self-Regulation, which is defined as: ii “being able to properly regulate one’s emotions. It is a complex process that involves the initiating, inhibiting, or modulating the following aspects of functioning” The concept is based on being able to understand each of the following: • Internal feeling states (i.e. the subjective experience of emotion), • Emotion-related cognitions (i.e. thought reactions to a situation), • Emotion-related physiological processes (i.e. heart rate, hormonal, or other physiological reactions) • Emotion-related behavior (i.e. actions or facial expressions related to emotion). With Plutchik’s wheel we see the why, and with the concept of Emotional Self-Regulation we have the how. Thoughts beget feelings, and feelings initiate actions. The marketer’s focus is in two places: Initiation Point Result iii Thoughts 1. Initiation Point – For this particular conversation, this is content. 2. Result – This can be a number of things, but the most basic concept is traffic. In many ways, people online have been utilizing this model for years. The classic direct marketing, and the online sales letter approach is based on this type of psychology. However, people have only used this approach to focus on the result of a sale to date, driving traffic from wherever they could get it. We are using emotion to drive the traffic itself, and this fact coupled with a strong conversion strategy will yield results that are tough to dismiss. These training concepts within CopyPress led to three series on our blog by three different members of our staff. Each focuses on how to use emotions in different ways and for obtaining different results. As you work through this book, take note of how you could approach your content strategy with regard to these basic psychological concepts. To date there is not a vertical we have worked in where we couldn’t apply these concepts to increase traffic and sales. Feelings Actions iv Create Emotionally Provoking Content Lizzie Seedhouse Chapter 1: What’s It All About & Why Does It Matter? On an average day WordPress.com users produce about 500,000 new posts and 400,000 new comments. At the same time over 325 million people view more than 2.5 billion WordPress pages each month. For just one publishing platform, that’s an awful lot of content being created and digested. And My Point Is? My point is that I believe absolutely everyone has something to share with the world. Thanks to the World Wide Web there is a free flow of sharing, and expression of thoughts, and emotions with words written in content, art and images manifested, and the comments and feedback we leave. The beauty of it is that we can share practically anything; may it be something twisted, dark, and controversial, or it could be something off the beaten path such as “the life and times of Esmerelda the Iguana” (someone out there desperately wants YOU to know more about her life). Regardless of what is being posted and shared, the bigger picture behind expressing ourselves online is that we not only want our voice to be heard, but we want it to be heard by many. Did you ever hear the story about the guy who didn’t want to be listened to? No? Point proven. The hard-hitting truth is that very few of us are able to share our point of view and information and be heard by the masses. Most People’s Problem Most publishers fall short on having their voice heard for the following reasons: • You have never been interesting enough to ever have an audience • Your content is low quality and not written with the end user experience in mind • Your content is good quality, but it doesn’t really provoke your audience to take action Now the first one, I can’t really help you with. If you choose to blog, and write or share information on a subject that you are the only one interested in reading, then so be it. You can give yourself a pat on the back for hitting a niche, but don’t expect to be overrun with traffic, or receive comments on your blog complimenting you on how great you and your content are. Now let me throw a little disclaimer in here: this is not to say that you cannot, or should not write about the most boring subject in the world and really enjoy it. I implore all writers to write about what they are truly interested in. At the same time, don’t get your hopes up that your content is going to take off like Kony 2012. For the second bullet point problem: if your content is low 3 4 quality because you’re not blessed with the gift of penmanship or you’re producing content with only SEO in mind then you’re really missing the entire point. Gone are the days of keyword stuffing, white text – white background tricks, and focusing on one main keyword. Today, content that’s not written for the reader, is and will be as much use as a chocolate teapot. If your content is good quality but it doesn’t provoke your audience to take action, then I’d like to introduce you to Dr. Plutchik and his Wheel of Emotions: The Psychology Behind It All Actions, thoughts and feelings will not occur unless there is a stimulus to provoke an action, thought or feeling. When presented with various stimuli (content, images etc.), it affects our thoughts in one way or another, our thoughts then turn into a feeling, and since we are emotion-based creatures, our feelings tend to dictate how we react. Robert Plutchik was a chap who created the concept of a wheel of emotions showing the 8 basic emotions. In the center of the wheel you will see fear, anger, surprise, etc. These occur at different levels of intensity for each of us, and you can see that the most intense emotions are located in the center core of the emotion wheel, and as you stray from the center, those core emotions become less intensified. Why Should You Care? Ultimately, as we are pushed closer to the center of the wheel emotionally, the more likely we will be provoked to take action. For example, how often do you directly react to something that makes you feel bored? Yeah, you might whine and moan about it a little, but after that we typically go in pursuit of something else that will bring forth a different, deeper emotion. This also applies to the content you publish on your website. If a reader finds your content boring, then they simply move on. Yet if your content is disgusting or even evokes the emotion of loathing, the chances are your audience is going to want to let everyone else know about it: a provoked action based on a strong emotion. 5 What Does This Mean For Writers & Publishers? In case you haven’t figured it out yet, if you are looking to actively engage your audience, get content shared, and maybe one day “go viral”, it’s important to create content with the purpose of generating emotions towards the center of the wheel. The closer to the center of the wheel, the greater of a reaction you will provoke. A Few Words of Advice Controversy can do wonders for SEO, traffic, links, and notoriety; but what about your reputation? Do you really want to be known as that writer, that publisher, or that person who tells dead baby jokes? The argument that “all publicity is good 6 publicity,” is far from watertight. In all likelihood an overly controversial approach may harm your brand, reputation, and relationships. So before you go in ‘keyboards blazing’ and start posting controversial content and ideas that are sure to raise the eyebrows of your audience, STOP and remember that human emotions can be highly volatile. Although getting under your reader’s skin and “picking a fight” might seem like a quick and easy way to provoke stronger actions, you must consider the consequences of such behavior. The Balance Finding the right balance and level of emotion to evoke and the level of controversy around a subject is a bit of an art form. Choosing the wrong emotion to pursue can taint your brand voice and too little of the appropriate emotions in your content is no more engaging than filler content or fluff. There’s no rulebook or guide to which emotions to pursue – strategy needs to be handled on a case-by-case basis. The key to any successful content strategy is to know your audience and hone in on their wants and needs. Discover what makes them tick and then push their buttons to provoke the actions that you want. 7 8 Chapter 2: Grief & Ecstasy I’ve introduced the concept of emotionally provoking content and the theory that if you want your audience to take action, then you have to produce emotional content that falls towards the center of the wheel of emotions. Now I’ll explore the emotions even further. First, we’ll focus on GRIEF vs. ECSTASY. Grief A natural reaction to any loss Grief is a very personal emotion. It can be the loss of a possession, a person, or even a human right, and it can also manifest and be expressed in many different ways. The individuality of grief poses a challenge when it comes to content and pushing the emotional buttons of your audience. The even bigger hurdle to this challenge is provoking a large number of people with this emotion. I came to this conclusion after researching the stages of grief and scouring the web looking for content that would make me feel grief. But all I could find was content that made me sad. I feel confident that I am in touch with my emotions. I balled my eyes out when I watched “The Notebook”, and the Family Guy episode when Brian left home was pretty heartwrenching too. But why did none of the content online that was clearly really sad have the same effect on me? Then I had an epiphany. Everything that has ever made me grieve in real life was not only a real life event, it was personal 9 and ‘hit close to home’. Although nothing I found online made me grieve, a lot of content did make me sad, which led to my next thought: Maybe content that makes many people feel grief cannot be manufactured. Now if I am wrong, please interject. At the very least generating this emotion is far more complex than anyone expects. To strengthen my point, take the death of Steve Jobs or Whitney Houston. Both Jobs and Houston had thousands of mourners hitting their social profiles and expressing their grief. In these cases grief was not manufactured, these people actually died! Should you gun down a bunch of people? NO, that will not be necessary. So What Should I Do If I Can’t Create This Emotion? Although we may not be able to tap into the emotion of grief at its most intense degree as easily as I would have hoped, there is always the lower degree of grief: sadness. An emotion that is most certainly attainable, and also close enough to the center of the emotional wheel to still provoke readers to take action. If sadness is not your cup of tea, then you can take the grief of others and outright exploit it. Here is a couple of ways you can go about it: 1.Create controversy by talking negatively, falsely or by mocking the subject 2.Pay your respects and celebrate the subject The first option has short-term value. It’s no doubt an attention grabber, but long term you are going to ruin your credibility. Dane Cook tried making a joke about the 2012 Aurora Shootings and it didn’t go very well. 10 However, Option #2 has a lot more value and won’t upset the people you are trying to target. A