Document 6504525

Contribution of Livestock
to National Economy &
How to Improve It further
By
Dr. Muhammad Zulfiqar
DVM (Gold Medal),M.Sc,PhD (USA)
Director General (Research)
L&DD Department Punjab
Directorate General of
Research
Veterinary Research Institute (VRI)
Lahore
Livestock Production research Institute
(LPRI) Okara
Poultry Research Institute (PRI)
Rawalpindi
Foot and Mouth Disease Research
Center Lahore
Contribution
11 % GDP
49 % Agriculture
Around 10 % of national export
Milk alone gets more income to farmers
than rice and cotton or sugarcane and
wheat
Major security for farmers
30-35 million landless farmers
Livestock Population
(Millions)
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
Buffalo
22.004
26.300
30.300
35.300
41.300 (57%)
Cattle
22.669
24.200
26.700
30.200
34.700 (43%)
Goat
47.426
56.700
66.700
79.200
93.200 (64%)
Sheep
24.084
24.900
25.900
27.100
28.65 (15%)
Animal Products (Million Metric Tons)
Milk
25.566
29.474
33.400
38.400
44.200 (50%)
Meat
1.695
1.972
2.272
2.632
3.422 (53%)
204.465
227.395
(41%)
Human Population (Million)
Pakistan
142.654
161.151
191.753
The livestock revolution
Most future job opportunities are going to be
in the self employment sub sector
Most jobs are going to be in the “on farm
sector”
Livestock as part of the on farm sector offers
the future potential
z Provided we look at the livestock sector
afresh
Cont….
Cont….
Look at the end products rather than dairy,
and small ruminants….e.g.
z Milk and milk products
z Meat and meat products
Take a holistic look….from “fodder to the
product” and address needs of the entire
supply chain
Strengths
Highest level of commitment at political,
policy and operational levels to mainstream
Livestock.
z
MTDF (2005-10) on Livestock includes:
z
z
z
z
Rural poverty alleviation through exploitation of
livestock resources/potentials
Fulfillment of increasing demand for livestock
products
Phasing out of import of milk and milk products
Promotion of exports of livestock and livestock
products
Weakness
Higher numbers with poor genetic makeup of
majority of the stock
High post harvest losses due to inadequate
collection facilities from remote areas;
Outdated and limited marketing facilities
along with prevailing consumer-oriented price
controls;
Limited access to credit; Risk averse MFIs
Cont…
Cont…
Weak mechanism of price regulation to check
wide variation of prices at producers and
consumer levels;
Inadequate quantity and poor quality of feed
and fodder;
Limited animal health coverage; and
Weaknesses covering planning, production
technology transfer and policy development
Health
Disease Diagnosis
Clinical
z Microscopy
z Animal Cell Culture
z Limited Elisa
z
Diagnostic Antigens
z TB, Brucellosis, Mallein
Diseases of Public Health Importance
Cont…
Cont…
Vaccination
z
Killed Bacteriological Vaccines
z
z
Live Bacterial Vaccines
z
z
Anthrax, Mycoplasma
Attenuated Viral Vaccines
z
z
z
HS; BQ: Enterotoxemia
ND. Sheep & Goat Pox, Fowl Pox, PPR,
Rabies
Killed Viral Vaccines
z
FMD Vaccine
Major Achievement
Rinderpest Eradication from Pakistan
Future Strategies
z Development
of rapid diagnostic kits
z Using molecular techniques
z Sequencing of pathogens
z Epitope mapping to determine variation
within strains
z Fermentor Technology
Cont…
Cont…
z Suspension
Culture
z Vaccination through feed/grains
z Adopting methodologies to determine
better immunogen strains
z Expressing better immunogen (capsule)
in bacteria etc
z Development of recombinant vectors for
vaccine delivery
Nutrition
z Fodder
30% Short
z Concentrates – Cotton Seed Cake
z Commercial feed – Early Stage
Future Strategies
z Introducing
better varieties of fodder
z Genetic engineering
z Preservation during excess production
Cont…
Cont…
z To
develop feed production technologies
which can improve the utilization of
relatively low cost byproducts and
tropically adapted plant species
