INTEGRATED SYLLABUS Northern Kentucky University College of Education and Human Services
Transcription
INTEGRATED SYLLABUS Northern Kentucky University College of Education and Human Services
Special Education Block INTEGRATED SYLLABUS Northern Kentucky University College of Education and Human Services EDS 362, Applied Behavior Analysis of Students with Disabilities (3 cr. hrs.) EDS 464, Assessment of Learning and Behavior Disorders (3 cr. hrs.) EDS 472, Special Education Methods and Materials (3 cr. hrs.) EDS 473, Special Education Practicum (2 cr. hrs.) 11 credit hours - "Committed to the Development of All Learners" Committed to the Development of All Learners is the theme that undergirds the Conceptual Framework for all professional education programs in the College of Education and Human Services (COEHS) at Northern Kentucky University. The Conceptual Framework is supported by the missions of the university and the college and used by faculty to continuously assess and update the curricula of the initial and advanced programs. The COEHS created its Conceptual Framework after input from its constituents: education and arts and science faculty, candidates, staff, and community members. The graphic depicts a framework of continuously assessing the knowledge, skills, and dispositions that classroom teachers, instructional leaders, and school counselors must have to facilitate student learning and academic achievement. KERA Initiatives As students complete and implement projects and assignments throughout their education programs they will address all components of the KERA initiatives: Kentucky Learning Goals and Academic Expectations, the Kentucky Program of Studies, and the Core Content for Assessment. EPSB Themes All NKU professional education programs address and affirm the value of diversity in education, the importance of helping all children develop reading and literacy skills, attaining high levels of skill in assessing the outcomes of instruction, and using those skills to develop strategies for closing identified achievement gaps. This course will provide students an opportunity to demonstrate their knowledge, skills, and dispositions in the particular themes of: diversity, assessment, literacy/reading, and closing the achievement gap. The work you do in this course is subject to the NKU Student Honor Code, http://www.nku.edu/~deanstudents/documents/StudentHonorCode-Fall2007.pdf. Page 1 of 21 Special Education Block Students in the education programs must also adhere to the education programs’ Code of Ethics: http://coehs.nku.edu/docs/COEHS_code_ethics_20.doc and the KY Code of Ethics: http://www.kyepsb.net/legal/ethics.asp. Instructor: Dr. Steve Crites Office Location: BEP 269 Office Hours: Posted & by appointment Telephone #: 859-572-5621 Course: EDS 464 FAX: 859-572-6096 Email: [email protected] Instructor: Dr. Melissa M. Jones Office Location: BEP 286 Office Hours: Posted & by appointment Telephone #: 859-572-1423 Course: EDS 472 & EDS 473 FAX: 859-572-6096 Email: [email protected] Instructor: Dr. Stephen Walker Office Location: BEP 270 Office Hours: Posted & by appointment Telephone #: 859-572-5598 Course: EDS 362 & EDS 473 FAX: 859-572-6096 Email: [email protected] TEXTBOOKS Alberto, P.A., & Troutman, A.C. (2009). Applied behavior analysis for teachers, 8th edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education Inc. Gibb, S.G., & Dyches, T.T. (2000). Guide to writing quality Individualized Education Programs: What’s best for students with disabilities? Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon. Mercer, C.D. & Mercer, A.R. (2005). Teaching students with learning problems. 7th Edition. Columbus, OH: Merrill/Prentice-Hall. Kentucky Department of Education. (2006). Combined Curriculum Document. Retrieved from http://education.ky.gov/KDE/Instructional+Resources/Curriculum+Documents+and+ Resources/Teaching+Tools/Combined+Curriculum+Documents/default.htm Overton, T. (2006). Assessing Learners with Special Needs: An Applied Approach 5th edition. Columbus, OH: Merrill/Prentice-Hall. Page 2 of 21 Special Education Block Additional readings and resources will be available as necessary in class, on Blackboard or through library reserve. EVALUATION, AND GRADING POLICY Grades for each course will be determined using the following percentage scale based on total possible points: Grade Percent A 93-100% B 84-91% C 75-82% D 67-73% F <66% Please note: C minus grades do not meet the criteria of C or better for continuing in the education program. Although the classes are presented as an integrated block, separate grades will be submitted for each course and your transcript will reflect credit for each as a separate course. The grade of “A” is reserved for those whose efforts and products in the integrated block are determined to be “excellent”. An excellent performance includes attending class, contributing to class discussions, asking questions on difficult material, reading material before it is discussed in class, proper English usage and spelling in all work submitted, work submitted on time and in the proper form, exhibition of professional behavior and appropriate *dispositions, and a demonstration of a thorough mastery of the material, terms, and concepts on projects and examinations. Assignment due dates are on the schedule. Late work may be refused. Points will be deducted for work submitted late. Points may also be deducted in the event of excessive absences from any of the classes in the block. Assignments will be given a letter grade based on departmental grading policy and on the scoring guidelines which accompany each assignment. The College of Education Grading Guidelines I. Northern Kentucky University The College of Education will use the following criteria for grades in undergraduate courses: A. Superior: Exceptional performance for undergraduate students. Understanding of terms and concepts thoroughly demonstrated; ideas clearly and thoughtfully presented; activities effectively completed; competence clearly demonstrated in performance and knowledge areas; appropriate English usage and spelling. B. High Achievement: High achievement; clearly very good but not outstanding performance for undergraduate students. Understanding of terms and ideas well demonstrated; ideas clearly presented; activities completed; competence Page 3 of 21 Special Education Block well demonstrated in performance and knowledge areas; appropriate English usage and spelling. C. Adequate: The minimum expected of undergraduate students. Understanding of terms and concepts adequately demonstrated; ideas adequately presented; activities completed; competence demonstrated in performance areas; written materials readable, with a few English and/or spelling errors. D. Unsatisfactory: Understanding of terms and concepts only vaguely demonstrated; competence in performance areas not clearly demonstrated; English usage and spelling marginal or below average. F. Unacceptable: Not acceptable for undergraduate credit. Please Note: A high caliber of performance is expected in this integrated block of classes. Good attendance is necessary for maximizing your performance. Excessive absences may result in the lowering of your final grade, at the discretion of the instructor, regardless of other grade components. If at any time you have concerns relative to your performance or any other aspects of this course, please contact one of the instructors for an appointment. Students with disabilities who require accommodations (academic adjustments, auxiliary aids or services) for this course must register with the Disability Services Office. Please contact the Disability Service Office immediately in the University Center, Suite 320 or call 859-572-6373 for more information. Verification of your disability is required in the Disability Services Office for you to receive reasonable academic accommodations. Visit the Disability Services website at www.nku.edu/~disability/. STUDENT ACTIVITIES Students are expected to attend all class meetings and field experience days, read assigned materials prior to class discussion, participate in class discussions and small group activities, and collaborate in a professional manner with her/his supervising teacher. In addition, students will complete the following activities/assignments: FOR EDS 362: Activity ABA Application Activities (5 X10 pts) Chapter Quizzes – on class Bb site (13 X 2 pts ea.) In Class Quizzes (3) Behavior Change Project Report Attendance and Participation (14 X 2 pts) TOTAL POINTS POSSIBLE Possible Points 50 26 150 100 28 354 FOR EDS 464: Activity Instrument Review/Sharing Guided Reading Responses (10@5 each) Possible Points 25 50 Page 4 of 21 Special Education Block Records Review Report Tape of Norm-referenced Assessment administration and critique Curriculum Based Assessment Quizzes (2 @ 20) Child Study: Assessment Report, including protocols and CBM Attendance and Participation TOTAL POINTS POSSIBLE 15 15 25 40 100 20 290 FOR EDS 472: Activity Response to Intervention Report Attendance and Participation Learning Station Statement of Beliefs Classroom Design Project Classroom Budget Project Professional Growth Plan TOTAL POINTS POSSIBLE Possible Points 75 points 36 points 26 points 20 points 15 points 15 points 25 points 212 POINTS FOR EDS 473: Activity Weekly Reflective Journal (10 @ 5 each) Lesson Plans (4 @ 5 pts. ea.) Weekly Overview (8@2 pts. ea.) Shadow an Instructional Assistant Video self-critique and reflection Teacher Dispositions TOTAL POINTS POSSIBLE Possible Points 50 points 20 points 16 points 20 points 25 points 57 points 188 POINTS COURSE DESCRIPTION AND COURSE OBJECTIVES Course Description and Course Objectives: These courses, taught in an integrated fashion, cover the principles of applied behavior analysis, assessment for determining eligibility and for designing instruction, and adapted teaching techniques which are effective for students with mild disabilities. In addition, undergraduate students work closely with classroom teachers in the schools to practice both the art and the science of teaching. At the completion of these courses, the student will be expected to be able to design and implement a behavior change program, effectively use a variety of assessment tools for multiple purposes, and select and implement effective instruction for students with mild disabilities and diverse learning needs. EDU 362, 464, 472, AND 473 specifically addresses these Kentucky Teacher Standards (means of assessment noted in boldface): Page 5 of 21 Special Education Block STANDARD 1: THE TEACHER DEMONSTRATES APPLIED CONTENT KNOWLEDGE. The teacher demonstrates a current and sufficient academic knowledge of certified content areas to develop student knowledge and performance in those areas. 