successful example of this strategy came from The New York Daily News who created a Whitney Houston remembrance board on Pinterest. Similarly, others took advantage of Houston’s death by celebrating her life and achievements via Whitney Houston infographics. On a brighter note, let’s move on to the emotion of ecstasy. happy, what they enjoy to read about, and what makes them tick. If you’re tech blogger then you might want to give a sneak preview on the latest video game and include an opportunity to win it within your content. If you have a blog for hard-core animal lovers, then maybe you’d have success writing about heroic animal stories or by generating your own cat memes. Grief vs. Ecstasy Ecstasy A feeling of great happiness From the manufactured memes that friends share, to the real life underdog stories in news articles that make you ‘feel good’ about life and raise your spirits, I continuously find content online that makes me feel extremely happy. Beyond me, there is an entire market of people deliberately seeking ways to find happiness online. Almost everyone enjoys the feelings of ecstasy and happiness more than they do grief. That’s just sheer human nature that cannot be disputed. On that premise, I think that ecstasy is not only a much easier emotion to evoke and easier to fathom, it is also easier to provoke an action using this emotion within content. This is not to say that you cannot or should not attempt to hone in on the emotions of grief and sadness, because I think you should. As humans we do not solely feel one or two emotions just because they are more favorable than the rest and I think that it’s important that your content reflects that notion as well, and takes advantage of unfavorable emotions. Give the People What They Want People want to be happy. Unless your main audience and target market are sadists, it is safe to say that they do not want to be hit with sad story after sad story. Take the emergence of domains such as http://www.meyouhealth.com. On this site you can take daily challenges to enhance your mood. Such a site is a testament to the ever increasing demand to feel happier. As a writer it is your job to know what will make your audience 11 12 Chapter 3: Admiration & Loathing I decided to take a different approach to these two emotions; instead of being wrapped-up in my feelings and emotions, I decided to branch out and find examples of content already on the web that provoked readers into action. So here it goes… should we try to shape or change who our audience admires. Just like when dealing with the emotion of Grief, we cannot force our audience to feel admiration in a particular direction without propaganda, because it is too personal of an emotion. Although, we may not always understand why and who our readers admire, we must of course accept it and use it to our advantage. Capitalizing Admiration Respect and warm approval. We all have someone or something in our past or present that we respect, are impressed by or look up to – that’s admiration. The beauty of this emotion is that it’s completely free flowing and non-discriminate; anyone can be admired. Take Obama admiring Romney for how seriously he takes his faith, for example. These two political figures are ‘sworn enemies’ praying for each other’s demise and ready to pounce on any whiff of a scandal. Yet, there’s still a place for admiration. Even comic book characters are admired; not only because they have awesome special powers that help fight crime (for some that may be a big part of it) but also because they have qualities that we respect and what they stand for. Now you might think that admiring Spiderman (crime fighting youngster that spends his evening swinging from lamp posts) might be a bit ridiculous. But did you feel that way when you were 8 years old? Ultimately, what our audiences admire might be absurd to us, but clearly it isn’t to them. It doesn’t always matter what you think; we don’t decide, nor 13 It’s simple enough to look at your audience and pinpoint who and what they admire. If they love technology, it might be Matt Cutts. If they’re into sports, you could pick any of the gold medal Olympians from London 2012. Or if they so happen to be into body-art and piercings, they might admire Elaine Davidson – world’s most pierced woman. Regardless of what they are into, it is important to take it and run with it. Giving you the biggest bang for your buck would be conducting an interview with the individual, but of course not all of us are very important journalists with access to celebrities and VIPs. So the next best thing you could do is take the admired person/concept/thing and make it (or them) the focus of your content. You can approach this in a few different ways: from writing about The Top 10 Reasons Batman is better than Superman, to creating your own Pinterest board about the people whom your audience admires. Both of these content ideas allow for community sharing and discussion on the topic, but as usual your strategies will strongly depend on your audience and their needs. 14 Loathing A feeling of intense dislike or disgust Sometimes this feeling is so intense that it provokes a physical action (have you ever seen something that made you literally sick to your stomach?), as well as an emotional reaction. Take the “2 Girls 1 Cup” video for example: if you haven’t seen it or don’t know the premise behind it, you can go and do your own research - at your own risk. But the bottom line is that this web content was found to be extremely disgusting by many of viewers. However despite the mass-disgust, the video went instantly viral and within the first 6 months the website had 32 million visits after its launch in August of 2007. How did it get so popular? What added to this content’s virality was the Internet phenomenon of tricking a friend or family member into watching it and then recording their reactions to the video. There are ample videos out there, my particular favorite is the one with Grandma Marlene watching the video for the first time. As disgusted as Grandma Marlene was, she stuck with it – like a trooper – and kept watching. I expect that she, like most others did not want to miss anything equally or more disgusting in the video. Thank you curiosity! The Domino Effect On more of a “micro” level of disgusting content, I came across this response to a Facebook status, which was then posted on Reddit: Here is an instance of two actions stemming from intense disgust. On one hand there is the Mayor of Troy, MI who Human curiosity fuelled the fire for this particular video’s views. Author Sidrah Zaheer explained the nature of human curiosity: “It is curiosity in man’s nature which drives him to understand different phenomena in life. The curiosity about one’s self and the environment leads a person to investigate and with the help of his findings draw adequate inferences.” If you have just Googled “2 girls 1 cup” because you didn’t know enough about it, then you’ve just proved my point. Back in 2007, people heard about how disgusting this video was and just had to see it from themselves. Once viewed, they felt emotionally provoked to share their thoughts and feelings regarding the video online in forums & comment sections everywhere. 15 seems disgusted with the ruling that the state of New York has allowed same-sex marriages. She then felt provoked to update her Facebook status that reflected her feelings on the subject. On the other hand there is another party who was disgusted with the Mayor’s reaction and felt provoked to share her Facebook status on Reddit. This chain of social reaction continued on Reddit with 390 comments, 3,007 up votes and 1,929 down votes. This Reddit situation exemplifies how content that hits on an emotion closer to the center of 16 Plutchik’s wheel will indeed provoke people into action. In For A Penny, In For A Pound A bit like the dead baby jokes in the beginning of this series, disgusting your audiences is an All or Nothing decision. If you do want to be known for disgusting your audience with content, then you will need to go “all in” to make an impact. Just remember that when you do, your reputation will precede you and you may take yourself and your brand past the point of no return. When it comes to admiration, there is a lot more flexibility in what you can do. However, if you are planning on hitting this emotion with your content, I would definitely suggest overglamourizing the subject of admiration. If you merely start to downplay or emphasize your audience’s “hero”, then expect to have a disgruntled set of readers who will quickly lose interest in what you have to say. 17 18 Chapter 4: Terror & Rage Now we’ve moved on to discuss emotions Terror and Rage. So be forewarned, you might experience anger and/or fear whilst reading this chapter. Terror A state of intense fear. 11.5 million People in the US suffer from some sort of phobia, ranging from Arachnophobia (fear of spiders) to Xenophobia (a fear of foreigners – really?!). From the outside looking in, the spectrum of fear runs from the perfectly rational to the totally irrational. Most of us can understand the rationale behind Aichmophobia (fear of needles), however we probably all have a tough time wrapping our heads around Anthrophobia (the fear of flowers). And it’s easy for us to make fun of this and say, “oh watch out for begonia, he’s an evil SOB.” However when you are the one suffering from the phobia of flowers, it all seems quite reasonable as it probably stems from a significant event in their life, or perhaps they just have a severe allergy to pollen that could kill them or something; who really knows? What scares you? Nuclear war, large things, small things, registered mail? Beyond making fun of fears (which, by the way hits a completely different emotion than the one that we’re talking 19 about), a content creator can look to capitalize on Terror in a couple of ways: 1. Push their personal phobia buttons Playing on people’s vanity is an easy one, so let’s start there. Some pregnant women are concerned about their body and appearance post-birth. There’s a fear that they might not get their figure back and when they’ve had a child or two, three, or four and so on, there is a lot of buzz around post-natal fitness and celebrities who have done well losing their baby weight. An effective content idea to capitalize on this fear could be to find images and write a piece of content along the lines of “Celebrities Who Never Shed Their Baby Weight.” Take “Twilight” actress, Bryce Dallas Howard: Is that enough to scare all of you post-natal women out there into boot camp? 2. For the lack of a better phrase, create “all around scary” content. Beyond hitting personal phobias of your target audience, you 20 can go broader and create content that is considered “scary” to the masses. There are just some fears that are common to all of us to a certain degree: death, ghosts, and the undead are just a few. A great example of this type of approach is scary movies. Murderous psychopaths, zombies, and possessed children usually play a part in scary movies for a reason. I don’t think anyone has ever made a movie on scary flowers; and before you say it, “Little Shop of Horrors” does not count as a scary movie – there’s too much singing and frolicking for it to be remotely scary. As a content creator you might be a bit baffled where to go from here, because you don’t have the resources to make a scary movie, and that’s fine; scary content doesn’t take a great deal of effort. If you don’t have the skill to create this type of content, you can always scrape it from the web and feature it just like RegretfulMorning.com with their, “15 Scary GIFs that will keep you awake at night.” Check out #2, it’s a creepy favorite. Rage A violent and uncontrolled anger. Just like the emotion Grief, it’s not an emotion that people actively seek out; I can guarantee that there are not many members of your audience that can’t wait to read you next article that’s going to p!