Social Media for Disappearing Communities

SOCIAL MEDIA FOR
DISAPPEARING
COMMUNITIES
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Theory of Community
Social norms
Religious Belief
Language
Value system
Cultural belief
Shared
History
Artifacts
Aspirations
Shared culture
shared
Involvement
Ethnicity
genes
Community
Participation
Lifestyle
Shared
Reverence
Shared memory
for cultures
Practices
Physical
Occupation
Homeland
Space
common interest
Sustenence
Political boundary
Locality
Geographical area
Theory of Community
Social norms
Religious Belief
Language
Value system
Cultural belief
Shared
History
Artifacts
Aspirations
shared
Shared culture
Ethnicity
genes
Disappearing
Community
Participation
Lifestyle
Reverence
Shared
values
for cultures
Shared memory
Practices
Physical
Homeland
Occupation
Space
Common interest
Sustenence
Political boundary
Locality
Geographical area
Research Outline
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identity
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indicators
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Ground Research India
Disappearing
Communities In India
Western coast line
Central & eastern forest
Katkari
Birhor
Phase Pardhi
Oraon
Warali
Bonda
Bhil
Toto
Parasi
Abhuj Maris
East Indian
Munda
Koli
Bene Israel
Khotachi wadi
North East (Himalaya)
Bodo
Khasi
Desert
Bhotia
Banjara
Sahni
Meena
Kashmiri Pandit
Lepcha
South eastern
Todas
Irulas
Island
Jarwa
Onge
Sentinelese
Great Andamanese
Selection of community
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Bene Israel
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Bene Israel Of India
INTRODUCTION
BHD
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ISRAEL: GEOGRAPHY
BID
BIDO[[W!PTLKPHPVPSS\Z[YH[PVUZ4PKKSLF,HZ[WUN
INDIA: GEOGRAPHY
INDIA
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TIMELINE
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USER STUDY
5HTL!1HJVI+HUKLRHY
(NL!`LHYZ
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6JJ\WH[PVU!/HaaHUH[(SPIH\N:`UHNVN\L
"Bene Israelis settled down in Alibaug but now there are
only 4-5 families in this area. All are moving to Israel for better
opportunities. If I move to Israel who will take care of this synagogue?"
5HTL!4VZLZ7LURHY
(NL!`LHYZ
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6JJ\WH[PVU!>VYRPUNPU:`UHNVN\L
"For Bene Israelis synagogue is the place of social gathering. All prayers,
marriages, malida and religious functions happen in synagogues. Thus
synagogues play a critical role for bonding in our community."
5HTL!4HY`+LZOWHUKL
(NL! `LHYZ
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6JJ\WH[PVU!/V\ZL^PML
"In those days I married a Deshpande and now I am following both
cultures. My all siblings are in Israel but India is my motherland and
Israel is fatherland, thus I want to stay here only."
5HTL!:OHYVU.HSZ\YRHY
(NL!`LHYZ
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“New generation is not interested in preserving our identity. They are
unaware of Judaism and other core values of the Jewish community.
Proper knowledge of Jewish customs is lacking in this generation."
5HTL!4H`LY4VZLZ
(NL!`LHYZ
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6JJ\WH[PVU!>VYRPUN
"After establishment of Israel my all cousins migrated to Israel. Now a
days because of technology like facebook & email we are connected
with each other. But I am worried about the rapid disappearance of our
community from India. We should do all we can to preserve our identity."
