Referenties 1. Management of chronic heartfailure in adults in primary and secondary...
Transcription
Referenties 1. Management of chronic heartfailure in adults in primary and secondary...
Referenties 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. Management of chronic heartfailure in adults in primary and secondary care. NICE Clinical Guideline July 2003. www.nice.org.uk Anonymous. Behandeling van chronisch hartfalen. Folia Pharmacotherapeutica 2004;31:46-51. The Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic heart failure: executive summary [update 2005] Eur Heart J 2005:26:1115-1140. Heart Failure. Prodigy guidance. May 2006. www.prodigy.nhs.uk Anonymous. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J 2005;26:1115-1140. Hunt S et al. ACC/AHA 2005 Guideline update for the diagnosis and management of chronic heart failure in the adult. www.acc.org www.americanheart.org. Gillespie N et al. Diagnosis and management of heart failure: implications of the recent European Society of Cardiology Guidelines for the older patient. Age Ageing 2003;32:563-565. Falther M, Yusuf S, K ber L et al. Long-term ACE-inhibitor therapy in patients with heart failure or leftventricular dysfunction: a systematic overview of data from individual patients. Lancet 2000;355:15751581. McKelvie R. Heart failure. BMJ Clin Evid [online] 2006 [cited dec 2006]. Anonymous. Les choix thérapeutiques pour la pratique. La Revue Prescrire 2001;21:292-6. SIGN. Diagnosis and treatment of heart failure due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Publication 35, 1999. Walma EP, Bakx HCA, Besselink RAM et al. NHG Standaard Hartfalen (M51). http://nhg.artsennet.nl/standaarden/M51/start.htm. Anonymous. Les inhibiteurs de l’enzyme de conversion de l’angiotensine [IEC] restent la référence. La Revue Prescrire 2005;25:367-374. ISIS-4 (Fourth international study of infarct survival) Collaborative group. A randomised factorial trial assessing early oral captopril, oral mononitrate, and intravenous magnesium sulphate in 58,050 patients with suspected acute,myocardial infarction. Lancet 1995;345:669-685. The CONSENSUS Trial Study Group. Effects of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure. Resluts of the Cooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril,Survival Study (CONSENSUS). N Engl J Med 1987;316:1429-1435. The SOLVD Investigators. Effect of enalapril on mortality and the develepmont of heart failure in asymptomatic patients with reduced left vetricular ejections fractions. N Engl J Med 1992;327:685-691. GISSI-3. Effects of lisinopril and transdermal glyceryl trinitrate singly and together on 6-week mortality ans ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction. Gruppo Italiano per Io Studio della Sopravvivenza nell’infarto Miocardico. Lancet 1994;343:1115-1122. The Acute Infarction Ramipril Efficacy (AIRE) Study Investigators. Effect of ramipril on mortality and morbidity of survivors of acute myocardial infarction with clinical evidence of heart failure. Lancet 1993:342:821-828. Henney S, Kimmel S. Is improved survival a class effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors? (Editorial) Ann Intern Med 2004;141:157-158. Tu K, Mamdani M, Kopp A, Lee D. Comparison of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in the treatment of congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol 2005;95:283-286. McMurray JJV, Ostergren J, Swedberg K et al, for the Charm Investigators and Committees. Lancet 2003;362:767-71. Yusuf S, Pfeffer MA, Swedberg K et al, for the Charm Investigators and Committees. Lancet 2003;362:777-81. Granger CB, McMurray JJV, Yusuf S et al, for the Charm Investigators and Committees. Lancet 2003;362:772-6. Cohn J et al. A randomized trial of the angiotensin-receptor blocker valsartan in chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 2001;345:1667-1675. Anonymous. Sartans et insufficance cardiaque: les inhibiteurs de l’enzyme de conversion de l’antiogensine (IEC) restent le traitement de référence. La Revue Prescrire 2005;25:367-374. Lee V, Rhew D, Dylan M et al. Meta-analysis: angiotensin-receptor blockers in chronic heart failure and high-risk acute myocardial infarction. Ann Intern Med 2004;141:693-704. Faris R, Flather MD, Purcell H et al. Diuretics for heart failure. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD003838. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003838.pub2. 1 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. Psaty B, Lumley T, Furberg C et al. Health outcomes associated with various antihypertensive therapies used as first-line agents: a network meta-analysis. JAMA 2003;289:2534-2544. Davis B, Piller L, Cutler J et al. Role of diuretics in the prevention of heart failure. The antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment to prevent heart attack trial. Circulation 2006;113:2201-2210. Yan A, Yan R, Liu P. Pharmacotherapy for chronic heart failure: evidence from recent clinical trials. Ann Intern Med 2005;142:132-145. Pitt B, Zannad F, Remme WJ et al, for the Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study Investigators. N Eng J Med 1999;341:709-17. The Digitalis Investigation Group. The effect of digoxin on mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure. N Engl J Med 1997; 336:525-33. Hood WB, Dans AL, Guyatt GH et al. Digitalis for treatment of congestive heart failure in patients in sinus rhythm. