presentation - Plastice project

State-of-art of the
Sustainable Plastics in Romania
Raluca Nicoleta Darie1, Doina Constantinescu2,
Lidia Avadanei2, Cornelia Vasile1
1 “Petru
Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry,
41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487, Iasi, Romania (ICMPP
[email protected]
2 S.C.
ICEFS COM S.R.L., Uzinei 1, 617410, Savinesti, Romania
OUTLINE
• Introduction
• ICMPP – National focal point on sustainable plastics
• Recent achievements regarding sustainable plastics in
Romania
• Features of the national waste management system
• National and regional legislation on plastics
• Economic and fiscal instruments
• Informative instruments
• Companies
• Research – Projects
• Conclusions
Introduction
• Plastics are versatile materials, crucial in the move towards
sustainable development;
• Plastics are used in many significant environmental product
innovations. These products deliver huge energy savings in
applications like packaging, transport, insulation, etc. Waste plastics
offer also significant resource savings through efficient recycling
and energy recovery;
• With only 700 g of waste generate per person per day, despite the
low recycling rates, one can say that Romania is more sustainable
than many northern countries that could recycle more in percentage
but generate more than twice as much waste per person*;
• Beside manufacturing and using biodegradable plastics in daily life,
the challenge for Central and Eastern Europe is about increasing
reuse, composting and recycling as much as it is keeping (or
reducing) the low levels of waste generation.
* http://www.zerowasteeurope.eu/2012/10/launch-of-zero-waste-romania-cluj-napoca/
ICMPP – National focal point on sustainable plastics
http://www.icmpp.ro/sustainableplastics/
Recent achievements
plastics in Romania
regarding
sustainable
Growing demand for more sustainable solutions is reflected in improving recyclability of plastics as well as
growing production capacities of bio-based plastics.
The European plastics converting industry comprises more than 40 000 plastics companies in Europe of which
3 800 in France, 5 795 in UK, 1048 in Poland and 600 in Romania 1.
Plastics – the Facts 2012. An
analysis of European plastics
production, demand and waste
data for 2011, PlasticsEurope accessed september 2013
Whilst recycling performance is similar across most of the European countries, there are big differences in
the utilization of energy recovery processes.
1
http://www.plasticsconverters.eu/uploads/webpresentation%20Communication.pdf
•
Transposition of Waste Framework Directive (WFD)
into national legislation (through L 211/2011 on
waste);
•
Regional implementation of separate waste
collection (pilot projects and regional
implementation mainly in urban areas);
•
A centralized database exists in the premises of
the national EPA (Regional Environmental Protection
Agencies) for all waste streams ** [Enviroplan
2012];
•
Environmental awareness and readiness to
participate in separate collection of public is still at
low level, but it is increasing through general
environmental campaigns and educational activities,
or targeted initiatives such as in the case of
packaging www.sort.ro or for WEEE
www.deseurielectrice.ro.
•
Introduction in Directive 98/2008 of producer’s
extended responsibility – sustains design and
production of goods by efficiently usage of
resources during the whole life cycle, including their
repair, reusing, disassembly and recycling
http://www.mentineromaniacurata.ro/autoritati/principii-europene.html
** 070307/2011/606502/SER/C2. 1. European Commission. Country Factsheet for Romania.
[Enviroplan 2012] JASPERS. 2012. Technical Assistance to Beneficiary Countries- Romania LOT 2: Solid Waste (2014 – 2020) – Identification of future waste
management projects (2014 – 2020), Baseline Report
Composition of separately collected municipal waste in Romania in 2010
Alexandra Maria Almasi,
Municipal waste
management in Romania,
2012 report to European
Environment Agency
Romania is one of the countries which fulfill the criteria stated in Article 11(3) of the EU Waste Framework Directive to
receive a derogation period for the fulfillment of the 2020 target of 50% recycling of MSW. Romania will not fulfill this
target if progress continues at the current rate, therefore an exceptional yearly increase in the recycling rate is needed.