1.1 Communicates concepts, processes, and knowledge Accurately and effectively communicates concepts, processes and/or knowledge and uses vocabulary that is clear, correct and appropriate for students. Instrument Review (project), Quizzes (test), Lesson Plans (on demand task), RTI Report (on demand task), Learning Station (project). 1.2 Connects content to life experiences of student. Effectively connects most content, procedures, and activities with relevant life experiences of students. Quizzes (test), Lesson Plans (on demand task), RTI Report (on demand task), Learning Station (project). 1.3 Demonstrates instructional strategies that are appropriate for content and contribute to student learning. Uses instructional strategies that are clearly appropriate for the content and processes of the lesson and make a clear contribution to student learning. Lesson Plans (on demand task), RTI Report (on demand task), Learning Station (project). 1.4 Guides students to understand content from various perspectives. Provides opportunities and guidance for students to consider lesson content from different perspectives to extend their understanding. Lesson Plans (on demand task), RTI Report (on demand task), Learning Station (project), Classroom Budget (project). 1.5 Identifies and addresses students’ misconceptions of content Identifies misconceptions related to content and addresses them during planning and instruction. Lesson Plans (on demand task), RTI Report (on demand task). STANDARD 2: THE TEACHER DESIGNS AND PLANS INSTRUCTION The teacher designs/plans instruction that develops student abilities to use communication skills, apply core concepts, become self-sufficient individuals, become responsible team members, think and solve problems, and integrate knowledge. 2.1 Develops significant objectives aligned with standards. States learning objectives that reflect key concepts of the discipline and are aligned with local or state standards. Lesson Plans (on demand task). 2.2 Uses contextual data to design instruction relevant to students. Plans and designs instruction based on contextual (i.e., student, community, and/or cultural) and pre-assessment data Lesson Plans (on demand task), RTI Report (on demand task). 2.3 Plans assessments to guide instruction and measure learning objectives Prepares assessments that measure student performance on each objective and help guide teaching. Curriculum Based Assessment Project (project), RTI Report (on demand task), Assessment Report (project), Behavior Change Project (project) Page 6 of 21 Special Education Block 2.4 Plans instructional strategies and activities that address learning objectives for all students. Aligns instructional strategies and activities with learning objectives for all students. Lesson Plans (on demand task), RTI Report (on demand task). 2.5 Plans instructional strategies and activities that facilitate multiple levels of learning. Plans instructional strategies that include several levels of learning that require higher order thinking. Lesson Plans (on demand task), RTI Report (on demand task), STANDARD 3: THE TEACHER CREATES AND MAINTAINS LEARNING CLIMATE The teacher creates a learning climate that supports the development of student abilities to use communication skills, apply core concepts, become self-sufficient individuals, become responsible team members, think and solve problems, and integrate knowledge. 3.1 Communicates high expectations. Sets significant and challenging objectives for students and verbally/nonverbally communicates confidence in students’ ability to achieve these objectives. Lesson plans (on demand task), Observation of teaching (on demand task) 3.2 Establishes a positive learning environment. Establishes clear standards of conduct, shows awareness of student behavior, and responds in ways that are both appropriate and respectful of students. RTI Report (project), Behavior Change Project (project), Lesson Plans (on demand task), Observation (on demand task). 3.3 Values and supports student diversity and addresses individual needs Uses a variety of strategies and methods to supports student diversity by addressing individual needs. RTI Report (project), Behavior Change Project (project), Lesson Plans (on demand task), Observation (on demand task). 3.4 Fosters mutual respect between teacher and students and among students. Treats all students with respect and concern and monitors student interactions to encourage students to treat each other with respect and concern. Observation (on demand task) 3.5 Provides a safe environment for learning Creates a classroom environment that is both emotionally and physically safe for all students. Observation (on demand task) STANDARD 4: THE TEACHER IMPLEMENTS AND MANAGES INSTRUCTION The teacher introduces/implements/manages instruction that develops student abilities to use communication skills, apply core concepts, become self-sufficient individuals, become responsible team members, think and solve problems, and integrate knowledge. 4.1 Uses a variety of instructional strategies that align with learning objectives and actively engage students. Uses a variety of instructional strategies that engage students throughout the lesson on tasks aligned with learning objectives. Page 7 of 21 Special Education Block RTI Report (project), Lesson Plans (on demand task) 4.2 Implements instruction based on diverse student needs and assessment data. Implements instruction based on contextual information and assessment data. RTI Report (project), Behavior Change Project (project), Lesson Plans (on demand task) 4.3 Uses time effectively. Establishes efficient procedures for performing non-instructional tasks, handling materials and supplies, managing transitions, and organizing and monitoring group work so that there is minimal loss of instructional time. Observation (on demand task) 4.4 Uses space and materials effectively. Uses classroom space and materials effectively to facilitate student learning. Observation (on demand task) 4.5 Implements and manages instruction in ways that facilitate higher order thinking. Instruction provides opportunity to promote higher-order thinking. Lesson Plans (on demand task) STANDARD 5: THE TEACHER ASSESSES AND COMMUNICATES LEARNING RESULTS The teacher assesses learning and communicates results to students and others with respect to student abilities to use communication skills, apply core concepts, become selfsufficient individuals, become responsible team members, think and solve problems, and integrate knowledge 5.1 Uses pre-assessments. Uses a variety of pre-assessments to establish baseline knowledge and skills for all students Assessment Report (project), RTI Report (project), Behavior Change Project (project) 5.2 Uses formative assessments Uses a variety of formative assessments to determine each student’s progress and guide instruction. Assessment Report (project), RTI Report (project), Behavior Change Project (project) 5.3 Uses summative assessments. Uses a variety of summative assessments to measure student achievement. Assessment Report (project), RTI Report (project), Behavior Change Project (project) 5.4 Describes, analyzes, and evaluates student performance data. Describes, analyzes, and evaluates student performance data to determine progress of individuals and identify differences in progress among student groups. Assessment Report (project), RTI Report (project), Behavior Change Project (project) 5.6 Allows opportunity for student self-assessment. Promotes opportunities for students to engage in accurate self-assessment of learning. Assessment Report (project), RTI Report (project), Behavior Change Project (project) Page 8 of 21 Special Education Block STANDARD 6: THE TEACHER DEMONSTRATES THE IMPLEMENTATION OF TECHNOLOGY The teacher uses technology to support instruction; access and manipulate data; enhance professional growth and productivity; communicate and collaborate with colleagues, parents, and the community; and conduct research. 6.1 Uses available technology to design and plan instruction. Uses technology to design and plan instruction. Lesson Plans (on demand task) 6.2 Uses available technology to implement instruction that facilitates student learning. Uses technology to implement instruction that facilitates student learning. Lesson Plans (on demand task), Observation (on demand task) 6.3 Integrates student use of available technology into instruction Integrates student use of technology into instruction to enhance learning outcomes and meet diverse student needs. Lesson Plans (on demand task), Observation (on demand task) STANDARD 7: REFLECTS ON AND EVALUATES TEACHING AND LEARNING The teacher reflects on and evaluates specific teaching/learning situations and/or programs. 7.1 Uses data to reflect on and evaluate student learning. Reflects on and accurately evaluates student learning using appropriate data. Behavior Change Project (project), RTI Report (project), Assessment Report (project), Weekly Reflective Journal (on demand task) 7.2 Uses data to reflect on and evaluate instructional practice. Reflects on and accurately evaluates instructional practice using appropriate data. Assessment Report (on demand task), Behavior Change Project (project), RTI Report (project), Weekly Reflective Journal (on demand task) 7.3 Uses data to reflect on and identify areas for professional growth. Identifies areas for professional growth using appropriate data. Professional Growth Plan (on demand task) STANDARD 8: COLLABORATES WITH COLLEAGUES/PARENTS/OTHERS The teacher collaborates with colleagues, parents, and other agencies to design, implement, and support learning programs that develop student abilities to use communication skills, apply core concepts, become self-sufficient individuals, become responsible team members, think and solve problems, and integrate knowledge. 