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2004, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD002901. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002901.pub2. Anonymous. Digoxine: plutôt une dose faible. La Revue Prescrire 2004;24:376-377. Hampton JR, van Veldhuisen DJ, Kleber FX et al, for the Second Prospective Randomised Study of Ibopamine on Mortality and Efficacy (PRIME II) Investigators. Lancet 1997;349:971-7. Doval H, Nul D, Grancelli H, et al. Randomised trial of low-dose amiodarone in severe congestive heart failure. Lancet 1994;344:493-498. Singh S, Fletcher R, Gross Fisher S, et al. Amiodarone in patients with congestive heart failure and asymptomatic ventricular arrhythmia. N Engl J Med 1995;333:77-82. Bardy G, Lee K, Mark D et al. Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 2005;352:225-237. Gibbs CR. Management: digoxin and other inotropes, β blockers, and antiarrhytmic and antitrombotic treatment. BMJ 2000;320:495-8. Packer M et al. Effect of carvedilol on survival in severe chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 2001;344:1651-1658. Rouleau J, Roecker E, Tendera M et al. Influence of pretreatment systolic blood pressure on the effect of carvedilol in patients with severe chronic heart failure: the Carvedilol prospective Randomzied Cumulative Survival (COPERNICUS) study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43:1423-1429. Anonymous. Toevoegen van β-blokkade bij matig ernstig hartfalen kan de overleving verbeteren. Geneesmiddelenbulletin 1999;33:112-3. The cardiac insufficiency bisoprolol study II (CIBIS-II): a randomised trial. Lancet 1999;353:9-13. MERIT-HF Study Group. Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL randomised intervention trial in congestive heart failure. Lancet 1999;353:2001-2007. Anonymous. Beta-blokkers bij hartfalen. Folia Pharmacotherapeutica 2002;29:46-8. Flather M, Shibata M, Coats A. et al. Randomized trial to determine the effect of nebivolol on mortality and cardiovascular hospital admission in elderly patients with heart failure (SENIORS). Eur Heart J 2005;26:215-225. McMurray J. Making sense of SENIORS. Eur Heart J 2005;26:203-206. Dulin B, Haas S, Abraham W et al. Do elderly systolic heart failure patients benefit from beta blockers to the same extent as the non-elderly: a meta-analysis of >12,000 patients in large-scale clinical trials. Am J Cardiology 2005;95:896-898. Mangoni A, Jackson S. The implications of growing evidence base for drug use in elderly patients. Part 3. β-adrenoceptor blockers in heart failure and thrombolytics in acute myocardial infarction. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2006;61:513-520. Poole-Wilson P, Swedberg K, Cleland J et al. Comparison of carvedilol and metoprolol on clinical outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure in the Carvedilol Or Metoprolol European Trial (COMET): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2003;362:7-13. Anonymous. COMET: Carvedilol vs. Metoprolol bei Herzinsuffizienz. Arznei-Telegramm 2003;34:74-75. Furberg C, Psaty BM. Commentary on “Carvedilol was more effective than metoprolol tartrate for lowering mortality in chronis heart failure”. Evidence Based Med 2004;9:14. Anonymous. Métoprolol dans l’insuffisance cardiaque réduit la mortalité, mais probablement moins que le carvédilol. La Revue Prescrire 2003;23:810-813. Waldo AL, Camm AJ, deRuyter H et al, for the SWORD investigators. Lancet 1996;348:7-12. Cohn J et al. A comparison of enalapril with hydralazine-isosorbide dinitrate in the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 1991;325:303-310. Management of chronic heartfailure in adults in primary and secondary care. NICE Clinical Guideline July 2003. www.nice.org.uk 2 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. Extramatch collaborative. Exercise training meta-analysis of trials in patients with chronic heart failure (ExTraMATCH). BMJ 2004;328:189-192. Rees K, Taylor RS, Singh S et al. Exercise based rehabilitation for heart failure. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2004, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD003331. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003331.pub2. Prodigy. Prodigy guidance - Angina. Oct 2005. www.prodigy.nhs.uk Anonymous. Acetylsalicylzuur bij cardiovasculaire en cerebrovasculaire aandoeningen. Folia Pharmaceutica 2002;27:73-7. Fox et al. European society of cardiology: Guidelines on the management of stable angina pectoris: executive summary. Eur Heart J 2006;27:1341-1381. Rutten FH, Bohnen AM, Schreuder BP, Pupping MDA, Bouma M. NHG-Standaard. Stabiele angor pectoris. Huisarts Wet 2004;47:83-95. http://nhg.artsennet.nl Snow V, Barry P, Fihn S et al. Primary care management of chronic stable angina and asymptomatic suspected or known coronary artery disease: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med 2004;141:562-567. SIGN. Management of stable angina. April 2001. www.sign.ac.uk Anonymous. Angor stable: quel médicament antiangoreux choisir? La Revue Prescrire 2000;20:297-8. Heidenreich PA, McDonald KM, Hastie T et al. Meta-analysis of trials comparing β-blockers, calcium antagonists, and nitrates for