z Enzymes of microbial additives
z Growth promoters & regulators
z Manipulation of rumen ecosystem
z Milk replacer
z Avoiding rumen bombardment
Breeding & Genetics
z Artificial
Insemination
z Embryo Transfer (limited)
Future Strategies
z Buffalo
major milk producer least studied
z Buffalo Research Institute, being
Established
z Hormonal Studies
Cont…
Cont…
z Detection
of silent heat
z Chromosomal studies with reference to
milk production
z Mass production of in vitro sexed
embryos, using new reproductive
technologies and DNA technologies
z Improvement of reproductive techniques
Conclusion
Development of core competency of
scientists in any R&D system to address the
issue of low productivity of livestock
populations
Establishment of equipped laboratories
A strong nucleus of trained manpower in the
leading edge technology and key areas in
accelerating progress in animal health,
production and biotechnology in the new
millennium
Cont…
Cont…
Strengthening R&D activities in animal
biotechnology will enable the Pakistan’s
livestock, poultry and fish industries to
achieve high production efficiency at minimal
cost and face the future challenges of a more
market oriented and global trading
environment
Strong linkages between sister organizations
Interactions with international animal
biotechnology experts
Identify research leaders in critical areas to
form and lead research teams
THANK YOU
Role of Livestock in the
Economy 2003-04
11.4%
47
53
88.6%
GDP
Livestock
Agriculture
Livestock
Role of Livestock in the Economy
Contribution in Agricultural GDP
47 %
Contribution in National GDP
11 %
Contribution in Exports
12 %
Pop. dependent on Livestock
60 %
LIVESTOCK POPULATION
TRENDS
50000
POPULATION (000)
40000
Cattle
30000
Buffaloes
Sheep
20000
Goats
10000
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
CENSUS YEAR
1990
2000
Demand & Supply of Livestock Products
‘000 TONS
2003-04
Product
Demand
Supply
Gap
%
Surplus/(deficit)
Mutton
820
723
(97)
(13)%
Beef
999
1,087
88
8%
Chicken
279
378
99
35%
Eggs
6,838
8,102
1,264
18%
Milk
15,044
28,624
13,580
90%
Demand is increasing @ 6-7 % per annum; whereas the supply is increasing @
3.2 % per annum, creating a gap of around 3.8 % per annum.
Demand side…..The Livestock
Revolution
Population Growth;
Urbanization;
Income Growth;
z
z
are all fuelling a massive increase in demand of food of animal
origin and
rapid industrialization is increasing demand for livestock
products such as wool, bones, hides and skins.
It is therefore not inappropriate to use the term “Livestock
Revolution” to describe the course of these events in
Pakistan over next 20 years.
MEAT PRODUCTION TRENDS
1100
23%
1000
000 MT. TONNES
900
800
700
-5%
600
225%
500
400
300
200
100
YEARS
BEEF
MUTTON
POULTRY
SWOT ANALYSIS
Livestock
Typical small dairy farm,
Pakistan Vs India
Pakistan
India
Farm size (#
animals)
Land Holdings
1
2
0
0
Milk Yield (Kg)
1,417
1,058
68%
46%
65%
51%
$ 0 58
$ 0 96
Home
consumption
Off farm
income
Per capita
6,000
Poor
Hhds
SocialMobilization
Mobilization
Social
Organizing
poorest
Organizing poorest
Households
Households
Savings
Savings
Training
COManagers
Managers
Training CO
Identification
Training
Identification &&Training
Of
Chilling
unit
Of Chilling unit
operators
operators
Capacitybuilding
building
Capacity
Training
Training
Extension
services
Extension services
….PPPP
Milk
Milk
Collection
Collection
system
system
Farms
Land development
Rehab of infrastructure
Breed improvement
Research on animal production
& Health traits
Processing Units (Milk; Meat;
& Feed mills)
On Job farmers training
MicroFinance
Finance
Micro
For
For
Purchaseof
ofanimals
animals&&
Purchase
Feed/fodder
Feed/fodder
Repaymentininkind
kind
Repayment
through
through
purchaseof
of
purchase
milk/animals
milk/animals
bythe
thefarm
farm
by
NRSP/
GOPb
Chilling units
units
Chilling
Ops&&
Ops
Maintenance
Maintenance