8.1 Identifies students whose learning could be enhanced by collaboration Identifies one or more students whose learning could be enhanced by collaboration and provides an appropriate rationale. RTI Report (project), Weekly Reflective Journal (on demand task) 8.3 Implements planned activities that enhance student learning and engage all parties. Implements planned activities that enhance student learning and engage all parties Lesson Plans (on demand task) Page 9 of 21 Special Education Block STANDARD 9: EVALUATES TEACHING AND IMPLEMENTS PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT. The teacher evaluates his/her overall performance with respect to modeling and teaching Kentucky’s learning goals, refines the skills and processes necessary, and implements a professional development plan. 9.1 Self assesses performance relative to Kentucky’s Teacher Standards. Identifies priority growth areas and strengths by thoroughly and accurately assessing current performance on all the Kentucky Teacher Standards Professional Growth Plan (on demand task), Weekly Reflective Journal (on demand task) 9.2 Identifies priorities for professional development based on data from selfassessment, student performance and feedback from colleagues. Identifies priorities for professional development based on data from self-assessment, student performance and feedback from colleagues. Professional Growth Plan (on demand task), Weekly Reflective Journal (on demand task) 9.3 Designs a professional growth plan that addresses identified priorities. Designs a clear, logical professional growth plan that addresses all priority areas. Professional Growth Plan (on demand task) Additionally, the following course objectives are specifically related to the CEC Knowledge and Skills for Beginning Special Education Teachers taken from What Every Special Educator Must Know: Ethics, Standards and Guidelines for Special Educators (5th Edition). CC = Common Core. GC = General Curriculum (individualized for students with mild/moderate disabilities). K = Knowledge. S = Skill. The teacher candidate in EDU 362, 464, 472, and 473 will demonstrate knowledge and skills in the following areas: CC1K2 CC1K5 CC1K6 GC1K1 GC1K7 GC1K9 CC1S1 GC3S1 GC4K1 Laws, policies, and ethical principles regarding behavior management planning and implementation. Issues in definition and identification of individuals with exceptional learning needs, including those from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. Issues, assurances, and due process rights related to assessment, eligibility, and placement within a continuum of services. Definitions and issues related to the identification of individuals with disabilities. Factors that influence the overrepresentation of culturally/linguistically diverse students in programs for individuals with disabilities. Theory of reinforcement techniques in serving individuals with disabilities. Articulate personal philosophy of special education. Relate levels of support to the needs of the individual. Sources of specialized materials, curricula, and resources for individuals Page 10 of 21 Special Education Block GC4K2 GC4K3 GC4K4 GC4K5 GC4K6 GC4K7 CC4S1 CC4S2 CC4S3 CC4S4 CC4S5 GC4S1 GC4S2 GC4S3 GC4S4 GC4S5 GC4S6 GC4S7 GC4S9 GC4S10 GC4S11 GC4S12 GC4S13 GC4S14 GC4S15 GC4S16 CC5K1 CC5K2 with disabilities. Strategies to prepare for and take tests. Advantages and limitations of instructional strategies and practices for teaching individuals with disabilities. Prevention and intervention strategies for individuals at risk for a disability. Strategies for integrating student-initiated learning experiences into ongoing instruction. Methods for increasing accuracy and proficiency in math calculations and applications. Methods for guiding individuals in identifying and organizing critical content. Use strategies to facilitate integration into various settings. Teach individuals to use self-assessment, problem-solving, and other cognitive strategies to meet their needs. Select, adapt, and use instructional strategies and materials according to characteristics of the individual with exceptional learning needs. Use strategies to facilitate maintenance and generalization of skills across learning environments. Use procedures to increase the individual’s self-awareness, selfmanagement, self-control, self-reliance, and self-esteem. Use research-supported methods for academic and nonacademic instruction of individuals with disabilities. Use strategies from multiple theoretical approaches for individuals with disabilities. Teach learning strategies and study skills to acquire academic content. Use reading methods appropriate to individuals with disabilities. Use methods to teach mathematics appropriate to the individuals with disabilities. Modify pace of instruction and provide organizational cures. Use appropriate adaptations and technology for all individuals with disabilities. Use a variety of nonaversive techniques to control targeted behavior and maintain attention of individuals with disabilities. Identify and teach basic structures and relationships within and across curricula. Use instructional methods to strengthen and compensate for deficits in perception, comprehension, memory, and retrieval. Use responses and errors to guide instructional decisions and provide feedback to learners. Identify and teach essential concepts, vocabulary, and content across the general curriculum. Implement systematic instruction in teaching reading comprehension and monitoring strategies. Teach strategies for organizing and composing written products. Implement systematic instruction to teach accuracy, fluency, and comprehension in content area reading and written language. Demands of learning environments. Basic classroom management theories and strategies for individuals with Page 11 of 21 Special Education Block CC5K3 CC5K6 CC5K7 GC5K2 GC5K3 CC5S1 CC5S2 CC5S3 CC5S4 CC5S5 CC5S6 CC5S7 CC5S10 CC5S11 CC5S12 CC5S15 GC5S3 GC6S1 GC6S2 GC6S3 GC6S4 CC7K1 CC7K2 CC7K3 CC7K5 GC7K1 GC7K3 GC7K4 CC7S1 CC7S2 exceptional learning needs. Effective management of teaching and learning. Strategies for crisis prevention and intervention. Strategies for preparing individuals to live harmoniously and productively in a culturally diverse world. Adaptation of the physical environment to provide optimal learning opportunities for individuals with disabilities. Methods for ensuring individual academic success in one-to-one, smallgroup, and large-group settings. Create a safe, equitable, positive, and supportive learning environment in which diversities are valued. Identify realistic expectations for personal and social behavior in various settings. Identify supports needed for integration into various program placements. Design learning environments that encourage active participation in individual and group activities. Modify the learning environment to manage behaviors. Use performance data and information from all stakeholders to make or suggest modifications in learning environments. Establish and maintain rapport with individuals with and without exceptional learning needs. Use effective and varied behavior management strategies. Use the least intensive behavior management strategy consistent with the needs of the individual with exceptional learning needs. Design and manage daily routines. Structure, direct, and support the activities of paraeducators, volunteers, and tutors. Plan instruction in a variety of educational settings. Enhance vocabulary development. Teach strategies for spelling accuracy and generalization. Teach individuals with disabilities to monitor for errors in oral and written language. Teach methods and strategies for producing legible documents. Theories and research that form the basis of curriculum development and instructional practice. Scope and sequences of general and special curricula. National, state or provincial, and local curricula standards. Roles and responsibilities of the paraeducator related to instruction, intervention, and direct service. Integrate academic instruction and behavior management for individuals and groups with disabilities. Interventions and services for children who may be at risk for learning disabilities. Relationships among disabilities and reading instruction. Identify and prioritize areas of the general curriculum and accommodations for individuals with exceptional learning needs. Develop and implement comprehensive, longitudinal individualized Page 12 of 21 Special Education Block CC7S3 CC7S4 CC7S5 CC7S6 CC7S10 CC7S11 CC7S12 CC7S13 GC7S1 GC7S2 GC7S3 GC7S8 CC8K1 CC8K2 CC8K3 CC8K4 CC8K5 GC8K2 GC8K3 GC8K4 CC8S1 CC8S2 CC8S3 CC8S4 CC8S5 CC8S6 CC8S7 CC8S8 CC8S9 GC8S1 GC8S2 GC8S3 programs in collaboration with team members. Involve the individual and family in setting instructional goals and monitoring progress. Use functional assessments to develop intervention plans. Use task analysis. Sequence, implement, and evaluate individualized learning objectives. Prepare lesson plans. Prepare and organize materials to implement daily lesson plans. Use instructional time effectively. Make responsive adjustments to instruction based on continual observations. Plan and implement individualized reinforcement systems and environmental modifications at levels equal to the intensity of the behavior. Select and use specialized instructional strategies appropriate to the abilities and needs of the individual. Plan and implement age- and ability-appropriate instruction for individuals with disabilities. Design, implement, and evaluate instructional programs that enhance social participation across environments. Basic terminology