stable agina. JAMA 1999;281:1927-36. O’Toole L. Angina (stable). BMJ Clinical Evidence [online] 2006 [cited Dec 2006]. www.clinicalevidence.com Freemantle N, Cleland J, Young P et al. Beta blockade after myocardial infarction: systematic review and meta regression analysis. BMJ 1999;318:1730–1737. Bunch T, Muhlestein J, Bair T et al. Effect of beta-blocker therapy on mortality rates and future myocardial infarction rates in patients with coronary artery disease but no history of myocardial infarction or congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol 2005;95:827-831. Gibbons RJ, Abrams J, Chatterjee K et al. ACC/AHA 2002 Guideline Update for the Management of Patients With Chronic Stable Angina: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Update the 1999 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Chronic Stable Angina). www.acc.org Transparantiefiche. Aanpak van stabiele angor. Update januari 2005. Furberg C, Psaty B, Meyer J. Nifidepine: dose-related increase in mortality in patients with coronary heart disease. Circulation 1995;95:1326-1331. Anonymous. Amlodipine. La Revue Prescrire 1997;175:475-478. Anonymous. Traitement de l’angor stable: pas d’angioplastie systématique. La Revue Prescrire 1999;19:219-20. Bucher HC, Hengstler P, Schindler C et al. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty versus medical treatment for non-acute coronary heart disease: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 2000;321:73-7. Pfisterer M, Buser P, Osswald S et al. Outcome of elderly patients with chronic symptomatic coronary artery disease with an invasive vs optimized medical treatment strategy. JAMA 2003;289:1117-1123. The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. Effects of an Angiotensin-Converting– Enzyme Inhibitor, Ramipril, on Cardiovascular Events in High-Risk Patients. N Engl J Med 2000;342:145153. Fox K. Efficacy of perindopril in reduction of cardiovascular events among patients with stable coronary artery disease: randomised, double-blind, placebo-contolled, multicentre trial [the EUROPA study]. Lancet 2003;362:782-788. Best P et al. Perindopril reduced cardiac events in stable coronary disease. Commentary on Fox K. Efficacy of perindopril in reduction of cardiovascular events among patients with stable coronary artery disease. ACP Journal Club. March/april 2004;31. The PEACE-trial investigators. Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition in stable coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 2004;351:2058-2068. Al-Mallah M, Tleyjeh I, Abdel-Latif A et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in coronary artery disease and preserved left ventricular systolic function. JACC 2006;47:1576-1583. Danchin N, Cucherat M, Thuillez M et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in patients with coronary artery disease and absence of heart failure or left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Arch Intern Med 2006;166:787-796. Hippisley-Cox J, Coupland C. Effect of combinations of drugs on all cause mortality in patients with ischaemic heart disease: nested case-control analysis. BMJ 2005;330:1059-1063. 3 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. He FJ, MacGregor GA. Effect of longer-term modest salt reduction on blood pressure. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2004, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD004937. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004937. Sheridan S, Pignone M. Primary prevention: hypertension. BMJ Clin Evid [online] 2006 [cited dec 2006]. Wexler R, Aukerman G. Nonpharmacological stategies for managing hypertension. Am Fam Physician 2006;73:1953-1956. Gueyffier F, Bulpitt C, Boissel JP et al. Antihypertensive drugs in very old people: a subgroup metaanalysis of randomised controlled trials. INDANA Group. Lancet 1999;353:793-6. Fagard R. Do we need drug therapy to manage mild hypertension in the elderly? Drugs Aging 2004;21:1-6. Klungel O, Grobbee D, de Boer A. Het onderbouwd voorschrijven van antihypertensiva bij hypertensie. Geneesmiddelenbulletin 2005;39:13-24. Staessen JA, Fagard R, Thijs L et al, for the Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) Trial Investigators. Lancet 1997;350:757-64. SHEP Cooperative Research Group. Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension. Final results of the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP). JAMA 1991;265:3255-64. Staessen JA, Gasowski J, Wang JG et al. Risks of untreated and treated isolated systolic hyperension in the elderly: meta-analysis of outcome trials. Lancet 2000:355:865-72. Chaudry S et al. Systolic hypertension in older persons. JAMA 2004;292:1074-1080. Psaty B, Weiss N, Furberg C. Recent trials in hypertension. Compelling science or commercial speech? JAMA 2006;295:1704-1706. NICE. Management of hypertension in primary care: partial update. June 2006. www.nice.org.uk Dahlof B, Sever P, Poulter N et al. Prevention of cardiovascular events with an antihypertensive regimen of amlodipine adding perindopril as required vs atenolol adding bendroflumethiazide as required in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Blood Pressure Lowering Arm (ASCOT-BPLA): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2005;366:895-906. Staessen J, Birkenhäger