CULTURAL IDENTITY
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BKD
HISTORY
DAILY LIFE & FOOD
BLD
BLDO[[W!PTHNLZSPNO[Z[HSRLYZVYNPTHNLZ
SURNAME
BLD
BLDO[[W!PTHNLZSPNO[Z[HSRLYZVYNPTHNLZ
BLD
COSTUMES
ARTIFACTS
TORAH SCROLL
MEZUZA
TEHILLIM
HEBREW
SYNAGOGUE
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BND
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BNDO[[W!^^^ÅPJRYJVTWOV[VZROHSPSZH^HU[ ZPaLZSPUWOV[VZ[YLHT
MIGRATION
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LIFE IN ISRAEL
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Current Scenario
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>LZ[LYUPaLKSPMLZ[`SL,\YVWL
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EXISTING SOCIAL MEDIA
6SKMVYTZVMZVJPHSTLKPHOH]LJOHUNLK
5L^LYNLULYH[PVUZHYLUV[HZHJ[P]LHZ[OLVSKLYNLULYH[PVUZ
;OL`OH]LZOPM[LK[VUL^LY[`WLZVMZVJPHSTLKPHSPRL
LTHPSISVNZTHNHaPULZMHJLIVVRÄSTZT\ZPJL[J
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BRDO[[W!HZPHUQL^PZOSPMLVYNWHNLZHY[PJSLZH\[\TU(13F*V]LY:[VY`F.YV^PUN<W1L^PZOF0UKPHO[TS
SOCIAL SPACE
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SOCIAL
SPACE
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MEDIA MAPPING
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MEDIA
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OBSERVATIONS
‹ 4HYH[OPPZ[OLPYTV[OLY[VUN\LHUK4HYH[OPJ\S[\YLPZ
HULZZLU[PHSWHY[VM[OLPYSPMLZ[`SL
‹ 0TTLUZLYLZWLJ[MVY0UKPHMHP[OM\S[V1L^PZOYLSPNPVU
‹ *VU[LTWVYHY`[OV\NO[ZWYVTV[LPU[LYJHZ[LTHYYPHNL
‹ ;OL`KVUV[^VYRVU:H[\YKH`LH[Z[YPJ[S`2VZOLYMVVK
‹ ,]LY`OVTLVM)LUL0ZYHLSTLZ\aHOH]LHZWLJPHSWSHJL
‹ )LUL0ZYHLSPZTLL[LHJOV[OLYH[Z`UHNVN\LL]LY`-YPKH`
‹ (SS[OL`HYLLK\JH[LKHUK\ZLSH[LZ[[LJOUVSVN`
‹ )LUL0ZYHLS0U0ZYHLSHYLZ[PSSH[[HJOLK[V0UKPH[O\Z[OL`JVTLOLYLPUOVSPKH`Z
‹ 0U0ZYHLSHSZV[OL`OH]LZ[PSSTHPU[HPULK[OLPYKPZ[PUJ[PKLU[P[`HUKZ[PSS^VYZOPWPU
)LUL0ZYHLSZ`UHNVN\LZ
‹ 6SKNLULYH[PVUPZ^VYYPLKHIV\[[OLPYKPZHWWLHYHUJL
‹ @V\UNWLVWSLHYLUV[RLLUVUWYLZLY]PUN[OLPYKPZ[PUJ[J\S[\YHSPKLU[P[`
‹ 9LJLU[[LYYVYPZ[HJ[P]P[PLZOH]LPUJS\KLK1L^ZHZH[HYNL[
PROBLEMS
‹ ;OLTHPUWYVISLTPZ]VS\U[HY`TPNYH[PVU[V0ZYHLS
‹ ;OPZKLJYLHZLU\TILYVM[OLPYWVW\SH[PVUPZK^PUKSPUN[OLPYHNLVSKJVTT\UP[`
‹ 5VZ[YVUNJVUULJ[PVUIL[^LLUTLTILYZ^P[OPU0UKPH
‹ 6SKNLULYH[PVUZPU0UKPHHYL^VYYPLKILJH\ZL[OLPYJOPSKYLUHYLPU0ZYHLS
SLHKPUN[VJVUZ[HU[\UOHWWPULZZ
‹ )LJH\ZLVMSLZZWVW\SH[PVUZ`UHNVN\LZHYLHSZVMHJPUNJYPZPZZP[\H[PVUZ
‹ :VTLZ`UHNVN\LZHYLUV^PU]LY`IHKJVUKP[PVU
