3.33M

CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON THE WATER
MANAGEMENT SECTOR IN SLOVAKIA
Assoc.prof. Dr. Ing. Jozef Mindas, PhD.
University of Central Europe, Skalica, Slovakia,
[email protected]
Dr . O¯ga MajerÓ¡kov¡,
PhD.
Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
Climate Change ᾶ Challenges
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Increase of weather extremes in Slovakia since 1990
Increase of local floods – heavy rain events
National adaptation strategy in Slovakia (2013) –
includes the water management sector
Climate Change – driving forces to water cycle
Higher temperatures
Higher winter precipitation
Lower summer precipitation
Atmosphere
More frequent drought periods
Heavy precipitation
Changes in snow cover
Higher PET
...
Evapotranspiration
Biosphere
Land use change – agri, forests
Soil water
Pedosphere
Hypodermic runoff
Ground
Litosphere
water
Runoff changes
Extreme events
Hydrosphere
Local floods
...
Water management ᾶ impacts
of CC
Water budget in Slovakia
1931-80
1991-2001
1931 –753
1980mm (Precipitation) =
753 (zrážky) = 492 (výpar) + 261 (odtok)
492 mm (ET) + 261 mm (runoff)
1991 - 779
2001mm (Precipitation) =
779 (zrážky) = 538 (výpar) + 241 (odtok)
538 mm (ET) + 241 mm (runoff)
Water management ᾶ impacts
of CC
Priemerný
ročný
prietok
Hron
Annual
runoff
of river
Hron,rieky
Slovakia
Profile Banska
Bystrica
part of SK)
profil
Banská(central
Bystrica
m3.s-1
50
45
- 24 %
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
2020
Water management
of CC
– impacts
Climate Change Impacts analysis – main coclusions for
the water management sector:
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Increase of runoff in winter half-year
Lower accumulation of winter precipitation in snow
cover
Increase of Potential and Actual ET in summer halfyear
Deacrease of soil moisture and hypodermic runoff in
summer half-year
Water management
of CC
– impacts
Climate Change Impacts analysis – main coclusions for
the water management sector:
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Increase of surface runoff during the heavy rain
events (higher erosion, higher sedimentation in
water dams)
More frequent occurrence of local floods and
increase of their volume
Increase and prolongation of drought periods
Decrease of disponible water sources
Vulnerability and sensitivity of water
sources due to CC in Slovakia
Low (38%)
Moderate (34%)
High (28%)
Adaptation measures - water
management
Strategic poin of view – three key areas:
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Drinking water supply
Protection against hydrological extremes:
drought and floods
Water for agriculture and industry
Adaptation measures ᾶ drinking
water
Groundwater sources – play a dominat role in Slovakia (about
80%)
„Žitný ostrov“ – 35 % of disponible groundwater supply in SK
Total capacity is about 22 m3s-1
This source can cover
demands for the whole
territorry of Slovakia
Adaptation measures ᾶ drinking
water
Horizon 2025 – time to transport of drinking water
to southern parts of Central and Eastern Slovakia
Distance of transport – up to 250 km
Financial budget – about 150 mil. EUR (for 20 years)
Alternative solution - construction of new dams with
total volume around 150-180 mil. m3
Costs - about 150 mil. EUR
Adaptation measures ᾶ hydrological
extremes
Hydrological extremes – a great challenge for the water
management sector
Last 25 years – strong financial deficit in water management
investments
There are several types of measures
Technical – dams, polders, embankments, ...
Increase of landscape water storage capacity (land use
change) – limits
...
No clear strategy for the flood protection - different positions
(Ministry of Environment, Water management enterprises,
ecologists, hydrologists, foresters, agriculture, stakeholders,
NGOs, ...
Adaptation measures ᾶ hydrological
extremes
Many regions in Slovakia – water storage capacity of the
dams is less than 10 % of the annual runoff
Open disscussion – New dams – yes or not ?
Open question – Redistribution (temporal/spatial) water
(runoff) from North to South of Slovakia
Adaptation measures
extremes
catchments
– hydrological
Small
Water in landscape - ecological limits
Forest management practises
Biotechnical measures
Spatial planning
Adaptation measures ᾶ water for agri
sector
Irrigation area in agriculture sector
2050 – increase about 80 %
2075 – increse about 100 %
About 200 small water reservoirs with volume of 50 mil. m3
with total volume of 1.4 bill. M3
Increase to volume about 2,0 - 2,2 bill. m3
Thank you for
your attention