W. Evidence that new antihypertensives are superior to older drugs. Lancet 2005;366:869-871. Anonymous. De ASCOT-studie over antihypertensieve behandeling. Folia Pharmacotherapeutica 2005;32:86-87. Bijl D, Kerst A. Het ASCOT-onderzoek: vergelijking van twee antihypertensieve combinaties, vertrouwd versus modern. Geneesmiddelenbulletin 2006;40:12-14. ASCOT-trial: nieuwe hypertensiva of toch gewoon classics? Huisarts Wet 2005;48:589. Zur Ascot-Studie: neuere Antihypertensiva wirklich besser? Arznei-Telegramm 2005;36:85-86. Anonymous. HTA: L’essai ASCOT-BPLA ne change pas la stratégie thérapeutique. La Revue Prescrire 2006;26:205-206. Christiaens T, De Sutter J. Hypertensiebehandeling in de eerste lijn: consensus en evidentie. Tijdschr voor Geneeskunde 2001;57:1617-24. The ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group Major Outcomes in High-Risk Hypertensive Patients Randomized to Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor or Calcium Channel Blocker vs Diuretic. The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT). JAMA 2002;288:2981-2997. Major cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients randomized to doxazosin vs chlorthalidone: the antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment to prevent heart attack trial (ALLHAT). ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group. JAMA 2000;283:1967-1975. Psaty B et al. Health outcomes associated with various antihypertensive therapies used as first-line agents: a network meta-analysis. JAMA 2003;289:2534-2544. Vijan S. Hypertension in diabetes. BMJ Clin Evid [online] 2006 [cited dec 2006]. Kostis J, Wilson A, Freudenberger R et al. Long-term effect of diuretic-based theraopy on fatal outcomes in subjects with isolated systolic hypertension with and without diabetes. Am J Cardiol 2005;95:29-35. Anonymous. HTA: diurétique en première ligne, même chez les diabétiques. La Revue Prescrire 2005;264:615. SIGN. Hypertension in older people. Publication 49, January 2001. www.sign.ac.uk ANAES Prise en charge des patients adultes atteints d'hypertension artérielle essentielle, avril 2000. Walma EP, Thomas S, Prins A et al. NHG-Standaard Hypertensie. Huisarts Wet 2003;46:435-49. Appel LJ. The Verdict From ALLHAT-Thiazide Diuretics Are the Preferred Initial Therapy for Hypertension JAMA 2002;288:3039. 4 114. Anonymous. Review: Atenolol may be ineffective for reducing cardiovascular morbidity or all-cause mortality in primary hypertension. ACP Journal Club 2005;142:59. 115. Carlberg B, Samuelsson O, Lindholm L. Atenolol in hypertension: is it a wise choice? Lancet 2004;364:1684-1689. 116. Dahlof B, Devereux RB, Kjeldsen SE et al, LIFE Study Group. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet 2002;359:995-1003. 117. Lindholm L, Carlberg B, Sameulson O. Should β blockers remain first choice in the treatment of primary hypertension? A meta-analysis. Lancet 2005;366:1545-1553. 118. van den Born B, Brewster L, Koopmans R et al. Atenolol en metoprolol beide geschikt als β-blokker voor de behandeling van hypertensie. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2005;149:1808-1809. 119. Beevers D. The end of β-blockers for uncomplicated hypertension? Lancet 2005;366:1510-1512. 120. Anonymous. Betablocker: nur zweite Wahl bei arterieller Hypertonie? Arznei-telegramm 2005;36:109110. 121. NHG-standaard. Cardiovasculair risicomanagement. Januari 2006. http://nhg.artsennet.nl 122. Hansson L, Lindholm LH, Niskanen L et al. Effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition compared with conventional therapy on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertension: the Captopril Prevention Project (CAPPP) randomised trial. Lancet 1999;353:611-616. 123. The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) Study Investigators. Effects of an AngiotensinConverting–Enzyme Inhibitor, Ramipril, on Cardiovascular Events in High-Risk Patients. N Engl J Med 2000;352:145-53. 124. Wing L, Reid C, Ryan P et al. Second Australian National Blood Pressure Study Group. A Comparison of Outcomes with Angiotensin-Converting–Enzyme Inhibitors and Diuretics for Hypertension in the Elderly N Engl J Med 2003;348:583-92. 125. Neal B, MacMahon S, Chapman N; Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists' Collaboration. Effects of ACE inhibitors, calcium antagonists, and other blood-pressure-lowering drugs: results of prospectively designed overviews of randomised trials. Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists' Collaboration. Lancet 2000;356:1955-64. 126. Hansson L, et al. Randomised trial of old and new antihypertensive drugs in elderly patients: cardiovascular mortality and morbidity the Swedish trial in old patients with hypertension(STOP)-2 study. Lancet 1999;354:1751-1756. Commentary on: Kendall MJ. Conventional versus newer antihypertensive therapies--a draw. Lancet 1999;354:1744-1745. 127. Black HR, Elliott WJ, Grandits G et al, CONVINCE Research Group. Principal results of the Controlled Onset Verapamil Investigation of Cardiovascular End Points (CONVINCE) trial. JAMA 2003;289:2073-82. (+ Editoral: 2128-2131). 128. Lasagna L. Diuretics vs β-blockers for treatment of hypertension: lessons from ALLHAT [comment]. JAMA 2000;283:2013-2014. 129. Steffen H. Use of calcium channel antagonists for the treatment of hypertension in the elderly. Drugs Aging 2004;21:566-581. 