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Mr. Heatmiser? Presenter Information Today
The History of the Raleigh Fire Department Presented by Mike Legeros Last updated February 21, 2016 Mr. Heatmiser? Presenter Information Raleigh Fire Museum www.raleighfiremuseum.org • Software company as day job, web project manager • Former Raleigh firefighter • Official historian • Incident photographer • Author • Buff • [email protected] • www.legeros.com Today www.raleighfiremuseum.org www.legeros.com/history Office of the Fire Chief Office of the Fire Marshal Operations Services Training 1 Milestones 1792 City of Raleigh created. How did we get here? 1819 First fire engine and fire company. 1852 Fire department organization created. 1912 Fully-paid fire department created. Going Back in Time 1792 City of Raleigh created One square mile 699 residents by 1803 1900s 1800s 1700s 1792 FIRE How to protect from fire? Prevent fires Extinguish fires 2 1792 1802 Early fire protection measures: • Planners design wide streets, to help prevent fires from spreading block to block. • Many trees are left intact, also for fire protection. • Early regulation prohibits wooden structures added to building fronts that would enable fires to spread across streets. 1802 1802 Nozzle that swivels Handles for pumping Water poured into basin using a chain of buckets (bucket brigade) 1816 1819 A very complete Fire-Engine from Philadelphia, with a Supply Pump, a sufficient length of Hose, Fire-Hooks, Chain, &c • First major fire • June 11, 1816 • Dozens of volunteers • Bucket brigade • 51 buildings destroyed • Controlled by blasting • Fire engine ordered • Water system attempted (1818) • Joseph Gales, President • Beverly Daniel, Vice President • Jacob Lash, Captain • John T. C. Wiatt, Lieutenant • William F. Clark, Lieutenant • Thomas Cobbs, Lieutenant • Thomas Henderson, Lieutenant • John Dunn, Treasurer • John Bell, Secretary 3 1851 1819-1843 1821 Firemen exempt from militia duty. • December 15, 1851 1826 Citizens can be drafted for firefighting. 1831 State Capitol burns. Stone and brick for government buildings. 1838 Building regulations for fire protection. 1843 Second fire engine, second fire company. Before Civil War Victor Company • Over 17 structures • Ordinances adopted • Better water supply • Better fire equipment • First engine house • First Fire Chief • Fire Dept. reorganized After Civil War Let’s interrupt our timeline… 4 1819, 1873 Apparatus Philadelphia-Style Hand Engine (left) Rumsey Hand Engine (right) 1873 1870 Suction hose dropped into well or cistern. Nozzle, connects to hose. Outlet, connects to hose. Gould Steamer and Hose Reel 1870 Lantern Pump 1878, 1881 Boiler Nozzles Coal Tray Intakes/Outlets Champion Chemical Engines 5 1852-1890 1852-1890 Hook and Ladder Trucks Hook and Ladder Trucks 1852-1887 Water Supply Fire Cisterns 1887 1903 Hydrant Map • Made by Matthews. • 120 hydrants, double outlets. • 64 to 80 pounds PSI, 144 to 161 gallons per minute. • Eight hydrants supplying eight streams. • Direct pressure on request. 6 1887 Hand Hose Reels 1890 1890 Old New Hand Engines Steam Engines Wells Cisterns Hose reels Hose wagons Hydrants Hose Wagons 1870 Engine Houses Metropolitan Hall Fayetteville Street Rescue Company Engine House Fayetteville Street 7 1870 1870 City bell in clock tower for fire alarms Fireman’s room upstairs Fire engine rooms in rear Metropolitan Hall Fayetteville Street Rescue Company Engine House Fayetteville Street 1870 1887 Capital Hose Company House West Morgan Street 1887 1896 Water tower base Fireman’s meeting room upstairs Garage for hand hose reel Water company office New HQ Capital Hose Company House West Morgan Street 8 1896 1896 Facade Headquarters West Morgan Street Headquarters West Morgan Street 1897 1897 Victor Company Victor Company Engine House Burns South Salisbury and West Davie Streets 1898 Victor Company Engine House East Hargett Street 1897 Victor Company 9 1870 Fire Alarm System Metropolitan Hall Fayetteville Street 1888 1888 (Stock photo, not Raleigh) Street Boxes Installed Bell moved atop Station 1 tower in 1914 Street Boxes Installed 1888 1888 Original locations of alarm boxes 10 1888 Question: How did people know where the fire boxes were? Back to our timeline… Did they memorize the locations? 