Features of the Romanian waste management
system
Recycling of MSW in Romania
and important policy initiatives
Alexandra Maria Almasi, Municipal waste
management in Romania, 2012 report to
European Environment Agency
•
Romania relies on agencies at three levels to manage waste:
–
the Ministry of Environment and Climatic Changes and Ministry of Administration and Interior;
–
the County Councils;
–
municipalities, which must ensure that all non-complying landfills and illegal dumps are closed, existing municipal
landfills rehabilitated or extended, and new landfills constructed where needed. Moreover, according to L 211/2011,
local authorities are obliged to ensure separate collection of at least paper, metal, plastic and glass and to achieve, by
2020, the 50% preparation for reuse and recycling target.
•
Eight Regional Environmental Protection Agencies (regional EPAs) had prepared Regional WMPs; County Councils had
prepared county-level WMPs.
•
Regional Associations comprise municipalities within the same county and the County Councils are responsible for managing
final disposal facilities and transfer stations. This function is delegated to the County Council, including contracting for
investments and operation. In small towns and rural areas, where solid waste management infrastructure is difficult to
sustain, the County Council may also carry out procurement and other administrative functions. Larger landfills near bigger
urban areas accommodate waste produced in the entire county; and transfer stations near large urban centers collect waste
generated in surrounding regions.
Biodegradable
waste
Only based on
polyvinyl alcohol
(PVOH)
Packaging
Waste paper
Used tires
Waste collection and
disposal tax. Waste
can be sold at
specific prices to the
recycling facilities
Waste collection and
disposal tax. Waste
can be sold at
specific prices to the
recycling facilities
Waste collection and
disposal tax. Waste
can be sold at
specific prices to the
recycling facilities
Source: Ministry of Industry and Resources
Economic and fiscal instruments
•
Landfill tax: No landfill tax currently exists, but it is expected to be introduced in 2013
•
Pay as you throw schemes (PAYT): No incentive systems to favor prevention and participation
•
Other taxes: Since 2009, operators placing shopping bags made of non-biodegradable material
•
Deposit refund systems: No mandatory deposit refund system is in place, however voluntary
•
Packaging waste:
However, within the Environmental Fund Law since 2010, a target was introduced to reduce with
15% the amount of municipal waste collected that is delivered to landfill. In case of failure the
public local authorities have to pay 100 lei/tonne on the difference between the target
established and the target actually achieved through the selective collection and recovery;
to separate collection (PAYT schemes) are in place;
on the national market have to pay a tax (currently the tax amounts to RON 0,2);
deposits are used for certain packaging for some products (i.e. reusable bottles in the beer
industry or PET bottles). Also, in some places, paper or metal waste collection is refunded;
Producers placing packaged products and/or packaging on the national market are obliged to
achieve the minimum set R&R targets or join one of the seven authorized Recovery Organizations
for PW (ECO-ROM AMBALAJE, INTERSEMAT, ECOLOGIC 3R, SOTA GRUP 21, ECO-X, ECO
PACK MANAGEMENT, RESPO WASTE), that take over on a contractual basis and in exchange for
unitary prices used for each type of packaging materials, the responsibility to organize the
recovery and recycling activities as well as to report to competent authorities on the achievement
of those legal objectives; www.anpm.ro
Economic operators who produce and/or market products packaged in reusable packaging have to
apply a deposit system to ensure the reuse of the packaging.
ECO - ROM AMBALAJE (ERA) is the representative of the "Green Dot" system and one of the
main national Recovery Organizations. ERA is financed by the contribution of licensees. A fee is
paid based on the quantity and type of packaging material placed on the market.
070307/2011/606502/SER/C2. 1. European Commission. Country Factsheet for Romania .
Informative instruments
•
Labelling: In Romania the National Commission for Granting the Ecolabel has been founded for the
implementation of the eco-labelling scheme, http://www.eticheta-ecologica.ro/despre.php
•
Eco shopping guide/information: The “Promoting Green Products” project (LIFE+08/INF/RO/000507),
financed by the European Commission through the LIFE+ program, has as its main objective the
development of a campaign aiming at awareness raising in order to promote the production and
consumption of green products, according to the EU eco-labeling charts or to other similar instruments
and
initiatives
(e.g.,
EMAS,
Energy
Star,
Carbon
Neutral,
etc.)
http://www.greenpro.ub.ro/index.php/en.html
•
Information campaigns addressing certain target groups (e.g. households, the public, businesses,
schools, tourists, industry etc.)