130. Staessen J et al. Randomised double-blind comparison of placebo and active treatment for older patients with isolated systolic hypertension. Lancet 1997;350:757-764. 131. Brown J et al. Morbidity and mortality in patients randomised to double-blind treatment with a long-acting calcium channel blocker or diuretic in the international Nifedipine GITS study: Intervention as a goal in hypertension treatment (INSIGHT). Lancet 2000;356:366-372. 132. Hansson L. Randomised trial of effects of calcium antagonists compared with diuretics and beta-blockers on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertension: the Nordic Diltiazem (NORDIL) study. Lancet 2000;356:359-365. 133. Wing LM, Reid CM, Ryan P et al, Second Australian National Blood Pressure Study Group. A Comparison of Outcomes with Angiotensin-Converting–Enzyme Inhibitors and Diuretics for Hypertension in the Elderly. N Engl J Med 2003;348:583-92. 134. Anonymous. Twee studies over startbehandeling van hypertensie. Folia Pharmacotherapeutica 2003;30:33-6. 135. PROGRESS Collaborative Group. Randomised trial of a perindopril-based blood-pressure-lowering regime among 6,105 individuals with previous stroke or transient ischemic attack. Lancet 2001;358:1033-1041. 136. Wennberg R, Zimmermann C. The PROGRESS trial three years later: time for a balanced report of effectiveness. BMJ 2004;329:968-970. 137. Simpson K, Jarvis B. Lisinopril: a review of its use in congestive heart failure. Drugs 2000;59:1149-67. 5 138. Packer M, Poole-Wilson PA, Armstrong PW et al. Comparative effects of low and high doses of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, lisinopril, on morbidity and mortality in chronic heart failure. ATLAS Study Group. Circulation 1999;100:2312-8. 139. Anonymous. Medicamenteuze renoprotectie. Folia Pharmacotherapeutica 2003;30:10-3. www.bcfi.be 140. Lovell HG. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in normotensive diabetic patients with microalbuminuria. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD002183. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002183.pub2. 141. Angeli F et al. Meta-analysis of effectiveness or lack thereof of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors for prevention of heart failure in patients with systemic hypertension. Am J Cardiol 2004;93:240-243. 142. Wright J, Dunn J, Cutler J et al. Outcomes in hypertensive black and nonblack patients treated with chlorthalidone, amlodipine and lisinopril. JAMA 2005;293:1595-1608. 143. Sowers J. Treatment of hypertension in patients with diabetes. Arch Int Med 2004;164:1850-1857. 144. Turnbull F, Neal B, Algert C et al. Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists Collaboration. Effects of different blood pressure-lowering regimens on major cardiovascular events in individuals with and without diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med 2005;165:1410-1419. 145. Anonymous. Losartan versus atenolol bij patiënten met hypertensie en linkerventrikelhypertrofie: de LIFEstudie. Folia Pharmacotherapeutica 2002;29:69-70. 146. Julius S et al Outcomes in hypertensive patients at high cardiovascular risk treated with regimens based on valsartan or amlodipine: the VALUE randomized trial. Lancet 2004;363:2022-2031. 147. Lithell H. et al. The study on cognition and prognosis in the elderly (SCOPE): principal results of a randomized double-blind intervention trial. J Hypertension 2003;21:875-886. 148. Anonymous. Hypertension in type 2 diabetes – targeting angiotensin. DTB 2005;43:41-45. 149. Casas P, Chua W, Loukogeorgakis S et al. Effect of inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system and other antihypertensive drugs on renal outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 2005;366:20262033. 150. Strippoli G, Craig M, Deeks J et al. Effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists on mortality and renal outcomes in diabetic nephropathy: systematic review. BMJ 2004;329:828-839. 151. Anonymous. Mortalité accrue sous moxonidine chez des insuffisants cardiaques. La Revue Prescrire 2000;20:280. 152. Chobanian AV et al. The seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of high blood pressure. The JNC 7 report. JAMA 2003;289:2560-2572. 153. European Society of Hypertension – European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. J Hypertens 2003;21:1011-1053. 154. Anonymous. Startbehandeling van hypertensie: stand van zaken. Folia Pharmacotherapeutica 2004;31:28-32. www.bcfi.be 155. Law M et al. Value of low dose combination treatment with blood pressure lowering drugs: analysis of 354 randomised trials. BMJ 2003;326:1427-1434. 156. DARE abstract 20038462. http://nhscrd.york.ac.uk/online/dare/20038462.htm 157. Lip GYH, Felmeden DC. Antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants for hypertension. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2004, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD003186. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003186.pub2. 158. New Zealand Guidelines Group. The management of people with atrial fibrillation and flutter. May 2005. www.nzgg.org.nz 159. van Walraven C et al. A prediction rule identified patients with atrial fibrillation at low risk of stroke while taking aspirin. Arch Intern Med 2003;163:936-943. 160. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation. 161. Wolf P, Abbott R, Kannel W. Atrial fibrillation as an independent risk factor for stroke: the Framingham Study. Stroke 1991;22:983-988. 162. van Walraven C, Hart RG, Singer DE et al. Oral anticoagulants vs aspirin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. JAMA 2002;288: 2441-8. 163. Lip G, Rothwell P, Sudlow C. Stroke prevention. BMJ Clin Evid [online] 2006 [cited dec 2006]. 164. Hylek E et al. Effect of intensity of oral anticoagulation on stroke severity and mortality in atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2003;349:1019-1026. 165. van Walraven C et al. A clinical prediction rule to identify patients with atrial fibrillation and a low risk for stroke while taking aspirin. Arch Intern Med 2003;163:936-943. 166. Boode BSP, Frijling BD, Heeringa J, Rutten FH, Van den Berg PJ, Zwietering PJ, Romeijnders ACM, Van Lieshout J. NHG-Standaard Atriumfibrilleren. Huisarts Wet 2003;46:819-30. http://nhg.artsennet.nl . 6 167. Patrono C, Garcia Rodriguez L, Landolfi R et al. Low-Dose Aspirin for the prevention of atherothrombosis. N Engl J Med 2005;353:2373-2383. 168. Sacco R, Adams R, Albers G et al. Guidelines for the prevention of stroke in patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. Circulation 2006;113:e409-e449. 169. Antithrombotic Trialists’ Collaboration. Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risks patients. BMJ 2002;324:71-86. 170. Serebruany V, Steinhubl S, Berger P. et al. Analysis of risk of bleeding complications after different doses of aspirin 192,036 patients enrolled in 31 randomized controlled trials. Am J Cardiol 2005;95:12181222. 171. Ibanez L, Vidal X, Vendrell L et al. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding associated with antiplatelet drugs. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006;23:235-242. 172. Aguilar M, Hart R. Antiplatelet therapy for preventing stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and no previous history of stroke or transient ischemic attacks. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2005, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD001925. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001925.pub2. 173. Saxena R, Koudstaal PJ. Anticoagulants versus antiplatelet therapy for preventing stroke in patients with nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation and a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2004, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD000187. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000187.pub2. 174. Johnson C, LIm W, Workman B. People aged over 75 in atrial fibrillation on warfarin: the rate of major hemorrhage and stroke in more than 500 patient-years of follow-up. JAGS 2005;53:655-659. 175. Douketis J et al. Low-molecular-weight heparin as bridging anticoagulation during interruption of warfarin. Arch Intern Med 2004;164:1319-1326. 176. The Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up Investigation of Rythm Management (AFFIRM) Investigators. A comparison of rate control and rythm control in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2002;347:1825-33. 177. Van Gelder IC, Hagens VE, Bosker HA et al, for the rate control versus electrical cardioversion for persistent atrial fibrillation study group. N Engl J Med 2002;347:1834-40. 178. de Denus S, Sanoski C, Carlsson J et al. Rate vs rhythm control in patients with atrial fibrillation. A metaanalysis. Arch Intern Med 2005;165:258-262. 179. Fuster V, Ryden LE, Asinger RW et al, American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association/European Society of Cardiology Board. ACC/AHA/ESC guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: executive summary. A Report of the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines and Policy Conferences (Committee to Develop Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation): developed in Collaboration With the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;38:1231-66. 180. Farshi R, Kistner D, Sarma JS et al. Ventricular rate control in chronic atrial fibrillation during daily activity and programmed exercise: a crossover open-label study of five drug regimens. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999;33:304-10. 181. New Zealand Guidelines Group. The management of people with atrial fibrillation and flutter. May 2005. www.nzgg.org.nz 182. Anonymous. Dipyridamol/acetylsalicylzuur. Geneesmiddelenbulletin 1999;33:19-20. 183. Rashid P et al. Blood pressure reduction and secondary prevention of stroke and other vascular events. A systematic review. Stroke 2003;34:2741-2749. 184. CAPRIE Steering Committee. A randomised, blinded trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE). Lancet 1996;348:1329-39. 185. Anonymous. Clopidogrel. Geneesmiddelenbulletin 1999;33:8. 186. Chan F, Ching J, Hung L et al. Clopidogrel versus aspirin and esomeprazole to prevent recurrent ulcer bleeding. N Engl J Med 2005;352:238-244. 187. Anonymous. IPP après hémorragie ulcéreuse sous aspirine en prévention cardiovasculaire. La Revue Prescrire 2005;25:848. 188. Diener H et al. Aspirin and clopidogrel compared with clopidogrel alone after recent ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack in high-risk patients (MATCH): randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2004;364:331-337. 