Hist 19 The History of Mexico

Topics
• Review: Mexican-American War 1846-1848
• War of the Reform & the French Intervention
• Primary Source Discussion
1
Battle of Chapultepec Sept.13, 1847
2
• Revolt of Los Polkos
– Mexico City
– Feb.26-Mar 23, 1847
– govt. legislation was
to take $15 million
pesos of church
property
– Santa Anna sends
troops to Mexico City
to crush revolt & later
goes to Mexico City
3
1848 Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
• Peace treaty signed February 2, 1848 in the Guadalupe Hidalgo
– Ended the Mexican-American War.
– Recognizes Rio Grande as the border with Texas
– Mexico ceded 55% of its territory for $15 million and 3.25 million
claims of U.S. citizens.
– 2 Views of Treaty
• Economic subordination
• Treaty of Recovery
4
Caste War in Yucatan 1847
Govt. change to centralist
Increase taxation
Mayas called to end
discrimination
Race war
British support
5
Santa Anna in office 1853-1855
Supported by Conservatives
Jesuits Return
Banishes liberal governors
1853 National Anthem by
Francisco Gonzalez
Bocanegra
Gadsden Purchase or
La Venta de la Mesilla
6
Plan de Ayutla 1854
•
•
•
•
Liberal revolt
The end of the Age of Santa Anna
Benito Juarez
Melchor Ocampo
7
Liberalism
•
1850-1860 political struggle
Supporters
– Mestizos
– Fronterizos
– Middle classes
– Moderados: work with Church
– Puros: anti-clerical
Conservatism
•
Supporters
– criollos
– clergy
– hacendados
– army
– urban, rich, from Mexico City
8
Period of the Reforma (1855-1861)
• Ley Ocampo: prohibits clergy from voting
• Ley Juarez: abolishes fueros
• Ley Lerdo: prohibits the church from owning
property & ejidos
• Ley Iglesias (Church): ban on fees
• 1857 Constitution
– EXAMPLES Family Search.org
•
https://familysearch.org/search/collection/location/1928710?region=Mexico
9
War of the Reforma (1855-1861)
• 1857 Plan de Tacubaya (Conservative plan)
• 1857-1861 War of the Reform (ends in liberal victory
due to conservative disunity)
10
1861 Juarez Administration
• National treasury empty
• 2 year moratorium on Mexico’s foreign debt
• Convention of London
– English, Spanish, French agreement to take over
custom house in Veracruz
11
Louis Napoleon Bonaparte (III)
12
French Intervention 1861-1867
13
May 5 1862, Battle of Puebla
• 4000 troops
• Ignacio Zaragoza
• Porfirio Diaz
• 6000 troops
• Charles Latrille
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5e1pou5fHv8
14
15
French Intervention 1861-1867
• French 30,000
16
2nd Mexican Empire 1864-1867
Emperor Maximilian Von Hapsburg
Marie Charlotte
Archbishop Pelagio Antonio de Labastida
Juan Almonte (Morelos’son)
Plebiscite
Convention of Miramar: increases
Mexico’s debt
17
Emperor Maximilian Von Hapsburg
Marie Charlotte “Carlota”
Liberal political views
1865 Maximilian signs decree of
death for captured Juaristas
18
1867 Execution of Maximilian
cerro de las campanas, Querétaro
• http://www.youtube.co
m/watch?v=8OiMkLecL
Rw&feature=related
19
Adiós Mamá Carlota Intervención Francesa
• Adiós Mamá Carlota - Intervención Francesa Segundo Imperio Mexicano.htm
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TA_fnQAB
8ZY&feature=related
20
Late 19th century Mexican Society
• French influence on Mexican
Culture
– Culinary: pan frances, bolillo
– Language: French language of
the elite, mariachi? Camión
– Mexico City, Calzada de la
Emperatirz, Paseo de la
Reforma, imposing boulevard
21
22
Read the document. Get into a group. Discuss the following
questions.
1.What kind of primary source is the document? What is the title
of the document?
2.Who wrote the document?
3.When was the document written?
4.Are any historical events discussed in the document?
5.What is the author’s background or position in society?
6.How does the author’s background shape his or her view on a
particular subject?
7.Explain the historical context of the primary source.
8.What is the author’s bias? What does the author feel strongly in
favor of or strongly against?
23