used in assessment. Legal provisions and ethical principles regarding assessment of individuals. Screening, prereferral, referral, and classification procedures. Use and limitations of assessment instruments. National, state or provincial, and local accommodations and modifications. Laws and policies regarding referral and placement procedures for individuals with disabilities. Types and importance of information concerning individuals with disabilities available from families and public agencies. Procedures for early identification of young children who may be at risk for disabilities. Gather relevant background information. Administer nonbiased formal and informal assessments. Use technology to conduct assessments. Develop or modify individualized assessment strategies. Interpret information from formal and informal assessments. Use assessment information in making eligibility, program, and placement decisions for individuals with exceptional learning needs, including those from culturally and/or linguistically diverse backgrounds. Report assessment results to all stakeholders using effective communication skills. Evaluate instruction and monitor progress of individuals with exceptional learning needs. Create and maintain records. Implement procedures for assessing and reporting both appropriate and problematic social behaviors of individuals with disabilities. Use exceptionality-specific assessment instruments with individuals with disabilities. Select, adapt and modify assessments to accommodate the unique abilities and needs of individuals with disabilities. Page 13 of 21 Special Education Block GC8S5 CC9K3 CC9K4 CC9S1 CC9S2 CC9S8 CC9S9 CC9S11 CC9S12 GC9S1 CC10S2 CC10S8 Monitor intragroup behavior changes across subjects and activities. Continuum of lifelong professional development. Methods to remain current regarding research-validated practice. Practice within the CEC Code of Ethics and other standards of the profession. Uphold high standards of competence and integrity and exercise sound judgment in the practice of the professional. Use verbal, nonverbal, and written language effectively. Conduct self-evaluation of instruction. Reflect on one’s practice to improve instruction and guide professional growth. Engage in professional activities that benefit individuals with exceptional learning needs, their families, and one’s colleagues. Participate in the activities of professional organizations relevant to individuals with disabilities. Collaborate with families and others in assessment of individuals with exceptional learning needs. Model techniques and coach others in the use of instructional methods and accommodations. BIBLIOGRAPHY Baer, D.M., Wolf. M.M., & Risley, T.R. (1968). Some current dimensions of applied behavior analysis. Journal of Applied behavior Analysis, 1, (1), 91-97. Bos, C.S. & Vaughn, S. (2006). Strategies for teaching students with learning and behavior problems (6th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc. Bradley, R., Danielson, L., & Doolittle, J. (2007). Responsiveness to intervention: 1997-2007, Teaching Exceptional Children, 39, (5), 8-12. Bruno, R.M. & Walker, S.C. (1998-99). Monograph: Assessment for the new decade. Diagnositque, 24 (1-4). Biszyn, T & Borich, G. (2000). Educational Testing and Measurement: Classroom application and practice 6th Edition. New York: Wiley Burns, M.K., & VanDerHeyden, A.M. (2006). Assessment of effective intervention: Using response to intervention to assess learning disabilities, Special Issue, 32, (1), 3-64. Cohen, L.G. & Spenciner, L.J., (1998). 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Remedial techniques in basic school subjects. Austin, TX: ProEd. Foorman, B.R. (2007). Primary prevention in classroom reading instruction, Teaching Exceptional Children, 39, (5), 24-30. Friend, M. & Cook, L. (2007). Interactions: Collaboration skills for school professionals (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education Inc. Fuchs, L.S., & Fuchs, D. (2007). A model for implementing responsiveness to intervention, Teaching Exceptional Children, 39, (5), 14-20. Gelzheiser, L.M., Solar, R.A., Shephard, M.J., & Wozniak, R.H. (1983). Teaching learning disabled children to memorize: A rationale for plans and practice. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 16, (4), 421-425. Page 15 of 21 Special Education Block Good, R.H. & Kaminski, R.A. (2003) Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills. Longmont, CA. Sopris West. Gordon, S.G., & Dyches, T.T. (2000). Guide to writing quality Individualized education programs: What’s best for students with disabilities? Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon. Graham, S., & Johnson, L.A. (1989). Teaching reading to learning disabled students: A review of research-supported procedures. Focus On Exceptional Children, 21, (6), 1-12. Hammill, D.D. , Brown, L. & Bryan, B. (1992). A Guide to Tests in Print: 2nd Edition. Austin, TX: Pro-Ed. Heckelman R.G. (1969). A neurological-impress method of remedial-reading instruction. Academic Therapy, 4, (4), 277-282. Hoover, J.J. & Patton, J.R. (1997). Curriculum adaptations for students with learning and behavior problems: Principles and practices. Austin, TX: PRO-ED. Kame’enui, E.J. (2007). A new paradigm: Responsiveness to intervention, Teaching Exceptional Children, 39, (5), 6-7. Jensen, W.R. Rhode, G. & Reavis, H.K. (1994). The tough kid toolbox. Longmont, CO: Sopris West. Koorland, M.A., Monda, L.E.,& Vail, C.O. (1988). Recording behavior with ease. Teaching Exceptional Children, 21, (1), 59-60. Leon, J.A., & Pepe, H.J. (1983). Self-instructional training: Cognitive behavior modification for remediating arithmetic deficits. Exceptional Children, 50, (1), 54-60. Loper, A.B. (1980). Metacognitive development: Implications for cognitive training. Exceptional Education Quarterly, 1, (1), 1-8. Lopez-Reyna, N.A., Bay, M. & Patrikakou, E.M. (1996). Use of assessment procedures: Learning disabilities teachers' perspectives. Diagnostique, 21, (2), 35-49. McLouglin, J. & Lewis, R. (2005). Assessing Special Students. 6th edition. Columbus: Merrill,PrenticeHall. Merrill, K.W. (1994). Assessment of Behavioral, Social and Emotional Problems. White Plains: Longman. O’Connor, R. (2007). Responsive to intervention and learning disabilities, New Times for DLD, 25, (1), 1-2. Overton, T., (2006).Assessing Learners with Special Needs: An Applied Approach. 5th Edition. Columbus, OH: Merrill-Prentice Hall. Pierangelo, R. & Guliani, G.A. (2002) Assessment in Special Education: a practical approach . Boston, MA. Allyn & Bacon. Reid, D.K., Hresko, W.P., & Swanson, H.L. (1996). Cognitive approaches to learning Page 16 of 21 Special Education Block disabilities 3rd Edition. Austin, TX: PRO-ED. Rivera, D.P. & Smith, D.D. (1997). Teaching students with learning and behavior problems 3rd Edition. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon. Salvia, J. & Hughes, C. (1990) Curriculum-Based Assessment: Testing What Is Taught. New York, NY: MacMillan. Salvia, J. & Ysseldyke,J.E. (2007). Assessment in Special and Remedial Education. 10th Edition. Boston, MA: Houghton, Mifflin. Scruggs, T.E., & Mastropieri, M.A. (1990). Mnemonic instruction for students with learning disabilities: What it is and what it does. Learning Disability Quarterly, 13, 271-280. Shippen, M.E., Simpson, R.G., & Crites, S.A. (2003). A practical guide to functional behavior assessment. Teaching Exceptional Children, 35(5), 36-44. Sparzo, F.J. (1999). The ABC’s of behavior change. Bloomington, IN: Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation. Sparzo, F.J., & Walker, S.C. (2004). Managing behavior in the inclusive classroom. In J.S Choate (Ed.) Successful inclusive teaching: Proven ways to detect and correct special needs (4th Edition). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon. Sprick,R. & Howard. L.M. (1995). The teacher’s encyclopedia of behavior management. Longmont, CO: Sopris West. Stecker, P.M. (2007). Tertiary intervention: Using progress monitoring with intensive services, Teaching Exceptional Children, 39, (5), 50-57. Sutton, J.P. & Walker, S.C. (1999). A diagnostician's primer on functional behavioral assessment. Diagnostique, 25 (1), 45-57. Tomas, C.C., Correa, V.I, & Morsink, C.V. (1995). Interactive teaming: Consultation and collaboration in special programs. 2nd edition. Columbus, OH: Merrill. Torgesen, J.K. (1980). Conceptual and educational implications of the use of efficient task strategies by learning disabled children. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 13, (7), 19-26. Vaughn, S., & Roberts, G. (2007). Secondary interventions in reading, Teaching Exceptional Children, 39, (5), 40-46. Venn, J.J. (2000). Assessing Students with Special Needs. 