$$ them off. So if that is your content strategy, then you may want to reconsider that moving 21 forward. Now that’s not to say that you can’t upset your audience, make them angry or put them into a blind rage. On the contrary, Rage is an emotion that leads to a strong, quick and very purposeful reaction as it is locked in with the Fight in the Fight or Flight Response. So, my audience doesn’t want to be p!$$€Đ off, but will it pay off if I do so? Yes and yes. The trick here is not to directly do something to upset your audience. For example, if your audience is sensitive to animal rights and feels animals should not be used for cosmetic testing or as food then YOU SHOULD NOT develop content about how much you love your new found hobby of fox hunting. Instead take a piece of content that glamorizes fox hunting and let your audience know how upset you are about it. Not only will the audience see that you are on their side, but it will also enable a situation for others to react and share both your and their voice. Should I be worried if someone goes postal? A little bit. Look at the world today; anyone can sue anyone for the most ridiculous things. I’d be lying to you if I said that you can create any kind of content you want without getting into some hot water. If you put something online that strongly influences your audience to take an extreme action (not limited to, but including suicide, violent acts or child birth pacts) then society will be looking to point the finger. Yet who can prove that The Beatles’ song, “Helter Skelter” is responsible for the Manson family murders? Get Mad & Get Scared? Both of these emotions will be fun to play with as a content creator as they both have the range to provoke very extreme and strong reactions. Content built around Rage -if used 22 properly- is really going to give your audience the opportunity to agree with you, vent, and spread your message. Terror content can either freak people out to where you can get them to do what you want them to (such as buy those diet pills to help them lose that baby weight), or alternatively share it with other people that they want to scare. Keep an eye out for terror content around Halloween, and for Rage content leading up to the 2012 Presidential Election. 23 24 Chapter 5: Amazement & Vigilance We’ve just about felt it all: from the pain of grief and the joy of ecstasy, to a fit of rage and the essence of loathing. I’ve put you through the wringer of emotions and there’s just two more emotions left in this emotionally provoking content section. Hold onto your hats for Amazement and Vigilance. Amazement A state of extreme surprise or wonder; astonishment This emotion stems from being exposed to stimuli that are out of the ordinary. Since it’s relatively new or out of the norm, we find the stimulus to be quite intriguing, surprising, and typically pretty awesome and impressive. what most people find amazing is actually easier to pinpoint than I first expected. My initial thought was that we’re all so jaded with content on the web and over exposed to so many different weird and wonderful things online that how can we as content creators keep amazing our audience? You have to show them something new and the possibilities are infinite. Double Rainbow? As insane and ridiculous as I think the Double Rainbow video is, I have to admit that it has amazement factors on a couple of different levels. The double rainbow guy Paul Vasquez is not only ecstatic over the sight of a double rainbow, he’s also pretty damn amazed by it too. Furthermore, how amazed were you by Vasquez’s reaction? 35,293,391 views and147,000+ comments don’t lie – I’m going to hedge my bets and say that one or two of you out there were amazed as well. Here are the stats: As you can see in the last 34 months or so this video has averaged over one million views a month. So ok, not everyone finds big fancy cameras or moustaches simply AMAZING. Looking out through a broader scope at 25 26 Vigilance Alertness is the state of paying close and continuous attention. Does this mean I have to get high and then go out into the mountains with a camera? What you do in your spare time is your own business. However, you probably don’t have to go to that extreme just to get some attention and social love from your audience. Showing your audience something new, impressive, or interesting can be simple even if you aren’t creative. Putting a new spin on an old idea can be a great place to start when you don’t have a ton of ideas. Now I don’t mean taking a previously written article like “29 ways to induce labor” and writing your own article on “28 ways to induce labor” (if that’s what you’re thinking, then please consider hanging up your writing pen and pad now). Instead, consider morphing it into something like, “Your Labor Inducing Weapons of Choice: Eggplants, Pineapples or Dancing?” If you do have a gift of creativity or have a particularly unique talent, then you’re a step ahead of the game and can get down to brainstorming on how to use those resources and put your ideas into unique content production. 27 Getting someone’s attention online is relatively easy if you have a killer clickable title in your arsenal – keeping their attention is a whole other ball game. You have to walk the walk and talk the talk; meaning that if you are going to have an awesome and interesting article title then you have to back it up with equally awesome content. Too often in advertising we fall for the get rich quick pitches, and the, “don’t miss out – a terrific offer is waiting for you!” claims, and too often we are disappointed by what we end up reading. Don’t expect your readers to feel any less disappointed. Once you have a great title at hand, getting the content that keeps your audience’s attention can be generated in a few different ways: Content Trailblazing Be the first to publish the latest, most exciting news: If no one has read it or seen it before, then you’re off to a good start. Posting breaking news stories or having the latest scoop on a celebrity will definitely get people’s attention and have your audience checking back regularly for more information. Remember this online content can be in any form such as comics, infographics, videos, or good old fashioned written copy. I understand that we all can’t be the BBC or TMZ, however there are ways to secure such content if you really want to roll up your sleeves and try: 28 • Cunning journalism – get out there and do some research! • Stalking celebrities online or at their home – just don’t get arrested. You can report on the same recent and interesting news story, but add your own spin just like The Onion: • Content exchanges with other bloggers and writers – you have to speculate to accumulate. Once you’ve got a reader hooked, you have to keep the ball rolling with similar types of content and consistent posting. Live Content Streaming videos live is certainly one way you can get your audience to “tune in.” Obviously, we’re not going to have the rights to the Olympics or anything, but there are other DIY methods to creating your own live and unique content. If your audience is into YOU (or at least you think they are) because you’re so hot/awesome/funny/troubled, then you wouldn’t be the first to have a live video feed in your home, just like the TV series, Big Brother. If you have something educational and informational to say to your audience on a regular basis because you’re so smart and interesting, then live podcasts and live webinars are also great places to start. They key with these two, just like everything else is that you have to offer value to the audience and not just blurt out commonly known information that anyone can find on Wikipedia. If You Can’t Beat Them, Join Them. So you can’t stalk a celebrity because you live in the middle of nowhere and celebrities rarely visit, or maybe you don’t think you’re so hot/awesome/funny/troubled and don’t fancy doing the whole DIY live content approach. Well thankfully all hope is not lost – you can always just rip off everyone else’s ideas. 29 Poor Mrs. Armstrong. Another way to jump on someone else’s content band wagon is to take content that is already going viral and do your own spin off of it. The first example that comes to mind is the “Shit Girls Say” video series. Within a week of the first video’s release, several bloggers responded to the viral web series with their own perspective such as, “Shit Drunk Girls Say”, and many other variations. Coming Full Circle on the Wheel of Emotions I’ve discovered many different things about content, emotions, and pushing people’s buttons whilst writing this series on provoking content. One of the biggest notions that I have found to be completely consistent is that you really have to know your audience and gauge their emotional reaction to the content you are publishing. Part of this is knowing what your audience wants and expects from you as a creator of content. This can take a little bit of digging and research to really lock down what they are into, but it really is important. Sometimes shortcuts are taken in content creation for two reasons: 30 1.We think we know what our audience wants, so if it’s not broken, don’t fix it. 2.We are selfish and we will do whatever suits us best. My audience can like it or lump it. Making assumptions and doing whatever you want is your prerogative. However, if that’s your approach, then I would advise caution because repeated publication of undesirable content will be a quick turnoff for your audience. Of course, you’re probably going to do whatever you want because that’s what you do. In which case, I’ll stop typing now… 31 32 Put an Emotional Spin on a Boring Topic Raubi Marie Perilli Chapter 6: Topics that Take Readers for a Ride I’ve been fascinated with the concept of subconscious social sharing and have looked at why people repost online content. I‘ve narrowed it down to two main reasons why people share content: 1.The content is valuable 2.The content is emotionally appealing But rather than discuss just the concept, I’m going to elaborate on the element most likely to engage users – cracking them up, pissing them off, scaring the crap out of them, and every exaggerated emotion in between. This series is about emotions; emotions that make readers red in the face. Emotions that push readers to the point of loss of emotional