‹ 0UKPHKVU[OH]LHU`1L^PZOSH^MVY[OLPYTH[[LYZ
3PRL/PUK\4\ZSPTSH^MVY^LKKPUNL[J
‹ 3P[[SLVYUV1L^PZOLK\JH[PVUPU[OL)LUL0ZYHLSP`V\[O[VKH`
‹ 5L^NLULYH[PVUPZUV[H^HYLKVLZUV[JHYLHIV\[[OLPYKPZ[PUJ[PKLU[P[`
‹ 5VMVYTVMHJ[P]LZVJPHSTLKPHL_PZ[ZPUZWP[LVM[LJOUVSVNPJHSKL]LSVWTLU[
NEED FOR PRESERVATION
5L^NLULYH[PVUPZTPNYH[PUN[V0ZYHLS
5VVULMVYJPUN[OLT
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UL_[`LHYZ
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5LLKMVYZVJPHSTLKPH
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HUKPZSP]PUNPU0UKPHI\[PUJVTPUN`LHYZ
P[^PSSJVTWSL[LS`]HUPZOMYVTOLYL¹
WISH WE HAD
0^PZOV\YUL^LYNLULYH[PVU^V\SKWYLZLY]LV\YJ\S[\YHSPKLU[P[`
0^PZO[OL`V\UNWLVWSLMVSSV^LKV\YHNLVSKYP[\HSZHUKJ\Z[VTZ
0^PZOHSS)LUL0ZYLHSPZ^V\SKTHPU[HPUHZ[YVUNYLSH[PVUZOPWHUKIVUKPUN
0^PZO[OLYL^V\SKILH1L^PZO*LU[YL^OPJO^PSSOLSWWYLZLY]LHUKJYLH[L
H^HYLULZZHIV\[V\YHNLVSKJVTT\UP[`
0^PZOHSS)LUL0ZYHLSPZ[VVRHUPU[LYLZ[PU[OL)LUL0ZYHLSPHJ[P]P[PLZ
0^PZO[OLUL^LYNLULYH[PVU[VVRPUP[PH[P]LZ[VVWLUZVTLJLU[YLZVYNYV\WZ
[VSPURHSS)LUL0ZYHLSPZ[VNL[OLY
0^PZO[OLYL^HZHZVJPHSNYV\W^OPJOJHU[VVRYLZWVUZPIPSP[`VMHSSV\Y
ZVJPHSNL[[VNL[OLYZTLL[PUNZL[J
DIRECTIONS
/V^[VHJOPL]L[OLHPT&
0UKPYLJ[S`OLSW)LUL0ZYHLSPZI`JYLH[PUNH^HYLULZZHIV\[[OLT
;VLUNHNLPUHJ[P]LWYLZLY]H[PVUTL[OVKZ[VWYV[LJ[[OLPYK`PUNPKLU[P[`
,ZZLU[PHSULLKVMWYVWLYJVTT\UPJH[PVU
;VKPZJ\ZZ[OLJ\YYLU[UL^ZPZZ\LZL[JYLSH[LK[V[OLPYV^UJVTT\UP[`
5LLKVMZVJPHSWSH[MVYT[VZOHYL[VJVUULJ[[VPU[LYHJ[
+LZPNUKPYLJ[PVUZLTLYNPUNMYVT[OLZ[\K`ZVMHY!
(^HYLULZZHUK
*VTT\UPJH[PVU
INITIAL IDEAS
‹ >LLRS`W\ISPJH[PVUPU0ZYHLS0UKPH
‹ ,K\JH[PVUHSWYVNYHTMVY`V\UNWLVWSL
‹ *YV^KZV\YJLK4HNHaPUL
‹ 1L^PZO*\S[\YHS;V\Y
‹ =PZ\HS+VJ\TLU[H[PVUIVVR
‹ ;YH]LSPUN,_OPIP[PVU
‹ *VTT\UP[`:VJPHS4LKPH5L[^VYR
‹ 6USPUL9LZV\YJL)HUR
‹ 0U[LYHJ[P]L4VIPSL)HZLK(WWSPJH[PVU
‹ ,_WLYPLUJL)LUL0ZYHLS
‹ 0U[LYHJ[P]L9LPU[LYWYL[H[PVUVM*\S[\YHS(Y[PMHJ[Z
‹ 0U[LYHJ[P]L2PVZRMVYZ`UHNVN\L
CONCEPT 1
TRAVELING EXHIBITION
*VU[L_[:JVWL
,_OPIP[PVUZOH]LSVUNILLUH[[OLMVYLMYVU[VMKPZWLYZPUN
OPZ[VYPJHSHUKJ\YYLU[PUMVYTH[PVUHTVUNZ[JVTT\UP[PLZ
6WLU[OLRUV^SLKNL[VHT\JOSHYNLYH\KPLUJLHJYVZZSVJH[PVUZ
)HZPJMVYTVMJVTT\UP[`ZVJPHSTLKPH
0TTLUZLWV[LU[PHSHZ[OLJVTTVUTHUPZOHYKS`L]LUH^HYLVM
[OLL_PZ[LUJLVMZ\JOH1L^PZOJVTT\UP[`PU0UKPH
/LSWMVZ[LYNYLH[LYHJJLW[HUJLHUKYLZWLJ[MVY[OLJVTT\UP[`
,UNHNLWLVWSL[VWHY[PJPWH[LPUHJ[P]LJVTT\UP[`WYLZLY]H[PVUTL[OVKZ
/LSWNH[OLYTVUL[HY`Z\WWVY[[VJVUZLY]L[OLSHUKTHYRZVM1L^PZO
J\S[\YLPU0UKPH
CONCEPT 1
TRAVELING EXHIBITION
7VZZPISL,_LJ\[PVU!
