Subterranean Termite Treatment, What You Don`t Know Can Hurt

Subterranean Termite
Treatment, What You Don’t
Know Can Hurt You
Dr. Vernard R. Lewis
UC Berkeley
Chemical Applicators Short
Course, Portland, Jan 2007
Outline
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Definition
Termite history
Diversity
Castes & lifecycle
Biology & Ecology
Inspection/Detection
Control/Management
Isoptera: same
wing
Ant & Termite Differences
Ancient history
Roaches & termites are related!
Termite Diversity
> 2600 kinds
Key Features
Molecular
Moleculargenetics
genetics**
Families/genera/species
Family
#Genera
#Species
Termopsidae
5
20
Hodotermitidae
3
19
Mastotermitidae
1
1
Kalotermitidae
22
419
Rhinotermitidae
14
343
Serritermitidae
1
1
Termitidae
864
1,330
TOTALS
282
2,761
Oregon Termites
• Subterranean,
Reticulitermes
• Dampwood,
Zootermopsis
• Drywood?,
Incisitermes
Castes
Castes
•
•
•
•
Social with castes
Prolific egg laying
Very flexible
Most important, we
help them!
TERMITE LIFECYCLE
• Very complicated!
Natural Ecology
Economic Importance
subterranean termites
• Rare buildings are
bulldozered
• At least 1 billion
board feet per yr in
CA consumed
More likely damage
• Laminated appearance
• Soil in galleries
• Soil contact
Mudtubes
• Vary in shape and
length
• Need for water
• Termites never leave
home without them!
Inspection/Detection
Problems with visual searches
Inspection Aids
Window with a problem
• Where are the
termites coming
from?
Same window
• Visual image top
• X-ray image below
CONTROL
background
Alternative Termite Management S trategies for Sub terranean, Arboreal
and Drywood T ermites in Structures
Termite Nesting H abitat
Time of Appli cation
Management Strategy
Sub terranean
Arboreal and
aerial Nesters
Ź
Build ing desig n & sit e
Yes
Yes
preparation
Yes
Yes
Termite resistant
construction and u se of
preservative-treated
timber products
Physi cal barriers
Yes, but limit ed Yes but limit ed
Drywood
Pre-/During
Construction
PostConstruction
Yes
Yes (best)
Yes (repairs)
Yes
Yes (best)
Yes (repairs)
Yes, but
limited
Yes (but
limited)
Yes (repairs)
Yes (but may
not b e the best
in some
instances)
Location
specifi c
Yes
Termiti cides to soi l and
topical and subsurface
applicatio ns to wood.
Yes
Yes but limit ed
Yes
Target specific baitin g
systems
Yes
Insufficient data
available for
arboreal nesters.
No
Space Fumigatio n
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Thermal
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Experimental
Experimental
No
No
Experimental
Biological Control
Yes
Subterranean termites nest below
ground
Definition: Whole vs Local
•
Whole-structure all boards
treated simultaneously
•
Local restricted to single or
group of boards
Chlorinated hydrocarbons
• POPs, persistent
organic pollutes
• Global treaty,
Stockholm
Convention
CONTROL/MANAGEMENT FOR
SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES
• soil termiticides
• Subterranean
termite baits
Some
Somechemical
chemicalAI
AI
TABLE 5. Termite Manag ement POPs Alternative : Termiticides in Soil
or
Other Carriers
Active Ingredient
Mode o f Action
Repellant
Bifenth rin
Cyfluthrin
Cype rnethrin
Feni trothion
Fenva lerate
Phenth ioat e
Permethrin
Silafluo fen
Triazopho s
Tralom ethrin
Zeta-cype rmethrin
Rep ellant and toxic, sodiu m
channel inhibi tor
Rep ellant and toxic, sodiu m
channel inhibi tor
Rep ellant and toxic, sodiu m
channel inhibi tor
Tox ican t, chol inesterase inhib
Rep ellant and toxic, sodiu m
channel inhibi tor
Tox ican t, chol inesterase inhib
Rep ellant and toxic, sodiu m
channel inhibi tor
Rep ellant and toxic, sodiu m
channel inhibi tor
Tox ican t, chol inesterase inhib
Rep ellant and toxic, sodiu m
channel inhibi tor
Rep ellant and toxic, sodiu m
channel inhibi tor
Nonrepellant
Chlo rpyrifos
Tox ican t, chol inesterase inhib
Imidac loprid
Tox ican t, non -repl lent ; nico t
inh ibito r
Tox ican t, non -repe llen t; GA
inh ibito r
Tox ican t
Tox ican t
Fiproni l
Chlo rphenapy r
Thiome
More baits!