control. Emotions that push the reader right toward that social share button. The Roller Coaster Wheel of Emotions emotionally-driven ride that readers will feel, and probably not expect. Emotional Appeal Isn’t Always Obvious Some topics are associated with an obvious emotional appeal. Sure if you are writing about universal health care – you can probably make some people pretty angry. If you are creating content about sexy beaches – you can pretty easily make some people happy. If you are reporting on flesh-eating bacteria– you can probably scare someone out of their mind. Each of those topics is attached to an obvious emotion. You don’t need to spin sexy beaches to make it exciting, and all you have to do is say, “flesh-eating bacteria” to freak someone out. It’s pretty easy to notice and write about the emotional appeal of those topics. But what about topics that are not naturally, emotionally exciting? How can you make an audience excited about bankruptcy, database management, or mortgage refinancing? That takes some skill. (But we’ll get back to that.) The Best Emotional Appeal Isn’t Always Obvious By now you have seen Plutchik’s Wheel of Emotions once or twice. Lizzie Seedhouse and Jaime Spector are also using the Wheel of Emotion as the base of their series about provoking content and emotional appeals of social sites. So we already know it’s pretty easy to make people mad about national health care. But sometimes things that are easy, are often problematic as well. If you haven’t noticed by now, this wheel is pretty important to us content creators, and there are a lot of ways to use this seemingly simple information to develop ideas, create content, and insight action in readers. It’s likely that if you think it’s easy to write about a topic, about a hundred other people will also think it’s easy to write about the same topic from the same perspective. Sexy beaches are fun, and that’s why there are hundreds of articles about them. In this series, I’m going to tear apart Plutchik’s Wheel of Emotions and put it back together as a roller coaster. I’ll show you how to take any topic and transform it into an 35 36 One of the strategies of writing quality content is finding a notso-obvious emotional appeal for a topic. If you can take a topic, ignore the obvious emotional appeal, and find another way to connect the topic to an equally strong emotion – you are on your way to creating something new and special that readers want. So how can you take sexy beaches and make it scary? How can you make flesh-eating bacteria look amazing? And how can you make national health care incite laughter? That also takes some skill. Are You Ready for the Ride? If this article has freaked you out. If you are now worried that you won’t be able to find an emotionally exciting way to talk about home loans. If you are now worried that all of your good ideas about scary flesh-eating bacteria are actually pretty bland. Good. I’ve made you at least a little conscious of your content’s shortcomings and effectively hit on your apprehension emotion (that may also be attributed to all of the talk about flesh-eating bacteria). But don’t fret too much. In this Emotionally Appealing Content series, I’ll take topics with obvious emotional appeal and topics with no emotional appeal and show you how to build them into a roller coaster of emotion that takes readers for an unusually exciting ride. 37 38 Chapter 7: Ecstasy & Grief This section is about using an emotional connection to make readers care about a topic that is ordinary, overdone or just plain boring. For each chapter, I’ll feature two opposing feelings from Plutchik’s Wheel of Emotion and show how to make three boring topics more engaging by incorporating the given emotional appeals. In this chapter, I’m tackling the major high and low of the roller coaster of emotion —Ecstasy and Grief. Ecstasy Somewhere between optimism and love, we have the ability to drift from serenity to true ecstasy. And what most often brings us happiness is something really, sometimes even stupidly, funny. If you can create content that makes people laugh out loud, you can almost guarantee that the person busting a gut is going to socially share the content. Why? Because what’s the fun in laughing at something all alone? It’s not always easy to make someone laugh, but if you can at least develop an interesting or unusual spin to a boring topic, you can expect to attract readers that normally wouldn’t care about a lame industry (like accounting). 39 Tips for writing to incite ecstasy: 1.Be a part of the joke – Writing about dorky accountants? Write from the dorky accountant’s perspective. Everyone loves to see people make fun of themselves. 2.Be specific – Don’t give generalities. The more specific you can be, the funnier you can be. So don’t say accounts are dorky because “They Don’t Have Social Skills.” Say, your accountant is dorky because, “The Last Time You Were in His Office, The Only Eye Contact You Had Was with a Framed Photo of Hans Solo”. 3.Be topical and relevant – Connect to a mainstream trend or pop culture reference to unite your content to something people are already interested in. Even more, if you can connect to something that is topical and already funny, you will have an even better chance at making the reader laugh. 4.Create silly comparisons – Make a boring topic more interesting by comparing it to other things the readers already know about. By making the topic more relatable, you are more likely to connect to the reader’s funny bone. Examples of spinning boring topics toward ecstasy: Accounting • The # Reasons Your Accounting Degree Makes You Better than the Rest of the Population… at Math • # Actors Who Played Painfully Awkward Accountants • The # Signs Your Accountant Was a Nerd In High School • TAKE IT UP A NOTCH: The # Signs Your Accountant Is Probably Still a Virgin 40 Cloud Computing • # Things You Wish You Lost in the Cloud • # Cloud Computing Tech Terms That Sound like Complete, Utter Gibberish • Does Cloud Computing Have the Potential to Turn Us Into Lazy Slobs? Home Insurance • # of the Weirdest Things Ever Insured • # Television Houses with Home Insurance Rates the Characters Could Never Afford • Strong Hurricanes With Wimpy Names • TAKE IT UP A NOTCH: # Hurricanes With Old Ladies’ Names That Would Have Knocked Down Your House Remember, everyone can experience and respond to the ultimate high of ecstasy. Grief Disapproval and remorse; sounds bleak. But if you can move a reader from pensiveness to sadness to grief – you are pushing the audience that much closer to the social share button. It’s not always fun to write about something dark and depressing, but grief is a major way to pull on the heartstrings of your audience. Misery loves company, so odds are, if you can create something pretty disturbingly sad, people are going to 41 make sure that they aren’t the only one crying over the bad news. Tips for writing to incite grief: 1.Connect with the audience – Make audience feel like they are part of the grief by mentioning things that the audience most cares about. Family, friends, job, security, and pets are just a few things most connected to a reader’s sob strings. 2.Play off of fears and insecurities – Use what you know about your audience to identify their fears and insecurities. By showing potential destruction caused by the result of those fears and insecurities, you can make the reader care. 3.Show loss – Show something going away or being forever lost. At the root of most sadness is losing or not gaining something. 4.Don’t be afraid to be dark – Don’t hold back if you are trying to use grief to motivate your readers. Intense words and grim details create an impression that will likely resonate with readers. Examples of spinning boring topics toward grief: Accounting • Is Accounting Really the Most Depressing Job in the World? • What Almost Everyone Hates Their Accountant • 7 Ways Your Accountant Can Cost You Your Bank Account, House and Freedom • TAKE IT UP A NOTCH: # Deaths Caused by Accounting Miscalculations 42 Cloud Computing • # Jobs That Cloud Computing Knocked Out of the Market • # Cloud Computing Mistakes that Will Put Successful Companies Out of Business • # Ways Cloud Computing Is Going to Make Your Children’s Life Better… Or Extremely Worse Home Insurance • # Natural Disasters That Left More Than a Million People Homeless • The Top # Things That Families Almost Always Lose In a Fire and Can’t Ever Get Back • The Real Cost of Insurance: # People Who Lost Everything By Failing to Renew And, remember everyone can experience and respond to the ultimate low of grief. Before you start a crying fest from your content – either by pushing the reader to tears from uncontrollable laughter or utter heartbreak, first really assess your audience and decide what is the best way to reach them. Not all audiences respond to ecstasy, and not all readers want to cry. Make sure you know your audience before you go pushing their buttons to get them to press the social share button. 43 44 Chapter 8: Admiration & Loathing We are moving through Plutchik’s Wheel of Emotion and discussing how using emotional triggers can make readers care about a boring topic. So far we have covered Ecstasy and Grief and looked at both sides of Happiness and Sadness. Now we are moving on to Admiration and Loathing and how people respond to Love and Hate. There is a thin line between love and hate, so before you attempt to make your readers passionate or scorning, make sure you know the reader well. A misreading of your audience could swing them in the complete opposite direction of your targeted emotional appeal… but that could also be a good thing. As long as they’re feeling something, you’re doing your job. Admiration People connect to what they accept and trust. They love what they admire. Most admiration is rooted in positivity and/or passion. People enjoy sharing positivity; Tim Tebow is loved/ popular because he stands for positivity and passion. Think about how many inspirational quotes you see on Facebook and Pinterest. People also enjoy sharing their passions. Because people often personally identify with their passions, they frequently share content that connects them to the things that they feel define them. If you can get people to admire your content, by 45 connecting to positivity or passion, you will be much more likely to have your content shared by the reader. Tips for writing to incite admiration: • Be an Un-secret Admirer – Call out a group or person that has made a positive impact in the world. Readers enjoy content about people they admire. And as added bonus, if the featured person learns of your post, they will likely share it to their followers and spread the word about the given admiration. • Be Inspirational – As we know, people love inspirational quotes. But what do they love even more? Inspirational stories or anecdotes that show those mantras in action. • Be Charitable – Donating time, money and resources is always admirable. Whether you are being charitable yourself (by giving away something) or featuring others, who have been charitable, people will respond. • Make the Reader Look Good – Most people want to be perceived as innately good, so if you can craft a title that makes the reader sound like they are supporting a good cause or participating in a positive movement, they will probably share it just because it looks like a good reflection of their character. Make sure that you deliver what you promise in the headline. Hook the readers with a title that tugs at their heartstrings. Then make it impossible for them not to share the content by incorporating strong emotional elements in the content. 