<ZLVMWYPU[TLKPHHUKZJYLLUTLKPHWVZ[LYZWYVQLJ[PVU
[V\JOZJYLLUZP[PZWVZZPISL[VKLZPNUHUPU[LYHJ[P]LL_WLYPLUJL
<ZLVMKPNP[HSTLKPHHSSV^ZWVZZPIPSP[PLZVMPTTLYZP]LL_WLYPLUJL
Touchscreen
& Projection
Old Typical
Exhibition
Compact
Box for
travelling
Large
Screens
Cultural
Artifacts
CONCEPT 2
COMMUNITY SOCIAL NETWORK
THROUGH SYNAGOGUES
*VU[L_[:JVWL
([ÄYZ[)LUL0ZYHLSJVTT\UP[`^HZLU[PYLS`IHZLKPU0UKPH
4VZ[VM[OLTOH]LTPNYH[LK[V0ZYHLS
6WLU[VUL^[LJOUVSVN`[OL`HYL\ZPUNP[
,_WYLZZ[OLULLK[VRLLWPU[V\JO^P[O[OLPYSV]LKVULZ^OVTPNO[
OH]LTPNYH[LK[V0ZYHLSHUK]PJL]LYZH
*VUZPKLY0UKPHHZH4V[OLYSHUKHUK0ZYHLSHZ-H[OLYSHUK
*VUULJ[PUN[OLPYTV[OLYSHUKHUKMH[OLYSHUK
;OL`^HU[[VJVUULJ[^P[OV[OLY0UKPHUUVU1L^PZOWLVWSL
CONCEPT 2
COMMUNITY SOCIAL NETWORK
THROUGH SYNAGOGUES
7VZZPISL,_LJ\[PVU!
<ZLVM<ZPUNHUPU[LYHJ[P]L[V\JOZJYLLURPVZRPU:`UHNVN\LZ
*VTWPSL\WKH[LZHIV\[[OLV]LYHSSOHWWLUPUNZHUKUL^ZPU[OL)LUL0ZYHLSJVTT\UP[`
)YPUNIHJR[OLH[[LU[PVUVM[OLUL^NLULYH[PVUVM)LUL0ZYHLS[V]PZP[Z`UHNVN\LZ
-PUKPUNWYVZWLJ[P]LIYPKLZHUKNYVVTZ^P[OPU[OLJVTT\UP[`
Inside Synagogue
Informative
Touchscreen
Kiosk
Touchscreen
Kiosk 3D
star of David
CONCEPT 3
MULTI-PLATFORM E-MAGAZINE
*VU[L_[:JVWL
+PZZVJPH[PVUVMPUKP]PK\HSTLTILYZHJYVZZNLVNYHWO`
4VZ[VM[OLTOH]LTPNYH[LK[V0ZYHLS
-HTPSPLZPU0UKPHHYLHSZVKPZWLYZPUNHZ[OL`V\UNLYTLTILYZNV[VUL^LYWSHJLZ
5VSVUNLYHISL[VJVUULJ[^P[O[OLPYJVTT\UP[`PU[YHKP[PVUHSTLHUZ
:LUZLVMILSVUNPUNULZZNYHK\HSS`]HUPZOLZ
0UWHZ[[OLYLOH]LILLUTHNHaPULZMVYJVTT\UP[`
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BENE ISRAEL OF INDIA
Bene Israel Of India
Throughout their presence in India, the
Bene Israelis smoothly adopted local culture
and lifestyle of Maharashtra. They have been
largely influenced by their Marathi and Muslim
neighbours. Wherever they went, they adopted
the local culture, dressing style and language
of the region, Marathi, for all secular and
social purposes. In olden times, the Bene
Israeli women wore nine yard sarees, just like
the Marathi women, so that in time it became
difficult to distinguish between them and the
Hindus. Since many years now, the locals and
the Bene Israelis have been living together
peacefully and happily.