2nd Edition. Columbus, OH: Merrill-Prentice Hall. Wall, J.E., Walz, G. R. (Eds.) (2004) Measuring UP: Assessment issues for teachers, counselors and administrators. Austin, TX. Pro-Ed. Weber, J. & Scheuermann, B. (1991). Accentuate the positive...Eliminate the Page 17 of 21 Special Education Block negative. Teaching Exceptional Children, 24, (1), 13-19. Wendling BJ. & Mather, N (2002). WJII University Training Package CD . Chicago: Riverside PublishingHoughton Miifflin. ADDITIONAL GUIDELINES FOR EACH COURSE IN THE SPECIAL EDUCATION BLOCK GUIDELINES FOR EDS 362 ABA Application Activities: ABA Application Activities will be provided from time to time to permit you an opportunity to test your new knowledge and apply it to real life. These activities will be provided in class and the due date will typically be one week later. These activities will take between 15 minutes and an hour to complete. Directions for each activity will be on the assignment and also explained in class. If you should miss class, be sure to check to see if an application activity was assigned when getting course notes from a colleague. Online Chapter Quizzes: Go to the Bb site for EDS 362 and you will find the chapter quizzes under each topic category (Foundations, Data Collection, etc.). Download, print the quiz, complete it, and bring it to class on the date that the topic is discussed (see the calendar for additional details). Quizzes: You will have several in class quizzes that will test and confirm your knowledge and application of ABA principles and procedures. These quizzes will be rigorous and require a thorough knowledge of the terms and procedures. You will be expected to learn the language of your profession. ABA concepts are difficult for some, and so a careful reading of your text and good attendance is typically necessary to do well on these quizzes. ABA Project: The Behavior Change Project Report is a summary of your efforts to modify the social and/or academic behavior of a child using Applied Behavior Analysis (contingency management). The report has 6 sections and each should be labeled with the heading noted below in boldface. A description and/or example of your work with the child should then follow (where appropriate some items may appear in the appendices). SECTION I: SUBJECT AND SETTING Briefly describe the important and relevant characteristics of the subject and the important features of the environment in which the project was implemented. For example, note the child’s age, grade level, very briefly describe the nature of the problem in the context of the classroom (regular, resource, number of other students, number of adults, length of class, academic subjects typically covered, etc) while the behavior change project was in effect. Also, if the behavior you Page 18 of 21 Special Education Block plan to help the child modify is an inappropriate behavior, be sure to formally or informally note the function that the maladaptive behavior serves for the child (prior to intervention). Describe how you discovered the function. SECTION II: BEHAVIORAL DEFINITION The behavior must be defined and described in observable and measurable terms. In this section you are to specifically pinpoint the behavior and provide examples and nonexamples of the behavior. (This is a very important and sometimes a difficult step - take care and seek assistance if needed). CAUTION: THIS IS NOT A BEHAVIORAL OBJECTIVE! If you are unsure of the difference between a behavioral definition and an objective - seek assistance before continuing. This task MUST be completed BEFORE you take baseline data. SECTION III: DATA COLLECTION SYSTEM The data recording system should be described in sufficient detail so that the reader could replicate the procedure without any questions. In this section, describe exactly what was measured, exactly how it was measured, and any type of recording forms or other equipment used. Be certain to specifically name the data collection system selected, i.e. event recording, time sampling, permanent product, ...etc. In the text of the report (or in an appendix) be sure to include examples of forms you used to record or summarize the data or present pictures, drawings, or other representations of how the data was gathered. Describe the system used in sufficient detail so that it could be replicated by anyone reading your report. SECTION IV: PROCEDURES Describe in specific detail the procedures you used during the baseline and treatment phases of the project. Specifically describe when and under what conditions reinforcers and/or punishers were delivered. Describe how the project was initially presented to the subject, how contingencies were established and explained to the subject, and any other relevant details of the treatment program. Explanations should be very specific and in sufficient detail that someone reading your explanation could reliably replicate the procedures used. Part or all of this section can (if appropriate) be presented in a sequence much like a recipe. Be complete and be sure to include thorough descriptions of both the baseline and the treatment phases of your project. One criteria that I will use to evaluate this section is whether I could do what you did (replicate it) from the description you provide. One additional absolute requirement for the project is the REQUIRED use of some type of reinforcer that is to be provided contingently upon the child meeting specific program/project behavior change goals. The reinforcer may be primary or secondary, and may be among those (like grades) that are considered part of the natural contingencies, but the child must demonstrate that they have learned the relationship between the delivery of the reward and a change in the target behavior. In other words, there MUST be a contingency in place in this behavior change program. SECTION V: EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Identify the single subject design utilized in your behavior change experiment and defend your selection. For example, did you use an AB design, changing criterion, or a multiple baseline? Provide a thoughtful rationale for your selection of the design. Page 19 of 21 Special Education Block SECTION VI: RESULTS & DISCUSSION Report and discuss what happened as a result of this experiment and present your data on a graph. This is your chance to “explain away” data that does not “fit”, or how confounding variables interfered with your project. You must present a graph that is constructed and labeled according to the procedures and guidelines presented in this class (see your supplemental materials on BB for additional information and models). Typically, the graph is included in the appendices. For this assignment, you may only submit hand drawn graphs. No computer-generated graphs will be accepted. Other Important Information: 1. The report must be typed (double-spaced). 2. Graphs, sample data collection sheets, work samples, photos, and other examples of your work should be discussed/described in the text of the paper and examples referred to and presented in the appendices. 3. All pages should be numbered and stapled together or bound with a binder clip. Please do not use plastic page covers for this assignment. 4. Consider having someone proof read your work for spelling, grammar, and clarity. We will have an in-class peer critique the week before the project due date. 5. PLEASE follow these guidelines - your grade depends in part on presenting your project and the results in this format. 6. Keep the project simple - select a behavior that you believe you can be successful on your first application of ABA techniques. This project need not deal with inappropriate behavior – in fact, excellent projects based on increasing academic performance can also be attempted. In either case, be sure that you have described the treatment and the contingencies very thoroughly. If you select an academic behavior to change, be sure that you are careful in how you define the behavior that you plan to measure. Specifically, be careful not to set up a contingency that is unethical such as “if you read faster, then I will give you extra minutes of recess”. If there is an underlying learning disability, this is an obviously inappropriate contingency. On the other hand, if you say, “if you practice your sight words with me for 15 minutes using our new VAKT approach, then you can earn extra minutes of recess” - that is certainly appropriate. The data you collect may in fact be related to the child’s knowledge of sight words, but in the later example the contingency is ethical and reasonable because it deals with a behavior that is directly under the control of the child and the environment. If you are unsure if you are using an ethical contingency, be sure to discuss it with me. I am certain that we can find a way to ensure that you can provide the treatment you wish to use with an appropriate and ethical contingency. 7. If you have problems or concerns - PLEASE ASK me for assistance. Talking “ABA” with my students is one of the things I enjoy most about my work! Attendance and Participation in EDS362: Good attendance is expected. If you anticipate a high number of missed classes, please drop this entire block and retake it when you can make a more consistent commitment to your studies and your professional preparation. If you must miss a class due to an illness or emergency, be sure to get a copy of class notes from a colleague and check for any assignments that may have been given during your absence. Page 20 of 21 Special Education Block GUIDELINES FOR EDS 464 Records Review Report: 15 points Due September 26 You will review the records of one student in your practicum placement. It is critical that you follow the school’s guidelines regarding access to the student’s file in completing this assignment. You will be reviewing the records to see how the provisions of IDEA regarding assessment, eligibility and IEP’s have been implemented. Specific information that you need to find will be provided in class. Instrument Review/Sharing: 25 points Due September 19 This assignment should be completed with a partner. You will be assigned a published assessment instrument to review in terms of quality and usefulness. Specific guidelines will be provided in class. You will be expected to share information about the instrument with your classmates, so that they can decide if it would provide a means for gathering information they need with their student(s). For that sharing, you will need a one page handout. Specifics about the one page handout, as well as the complete assignment will be given to you. Tape of Norm-referenced assessment administration, including protocol and selfassessment and critique: 15 points Due on or before October 10 You are expected to use norm-referenced assessments with one student in your practicum setting. Early in your completion of the assessment, audiotape your administration of at least part of one instrument (a minimum of 30 minutes of tape is needed). Once you have completed the taping, review the tape and determine if you have correctly followed the procedures for standardized test administration discussed in class. Also review the student record form to ensure that you have completed it correctly. Write a brief reflection of your administration and scoring indicating what you did well and what you should have done differently. Please