189. Bogaert M. Aspirine toevoegen aan clopidogrel in secundaire preventie? Minerva 2005;4:73-75. 190. Bhatt D, Fox K, Hacke W et al. Clopidogrel and aspirin versus aspirin alone for the prevention of atherothrombotic events. N Engl J Med 2006;354:1706-1717. 7 191. P Chevalier. Clopidogrel plus aspirine versus aspirine alleen in cardiovasculaire preventie. Minerva 2006;5:76-79. 192. Anonymous. Accidents vasculaires cérébraux: phase aiguë et prévention secondaire. La Revue Prescrire 1999,19:845-7. 193. De Schryver ELLM, Algra A, van Gijn J. Dipyridamole for preventing stroke and other vascular events in patients with vascular disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD001820. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001820.pub2. 194. Leonardi-Bee J, Bath P, Bousser M-G et al. Dipyridamole for preventing recurrent ischemic stroka and other vascular events. Stroke 2005;36:162-168. 195. Prescribing antiplatelet drugs in primary care. MeReC Bulletin 2005;15:21-4. http://www.npc.co.uk/merec_index.htm 196. The ESPRIT Study Group. Aspirin plus diprydamole versus aspirin alone after cerebral ischaemia of arterial origin (ESPRIT): randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2006;367:1665-1673. 197. Algra A, van Gijn J, Koudstaal P. Secondary prevention after cerebral ischaemia of presumed arterial origin: is aspirin still the touchstone? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1999;66:557-559. 198. Norrving B. Dipyridamole with aspirin for secondary stroke prevention. Lancet 2006;367:1638-1639. 199. P Chevalier. Dipyridamol toevoegen aan aspirine na ischemische CVA? Minerva 2006;5:104-106. 200. Hollander M et al. Incidence, risk, and case fatality of first ever stroke in the elderly population. The Rotterdam Study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2003;74:317-321. 201. Anonymous. Geneesmiddelen bij dementie. Belgisch Centrum voor Farmacotherapeutische Informatie. Transparantiefiche Januari 2003. 202. Anonymous. Qui a dit que le Nootropil® (piracétam) n’avait pas d’action? La Lettre du Gras 2002;35:41. 203. Blann A, Lip G. Venous thromboembolism. BMJ 2006;332:215-219. 204. Roderick P, Ferris G, Wilson K et al. Towards evidence-based guidelines for the prevention of venous thromboembolism: systematic reviews of mechanical methods, oral anticoagulation, dextran and regional anaesthesia as thromboprophylaxis. Health Tecnol Assess 2005;9:N°49. 205. Anonymous. Prévention primaire des embolies pulmonaires. La Revue Prescrire 2002;22:516-29. 206. Koopman MMW. Laagmoleculaire heparinen. Geneesmiddelenbulletin 2000;10:115-21. 207. van Dongen CJJ, van den Belt AGM, Prins MH et al. Fixed dose subcutaneous low molecular weight heparins versus adjusted dose unfractionated heparin for venous thromboembolism. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2004, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD001100. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001100.pub2. 208. Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement. Venous thromboembolism. Sixth edition/April 2005. www.icsi.org 209. McManus R, Fitzmaurice D, Hobbs R. Thromboembolism. BMJ Clin Evid [online] 2006 [cited dec 2006]. 210. Kearon C, Anderson D, Scully. Duration of Oral Anticoagulant Therapy for Venous Thromboembolism. April 2004. www.tigc.org. 211. British Committee for standards in haematology. Guidelines on oral anticoagulation (warfarin): third edition-2005 update. 212. Ost D, Tepper J, Mihara H et al. Duration of anticoagulation following venous thromboembolism. JAMA 2005;294:706-715. 213. Anonymous. Antivitamine K et extraction dentaire. Peu de risques avec un INR inférieur à 4. La Revue Prescrire 2004;253:615-618. 214. Konstantinos A. Anticoagulation and cataract surgery: a review of the current literature. Anaesth Intensive Care 2001;29:11-18. 215. Anonymous. Perioperatives Management bei oraler Antikoagulation. Arznei-Telegramm 2004;35:94-96. 216. Anonymous. Enoxaparine et daltéparine. La Revue Prescrire 1999;192:90-4. 217. van der Ent M. De medicamenteuze behandeling tijdens en na het myocardinfarct. Geneesmiddelenbulletin 2003;37:13-9. 218. Het doelmatig gebruik van niet-gefractioneerde heparines, heparines met laag moleculair gewicht en orale anticoagulantia bij de preventie en behandeling van veneuze trombo-embolische aandoeningen. Synthese van de beschikbare wetenschappelijke literatuur. Projekt Farmaka Gent – CUMG UCL. In voorbereiding op de consensusvergadering RIZIV. Brussel, 5 november 2002. 219. Ridker PM, Goldhaber SZ, Danielson E et al, for the PREVENT Investigators. Long-term, low-intensity warfarin therapy for the prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med 2003;348:1425-1434. 220. Kearon C et al. Comparison of low-intensity warfarin therapy with conventional-intensity warfarin therapy for long-term prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med 2003;349:631-9. 8 221. Kolbach DN, Sandbrink MWC, Hamulyak K et al. Non-pharmaceutical measures for prevention of postthrombotic syndrome. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2003, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD004174. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004174.pub2. 222. Prandoni P et al. Below-knee elastic compression stockings to prevent the post-thrombotic syndrome. Ann Intern Med 2004;141:249-256. 223. DeZee K, Shimeall W, Douglas K et al. Treatment of excessive anticoagulation with phytonadione (Vitamin K). Arch Intern Med 2006;166:391-397. 224. Miller RA, May MW, Hendry WF et al. The prevention of secondary haemorrhage after prostatectomy: the value of antifibrinolytic therapy. Br J Urol 1980;52:26-8. 225. Psaty B, Anderson M, Kronmal R et al. The association between lipid levels and the risks of incident myocardial infarction, stroke, and total mortality: The Cardiovascular Health Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2004;52:1639-1647. 226. Allen Maycock C, Muhlestein J, Horne B et al. Statin therapy is associated with reduced mortality across all age groups of individuals with significant coronary disease, including very elderly patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;40:1777-1785. 227. Shepherd J, Blauw GJ, Murphy MB on behalf of the PROSPER study group. Pravastatin in elderly individuals at risk of vascular disease (PROSPER): a randomised trial. Lancet 2002;360:1623-30. 228. The ALLHAT Officors and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group. Major outcomes in moderately hypercholesterolemic, hypertensive patients randomized to pravastatin versus usual care. JAMA 2002;288:2988-3007. 229. Sever PS, Dahlof B, Poulter NR et al, for the ASCOT investigators. Prevention of coronary and stroke events with atorcastatin in hypertensive patients, who have average of lower-than-average cholesterol concentrations, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial – Lipid Lowering Arm (ASCOTT-LLA): a multi centre randomsed controlled trial. Lancet 2003;361:1149-58. 230. Colhoun H, Betteridge D, Durrington P et al. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with atorvastatin in type 2 diabetes in the Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS): multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2004;364:685-696. 231. Anonymous. Do statins have a role in primary prevention? Therapeutics Letter april-june 2003;48. www.ti.ubc.ca 232. Pignone M et al. Primary prevention: dyslipidaemia. BMJ Clin Evid [online] 2006 [cited dec 2006]. 233. Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2002;360:7-22. 234. Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. Effects of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin on stroke and other major vascular events in 20,536 people with cerebrovascular disease or other high-risk conditions. Lancet 2004;363:757-767. 235. Johnston SC. Cholesterol lowering with simvastatin reduced stroke in patients with, or at risk for, vascular disease. Comment on: Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. Effects of cholesterollowering with simvastatin on stroke and other major vascular events in 20,536 people with cerebrovascular disease or other high-risk conditions. ACP Journal Club 2004;141:32. 236. Anonymous. Prendre en charge les accidents vasculaires cérébraux. La Revue Prescrire 2005;262:436442. 237. Anonymous. Drugs to prevent vascular events after stroke. Drug Ther Bull 2005;43:53-6. 238. The FIELD study investigators. Effects of long term fenofibrate therapy on cardiovascular events in 9795 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the FIELD study): randomised copntrolled trial. Lancet 2005;366:1849-1861. 239. Anonymous. Ezetemibe: a new cholesterol-lowering drug. DTB 2004;42:65-67. 240. Bartelink ML, Stoffers HEJH, Boutens EJ, Hooi JD, Kaiser V, Boomsma LJ. NHG-Standaard Perifeer arterieel vaatlijden Huisarts Wet 2003;46: 848-58.. http://nhg.artsennet.nl 241. ACC/AHA 2005 Guidelines for the management of patients with peripheral arterial disease [Lower extremity, renal, mesenteric, and abdominal aortic]: Executive summary. JACC 2006;47:1239-1312. 242. Cassar K, Bachoo P. Peripheral arterial disease. BMJ Clin Evid [online] 2006 [cited dec 2006]. 243. SIGN. Diagnosis and management of peripheral vascular disease. Draft 1.1/ October 2004. 244. Anonymous. Clopidogrel. Geneesmiddelenbulletin 1999;33:8. 245. Anonymous. Aspirine ou clopidogrel en première intention? La Revue Prescrire 2002;22:76. 246. De Backer TLM, Vander Stichele RH, Bogaert MG. Buflomedil for intermittent claudication. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2000, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD000988. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000988. 9 247. Martinez MJ, Bonfill X, Moreno RM et al. Phlebotonics for venous insufficiency. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2005, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD003229. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003229.pub2. 248. Schweitzer BPM, Doorenbosch J, Glotzbach R et al. NHG-Standaard Ulcus cruris venosum. http://nhg.artsennet.nl 249. Simon D, Dix F, McCollum C. Management of venous leg ulcers. BMJ 2004;328:1358-1362. 250. Jull A, Waters J, Arroll B. Pentoxifylline for treatment of venous leg ulcers: a systematic review. Lancet 2002;359:1550-4. 251. Dale JJ, Ruckley CV, Harper DR et al. Randomised, double blind placebo controlled trial of pentoxifylline in the treatment of venous leg ulcers. BMJ 1999;319:875-8. 10