1870-1890 1900 • First steam engine. (1870) • First chemical engine. (1878) Demographics • First fire horses. (1879) 1.8 square miles • First fire hydrants, first hose companies. (1887) 13,643 residents Three fire stations • Fire alarm system installed. (1888) 90 members • Last hand-drawn apparatus. (1890) 1905 New American LaFrance Steamer - New Steam Engine Fire Company 11 1910 Demographics 4.0 square miles 19,218 residents Three fire stations 127 members 1912 1912 Fully-Paid Fire Department Fire Chief Sherwood Brockwell First Full-Time Firefighters 1912 Station 1 Station 2 1912 Station 3 12 1913 American LaFrance Chemical/Hose Cars 1914 Station 2 – South Salisbury Street 1920 1914, 1916 Demographics 6.9 square miles 24,418 residents Three fire stations ~30 members 1914 American LaFrance Pumper, 1916 American LaFrance Aerial Ladder 1920s 1920s Station 5 Opened 1926 Park Drive Station 4 Opened 1926 Jefferson Street 1922 American LaFrance Service Truck 1926 American LaFrance Pumper 13 1924 • April 24, 1913 – News & Observer building • March 25, 1914 – Tompkins Hall, A&M College • April 10, 1926 – Insane Asylum Two Platoons Created Day Watch Night Watch 1910-1929 0800 to 1145 1145 to 1530 1530 to 1900 1900 to 2230 2230 to 0130 0130 to 0430 0430 to 0800 • July 3, 1928 – Yarborough Hotel 1930 1930s Demographics 7.6 square miles 37,379 residents Five fire stations 56 members 1932 City Auditorium, Burned 1930 Station 2 at Memorial Auditorium, Opened 1932 New 1936 Pumper 1939 Tractor for 1916 Tiller 1930s • 1935 – Civil service protection gained. • 1938 – Local 548 of IAFF chartered. • 1959 – Ceased operations after state ruling. • 1968 – State ruling overturned in federal court. Station 2 at Memorial Auditorium, Opened 1932 • 1969 – Raleigh Fire Firefighters Local 548 chartered. • 1986 – Local 548 re-chartered as Raleigh Professional Fire Fighters Association. 14 1940 1941 • Station 1 on Morgan Street closed. Demographics 10.88 square miles 46,897 residents Five fire stations ~56 members • Engine 1 moved to Old Station 2 on Salisbury Street. • Aerial ladder and service truck moved to Station 2 at Memorial Auditorium. • Engine 2 moved to Station 1 on Salisbury Street. 1941 1940s Civil Defense World War II Civil Defense Air-Raid Drills Auxiliary Firefighters Materials Restrictions 1940s 1940s Station 6 Opened 1943 2519 Fairview Road Opened 1949 2602 Fairview Road Materials Restrictions 15 1940s 1949 1949 FWD Pumper 1950 Mack Pumper 1919 American LaFrance Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) 1948 Ford Auxiliary Truck 24 Hour Shifts 1949 1930-1949 • March 25, 1935 – Efird’s Department Store • May 18, 1939 – Norfolk Southern Railway Shops • January 7, 1943 – Wake County Group Home • December 29, 1943 – Bellas Hess Clothing Store • February 1, 1948 – Carolina Country Club Fire Prevention Bureau Formed 1930-1949 1950 Demographics 10.88 square miles 65,679 residents Six fire stations 67 members February 1, 1948 – Carolina Country Club 16 1950s 1950s 1951 ► 1953 ► New Station 1 American LaFrance Pumper Raleigh Emergency Rescue Squad American LaFrance Aerial Ladder 1953 ► 1958 ► Raleigh Emergency Rescue Squad Organized 1953 1950s 1950s 1954 ► 1951 ► Station 3 Training Tower Ladies Auxiliary Station 7 1951 ► 1959 ► March 10, 1956 Alarm House - South Dawson Street Built 1942 1960 Demographics 33.67 square miles 93,931 residents Seven fire stations 123 members Line of Duty Death – Lt. Vernon Smith 17 1960s 1960s Station 8 1969 1960 ► 1963 ► New Station 2 New Shop at Station 2 New Station 4 New Station 5 Station 9 1961 ► 1963 1963 ► 1964 1960s American LaFrance Pumper GMC Service Truck American LaFrance Aerial Ladder GMC Tanker Smokehouse 1960s 1963 Foam Truck News & Observer photos News & Observer photos First black firefighters hired in 1963 and 1964: • • • • • • • Larry Gene Williams Welton Jones E. Louis Stephens James L. Giles James Greene Jr. Norwood M. Peacock Richmond Davis Jr. 18 April 20, 1965 1950-1969 • March 3, 1952 – K&W Motor Company • July 28, 1958 – Edenton Street Church • September 5, 1962 – Hayes Barton Church • February 22, 1965 – Pullen Hall at State College • April 1968 – Civil unrest Line of Duty Death – Lt. Paul Mimms 1970 1970s Demographics 44.93 square miles 122,830 residents Station 10 Station 11 Station 12 Station 14 Station 15 Station 16 Nine fire stations 196 members 1971 – 1971 – 1974 – 1974 – 1974 – 1979 1970s Mack Fire Apparatus 1970s Mack Fire Apparatus 19 1970s 1970s • 1972 - City/county emergency communications center. • 1973 - Fire alarm boxes removed. • 1973 - Replaced by telephone boxes. Chevy service truck Mack aerial platform Chevy rescue squad Mack tractor 1970s 1980-2010 • Third platoon (shift) added. (1970) • First two battalions (districts) created. (1971) • EMT training starts. (1976) Now we go faster… • Third battalion (district) created. (1977) • First recruit academy*. (1978) • First female firefighters hired. (1978) * Mike, explain that asterisk! 