Bene Israelis adopted the occupation of oil
pressing in Konkan and became known as
“Shanwar Telis”, or “Shabbat-observing oilmen”, because they did not work on the Sabbath. Many became skilled carpenters. Within
village society, the Bene Israel were clearly differentiated from others because of their adherence to Judaism.
Jews in the Indian subcontinent have
religious freedom and they build synagogues in India. The building of the
synagogue is a matter of pride for the
entire community and a turning point
as it marks the beginning of an organized religious and communal life.
VISUAL STUDY
Bene Israel Of India
Bene
BeneIsrael
Israel
“Children of Israel”
¸*OPSKYLUVM0ZYHLS¹
Indian Jewish Community
0UKPHU1L^PZO*VTT\UP[`
“Israel is the very embodiment of Jewish
continuity: It is the only nation on earth that
inhabits the same land, bears the same name,
speaks the same language, and worships the
same God that it did 3,000 years ago. You dig
the soil and you find pottery from Davidic
times, coins from Bar Kokhba, and 2,000 year
old scrolls written in a script remarkably like
the one that today advertises ice cream at the
corner candy store.”
Charles Krauthammer
The Weekly Standard, May 11, 1998
BeneIsrael
Israeli
Bene
OfFestivals
India
Some of the most important Jewish festivals
for the Bene Israel are Rosh Hashanah, Yom
Kippur, Simchat Torah and Passover. On Rosh
Hashanah, the entire community appears in
its finery in the synagogue, and between Rosh
Hashanah and Yom Kippur it is customary to
visit friends and family.
Hanukkah is known as the festival of lights!
It is a nine-day Jewish holiday which pays tribute to the dedication of the Holy Temple in
Jerusalem. Hanukkah is celebrated by a
series of rituals that are performed every day
throughout the eight-day holiday.
Holy Scripture “Torah”
The Torah is the primary holy scripture of
Judaism. The Torah is the Jewish name for the
first five books of the Jewish Bible of the Bene
Israelis. According to Jewish traditions, the
Torah was dictated to Moses by God.
As a part of the morning or afternoon prayer
services on certain days of the week or holidays,
a section of the Pentateuch is read from a Torah
scroll. So that the entire Pentateuch is read
consecutively each year. On Jewish holidays,
the beginnings of each month, and fast days,
special sections connected to the day are read.
The Indian Jews are an ancient community,
mainly categorized into three: Cochin Jews,
the Bene Israelis and Baghdadi Jews. All
these communities have made a remarkable
contribution to the economic, cultural and
social development of the country and they
are equally proud of our Indian heritage,
traditions and culture.
The largest of India’s Jewish communities
is the Bene Israel community which literally
means “Children of Israel”. Although they
are Jews by religion, their habits and traditions
have amalgamated with the prevalent local
culture with the passage of time. This is the
major jewish community in India, but till
recently, it used to be completely isolated
from most of the other Jewish communities
of the world.
Bene Israeli Cuisine
They are very particular about their food.
They follow strict rules and regulations as per
Judaism with respect to the food they eat. For
instance, they only consume fish with scales.
They never have meat and milk products at the
same time. Owing to strong cultural influences,
they never consume beef just like the Hindus.
They eat Kosher food. They have a special shop
for “meat” which specially sells Kosher food.
The Bene Israelis only use utensils purified in
a large container of boiling water.
The Torah scroll is made up of plain or decorated wood or embossed silver. The Torah is
read standing up without being removed from
holy case. The silver stick is used for reading
as a pointer. Each synagogue has several Torah
scrolls, each one handwritten by jewish scribes.
Artefacts
Jewish culture has various artifacts based on
their tradition and culture. All these artifacts
have a some meaning and thought behind
them. A certain artifact with 12 studs shows
the twelve tribes from Israel. It is an auspicious
cultural artifact of the jewish people. Star David
is one of the main symbols of judaism. There
are some artifacts which mainly contain the 10
commandments of God. All of these different
artifacts are based on Jewish traditions, culture
and religion and are a symbol of their culture.
Fish also hold a place of importance in their
culture.
Law of Return
The Law of Return 5710-1950 was enacted
by the Knesset, Israel’s Parliament, on July 5,
1950. The Law of Return declares the right
of Jews to come to Israel, claimed to be their
ancestral homeland, and to facilitate their
immigration. The Law stated: “Every Jew has
the right to come to this country as an oleh.”