46 Examples of spinning boring topics toward Admiration: Accounting • # Accountants Who Helped Change the World… for the Better • How to Use Your Accounting Skills To Help Your Community • How Oprah’s Accountant Saves Her Millions and Helps Her Rule the World Cloud Computing • # Things The World Wants to Save in the Cloud • # Things You Can Send to the Cloud and Give Back to the Community Home Insurance • # Insurance Companies That Were There When People Really Needed Them • How to Help Insure a Home Built by Habitat for Humanity • The # Most Charitable Home Insurance Companies of All Time People love Tim Tebow because he stands for positivity and passion. 47 Loathing Just as people respond strongly to admiration and love, they respond similarly to things that make them fume. As ugly and unfortunate as hate sounds, it is actually a very powerful tool because most people absolutely love to hate. Ragging, mocking and insulting are popular pastimes. And because it’s no fun to poke fun alone, you can expect that if you write something that causes a hateful rise in a reader, they will want their friends to join in the tar and feathering. Tips for writing to incite loathing: 1.Ruin Something People Enjoy – Finding something that is viewed as sacred and expose its shortcomings. People love to hate on a “fall from grace”. (Ever heard of Tiger Woods?) 2.Get on Their Nerves – Make people annoyed. Poke at pet peeves. Use highly debatable, or even sensitive, topics to agitate your audience. 3.Make Their Skin Crawl – Disgust your audience with something they think is unimaginably gross. People respond disturbing topics like spiders, McDonald’s food calorie counts, or horrific true crime stories. 4.Don’t Be Afraid – Pushing people toward hate can be scary. But if you are going to attempt to make someone fill with disgust, you need to comment and be prepared to back up your boldness. 48 Examples of spinning boring topics toward Loathing: Accounting • # of the Worst Accounting Fraud Schemes of the 21st Century • # Signs Your Accountant is Screwing You • Accounting Mistakes that Republicans/Democrats Don’t Want You to Know Cloud Computing • The # Worst Times Your Computer Can Brake and Lose All of Your Data Remember, admiration and loathing, love and hate, are strong emotions often connected to very sensitive parts of personalities and perspectives. Use them. But use them with caution, and know your audience. If you have a pessimistic audience who is disinterested in positive reinforcement, don’t even try to get them to admire your posts… unless your content is swayed toward loving to hate something (which sometimes works too). And if you have an extremely optimistic audience who recycles and enjoys cheering for the underdog, then pour on the positivity and get them to love you by sharing all things right with the world. • # Of the Worst Things You Can Find in Your Partner’s Cloud Home Insurance • # Insurance Companies That Weren’t There When People Needed Them Just make sure you know your audience well, because even a football player can insight a complete love fest or a fit of hateful scorn. • # Insurance Companies That Are Basically Stealing Your Money • Charitable Celebrities Who Committed Insurance Fraud Build out your idea so that readers grow more disdainful as they read by developing concepts that incite a visceral reaction. Many People hate Tim Tebow because he gets on their nerves and is fun to mock. 49 50 Chapter 9: Terror & Rage So now that we’ve covered Ecstasy & Grief and Loathing & Admiration from Plutchick’s Wheel of Emotion and we’ve looked at how each emotion can be used in content to create reactions with readers. Now let’s up the intensity as we cover Rage and Terror. Rage To understand how people move from annoyance to anger to full blown rage – think about how you feel when you are in a hurry and a slow moving, rickety car creeps into the fast lane and goes ten under the speed limit. If you can create content that accelerates emotion in readers as fast as no acceleration in the fast lane, you have social sharing gold. People love to share their rage. Why? Most of the time when someone is getting red in the face, the only way they can find relief is by sharing their tantrum with someone else. So push the buttons of your readers to get them to push their social sharing buttons. Many of the tips for causing Rage are similar to writing for Loathing because when we really hate something, it usually pisses us off too. Tips for writing to incite Rage: are shining a negative light on a positive person, place or thing, or literally sharing the news of something going away, find something people love and rip it apart. 2.Prove someone wrong – Call out a mistake made by an audience or group. Be sure you are right or at least have a strong angle that backs up your statement. You will likely get shares because the audience or group will want to give their opposing version of the story. 3.Complicate things – People resist change. Give them a reason to believe that their normal routines or philosophies are wrong and/or will need to be changed drastically. 4.Give solid reasons to be mad – Don’t just provide a broad perspective. Litter the entire piece of content with solid examples and anecdotes on why the story should make the reader mad. Examples of spinning boring topics toward Rage: Accounting • # Accounting Tips Your Boss Never Told You, But Should Have Because It Costs You X Hours of Extra Work • # Changes in the Tax Code that Are Going to Make You Miserable Cloud Computing • Is Cloud Computing Just Another Way to Say Headache? • # Ways the Wrong Cloud Computing System Will Lose Your Most Prized Photographs 1.Tear down or take away something people enjoy – People hate to see something they love fall apart. Whether you 51 52 Tips for writing to incite Terror: Home Insurance • # Things Your Home Insurance Company Probably Told You That Are Absolute Lies • Families Who Found Themselves on the Street Thanks to [Evil Insurance Company Name] Remember, when people are so mad that they don’t know what to do with themselves, they typically will do at least one thing – tell their friends. Terror If you want some examples about how well fear works as a motivator, just watch some mainstream news stations. News that incites apprehension stirs up emotions, but news that incites terror stirs up high ratings. The same is true for online content. People watch Nancy Grace because she taps into her target demographics’ main fears (being kidnapped, being kidnapped, yea well, mostly being kidnapped). If you can use Nancy’s tactic of understanding your audience and playing off of their fears, then you can get them to share content, because if they are scared about something, they will want their loved ones to be aware of the scary secret too. 53 1.Play off of fears and insecurities – We mentioned doing this for inciting Grief, and the same goes for terror. If you already know that your audience is afraid of something, you can inflate it to really scare the sh*t out of them. 2.Be outlandish, but truthful – If you are going to use the shock factor in your terrorizing content, make sure that you back up the hype. Bold statements without the support to back it up will lose you an audience faster than boring content. 3.Put the reader in a bleak situation – By putting a first person perspective on a scary situation readers will feel more attached to a story, therefore more likely to identify with and share the post. 4.Be topical – If the news is already spreading fear about a certain subject, ride the wave and build off of the fear by spinning it to your topic. Examples of spinning boring topics toward Terror: Accounting • # Accounting Mistakes That Will Definitely Make Your Boss Fire You • # Ways a Bad Accountant Can Make Your Homeless Cloud Computing • Cloud Computing Could Put # Americans Out of Jobs • Can Cloud Computing Share Your Deepest Secrets with the World? 54 Home Insurance • Katrina Costs Residents X and Only Costs Insurance Companies X • # Household Errors That Could Burn Down the House Remember to know your audience; what is terrifying to one audience may be something completely mundane to another audience. (This chart could really scare women in their late 30’s.) beach resort, don’t send over a piece on the 14 Most Gruesome Shark Attacks. These examples are pretty obvious, but always make sure to really think about out the ideas that seem great on the surface buy may hold some underlying negative attention. Tackling Rage and Terror is a risky subject. We always stress the importance of knowing your audience before you dive into inciting any sort of exaggerated emotion; that’s true here too, but in this case you also really need to think about the intended direction of that emotion. Make sure that you are directing Rage and Terror toward something that you don’t mind shining in an unbecoming light. If you are trying to get people to come to your blog about Hollywood Dogs, don’t write about 7 Movies with the Worst Conditions for Their Animal Star. And if your client is a 55 56 Chapter 10: Vigilance & Amazement This is it. We have arrived at the fifth and final chapter of the section. You should know by now that the best way to get an audience to act is to get them emotionally involved in whatever it is that you are saying. So far we have provided multiple lists of tips, strategies and examples of how to create content that emotionally attaches to a reader. Now, in the final chapter of this section, we’ll take on the final two emotions from Plutchik’s wheel – vigilance and amazement. And there is an obvious direction to go when talking about vigilance and amazement. And it’s the Batman. Vigilance The story of Batman is a prime example of how people will act (sometimes with incredible force and audacity) when provoked with an issue that they feel strongly about. When Bruce Wayne’s parents were killed by a city thug, young Bruce didn’t just get interested in the city’s planned efforts for removing the street crime. He didn’t sit around and anticipate the eventual removal of the city’s criminals. He donned a crazy, black bat suit and went out to fight the crime himself. reason to act, they will respond not because they want to, but because they can’t imagine it any other way. That’s good news when you are trying to get your audience to spread the word about your content. Tips for writing to incite vigilance: 1.Find a Cause and Fight for the Future – Find a cause that connects with something specific within your industry and then give your readers a way to fight for that cause. If you can’t find a specific organization or cause, fighting for the well being of future generations will always work. 2.Tell a Story – People connect to true stories. Offering examples of real people in real situations will likely draw your reader deeper into your content and create more compassion for the content’s purpose. 