1980-2010 1980-2010 1980 1990 2000 2010 20 1980-2010 1980-2010 1990s 1980s 2000s 1980-2010 2000s (respectably!) 1980-2010 Mack – Pirsch – EEI – Pierce – Quality – ALF – Pierce 1980-2010 American Lafrance American Lafrance American Lafrance American Lafrance American Lafrance E-One Frontline Frontline Hackney Hackney Mack Mack Mack Medicmaster Medicmaster Pemfab Pemfab Pierce Pierce Pierce Pierce Pierce Pierce Pierce Pierce Pierce Pierce Pierce Pierce Pierce Pierce Pierce Pierce Pierce Pierce Pierce Pierce Pierce Pierce Pierce Pierce Pierce Pierce Pierce Pierce Pierce Pierce Pierce Pierce Pierce Pierce Pierce Pierce Pierce Pierce Pierce Pirsch Quality Quality Quality Quality Quality Quality Quality Quality Quality SVI SVI SVI Seagrave 1980-2010 Seagrave – Pierce – American LaFrance – Spartan – Simon - Quality 21 1980-2010 1980-2010 “Walk Around” Body Ambulance Body Rescue Units – USAR Vehicles Rescue Units – USAR Vehicles 1980-2010 1980-2010 EMT / Rescue / USAR Haz-Mat – Mobile Air 1980s First-responder goes city wide Haz-mat Mini Pumpers 1990s EMT- D program Confined space and trench rescue High-level rescue 2000s Swift water rescue NC USAR Task Force 8 NC helicopter rescue team participation NC regional haz-mat team to Raleigh 1980-2010 1980-2010 1980s 2000s 1980s • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Keeter Training Center Fire investigation team First mobile air unit Explorer post Honor guard Fourth battalion Bike team Full time investigators Thermal imaging cameras Eighth ladder company 1990s 2010s • • • • • • • • First Division Chief First closed-cab apparatus Fire safety house Rapid Intervention Teams (RIT) Keeter Training Center Fire investigation team First mobile air unit Explorer post Honor guard Fifth battalion Squad companies Heavy rescue company Ninth ladder company 22 1980-2010 1980-2010 1980s 1980s 2000s • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Keeter Training Center Fire investigation team First mobile air unit Explorer post Honor guard Keeter Training Center Fire investigation team First mobile air unit Explorer post Honor guard 1990s 1990s • • • • • • • • First Division Chief First closed-cab apparatus Fire safety house Rapid Intervention Teams (RIT) First Division Chief First closed-cab apparatus Fire safety house Rapid Intervention Teams (RIT) 1980-2010 1980s 2000s • • • • • • • • • • Keeter Training Center Fire investigation team First mobile air unit Explorer post Honor guard Fourth battalion Bike team Full time investigators Thermal imaging cameras Eighth ladder company 1990s 2010s • • • • • • • • First Division Chief First closed-cab apparatus Fire safety house Rapid Intervention Teams (RIT) Fifth battalion Squad companies Heavy rescue company Ninth ladder company Fourth battalion Bike team Full time investigators Thermal imaging cameras Eighth ladder company 1970-1989 • June 24, 1970 – Peeble’s Hotel • July 10, 1975 – White Oil Company • February 16 & 17, 1976 – Pine State Creamery • March 16, 1980 – News & Observer Building • July 7, 1981 – Mangel’s Building • November 28, 1988 – North Raleigh Tornado Gary Knight photo 1981 1981 July 7, 1981 – Mangel’s Building • 124 Fayetteville Street Mall • Built 1890-1900 • Two-story, wood-frame • 24,940 square-feet • 100+ firefighters including 21 recruits • 30 with injuries Gary Knight photo Raleigh Times News & Observer 23 1988 1988 North Raleigh Tornado November 28, 1988 • 1:00 a.m. with nearly no warning • Two killed, 102 injured • Hundreds of homes and dozens of commercial structures destroyed • Some 225 firefighters responded • 12 engines, 2 trucks, 2 rescues, and other units • Extensive mutual aid from Wake County fire, rescue, and EMS departments • Plus fire/rescue/EMS units from Alamance, Durham, Granville, Hargett, Johnson