•
Let’s Do It Romania, organized first time in 2011 in the form of a national cleaning day to motivate and
mobilize a general public to participate in the cleaning up activities for collection of litter (yearly)
(www.letsdoitromania.ro) Specific waste stream targeted actions to raise public awareness, such as in the
case of packaging
•
The LIFE+ BALKWASTE project: “Waste Network for sustainable solid waste management planning and
promotion of integrated decision tools in the Balkan Region” was implemented in Romania, Bulgaria,
Slovenia, Greece, aiming to promote sustainable waste management planning in the Balkan region;
•
Eco-Romania organizes general education projects for school children and also works and meeting on the
packaging and packaging waste (www.ecoromania.org)
•
•
•
•
Several voluntary projects and programs for waste collection (areas sanitation):
- EcoRomAmbalaje – “Ai colectat, ai cîștigat! ” [http://www.ecoromambalaje.ro/stire.php?id=52]
- “Eco-Schools” [http://www.ccdg.ro/programe/eco-scoala/programul-eco-scoala.html]
- Romprest (sanitation operator) – “Lumea ta? Curată! ” [http://www.romprest.ro/stiri/bdquo-lumea-tacurata-rdquo-la-finalul-celei-de-a-treia-editii-14]
- Other campaigns: http://www.romprest.ro/campanii/
•
Romanian Associations
•
www.aspaplast.ro
Romanian Plastics Processor Employers’ Association
– up-date materials, raw materials and technologies in plastics processing;
packaging waste management politics
•
http://www.aram.org.ro/
Romanian Association for Packaging and Environment
– search for solutions to reduce impact of packaging waste on environment
•
http://www.bio-romania.org/
Bio-Romania Association
- involved in increased use of mulch film
International Network
EPNOE (European Polysaccharide Network of Excellence) - research and education network
connecting 16 academic and research institutions and a large number of companies focusing on
polysaccharide and polysaccharide-related business - expertise and state-of-the-art
technologies in polysaccharide-related disciplines and environmental assessment.
EPNOE's main missions, in the fields of materials, food and pharmacy/medicine, are:
- to organise education in polysaccharide science;
- to perform basic and applied research for the development of new products based on
or containing polysaccharides;
- to offer a networking platform enabling close interaction with industry.
Plastic recycling
Greentech SA is one of the most important plastics recyclers in South-Eastern Europe and also pioneer for
plastic waste recycling in Romania. The company has offices in Romania and neighboring countries: Macedonia,
Serbia, Greece and Germany.
Greenfiber International is the only producer of synthetic polyester fiber and PET band from Romania
and the second largest European producer of polyester synthetic fiber. These products made by Greenfiber
are 100% of recycled PET flakes and satisfy the most demanding requirements.
Andisimo Recycling
Andtomi SRL
ATP Srl
Bandplast
Barzic Import-Export Srl
Bodescu Export Import
CCR Romania
Clarinplast
Const Chen
Danimpex SRL
Dodi Plast Tech Srl
Ecologic Industries
Elron Ltd
End Green
Enviropet S.R.L.
-includes selecting, cleaning, grinding, packing recycled plastic material, …
Era XXI Srl
and so on…
http://www.green-group.ro/en/companies
*http://www.recyclingplasticwaste.net/euro/index-romania.html
Bio-based plastics - worldwide
Bioplastics will receive an increased attention over the
next years. The total worldwide use of bioplastics was
valued at 571 712 metric tons in 2010. This usage is
expected to grow at a 41.4% compound annual growth
rate (CAGR) from 2010 through 2015, to reach 3 230
660 metric tons in 2015.