3.Put the Reader in Another World –Create a world that the reader can see, feel and deeply care about to get them to act. Make sure the world is pretty terrible if you are trying to get them to change it. Make sure it’s pretty great if you are trying to get them to build it. 4.Make Them Feel Like They CAN and WILL Make a Difference – People respond to results; if you can offer a potential end result that could happen with the help of your audience, you will be much more likely to get readers involved. Examples of spinning boring topics toward Vigilance: Accounting • # Ways to Make Sure the Next Generation Doesn’t Suck at Math If you can create content that speaks to readers and gives them 57 58 • The Most Inspiring Scholarships for Accountants and # Ways You Can Fund the Future If you can incite, “oohing” and “ahhing” from your audience, you will most certainly incite a social share from them as well. Cloud Computing • Things to Save in the Cloud for Future Generations • How the World Will Change With Clouds In Third World Countries Home Insurance • # Things You Should Tell Your Kids About Home Insurance, Before It’s Too Late • How To Help Flood Victims Get Back Afloat Encouraging your audience to act by connecting them to a cause or issue is a great way to get them to care about your industry and message. Amazement Batman seems like the perfect embodiment of both of these emotions. But for amazement, we won’t use the star character for our comparison; we look at the man behind the movie. Christopher Nolan, the writer of the Dark Knight trilogy, helped the trilogy make over a billion dollars by writing a story that provided his audience with distraction from the everyday, surprises around every corner and most importantly, sheer amazement in nearly every scene. 59 Tips for writing to incite amazement: 1.Push the Limits – Find something outlandish that someone else did and push it even further. The best idea are often something that reaches a boundary and then crosses it. 2.Don’t Be Afraid to Be Weird – People are amused by things that are unique, strange or just plain weird. Don’t be afraid to show something off-the-wall. People like to see something that they haven’t seen before. 3.Back Up the Facts – Just one wild fact will intrigue an audience. Scan stats and studies for springing findings. All you need is one shocking fact in a headline to catch major attention. 4.Make Sure It Hasn’t Been Done – Being amazing is easy, so anytime an idea pops into your head that feels too good to be true – it just might be. Make sure to search for your brilliant idea before writing and don’t get frustrated if you find that the idea has been done. Continue to spin the idea until you come up with something fresh, and new. Examples of spinning boring topics toward Amazement: Accounting • [Large Number of Money] Lost By Accounting Mistakes Across the Globe • # Accountants with Muscles Bigger Than Arnold 60 Cloud Computing • # Things You Never Knew Could Happen in the Cloud • The Amount of Information in the Cloud Could Fill [Large Number] Libraries Home Insurance Final Thoughts on Emotional Content So now you know that by putting an emotional spin on a topic, you are far more likely to connect with your audience. But a few major things to remember when creating emotionallydriven content: • Know your audience • Eight Homes Aboard • Take risks • How Much Does It Cost to Live Like a King? • Analyze past content to see what works (and what doesn’t) • # of the Weirdest Things Ever Insured • Ride the emotional roller coaster (don’t stick with one emotional appeal week after week) Search social sites to see what others are sharing to get an idea of the strange and crazy ideas that amaze people to the point that they have to read and share as well. So the Batman Dark Knight trilogy is proof that people will fight for something they believe in, as well as savor in the extraordinary. But remember, not every audience is the same. The Dark Knight had mass appeal, but your industry may not. Make sure to know your audience before making these moves. You may never be as good as Christopher Nolan at pulling your audience into sheer amazement, but with the right tactics, you can wow your audience with interest by continuing to show them ideas they have never seen or thought of. • Don’t give up Creativity isn’t easy. So don’t fret if you have a difficult topic and struggle with finding a unique and an emotionally driven way to spin it. Give yourself a break, walk away from the computer, and find inspiration all around you. Good ideas are behind every corner – you just need to know how to look for them. By looking a topic from an emotional angle, you will open up a world of new ideas and perspectives, and find a vast new playing field for creating ideas for content that readers love and love to share. And while you may not get your audience to go out and fight crime, by showing them something that they can and will feel passionate about, you will get them to at the very least, spread the word about your message. 61 62 Recognize the Emotional Trends of Social Sharing Jaime Spector Chapter 11: Introduction & Key Players Sharing content is without a doubt the lifeblood of the Internet. From the early days of dial-up newsgroup servers and guestbook pages, to today’s behemoth social media platforms, the web has always offered a level of deep interaction and expression that has revolutionized the way we communicate with one another. With more companies investing in new social media platforms the barrier of entry to join in on the online conversation has never been lower. The Forrester Research Company defines the social culture surrounding the Internet as the “groundswell”. The groundswell concept is the phenomenon where people take charge of their online interactions – sharing ideas, entertainment, information, reviews, opinions, and experiences in order to shape and influence those who come in contact with it. The groundswell affects every industry, and marketers are always looking for new ways to tap into its power. The Root of Social Sharing Marketing companies love to box people into convenient little categories when strategizing their social media game plan. It’s easy to assume that those who are vocal about charitable causes could be labeled “altruists”, or people who post about cool clothes and music could be called “hipsters”, but I believe that the trends surrounding social sharing run deeper than superficial demographics. Let’s run down what we know about what motivates people to share content online: • It’s entertaining • It can define a desired lifestyle • It can help to build relationships • It’s a conversation starter 65 • It can spread the word of a cause or campaign effort At the core of these motivators is the emotional state of the person updating his or her status. As previously mentioned, Plutchik’s Wheel of Emotions is an apt example for covering the full spectrum of emotional reactions. When the human brain reacts to stimuli, it will elicit a psychological response of one or more of the emotions displayed on the wheel. Minor reactions such as boredom, apprehension, and interest remain on the outside of the wheel. If the stimuli elicits a stronger emotional appeal, it will spark a reaction that falls somewhere deeper toward the middle of the wheel. This reactionary relationship can happen either instantaneously or build upon previous conceptions of associated stimuli. Using this model as the basis for how people react and share online content, we can get a better idea of how emotions affect Internet culture. Key Players In order to understand how emotions can elicit online trends, we first must take a look at some of the most popular social networking platforms available today. Since each network has its own unique way of distributing information, one platform may lend itself more to certain types of emotional trends than another. 1. Facebook Facebook is the current leading social media platform. With a base of 500 million registered users, it is the easiest and most prevalent at instantly eliciting emotional responses. Because Facebook integrates with just about every form of media, it 66 lends itself to a variety of emotions. Content can be passed around and encourage immediate emotional stimuli from what is being shared along with the conversation it starts. This status update perfectly encapsulates the flexibility of emotional sharing trends. On one hand, many teenage users take linkbait content at face value and “Like” things that they can immediately identify with. This status appeals to the “acceptance” emotion on the wheel. However, many users may be turned off by its frivolous nature and react with annoyance, or even anger. From there a conversation starts up, which builds on the relationship that was sparked from the initial reaction. 2. Twitter Twitter takes a more immediate approach to social sharing, and as a result I’ve found content to be much more observational in nature. Twitter users can only gain more followers if they produce meaningful and original content (with the exception of already established celebrities/brands). A linkbait status or meme image might not translate as well on this platform. Because Twitter allows me to cultivate a feed of personalized 67 people which I’ve elected to follow, I’ve found my emotional reactions tend to fall closer towards the center of the wheel. I’ve seen my relationships move from slight “interest” to deep anticipation from my favorite twitter accounts. 3. Reddit Reddit is a growing social community platform that builds on the emotional relationships stemmed from shared user content. The site prides itself on making the content the star rather than the user. Profile pages are very minimal which adds a layer of anonymity among its community. This allows for content to be more experimental and more hard-edged than on other social platforms. I’ve always viewed Reddit as sort of a “social laboratory” for creating and redefining Internet culture. Memes, jokes, and breaking news are often originated here before making their way to Facebook or Twitter. Reddit allows users to pursue thousands of niche communities, everything from politics, to religion, to dog gifs. This gives users a deeper emotional connection to the content they view because they are actively pursuing it rather than just seeing it show up on a feed somewhere. 68 Concluding Thoughts Social media is constantly changing. Social sharing can tap into our emotions and challenge our core values. The way we engage with online content can vary drastically depending on which channel of distribution we choose to consume it. Whether its on a superficial level or hits us deep within the core center of the emotion wheel, social sharing will continue to leave its impact on us for as long as the Internet exists. 