Follow-up legislation on immigration matters
was contained in the Nationality Law of 1952.
The Law of Return was modified in 1970 to
include non-Jews with a Jewish grandparent,
and their spouses.
Attire and Jewellery
The Bene Israli adopted local culture of Konkan
and thus they have maximum influence of lifestyle of Marathi people. There are two intense
Indian influences on the Bene Israel community
- the mangalsutra and the mehndi ceremony.
Bene Israelis adopted the tradition of the mangalsutra, but did not accept the bindi and the
filling of sindoor. The wedding ring is the only
essential jewellery and has a ritual importance.
For the mehndi, the bride wears a green sari
and green bangles which symbolize fertility.
White is worn for the wedding as it signifies
purity and virginity and for the barat, she wears
a red & golden coloured brocade sari which is a
symbol of her marital status.
In the western region, most Bene Israeli women
and men have adopted a modern style of clothing. There is no particular dress code; but in a
synagogue, a Bene israeli woman can be identified by a folded handkerchief pinned on her
head or a fancy embroidered cap.
Hebrew
Throughout
their presence
India, the
Bene
Israel
OfinIndia
Bene Israelis smoothly adopted local culture
and lifestyle of Maharashtra. They have been
largely influenced by their Marathi and Muslim
neighbours. Wherever they went, they adopted
the local culture, dressing style and language
of the region, Marathi, for all secular and
social purposes. In olden times, the Bene
Israeli women wore nine yard sarees, just like
the Marathi women, so that in time it became
difficult to distinguish between them and the
Hindus. Since many years now, the locals and
the Bene Israelis have been living together
peacefully and happily.
Bene Israelis adopted the occupation of oil
pressing in Konkan and became known as
“Shanwar Telis”, or “Shabbat-observing oilmen”, because they did not work on the Sabbath. Many became skilled carpenters. Within
village society, the Bene Israel were clearly
differentiated from others because of their
adherence to Judaism.
The Mezuza
One of the most distinctive artifacts of
the Bene Israelis is the Mezuza which is a
selection of scriptures from the Torah, written
on parchment and encased in a decorative box.
This is affixed to the doorpost of every Bene
Israel home as also any other Jewish
community from the world over.
The mezuza is generally made of brass, marble,
wood and silver and also it often has the Star
of David attached at either end. Every Bene
Israeli home is decorated with a Mezuza on the
main doorpost and a Hanukkah candelabrum
or Shabbath lamp suspended on its inner walls,
signifying the Bene Israli’s sense of religious
identity as indian Jews. These two are the
distinct features which are different from
their neighbouring communities
Israel is a small and semi-arid country on the
southeastern coastline of the Mediterranean
Sea. Israel is bordered by Lebanon in the north,
Syria to the northeast, Jordan to the east, Egypt
to the southwest and the Mediterranean Sea
to the west. Thus surrounded by several Arabic
countries, the Jewish people have been heavily
influenced by the Islamic and Arabic cultures.
Although small in size, Israel encompasses the
varied topographical features of an entire continent. A wide spectrum of lifestyles characterizes
the country, ranging from religious to secular,
from modern to traditional, from urban to rural,
from communal to individual.
Synagogue
Througout the expanse of India, synagogues
are located in few, well-defined locations.
The Konkan coastal region is home to elven
synagogues belonging to the Bene Israel community. Other synagogues of are situated in
Mumbai, Thane, Pune, Ahmedabad. There are
Baghadadi synagogues as well in Mumbai and
Calcutta and Delhi.
All synagogues vary considerably in size, extent, and quality of detail, materials, and design
language. In metro cities, synagogues are large
while in small villages they are comparatively
compact in size, but all over they have maintained their design language.
Life in Israel
Life in Israel
Even after migrating to holy land Israel, the
Bene Israelis have successfully maintained
their distinct identity. There are 3-4 cities in
Israel which are known as purely Marathi Bene
Israeli places. All Bene Israelis from Israel follow Indian as well as Jewish rituals. They follow
the same lifestyle and dressing style which they
followed in India. They also worship at the Bene
Israeli synagogue according to the rituals they
followed in India.