The global biodegradable polymer market is expected to
have its largest growth over the next years, dominated by
packaging and usage in fibers. The global biodegradable
polymer market was estimated at 932 million pounds in
2011 and is expected to increase at a 22.5% compound
annual growth rate (CAGR) to reach nearly 2.6 billion
pounds in 2016.
http://www.bccresearch.com/market-research/plastics/biodegradable-polymers-market-pls025d.html
http://www.bccresearch.com/market-research/plastics/bioplastics-technologies-markets-pls050a.html
Bio-based plastics – in Romania
•
In the European Union about 8 million hectares are free and could be used for
bioenergy or biomaterials. Most of this land is located in the new member states in
Eastern Europe;
•
The transition from petrochemical-based manufacture to one based on sustainable
bio-feedstock should include the outputs of agriculture and forestry;
•
More important than activating new agricultural areas is to increase productivity on
areas already in use. Modern agricultural processing can increase the productivity up
to ten times compared to traditional farming. Even in the European Union there is still
much scope for productivity increases;
•
In Romania, yields for most crops are less than 50% of the corresponding yields in the
EU-15, despite good quality soils;
•
Due to financial crisis, as well as to political issues, unfortunately only several
companies develop bio-based plastics products in Romania based on imported raw
materials;
•
Some companies are dealers of plastics or products derived from natural renewable
resources or are implementing projects to develop new biodegradable materials.
Companies
(dealers of bio-based plastics or plastic producers)-selection
RESINEX Romania SRL
Str. Căpitan Vijelie Nr. 4, Sector 5, 050672 , Bucureşti [email protected]
- Distribution of Plastics & Elastomers (PLA from NatureWorks)
S.C. ICEFS COM SRL
Str. Uzinei nr.1; C.P.5 - OP Savinesti; 617410 - Savinesti, Judetul Neamt, Romania; Tel.:0040-233-281690; Fax:0040233 281680; Email:[email protected]; Web site: http://www.icefs.ro
- Polyamide for injection and extrusion (RELAMID)
- Polyamidic composites (tubes, bars, plates)
- Polyolefins for injection and extrusion (TEHNOLEN)
Research: technologies for the replacement of conventional materials with environmentally degradable biocomposites
(new bioactive packaging).
S.C. LORACOM S.R.L.
Str. Stefan cel Mare 261, Roman, judetul Neamt
tel. 0233 / 740974 Web: www.loracom.ro Email: [email protected]
- Polyethylene foils, bags, ecological sacks
Research: technologies for the replacement of conventional materials with environmentally degradable biocomposites
(new bioactive packaging).
ADOLINE SERVICES SRL
Str. Drumul Belsugului, Nr. 100B, Sector 6, (zona Pacii, Militari), Bucuresti, Romania
(+40) 0729 288 836, [email protected]
PLA-Translucent Green material for 3D printing
Romania www.capventure.ro
Raw Earth bamboo fibers (80%), natural resins and starch powder
Zuperzozial – Just Sugar (made from PLA)
Companies (dealers of bio-based plastics or plastic producers)-selection
SC Euroink Romania SRL
Bucuresti,Sector 4, Splaiul Unirii, Nr 162, Tel. : 021/ 318 23 97; 021/318 23 98, Fax: 021/ 318 23 96,
[email protected]
- Supplies Cereplast Compostables Resins and Cereplast Sustainables Resins for use in its masterbatch
process for adding colorant to bulk, uncolored resins that is used to manufacture bags, garden
furniture, household items, industrial parts, among other products.
Monotex SRL
Str. Lalelelor Nr. 16, 545400 Sighisoara - Mures – Romania; Tel: +40 265 77 68 85, Fax: +40 265 77 72 66
www.monotex.ro
BIOLENE - PLA monofilament - Initially developed for the medical field, PLA Monofilaments now have a
wider range of applications. The use of PLA Monofilaments in filtration create environmentally friendly
industrial processes
CFN Packaging Ltd
Heath Road, Skegness, Lincolnshire, PE25 3ST UK
-Sells in Romania degradable plastic packaging product BIOTENETM, oxo-degradable polythene for bags
and packaging
Information submitted by ASPAPLAST members (Romanian Plastics Processor Employers’
Association), corroborated with other sources, indicated in 2007 an estimated processing
capacity of PE, PP, PS and PVC of over 250 thousand tonnes/year, with the largest facilities being
for film extrusion, blow moulding, injection, granules and pipes.
