Research Projects - ASEM Aquaculture Platform

Advances of the R & D
in Aquaculture in China Mainland
JH XIANG, SL DONG and QY WANG
IOCAS, OUC & YSFRI
Food safety issues
in China!?
Population accounting for 22 in total
population of the world
Population increase up to 1.6 billion by 2030
Land area of individual 0.008km2, 1/4 of average
level of the world.
Plantation area 7 of the world
Fresh water resources 1/4 of the world average
Food requirement: requiring 0.16 billion
increasement by 2030
sea kelp
scallop
In China, the sequential successes
of breeding for Laminaria in 1950’s,
Chinese shrimp in 1970’s and bay
scallop in 1980’s led to the three
largest scale industries of mariFish
shrimp
culture in the world.
Now the Fish culture is scaling up.
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Global aquaculture production
70
China vs Rest of Asia
Production quantity (tonne x 106 )
60
60
50
40
30
Asia
China
40
20
0
1950
Rest of
Asia
1970
1990
Year
20
10
Rest of World
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
Year
1990
2000
Fisheries Production of China in
2004
Aquaculture (32,087.000 t)
65.46%
35
30
25
20
Fishing (16,931,000 t)
34.54%
15
10
5
0
Total production of fisheries: 49 018 000 t
The annual productions of
mariculture in China
Catch
Culture
3000
X10,000 t
2500
2000
13
1500
1000
500
0
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Numbers of auaculture species
ƒ Crustacea
10
ƒ Fish 60
ƒ Molluscs 20
ƒ Sea Weeds 10
ƒ Echinodermata (Sea cucumber,
Sea urchin etc.)
ƒ
Percentages of different organonisms
in aquaculture production
Sea Weeds
11%
others
2%
4%
Crustacea
4%
Crustacea
Mollusc
Sea Weeds
others
Mollusc
79%
Aquatic Production’s Role in China
Pruduction
Year
Products
in SW 37%
Hatchery environment
Nutrition and Diet
Management
Disease control
Parent stock
Technology
and technics
Chain Effect
The Major Diseases Problem and
Resistant Mechanism of the
Mariculture Organisms
Chief Scinetist: Prof.Jianhai XIANG
Budget: 29 million RMB
From 1999 to 2004 founded by MOST
Research Topics
1.Epidemiology of the major pathogens that
causing damage of mariculture organisms
2. Comparative studies on defense systems of
different types of host organisms
3. Genetic basis of resistance of organisms to
disease
4. Influence of aquatic environment to hosts
and/or pathogens
5. Control of disease
The outbreak of disease depends on the interaction
between host, pathogens and aquatic environment
Host
Environment
Disease
Pathogens
Study on Etiology and Immunological
Control of Critical Diseases in
Mariculture Shrimp and Fish
Chief Scinetist: Prof.Jianhai XIANG
Budget: 28 million RMB
From 2006 to 2010 founded by MOST
Workpackages
Key Processes and Sustainable Mechanism
of Ecosystem Food Production
in the Coastal Ocean of China
Chief Scientist Qisheng TANG
Budget: 30 million RMB
From 2005 to 2010 founded by MOST
Research Contents
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
A study on biogeochemical cycles of elements in food web
Key process of biogenic substance exchanges on the main
interfaces of coastal waters
Physical mechanisms of biogenic element supply in the typical
shelf sea ecosystems
Role of microbial loop in food production process in coastal
waters
Trophodynamics of phytoplankton community growth and
primary production processes
Role of zooplankton function groups in food production process
Functional diversity and food production process at high trophic
levels
Anthropogenic impact on food production process and
sustainable yield models in the coastal seas
We held the second meeting of IMMUNAQUA
program which was one of FF5 projects at
IOCAS.
CCACACACTGGGCTCTTCTTCGTTTACAGCCAGGCTTCGTT
T
CCACACACTGGGCTCTTCTTCGTTTACAGCCAGGCTTCGTT
T
CCACGAAGCGGCCTCTACTTCGTCTACAGCCAGGCGTCGT
TC
*** ** * * * * * *** ***** **
GTTTACCTTAGTGCAGTGTTTCAGCTGAATGAAGGGGAC
GTTTACCTTGGTGCAGTGTTCCAGCTGAACGAAGGGGAC
1
ATCTACCTGGGCGCAGTGTTCCAGCTGAACGAAGGGGAC
* *** * * * ** * ****** * * ** **
…
…
…
…
QGGFELVDNHIIIPRGLFVYSQASFRSISHRVWLFTESLGTQVSLMS….
LGBP
PGRP
PGRP
GBP
TRAF6
Cactus
GPx
TEP
Many genes showed different
expression pattern when shrimp were
challenged by bacteria or WSSV. From
the data, we infer that different defense
system was triggered by different
pathogen (bacteria or WSSV). The
interaction of these genes in shrimp
defense course is underway now.
Since 1997 marine biotechnology
has been approved to be a Subject of the
National High Technology Research and
Development Program of China (863 ). In
the first five years (1996-2000) and
successively in the second five years
(2001-2005), under the Subject of Marine
Biotech, the research and development
has been funded by Chinese government
with 97.5million RMB, then more than
200 million RMB respectively.
The objectives are to promote
the development of key technologies
for rational utilization of marine
bioresource, and the environment
protection technologies that related
for social sustainable development.
http://www.863.org.cn
There are mainly seven R & D
areas in the subject of marine
biotechnology:
1. breeding engineering,
2. control of the disease,
3. production system and
culture facilities,
4. marine medicine and
bioproducts
5. functional genes and genomics
6. breeding of the salt-resistant
plants.
Research and Development on the
Techniques of Polyploid Breeding
and Sex Control in Maricultured
Animals
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Argopecten irradians
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Haliotis discus hannai
Combined approach of
traditional selection and
marker-assisted selection
(MAS)
Porphyra
Huanghai -1
Soul
Sea horse
Cobia
Groupe
r
Sea cucumber
Sea urchin
More and more species aquatic
animals have been successful
bred and cultured
● Healthy SPF or SPR Shrimp Seeds
● Immunity Stimulating
● Biosecurity
● Water Quality Control
● Improving Husbandry
Enhancing the resistant ability
by Immuno-stimulator
Hemocynin
Serum protein
Lysogenicity
ACP
PO
SOD
Le n
t
i
n
an
Zymosa n
PG
de
hri
acc
gos
Oli
Hemocyte
counting
New Production System
for Shrimp Culture
• Litopenaeus vanamei in South China
– Higher location, covering the pond bottom by plastic
membrane
– Well aeration and good management
– Over
Over 50%
50% of
of the
the total
total shrimp
shrimp culture areas, 250,000 t/yr
Production of Shrimp Culture
in Mainland of China Tone)
600000
500000
500000
400000
300000
200000
100000
0
1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003
Many
thanks!