69 70 Chapter 12: Grief & Ecstasy Earlier I wrote about the concept of how emotions elicit online trends and serve as the key-motivating factor for all interaction on social media platforms. I presented the argument that the varying methods of distribution of social feeds across the key players could drastically change how we feel and share certain types of content. In keeping with our theme of Plutchik’s Wheel of Emotions, I will select two of the wheel’s core emotions in a series that explores how social sharing makes us feel. This week covers arguably the most important set of emotions: Ecstasy and Grief. Grief Grief is one of the most difficult emotional states to overcome. As stated previously, grief results from the natural reaction from loss. Whether it’s a loved one, prized possession or natural ability, the loss of something cherished can often leave a person devastated, unable to cope with normal day-to-day activities. Because grief is such a personal and sensitive emotion, many people wouldn’t associate it with social networking. After all, social sharing is generally meant to be entertaining or informative. When you think of Facebook, you think of happy photos of your friends and family enjoying a day at the beach or a fun night out. Every now and then, the news of a death might pop up on your feed, breaking the happy-go-lucky 71 façade of Facebook with a crushing does of reality. These aren’t just words and faces on a computer; they are real people with whom you share real relationships. Social Media and Death According to PCPro, approximately 1.5 million Facebook users (and similarly, Twitter users) die each year. It is the harsh reality that comes from a user base reaching over half a billion people worldwide. Facebook addresses these tragedies with their Memorial Pages. Accounts of the deceased are transferred over to a private page. Close friends and relatives are encouraged to share their stories and tributes. Twitter’s policy is more discrete. It gives the next of kin full access of the account, and the option of deleting it or archiving it. Psychologists agree that Facebook’s “memorializing” of the deceased can in fact help ease the grieving process. It opens a line of immediate communication for someone in mourning. Reading condolences and reminiscing happy memories is an important part of coping with death, and seeing it all on one page can help keep that person’s spirit alive. Although social media is a good outlet for close friends and family to connect over the loss of a loved one, it is important to remember that the initial breaking of the news should still be handled with caution. Overall Facebook is probably the best social media venue to curate comments and condolences. Other social media venues have more anonymity and can lead to the risk of potentially hurtful or exploitative interactions from other users. 72 Ecstasy Ecstasy is an extreme feeling of happiness, stemming from the lower-ranking emotions of serenity and joy. It is the culmination of both self-fulfillment and pleasure that induces a smile or laugh. For hundreds of years humans have been seeking new ways to elicit happiness. Whether we find happiness through music, dance, jokes, religion, art, etc., it’s something that we all seek. The rise of the Internet and social media has amplified this never-ending quest for happiness. It has given the user total control over what content he or she desires with almost no limits to how it’s consumed. Entire music catalogues, thousands of hours of premium TV and movie content, millions of conversations and interactions surrounding the show or movie you just watched, cute animal pictures, political satire, pornography – it’s all readily available for your own entertainment. All of these things are available to make you happier. than when you’ve received positive attention for something you’ve shared. The social sharing “ego boost” is a staple of online interactions and an important part of understanding emotion in social media. The Effects of Those Around You Another thing that affects happiness is the company you keep. This is especially true for your social networks. According to the guardian, an individual’s happiness can be determined by the happiness of those connected in his or her online network. Another study also suggests that those with less online connections (Facebook friends, Twitter followers, etc.) are more likely to post negative comments in their feed than those with larger networks. While there’s something to be said about keeping a tightknit community of Facebook friends, those that don’t take advantage of growing their networks might miss out exciting new connections and opportunities for happiness. Platforms like Twitter, Instagram and Reddit especially encourage strangers to interact and open themselves up to new ideas and perspectives. Being adventurous and taking part in the online conversation might be just what you need to achieve ecstasy. We Crave Reinforcement In addition to the pure pleasure we gain from the content we consume, we also enjoy the self-fulfillment of sharing with others. Giving can often be just as good as receiving, and a new form of pleasure is received via others’ reactions. Humans love positive reinforcement. Virtually all social media platforms are built with this appeal to emotions in mind. It feels good when you receive a flood of likes on a photo you’ve shared, or Reddit Karma for something clever you thought up at work. Almost nothing feels better 73 74 Chapter 13: Admiration & Loathing Last time we took a look at how people express and share internal happiness and sadness online. The key takeaways from these emotions are that they are inherently personal, and that they tend to vary across the micro-individual levels. Our next pair of emotions applies to the external levels, or more specifically, communities. As we continue on through Plutchik’s Wheel of Emotions, we move away from ecstasy and grief and focus on today’s topic – Admiration and Loathing. Admiration Admiration by definition is the act of looking on or contemplating with pleasure. It is the feeling of being adored, or accepted by those who you’ve worked hard to build a lasting relationship. Genuine trust and admiration does not often come easy. It takes dedication, integrity and most of all communication. Couples who do not communicate get divorced, politicians who do not empathize with the public get criticized, and brands that are out of touch with their consumers lose shareholders. This logic also applies to those who wish to earn the trust of an audience online; admiration is something that must be earned and cannot be taken for granted. media is probably the best means of building these types of relationships. It is an immediate line of communication for an artist, company, or writer to promote content and engage an audience. Doing the Crowd-Work Great stand-up comedians know that one of the best ways to win over an audience is to interact and make the audience part of the show. People get a kick when they see a performer improvising and working out of his or her comfort zone in order to empathize and laugh along with the people. This is known as “crowd-work”, and it’s an often-overlooked yet important step for a comic to build a psychological layer of trust with the audience. The same technique applies to social sharing. The most admired people online are those who not only put out quality, consistent content, but also know their niche inside and out. These people know which buttons to push and which types of communication work, and which types don’t work on all of the various social media platforms. For instance, comedian and writer Rob Delaney was able to tweak his tone and style of jokes to fit within the confines of 140 characters. Unlike happiness, admiration is built upon the foundation of those in your social network. No one needs to tell you to be happy, but trust and acceptance can only be achieved through building and cultivating external relationships. Social 75 76 A few years and over 587,000 followers later, Delaney’s status has risen from a relatively unknown comic to being voted Comedy Central’s funniest person on Twitter. All of this is because of his interaction with his followers and audiences online, and because of his relaxed method of humor. Loathing Loathing stems from the emotions of boredom and disgust, and is the polar opposite of admiration. In other words, it is the extreme dislike of someone or something. Loathing should not be confused with rage (which we’ll cover at another time). Unlike rage, people would rather avoid something they dislike than waste time hating it. This is something to keep in mind if you wish to use controversy as a means for gaining social shares. People who dislike something without anger or annoyance will have no reason to interact or keep it in the context of their minds. existence. Minor criticisms aside, I probably won’t ever share or make comments about it online (this article being the exception), I just don’t think about it, and I’m fine with that. The point is, take everything in stride. If you are confident enough in the product you’re delivering, then you can bet that there is an audience out there for it. The Internet is a vast network and millions of different people are consuming and sharing content every day. By understanding your niche and keeping an open dialogue with your target audience, you can begin to build the foundations for what people like and share online. Find your voice, and forget what the masses think. You can’t please everybody, nor should you try. Taste is Everything At the end of the day, it all comes down to personal taste. It would be a disservice to try to cater to every niche on every platform. Not everyone is going to enjoy the same things. For example, I do not enjoy “torture-porn” style horror films. Movies like Human Centipede have gained sort a cult-success due to being so shockingly graphic. After learning about its content, I was so disgusted that I’ve managed to avoid it like the plague. However, it does not make me angry that the film exists. I understand the appeal and have chosen to ignore its 77 78 Chapter 14: Rage & Terror Last time I wrote about the importance of building trust and catering to your online social niches as they apply to admiration and loathing. The important things the remember is that you cannot appeal to everyone, and that spreading yourself too thin will only serve to alienate those who admire you the most. The next two emotions on the wheel appeal to the passionate and thrill-seeking nature of social sharing. In today’s topic, we continue our series of examining trends in social sharing through the lens of Plutchik’s Wheel of Emotions and tackle Rage and Terror. Rage Rage is the culmination of annoyance and anger. When sparked, it can often lead to violent bursts of wrath, leaving a chaotic trail of destruction in its furious wake. At its most intense levels, rage has been known to inflict damage on others – both physically and psychologically. When a person experiences a “fit of rage” he or she often acts solely out of aggression, ignoring all rationale and composure. Of course, rage is the most extreme iteration, stemming from the milder forms of anger. These can take many forms. From snarky, passive-aggressive sarcasm