In spite of settling in Israel, they have preserved the Maharashtrian culture in all ways
possible. They prefer Marathi as a language of
communication amongst themselves. They are
completely Indianised in their lifestyle. They
listen to Indian music and watch Indian films
whenever possible. There used to be a publication called “Maayboli”, exclusively published in
Marathi to share literature, thoughts, poems,
books of the Bene Israeli community.. They are
socially and culturally attached to each other.
After establishment of the State of Israel in 1948,
the Bene Israelis from India began to emigrate to
their holy land, Israel. The Bene Israel community’s
integration into the Israeli society was not easy.
In 1951, a small number of Bene Israelis claimed
discrimination and demanded repatriation; after a
series of strikes, they were returned to India. After
1964, when the religious status of the Bene Israelis
was finally settled in Israel, emigration increased.
Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru played a notable role in
giving them freedom in India and for their acceptance in Israel.
Surnames
The Bene Israelis derive their surnames from
the villages where their ancestors had settled. The surnames generally comprise of the
name of the village and suffixes such as “kar”
signifying ‘belonging to’ or ‘from’. Thus, those
settled in Pen called themselves Penkar, those
in Kihim, Kihimkar, and so on. Pingle is the
only surname amongst the Bene Israelis which
is does not have the suffix “kar”. In fact, many
of the surnames are also used in Hindus and
Muslims from the Kulaba district.
Today there are 142 such surnames. In the past,
the first names of Bene Israelis usually used to
be typical Indian names like Bapuji, Rowji,
Abaji for men and Sonabai, Sakubai, Aka for
women. But, nowadays, they prefer Hebrew
Biblical names. Some of the more common
surnames are Penkar, Ashtamkar, Divekar,
Talkar, Navgavkar.
Bene Israel Of India
Disappearance of this community will be a
great loss to India, because the Bene Israelis
have played a significant role in the development of India. By their very existence in sizeable numbers along the west coast, they have
constituted a Jewish presence in India which
in its small way has enriched India’s multifaceted culture. More importantly, they have
provided a living evidence of the fact that in
atleast one country in the world, the jews can
exist with pride, honour and without any need
for self consciousness or protective withdrawal
into self created ghettos.
The Jews of India cannot claim to have any
extraordinary achievements to their credit, but
they did maintain their identity over centuries
in the midst of an alien civilization and in their
small way, they have prospered.
Hebrew is the original language of the Bene
israelis as well as the Jewish people all over
world. This is the key language which helps the
Jewish communities from all over the world
bond. As the Bene Israelis are living india, they
have adopted Marathi as a primary language.
They use Hebrew mainly for all religious prayers
and processions. Like Urdu, Hebrew is also read
from right to left.
Bene israelis use the Hebrew calendar which is
the Luni Solar calendar. The Luni Solar calendar
is a combination of lunar and solar calendars.
As per the Hebrew calendar, the day starts
at sunset. It determines the dates for Jewish
holidays and the appropriate public reading of
Torah portions, and daily Psalm reading, and
many other ceremonial uses. For civil purposes,
they use both the Gregorian and the Hebrew
calendar. Bene Israelis in India also use a Marathi version of Hebrew Calendar.
Life in Israel
As Israel is the holy land for Jew, new
generations of Bene Israelis are in the process
of migrating to Israel. After the completion of
basic education, everyone is interested in shifting to their holy land. They are more attracted
towards their Fatherland, Israel. Even the
government there is providing facilities like
pension, child support for them, thus they are
getting more benefits in Israel than in their
motherland (India). The migration ratio is
increasing rapidly. As a result, only about 4000
Bene Israelis are left in India as of today. Every
month, at least one member of a family is
migrates to Israel.
Hebrew
Hebrew is the original language of the Bene
israelis as well as the Jewish people all over
world. This is the key language which helps the
Jewish communities from all over the world
bond. As the Bene Israelis are living india, they
have adopted Marathi as a primary language.
They use Hebrew mainly for all religious prayers
and processions. Like Urdu, Hebrew is also read
from right to left.
Bene israelis use the Hebrew calendar which is
the Luni Solar calendar. The Luni Solar calendar
is a combination of lunar and solar calendars.
As per the Hebrew calendar, the day starts
at sunset. It determines the dates for Jewish
holidays and the appropriate public reading of
Torah portions, and daily Psalm reading, and
many other ceremonial uses. For civil purposes,
they use both the Gregorian and the Hebrew
calendar. Bene Israelis in India also use a Marathi version of Hebrew Calendar.
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