DON’T FORGET:
PREVENTION
Termite
TermitePrevention
Prevention
TABLE 3.
Termite Manag ement POPs Alternative : Termite Resistant
Construction
and use o f Preserva tive-treated Timber Products
Types
Masonry
Conc rete element s
Steel, a lumin ium and o ther
metals
Natu rally resistant timb ers
Preserva tive-treated
timbers
Ammon iacal Coppe r Quat
(ACQ)
Chrommated coppe r
arsenate (CCA)
Coppe r Naph thena te
Specifics/Mo de o f Action
Clay and con crete brick s,
con crete block s and ston e,
not a barrier to
subte rranean attack.
Not a b arrier to
subte rranean termite
attack.
Exclusion for subte rranean
termites.
Tox ic/repel lent for
subte rranean, arboreal and
drywood te rmites.
Metaboli c poi son
Metaboli c poi son
Metaboli c poi son
Zinc Napth enat e
Metaboli c poi son
Coppe r Azole
Creosote Oil
Disodium Octabo rate
tetrahyd rate (DOT)
Extract of Azidi racht in
Metaboli c poi son
Metaboli c poi son
Metaboli c poi son
Neem Oil
Silica Gel
Cresote
Rep ellant, Metaboli c
poi son
Rep ellant, Metaboli c
poi son
Rep ellant, ve ry toxic
metabo lic po ison
Rep ellant and v ery toxi c
metabo lic po ison
Construction practices
No wood -soil cont act
Exclusion
Seal foundat ion c racks
Exclusion
Considerations
Termites may b e abl e to pen
mortar joints or us e the ho llo
areas in th e brick s and b lock
Produced with ce rtain
spec ification s that va ry. C ra
commonly o ccur allowing t e
entry.
Limited av ailabil ity
Limited av ailabil ity
Apply to subt errane an, a rbo
and d rywood t ermites.
Apply to subt errane an, a rbo
and d rywood t ermites
Apply to subt errane an, a rbo
and d rywood t ermites
Apply to subt errane an, a rbo
and d rywood t ermites
Little publ ished dat a.
Being pha sed out
Apply to subt errane an, a rbo
and d rywood t ermites
Publi shed information l imit
Publi shed information l imit
Env ironmen tally ve ry pe rsis
being pha sed out.
Being pha sed out.
Apply to subt errane an and
arboreal n esters.
Apply to subt errane an and
arboreal n esters.
TAB LE 4:
Te rmite Ma n age men t PO Ps Alt ern ative: Physical Barriers
Active Ingredient
Concrete Slab
Graded Particles
Sand
Mode o f Action
Exclusion
Application/ Considerati
Has to be p roduced to certai
spec ification s; joint s and
pen etration s requi re addi tion
protective m easures. Wid e r
of materials and systems u se
below.
Exclusion
The se bar ri ers ca n be bre
and br id ged ov er b y for ag
mu d tunne ls.
c rushed rock, g rani tes and
ba salts
Exclusion
The se bar ri ers ca n be bre
and br id ged ov er b y for ag
mu d tunne ls.
Glass
Exclusion
The se bar ri ers ca n be bre
and br id ged ov er b y for ag
mu d tunne ls.
Soli d Sheet Materia l
high g rade stainle ss steel
Exclusion
marine g rade a lumin ium
Exclusion
The se bar ri ers ca n be bre
and br id ged ov er b y for ag
mu d tunne ls.
The se bar ri ers ca n be bre
and br id ged ov er b y for ag
mu d tunne ls.
c ertain pla stics
Exclusion
The se bar ri ers ca n be bre
and br id ged ov er b y for ag
mu d tunne ls.
Wove n Stainless Steel Mesh
high g rade stainle ss steel
Exclusion
The se bar ri ers ca n be bre
and br id ged ov er b y for ag
mu d tunne ls.
Useful web sites
• CAL Termite
http:www.cnr.berkeley.edu/lewis
• UC Davis Pest Notes
http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/selectnewpest.home.html
• United Nations www.chem.unep.ch/pops/termites_toc.htm
Questions & Thanks!
Control
Options
Fumigation
Heat
Liquid nitrogen
Microwave
Electrocution
Chemicals
Biological