turn this tape, protocol and self-assessment in as soon as possible in the semester to me, so that feedback, if needed, can be provided as you complete the requirements for this course. Curriculum Based Assessment 25 points Due October 31 You will be developing a curriculum based assessment instrument for a specific area of the curriculum. This may be completed individually or in a small group (up to four) depending on the scope of the curriculum for which you would like to develop assessment materials. As you begin to work with a student in your practicum, think of the curricular area for which you might want to gather additional information. More details about this assignment will be provided in class. Child Study: Assessment Report, including protocols and Curriculum Based Measurement 100 points Due December 9 (draft due December 5) You will be completing the assessment of a child in your practicum. This child study assessment report is the final report of the assessment information you gather in your practicum setting related to a specific child. This assessment should include a background section that is a brief summary of your records review, norm referenced assessment of Page 21 of 21 Special Education Block reading, writing, mathematics, oral language and written language skills. Observations and other informal methods of data collection in those areas, as well as behavior and learning strategies should be done. As you complete the norm-referenced assessment, turn protocols, so that your raw scores can be checked prior to determining other scores. The completed protocols with scoring completed must be included with the child study report. See the specific document regarding report format. Attendance and Participation: Various activities will be conducted in class to help you successfully complete the above assignment. Therefore, attendance is essential. Please call me, if an emergency prevents you from attending class, and be sure to get the notes. GUIDELINES FOR EDS 472 Attendance and Participation (36 points) Attendance and participation are important as we embark upon learning new material to help you become the teacher you would like to be. For each day of attendance, you will receive two points, totaling 28 points. Partial attendance is equivalent to a partial point (For example, 1/2 missed class period equals 1 attendance point). Part of participation is completing the required reading. The text is used as a supportive resource for what we will be discussing in class. It was chosen because it provides the reader with multiple strategies to support the “science” part of teaching, such as researched based instructional techniques. There is a reading assignment due almost every day of class. The text is unique because it provides a web site students can access for additional resources (www.prenhall.com/mercer). You are encouraged to explore these resources throughout the course, even if they are not specifically assigned. Aside from reading the text, eight additional points can be earned periodically throughout the semester by completing small in-class and out-of-class assignments, making a total of 36 points possible for attendance and participation. (20 points) Statement of Beliefs A teacher’s philosophy and underlying beliefs of teaching are always evolving as new knowledge and skills are acquired and insights gained. One’s beliefs about teaching and learning are the foundation of all that the teacher does, demonstrating one’s beliefs through actions when designing and implementing instruction. Write a belief statement about your core beliefs that you will carry with you into your life as a special education teacher. Reflect on previous courses and experiences, as well as the specific components listed below from Chapter 2 in the Mercer and Mercer text: Large group instruction Small group instruction One-to-one instruction Peer Tutoring Cooperative Learning Independent Seatwork Page 22 of 21 Special Education Block Technology Homework Scheduling We will use what you write as the foundation for upcoming assignments, so be descriptive. Provide specific examples of how you will demonstrate your beliefs in the classroom, using the information in Mercer and Mercer to support your ideas. Be sure to reference particular passages in the text, listing page numbers when applicable, to demonstrate your point (see scoring guide). (15 points) Classroom Design As a classroom teacher, you will be expected to design a classroom, creating a positive learning environment for students. Based on components learned in class and the desired grade level at which you would like to teach, create a visual layout for a classroom that allows for teacher visibility, resource accessibility, and reduces distractions for students. Be sure to provide a key to denote specific articles in the room such as student desks, book- shelves, garbage cans, and audio-visual equipment. After creating a map of your dream classroom, write a brief summary describing how this room arrangement design supports your Belief Statement. For example, if you feel that peer tutoring is important, explain how that belief is reflected in your student desk arrangement (see scoring guide). (15 points) Classroom Budget As a classroom teacher, you will have the opportunity to select and purchase materials for your classroom. Based on your philosophy of teaching and desired grade level, outline purchases you would prioritize to maximize student learning, staying within the agreed upon budget. When making purchase decisions, pay particular attention to issues of cultural diversity and learning differences, making decisions that are age appropriate to the level of class you expect to teach. Make copies of actual items when possible, or provide a detailed description of the item to be purchased (see scoring guide). Learning Station (26 points) One of the areas of expertise that a special education teacher needs to have is in researchbased instructional techniques to enhance the learning of students with disabilities. As a means for learning about various instructional strategies, you will investigate a specific instructional strategy in the text to share with the rest of the class as a learning station activity. The learning station activity should be interactive in nature, effectively teaching and providing practice in a research-based strategy. The station should last 10 minutes for a small group of 5-6 students. Students in the class will rotate among stations, so be prepared with enough materials for every member of the class to use at some point during the station teaching. As the teacher for the station, you will be expected to provide some direct instruction, written instructions, examples or models, and an activity that gets students actively engaged in learning. You may either design the station to teach college students about a specific strategy, or you may design the station as if it would be used by P-12 students, Page 23 of 21 Special Education Block having college students act as children engaged in the station, using a particular strategy to learn. (see scoring guide for details) Professional Growth Plan (25 points) At the end of the semester, you will be asked to develop and turn in a Professional Growth Plan based on the skills you feel you need to further develop in order to become the type of teacher you would like to be. Throughout the semester, use the Skills Checklist provided to document when and how you have demonstrated proficiency of a particular skill. This checklist will be what you use to identify areas of need as the first step of your Professional Growth Plan. The plan will be graded based on the following criteria: ¾ Filled out CEC skills checklist in a thoughtful manner, considering course work, practicum, and life experiences when documenting experiences. ¾ Areas of need are clearly identified. ¾ Direct connections made between missing experiences or skills on skills checklist and targets for growth on PGP. ¾ Realistic goals are set based on the needs outlined. ¾ Activities are thoroughly described, including a timeline when applicable, for achieving the desired goals. ¾ Overall Professional Growth Plan demonstrates a deep reflection on the student’s strengths and areas of need. (see scoring guide) (75 points) Response to Intervention Report As a special education teacher, you will be involved on many child study teams, looking for information to design effective instruction for individual students. Often times, you will be asked to write a report of your findings, either to be included in a multi-factored evaluation, as part of an IEP, or part of an intervention assistance team. To help prepare you for this responsibility, you will conduct a child study with an individual student assigned by your supervising teacher and write up your findings in a Response to Intervention Report. Over the course of the semester, you will have opportunities to work one-on-one with this student, investigating her/his strengths and areas of need, and trying a variety of instructional techniques to see which ones are the most effective for helping this student. It is preferred that the student with whom you will be working be the same student on which you are focusing for your ABA and Assessment course work. However, it may be possible to work with a different student for this report if necessary. Using the information gathered by trying different teaching techniques and ongoing progress monitoring, you will write up a formal, professional report sharing your findings concerning the instructional strategies that appeared to be the most effective with your student, and why. The report should be written in a professional manner, focusing on the student’s strengths. The RTI Report has four (4) parts. Each part MUST be clearly labeled and professionally organized such as in 3 sections of a small binder, or in 4 separately labeled folders. A description of the 4 parts follows: Page 24 of 21 Special Education Block Part #1: Titled: EDS 472 Response to Intervention Report: SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS At the top of the page please be sure to include the name of the child, the date the report was written, the child’s birth date and chronological age, and your name. The narrative summary MUST begin with the following statement: This response to intervention report was prepared by an undergraduate student enrolled in a Special Education Methods course at Northern Kentucky University, and should be interpreted accordingly. The information in this report was gathered over a relatively short period of time with limited hours spent with this child. Therefore, the suggestions and information shared herein should only be ideas to support further investigation into the learning strategies which could be used to best facilitate the learning of this child. Questions regarding the contents of this report may be directed to Dr. Missy Jones, College of Education at NKU (859-572-1423). Background Information: This section should be a very brief summary of what you know about the child from the records review you conducted in your assessment course, information provided by your supervising teacher, and any other assessment data that was available to you. This section should be titled “Background Information”. In this section, be sure to describe the services the student receives, the Least Restrictive Environment, and the strengths, interests, and concerns related to this student’s learning. Do not be specific in terms of any data that is legally protected (e.g. IQ or Achievement data). The first paragraphs of your report should begin with the following type of statement: Billy Bob receives special education services for a learning disability in the area of reading and written expression. In particular, he struggles with reading fluency and reading comprehension. He has received special education services for three years, and most of those services are delivered in the general education classroom setting. His teacher reported concern over an increased gap between his skills and those of his peers as he continues to struggle with reading content material independently. Billy Bob’s teacher also reports that his difficulties with organization have further hindered his progress. His interests include robotics and anything related to science, as well as video games. He is particularly adept at socializing with his peers, but is a bit shy when it comes to talking with adults. Problem Definition and Analysis: Following the background summary, state in specific, measurable terms the academic area prioritized for intervention, along with a statement of the problem analysis, or a hypothesis of why the problem is occurring. Two examples follow: After having read a grade level passage, Billy Bob correctly answers only 2 out of 5 comprehension questions about the passage because he has a limited sight word vocabulary, forcing him to sound out most of the words he is reading, resulting in poor reading comprehension. -OR- Page 25 of 21 Special Education Block Given a math worksheet with mixed signs, Billy Bob averages 60% correct because he is unable to determine the appropriate math operations to use when solving problems. Academic Goal(s): In this section, provide a goal statement, describing what the intended outcomes were for the instructional interventions provided. Consider what alternatives to the problem issue you had hoped to see occur. An example follows: In order to improve Billy Bob’s reading comprehension difficulties, a goal for increasing his sight word vocabulary was established. The goal was: Given a list of sight words from his spoken vocabulary, Billy Bob will correctly identify 20 sight words independently by November 16, 2008. -ORTo help with Billy Bob’s math reasoning, a goal was generated, focusing on his ability to choose the appropriate math operations. Choosing operations was considered more important than correct answers because he could not do the latter without being able to determine the appropriate math approach to take. His goal was: When given a set of mixed math problems, Billy Bob will choose the correct math operations to use in 4 of 5 opportunities. Instructional Strategies Implemented: A general overall description of the individualized instruction provided as part of this practicum should follow in a section titled “Instructional Strategies Implemented.” This section should begin with an introductory statement that will read something like the following example: Billy Bob received 1:1 tutoring for 45 minutes a minimum of two days a week over a 12week period. During this individualized tutoring, a variety of teaching and learning techniques were attempted with Billy Bob to address his difficulties with reading and then these strategies were evaluated for their effectiveness. These strategies included cognitive strategies such as first letter mnemonics and self-questions. The use of visual cues such as … and … were attempted etc…. ***Please note that this is only an example. You may not have tried cognitive strategies, mnemonics, self-questions, or visual cues. Adjust this statement based on the strategies that you specifically tried. Assessment of Learning Results: This next section should include a narrative describing some specific observations related to the child’s reaction to the learning approaches tried, as in this example: Based on an analysis of work samples and a teacher observation checklist, it was found that Billy Bob experienced greatest success when provided with a multi-sensory approach to learning… for example he … 70 % of the time when presented with … However, Billy Bob only completed… 55% of the time when presented information in a paper/pencil format. These observations should be validated with mention of the progress monitoring system that was used and specific data collected. Page 26 of 21 Special Education Block Considerations for Future Instruction: Lastly, make some recommendations for future instruction based on the experiences you described above. Title this section “Considerations for Future Instruction.” Consider what you have learned about the child’s learning and processing style as well as the child’s strengths and interests. How might others use this information to provide support to the child in areas besides the academic skill focused on during the summer clinic? For example, if the child was able to master her multiplication tables using a rhyme with a distinct rhythm, how might this be used to help the student remember other important facts such as in history or science? The following is an example transition statement to be used: Billy Bob seems to perform best when reading material is ….. Given this information, it may be helpful to … when teaching Billy Bob to … ** Write to report as well as to educate the reader on the procedures used that had the greatest positive effect on learning (say what you mean, and describe what you say in everyday language). Thoroughly describe the strategies that you used, particularly those that were the most effective. *** Keep in mind that these teaching and learning factors are dynamic and may be situational, so you should be specific, but describe with qualifiers. Avoid definitive statements. Instead, write your summary and recommendations using such phrases as Billy seemed to respond to… or In this one-on-one situation, Billy was able to… In these tutoring sessions, you will discover a great deal about the child, but will actually know very little about how she/he will react to these same methods in the context of a regular classroom. Please keep this in mind as you write the report. Part #2: Titled: FORMATIVE EVALUATION DATA The only thing that MUST be in this section is at least one graph of academic or behavioral data that represents the student’s progress during the course of the practicum, beginning with baseline data and ending with the student’s current level of performance during the last week of tutoring. The graph should be constructed and labeled correctly. There should be sufficient information on the graph for someone not familiar with the work you have been doing to easily pick up your graph and determine student progress. Hint: Consider this the illustration to the story you wrote in the first section of the RTI report. If desired, you may also include work samples, ongoing performance data and charts of progress, results of comprehension checks (if appropriate), and summaries of any pre and post data that was collected. You may also submit anecdotal records, photographs, or other evidence of student performance, although these are not required. Part #3: Titled: Individualized Education Program. Based on your knowledge of the child from the practicum experience, complete an IEP using the current Kentucky state approved forms in the proper format. (If you teach in another state, please notify the instructor). More information on the forms will be provided in class. Using the data you collected, generate a present level of academic achievement and functional performance, Page 27 of 21 Special Education Block one goal, 2 objectives, and evaluation criteria, as well as services needed to support this learner in the general education curriculum. Part #4: Titled Lesson Plans. Throughout your practicum, you will be expected to design effective lessons using evidence-based practices in order to meet the learning needs of students with disabilities. Choose three quality lessons that you implemented which describe the implementation of instruction for some of the most effective strategies tried during the field experience. Using the KTIP lesson plan format, include correctly written objectives, a thorough description of procedures and an assessment that matches the objectives. Each lesson should conclude with a thoughtful impact and reflection, demonstrating the ability to match instruction to learner strengths, and to change instruction based on learner needs. Each of the first three sections of the report are worth 12 points, with the fourth section worth 11 points. Additional points will be awarded based on the professional