to bullying and namecalling, there are many shades to aggression. Why is the Internet so Angry? Even if you’re just a casual Web user, chances are you’ve 79 witnessed your share of “Internet rage”. I’m certainly no exception. Not a day goes by where I don’t see someone arguing over this week’s political/social scandals on Facebook or witnessed some form of horrible ignorance spewed out into the comments section of a blog post or YouTube video. The question is why? Why do people so often spread their hateful rage and vitriol across the spectrum of social media platforms? What is it about the Internet and social sharing trends that get people riled up and ready to shout their grievances to the world like some sort of next generation Howard Beale? The Anonymity Factor There are many psychological and social things to consider when examining anger expressed online. The first and biggest factor is the conceived notion of anonymity, and the lack of accountability. Comment sections on blogs and other community-based sites often require very little form of identification or moderation of their content. Essentially this allows anyone, anywhere to post anything they please without any form of liability. Because there is often no filter, many people can be as rude or hateful as they like with no real punishment or consequence. It’s the perfect breeding ground for bullies, racists, cynics and haters alike. In addition to anonymity, aggressors are often hundreds, if not thousands of miles away from each other. Things like body language, subtext, tone of voice and the forced immediate reactions that you get via face-to-face encounters are lost and replaced with carefully thought-out quips and hyperboles. According to The Scientific American, it’s easier for a person to be mean and nasty in writing than in speech, which only serves to escalate the situation. 80 The Sharebait Factor The social trend of linkbait or sharebait articles and other content is often designed to ruffle your feathers. It’s no secret that controversy sells, and many bloggers write their copy or headlines with social shares in mind. There is nothing wrong with sparking a heated debate; the problem is that so many of these types of content are often meant to be inherently divisive. Facebook macros that convey religious, political or social animosity are bound to lead to some sort of backlash. A good rule of thumb is to always be aware of who your friends are and be ready to back up your arguments with some sort of intelligent thought before sharing something controversial. Terror Just like how rage is the product of annoyance and anger, terror stems from both the emotions of apprehension and fear. It is the intense feeling of being afraid and the accompanying anxieties that come with it. Whether it’s public speaking, death, spiders, the dentist, heights, etc. everyone is afraid of something. It is one of the natural vulnerabilities that make us human. There is an odd relationship between social media and fear. Almost all of the major platforms are purposely designed to be open, friendly environments that upon first glance do not seem threatening. Why should you fear Facebook? All of your friends are there and having a blast. Twitter is wonderful, just look at that adorable bird! It’s when you dig deeper into the 81 psychological tolls of social media that apprehension starts to kick in. All of the social fears and anxieties that come with sociological interactions carry over into social media. According to a survey conducted at Napier University, it was revealed that Facebook actually correlates with increased stress and anxiety. Participants responded that they felt guilt and other neuroses when they weren’t logged in and checking in on their statuses. Fear Can Be Fun If there’s anything that we can learn from the hundreds of horror films, books, and TV shows that are produced every year, it’s that people love to be scared. The Internet is no different. Every day people are sharing weird images, creepy stories and videos that are designed to give you thrills and chills. Communities like r/NoSleep and other “creepypastas” are known for spreading scary myths, legends, and stories not unlike the ones you used to hear sitting around the campfire. One of the Internet’s favorite scary stories is about the Slenderman – a tall, faceless humanoid creature who wears a suit and a tie and is known for stalking children and making its victims go insane. The meme has inspired parodies, a YouTube series, a computer game, and even a movie in the works. At the end of the day, there is plenty to fear or hate out there on the Internet. It’s important to have a sense of balance to what you do online in order to decrease anxiety for yourself and others. 82 Chapter 15: Vigilance & Amazement This is it folks, the end of the line. If you’ve made it this far, then you already know that a few of us here at CopyPress have been examining the relationships that emotions have on online social content using Plutchik’s Wheel as the basis of our arguments. We’ve discussed how anonymity and anxieties associated with social media can often incite rage and/or terror for online users. While certainly the Internet can be a scary place, it can also invigorate you or fill you with wonder. We’ll conclude this section on emotional social sharing trends by digging into the last two remaining emotions on the wheel – Vigilance and Amazement. millions of blog posts, tweets, YouTube videos, podcasts being made every day, it can be difficult to keep track of what’s going on. That’s why the most vigilant online users take advantage of various tools and resources to stay ahead of the curve. Tools of the Trade Unlike other emotions on the wheel, online users who exhibit vigilance are what you might call “power users”. They have moved beyond simple interest and anticipation of fresh content and are instead honed into where to get their next information or media fix. In order to make the most of their time, these advanced users are using powerful tools that bring the content to them. Forget bookmarking your favorite sites, that’s bush league. Here are just some of the tools of the trade: • Google Alerts – vigilant users keep tabs on their favorite topics of interest by flagging key search terms that bloggers might use. Vigilance Vigilance can be defined as a state of keen alertness, ever watchful for activity of any particular interest. Whether your interests were rooted in suspicious, curiosity or excitement – being vigilant will lead to new insight. In politics, vigilance is an expected trait of our elected democratic leaders. People demand an administration that is consistently aware of what’s happening both globally and in their own backyard. On the flipside, it is in the people’s best interest to stay vigilant so that the powers that be stay loyal to those that they swore to represent. I believe it was the famous American abolitionist Wendell Phillips who said, “Eternal vigilance is the price of liberty; power is ever stealing from the many to the few.” In the context of social sharing, vigilance is only earned by those who take active measures to seek information. With 83 • Twitter Search – there’s no better way for a user to find out exactly what’s going on in the moment than Twitter search. For instance, I knew exactly when Osama Bin Laden was assassinated and could read people’s reactions a good five minutes before the blogosphere picked it up. • RSS Feeds – informed users keep up-to-date on all of the latest trends, updates and industry news through RSS feeds. With the prevalence of mobile technology, RSS keeps people on the pulse of the Internet at all times. • Reddit – Probably the most entertaining resource, Reddit combines all of the best interactions of message boards and front-page news and spits it out into an easy-to-read, user-friendly format. Its content database is so massive and all-encompassing that you could consider it the WalMart of online forums. 84 Fanboys Vigilance is a key attribute for the most dedicated of your audience. They are often the most passionate of a brand, and for some brands they will foam at the mouth for any new nugget of information your PR team and community managers decide to toss to them. You might have heard the term “fanboy” tossed around on a blog somewhere… in essence, it describes the most active and engaged chunk of your audience, and they can be a powerful tool when used properly. Not convinced? Just check out Mac Rumors and see for yourself: the fanboys in their natural habitat. Internet Watchdogs Of course, vigilant users online also care about important issues that affect more than whether or not they qualify for the latest iPhone upgrade. Take the infamous SOPA incident that had the Internet up in arms and ready to declare war on state policy-makers. I’m sure you’re probably sick of reading about this so I’ll keep it brief. SOPA (Stop Internet Piracy Act) was a strategically written bill bankrolled by the RIAA and other corporate interest groups that would allow them the final say whether a piece of content posted online is considered “copyright infringement” or not with little to no due process. Not surprisingly, the bloggers and Internet conglomerates rallied together to kill the bill, raising awareness to stop similarly written bills from being passed in 85 the future. This is a great example of how online vigilance can translate into a real-world action. Amazement The term “amazing” is funny because it’s so commonly used, often in hyperbole. Comedian Louis CK has a great bit about how people love to immediately reach for the top-shelf when describing things. He argues that if you call a basket of chicken wings “amazing”, then how would you describe Jesus descending from the sky and impregnating you with a new living lord? You’ve already limited yourself verbally to a s**t life! Ok, I’ll stop now before I completely butcher his joke. The point being that people like to throw around words like, “amazing” so often and for the most mundane things that we can forget what the term actually means. The dictionary defines amazement as, “a state of extreme surprise or wonder.” On the emotions wheel, amazement is the culmination of distraction and surprise. When you are truly amazed, all of your pre-conceived notions or judgments about something go out the window. For that brief moment, you’re completely speechless and might even be unable to fully process what’s happening. Tough Crowd Since true amazement is a rare thing, it can be tough to capture that emotion through social sharing. More often than not, social media usually serves as an amusing distraction, falling further away from the center of the emotion wheel. How many times have you heard that the Internet is making 86 media and entertainment more disposable? I can certainly relate with that point. When I’m listening to music, looking through pictures on tumblr and checking my Twitter all at the same time, I’m never fully appreciating or connecting with any platform. This doesn’t mean that I’m never surprised or even amazed by online content; it’s just more difficult for something truly profound to break through the clutter. 87 88