counties News & Observer photos Gary Knight photo • North Raleigh Tornado 1992 1993 STOCK PHOTOS NOT RALEIGH! Fire Protection Engineer Position Added EMT defibrillator program started 2003 News & Observer photo 1996 Hurricane Fran North Carolina Urban Search and Rescue (USAR) Task Force 8 Raleigh – Cary – Chapel Hill – Durham 24 2003 North Carolina Urban Search and Rescue (USAR) Task Force 8 Raleigh – Cary – Chapel Hill – Durham 2009 Con Agra Explosion - June 9, 2009 2005 2006 Tower Demolition 2006 and later January 22, 2008 USAR training area Training props Shelters and storage Modular classrooms (not shown) Line of Duty Death – Lt. Herman Jones 25 2009 Ladder 4 11 17 1 22 24 20 26 Ladder 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Rescue 19 7 14 Rescue 1 2 3 2009 Ladder 4 overturns – July 10, 2009 1990-2009 1990-2009 February 22, 2007 – Pine Knoll Townes News & Observer photo • March 18, 1990 – Wake County Courthouse • December 20, 1992 – IGA Grocery • August 7, 2001 – CP&L Substation • October 5, 2006 – Apex Chemical Fire • February 22, 2007 – Pine Knoll Townes • Six alarms • 27 homes destroyed, 11 damaged. • 19 engines 6 ladders • 12 four-unit structures involved • 10 relief companies (8 engines/ 2 ladders) • 29 families, 72 people displaced • $4 million damage • 11 departments covering city from Wake and Durham counties 2010 OFM Fire Prevention Division / Office of Fire Marshal FY70 6 FY80 5 FY90 7 FY00 FY71 6 FY81 5 FY91 8 FY01 13 13 FY72 6 FY82 5 FY92 10 FY02 13 FY73 6 FY83 6 FY93 12 FY03 13 FY74 6 FY84 6 FY94 12 FY04 13 FY75 6 FY85 6 FY95 12 FY05 13 FY76 6 FY86 7 FY96 13 FY06 13 FY77 6 FY87 7 FY97 13 FY07 21 FY78 6 FY88 7 FY98 13 FY08 25 FY79 5 FY89 7 FY99 13 FY09 25 FY10 25 Construction Division Platoon Fire Marshal 26 2010-2011 2011 New tiller New decon trailer New training apparatus Raleigh Fire Museum Opens 2012 2014 Rescue pumpers for Squad companies Raleigh Fire Department celebrates centennial 2014 2014-2015 Rescue pumpers for Squad companies “Coffin compartments” on top! SCBA upgrade – New filling stations, air truck 27 2015 2015 Station 29 Second Tiller Ninth Ladder Recruit Academy 40 Graduates Today Office of Fire Chief Office of Fire Marshal Operations Services Training Today 28 Fire Stations 27 Engine Companies 2 Squad (Rescue Engine) Companies 9 Ladder Companies 1 Rescue Companies 5 Battalion Chiefs 609 Uniformed and Civilian Personnel 28 Photo Credits Nearly all of the images from 1990 to present were taken by: • Lee Wilson See these slides, plus annotations, and corrections at • Mike Legeros (2005 to present) www.legeros.com/slides Other sources for images include: • • • Gary Knight News & Observer North Carolina State Archives Learn more at www.raleighfiremuseum.org Annotations and Corrections – 1 of 4 Annotations and Corrections – 2 of 4 07:12 – “1839, the first fire code.” Incorrect. The first fire code was 1838, as correctly noted on the slide. 15:10 – Hose reels. Those are more catalog photos. 09:40 – “For the next fifty years.” Incorrect. The volunteer fire companies operated for forty (some) more years, until 1912. 21:41 – Back to our timeline. There’s no audio here. 13:00 – Cisterns. These were underground water reservoirs lined with stone. Most were removed from service, and filled with dirt or other materials. One survived into the 1980s, and was uncovered during the construction of the Fayetteville Street Mall. Annotations and Corrections – 3 of 4 46:39 – “Rapid Intervention Teams”. These are firefirefighters on standby at structure fires, for use as rescuers if a crew becomes trapped inside the building. 53:49 – “Martin Luther King Jr. Drive”. Incorrect. Street name is Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard. 24:47 – Q: How many firefighters comprised the new career fire department. A: There were 17 members at the end of 1912. 25:30 – Q: Where can I see that handout: A: See the History Chart at legeros.com/ralwake/raleigh/history Annotations and Corrections – 4 of 4 57:51 – Squad 14 and Squad 15 were placed in service on February 5, 2013. On the same day, the three twoperson rescue companies were deactivated, and a fiveperson heavy rescue company was placed in service as Rescue 1. 56:54 – “Two live fire simulation trailers.” Partially correct. One simulator was delivered, comprised of two transfer truck trailers. 29