– Report on Romanian Plastic Industry (2007)
PROJECTS (waste recycling & bio-based plastics)
EUROPEAN:
AFORE (Forest biorefineries: Added-value from
chemicals and polymers by new integrated separation, fractionation
and upgrading) www.eu-afore.fi (2009-2013)
FP7-NMP-2008-LARGE-2, 19 partners from 10 countries, Romania-ICMPP, coordinator VTT Finland
- Development of novel, industrially adaptable and techno-economically viable bio-based solutions for the separation,
fractionation, and primary upgrading of green chemicals from forest residues, wood chips, and chemical pulping liquors
to be used as starting materials for current and novel value-added applications.
EUREKA Project E! 4952 Biopackaging
(2010-2012)
Actual cost: 0.66 M€; Partners: University of Maribor, Institute “Jozef Stefan, Perutnina Ptuj D.D, Slovenia, “P.Poni”
Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Iasi, ICEFS COM SRL, LORACOM SRL – Romania
-development of non-toxic, biocompatible, biodegradable, antimicrobial and antioxidant formulations, as a main novel
component for different packaging materials.
HydroWEEE Demo Improved waste recycling will benefit environment and boost European industry ('hydro' for
hydrometallurgical, and 'WEEE' for waste from electrical and electronic equipment). (2012-2016)
Participants: Austria (Coordinator), Italy, Romania, Serbia
Project FP7: 308549, Total costs: € 3 758 950 (EU contribution: € 2 671 250)
The objective of HydroWEEE Demo is to build two demonstration plants – one stationary and one mobile – to test the
performance of the techniques devised. The demo plants will also develop processes to recover additional metals from
WEEE, and expand beyond that waste stream to other sectors such as automotive waste.
FORBIOPLAST (Forest Resource Sustainability through Bio-Based-Composite Development)
Participants: Germany, Italy (Coordinator), Belgium, Spain, Greece, Latvia, Romania, Hungary, Norway
FP7 Proj. N° 212239 ; Total costs: € 5 966 874 (EU contribution: € 4 317 515)
Duration: July 2008 - June 2012
- use of wood byproducts as raw materials to make composite foams. The experiments involve different source
material, with some of the applications using olive oil waste water.
- replacements for cardboard or plastic boxes that carry items as varied as cosmetics, detergents, fish, or eggs.
Applications for the farming sector, like biodegradable plant pots, tomato yarn and fertilizers.
NATIONAL:
BIONANOMED: (2012-2015) Antimicrobial bionanocomposites for medical applications
Program PN II – Partnerships; Contract nr. 164/2012 UEFISCDI
http://www.icmpp.ro/intranet/grant_files/bionanomed/Proiect_BIONANOMED.pdf
Partners: INSTITUTUL DE CHIMIE MACROMOLECULARA “PETRU PONI” IASI (Coordinator); INSTITUTUL
NATIONAL DE CERCETAREDEZVOLTARE PENTRU STIINTE BIOLOGICE BUCURESTI (INCDSB); S.C. I.C.P.E.
BISTRITA S.A. (ICPE)
Obtaining of new bionanocomposites based on mixtures of synthetic and natural polymers optimized with silver
nanoparticles with antimicrobial effect;
Establishing of processing technologies in view of obtaining medical devices with special properties, antimicrobial,
biocompatible, biodegradable.