presentation of the report, including the following: • • Part #1 of the RTI Report MUST be typed and adhere to the required format. Students are strongly urged to use a word processor so that corrections, additions, and deletions can be made at the last minute. • Good quality paper and clear, readable copies of Part #1 are expected. • Use of proper English usage, grammar, spelling, and writing style are VERY important, particularly for Part #1. This part of the report will be shared with others, including the child’s teacher or other educators, and it will have your name on it. Please keep that in mind as you write. • Descriptions of techniques must be included in the report so that the reader can understand the nature of the method you used and have sufficient information such as references of materials, etc. If successful, these methods may be used by parents and teachers, so be complete in your descriptions! *(see RTI rubric for more specific scoring details) GUIDELINES FOR EDS 473 Weekly Reflective Journal Every week that you are scheduled to be in a practicum field site, you will be expected to write a reflection based on your experiences at that site. The journal reflections will be submitted by the date indicated on the course calendar. When writing your journals, reflect on something that you have learned, experienced, question, or are frustrated by. Each journal should be in the following format: What?; So what?; and Now what? 1) What happened? When answering this question, briefly describe something that occurred in the classroom or school that has triggered some thought for you. Page 28 of 21 Special Education Block For example, you might choose to reflect on something a student said to you, or something you heard in the teacher’s lounge, a lesson you taught or observed someone else teaching, an interaction among students, a discrepancy between something you read or learned about in class and something you observed… 2) So What? When answering this question, explain what significance this experience has. Why did it affect you? What difference does it make? 3) Now What? In the final section of your reflection, describe the implications of what occurred and what you might do differently as a result, either the next day or when you become a teacher. Each reflection will be scored based on the following criteria: ¾ Summary of what happened is clear and concise. ¾ The significance of the experience is explained thoroughly. ¾ Implications are thoroughly explored, demonstrating a deep reflection of the instructional impact on student achievement and learning and/or on future educational practices. ¾ Journal reflections demonstrate a concerted effort on the part of the student to understand the educational environment, being an example of the student’s ability to learn from her or his experiences and adapt accordingly. ¾ Reflections demonstrate the student’s sensitivity to differences in abilities, modes of contribution, and social and cultural backgrounds of both students and educators. Weekly Overview A form will be provided so you can let us know what activities you will be engaged in the next week. If you are submitting a lesson plan for one or both of those days, then you can just note that on the form and no other information will be required. Lesson Plans A daily lesson plan should be written each time you plan to work with a student or a group of students, and these lesson plans should follow the guidelines and models that will be provided in class. For grading purposes, a minimum of four lesson plans must be submitted (for EDS 473) although you may submit others or be asked to submit more if necessary to demonstrate mastery of lesson planning. Please see the semester calendar for due dates. Each lesson plan will be scored based on the following criteria: ¾ Goals and objectives written in specific, observable, measurable terms ¾ Strategies thoroughly outlined and presented in a sequential order with each new skill building upon the last. ¾ Strategies include a variety of techniques that best meet the learner’s needs. ¾ All materials being used are listed and readily available during instruction. ¾ A plan to measure learner progress and strategy effectiveness is outlined with specific sources of data identified. This plan is directly related to the goals and objectives identified as a focus for instruction. ¾ All components of plan in format are completed. Points will be awarded for complete fulfillment of each of the above criteria. Incomplete components earn lesser scores. Shadow an IA Report Page 29 of 21 Special Education Block As a special education teacher, you will most likely have the opportunity to work collaboratively with and supervise instructional assistants (IA). To begin to prepare you for this responsibility, we would like for you to shadow an instructional assistant for part of her or his day, learning the types of responsibilities she or he has, and how and when the IA and special education teacher work together. This is not an interview, but rather an opportunity to walk in the shoes of an IA, learning about their jobs from their perspective. Shadow the IA for a minimum of two hours, documenting with whom she/he works, what activities she/he does with students, the types of interactions the IA has with teachers, students, and parents (if observed), and even the stress level, emotional status, and stamina of the individual. When you have completed shadowing an IA, write up your observations, providing a clear description of what you saw and heard, followed by a reflection on what you have learned about this position and how this will influence your future work with IAs. Your report will be graded based on the following criteria: ¾ A thorough description of what was seen and heard during the observation was provided. ¾ Information was provided describing with whom the IA works, what activities she/he does with students, and the types of interactions the IA has with teachers, students, and parents. ¾ Summary of observation included affective information about the IA, considering the individual’s stamina, frustration level, anxiety, calmness, diplomacy, and rapport with students. ¾ The reported concluded with a thoughtful reflection on what was learned through this observation about the role of an IA, and how this information will influence the student’s future work. Teacher Dispositions The purpose of the practicum is to begin practicing the craft of teaching. While it is not expected for you to have mastered the art of teaching at this point, it is expected that you demonstrate the dispositions (or characteristics) of a good teacher. While someone might perform expertly in academic tasks such as writing papers, etc., it does not necessarily mean she or he has the dispositions necessary for teaching. Your dispositions for teaching will be monitored closely this semester, and you will be provided with extensive support to develop the characteristics required to be an effective teacher and to work in the education field. In general, your teacher dispositions will be graded based on a rubric that covers professionalism, attitude toward students, and your actual teaching abilities (see Dispositions Rubric – provided in class). The dispositions scores you receive at the end of the semester will be based on information gathered during from your reflections, observations by professors, an observation of your teaching completed by your supervising teacher, an evaluation completed by your supervising teacher, and your self-evaluation. Page 30 of 21 Special Education Block Teaching Observations: University Professor Observations of Teaching Observation(s) of your teaching during practicum will be completed by university instructors based on scheduling opportunities and individual need. During these observations, the instructor will document findings on an observation form and then discuss the student’s strengths and provide suggestions for future instruction. The observation will focus on the demonstration of skills in each of the following Standards: ¾ Creates and Maintains a Positive Learning Environment. ¾ Implements and Manages Instruction. ¾ Assesses and Communicates Learning Using appropriate assessment techniques and data collection. ¾ Demonstrates Knowledge of Content. Supervising Teacher Observation of Teaching During your practicum experience, your cooperating teacher will conduct a formal observation of your teaching using the same observation tool and criteria as the university professor (see criteria above). The teacher will submit her or his observation to the professor prior to the end of the semester. Supervising Teacher Evaluation At the end of the semester, your cooperating teacher will be asked to evaluate your skills and progress as a teacher based on the COEHS dispositions rubric. Video Self-Critique and Reflection You will need to video record a lesson completed during this practicum with an individual student, small group, or whole class. The lesson should be at least 15 minutes in duration. Then review the recording, complete the observation form, and write a selfreflection on what you learned regarding your teaching strengths and the skills you may want to work on in the future. Submit the observation form and reflection. ** Please be sure to contact an instructor immediately if there are problems with your practicum placement. We cannot attempt to remedy conflicts or problems unless you keep us informed. While everything may not always go smoothly during the semester, part of teacher dispositions is handling tough situations in a professional manner. If you are unsure of what to do about a problem, please contact one of the professors in this block. N.B. Specific grading criteria and point values, expectations, and additional information on projects will be provided through evaluation rubrics which will be supplied and reviewed in each class in the integrated Special Education block. If you have questions about assignments, please see your instructor for clarification. Page 31 of 21 Special Education Block Page 32 of 21