Nanosized micelles and vesicles from amphiphilic block copolymers with polysaccharides as
hydrophilic blocks. A versatile route to new biomaterials (2011-2014)
PN-II-ID-PCE-2011-3-0622, Granted by: Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research, CNCS – UEFISCDI
Contractor: “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, IASI
Budget: 1500000 lei
- Synthesis of amphiphilic block copolymers with chemical structures controlled by synthesis, from polysaccharides
(dextran, pullulan) as hydrophilic blocks and biodegradable polyesters of bile acids (cholic, deoxycholic or litocolic
acids) as hydrophobic blocks - devices for temporal and spatial control of drugs
LignoMat
(2006 – 2008) LIGNIN – SOURCE OF RAW MATERIALS FOR UNCONVENTIONAL FUELS, ENERGY,
CHEMICAL PRODUCTS AND ADVANCED MATERIALS DURING DURABLE DEVELOPMENT CONDITIONS
Contract CEEX 102
Partners:
CO - “P. Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Iasi
P1 - “Gh. Asachi” Technical University Iasi
P2 - “Transilvania” University Brasov
P3 - SC ICIT FIBRESIN SA Iasi
P4 - Research and Design Institute for Electrical Engineering Bucuresti
P5 - SC INCUBUS CONSULTING SA Bucuresti
- Diminution of the environmental pollution by scientific promotion of the rational using and reinstatement in the
natural circuit of the vegetable products (lignin) – renewable product for realization of the “friendly” environmental
materials;
- Partial or total replacement of some riskily traditional products with a material which contain a biopolymer (lignin)
in order to reduce the environmental impact.
BIOPLAST
72152/2008 (2008-2011) – Synthesis and investigation of some new biodegradable polymers based on
polilactic acid with applications in medicine (Sinteza si investigarea unor noi polimeri biodegradabili pe baza de acid
polilactic cu aplicatii in medicina) http://chem.ubbcluj.ro/~majdik/bioplast/.
Universitatea BABES-BOLYAI Cluj-Napoca
Coordonator proiect CO –Universitatea BABEŞ-BOLYAI, Cluj Napoca
Partener P1 –INCDO-INOE 2000, filiala Institutul de Cercetări pentru Instrumentaţie Analitică Cluj-Napoca
Partener P2 –Universitatea POLITEHNICĂ din Timişoara
Partener P3 –Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie “VICTOR BABEŞ” Timişoara
Budget 1.950.000 lei; Co-finanting 0 lei
Originality:
Elaboration of new ways of obtaining racemic and stereoisomer polylactic acid in microwave presence (Patent RO 127829
A2/2011)
Obtaining of some copolymers of polylactic acid with glicolyc acid
Synthesis of some copolymers of lactic acid with methylene-diphenyl-diisocyanate
Elaboration of an original method for determination of molecular weight of polylactic acid by NMR
Obtaining of L-lactic acid by fermentation of residual fractions from milk industry
Study of synthesized polymers biodegradation
Zero Waste pilot projects
http://www.zerowasteeurope.eu/2012/10/launch-of-zero-waste-romania-cluj-napoca/
network of Transition Towns, Permaculture, Green Building as well as with the University of Cluj-Napoca and some pioneer
companies.
to promote Zero Waste in the country and it succeeded in bringing together national and local stakeholders including
activists, waste experts and operators, ecodesign specialists, city planners and architects, public authorities, policymakers with the participation of international observers.
~ 30 new proposals within the topic waiting for national financing
CONCLUSIONS
•
Environmentally responsible choices and the "being green" initiatives are becoming
more than qualities, but attitudes for some consumers and producers. It is a sign of
respect for the future;
•
Growing demand for more sustainable solutions is reflected in improving
recyclability of plastics as well as growing production capacities of bio-based
plastics;
•
So far few policy steps have been taken towards improving recycling and new
initiatives are required in Romania;
•
No published data are available about statistics of the current situation of
sustainable plastics in Romania;
•
One can admit that, due to financial crisis, as well as to political issues,
unfortunately only several companies develop bio-based plastics production in
Romania. Such products are manufactured based on imported raw materials.
•
Some companies are dealers of plastics or products derived from natural renewable
resources or are implementing projects to develop new bio-based or biodegradable
materials;
•
An increased awareness for a green environment is also reflected on the number of
research projects developed or proposed for financing from European or National
funds in view of producing environmentally friendly materials based on renewable
resources.
Thank you! Dziękuję bardzo!
Acknowledgements:
Dr. eng. IRINA-MARIA PETRUC
Head of Office for Waste and Chemicals Management, Agency for Environmental Protection, Iasi, Romania
Financial support from BIONANOMED project 164/2012 UEFISCDI and PLASTiCE project
http://www.eco-innovation.eu/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=95%3Adacia-electra-research-on-electric-vehicles-&catid=71%3Aromania&Itemid=71