Mazury_mapa historyczna

The province of Varmia and Masuria
The capital of the province, Olsztyn, was founded in 1353 and its population
now amounts to 176,000 inhabitants.
The biggest towns of the province include Elbląg, with the population of
124,000 people, and Ełk with the population of 59,000 people.
The total population of the province is 1,427,000 people, where 67% of this
number are inhabitants of towns. Population density is 59 people per km2.
The area of the province - 24,200 km2 - is covered by forests (29%), bodies of
water (5%) and arable land (55%). The biggest woodland areas include the
Piska Forest and the Borecka Forest. There are 8 landscape parks, 110 nature
reserves and 2,576 monuments of nature in the province.
Varmia and Masuria is an incredible region full of charm and unique beauty.
What makes this land so unusual is the diversity of the landscape – plains,
uplands, fields abundant in erratic boulders, as well as numerous lakes, rivers,
streams and canals which create a gigantic water network attracting active
tourism lovers. However, the unusual flora and fauna are not the only lures
which visitors cannot resist. The long and eventful history, reflected in the
number of old historic sites, such as tumuli, Old Prussian and Yotvingian
strongholds, mysterious sacrifice altars and so-called stone ladies dating
back to pagan times, as well as numerous monuments of the Middle Ages,
the Renaissance and the Baroque also greatly contribute to the character
and charm of this land.
ISBN 978-83-62067-58-9
WARMIŃSKO-MAZURSKIE VOIVODESHIP
PROVINCE MARSHAL’S OFFICE
ul. Mariańska 3
10-052 Olsztyn
T: +48 89 521 69 00
F: +48 89 521 69 09
E:[email protected]
W: www.warmia.mazury.pl
The Elbląg Canal Route
The Elbląg Canal built between 1844-1860, is a world-famous achievement
of hydrotechnic engineering. It was designed by Georg Jacob Steenke to link
Elbląg with Ostróda and Iława. Nowhere else in the world can you see ships
moving on the grass, covering the difference of water levels which amounts
to 99.5 m. The car route of the Elbląg Canal was designed to enable tourists
to admire the canal with all its attractions and the beauty of its surroundings.
The most interesting part of the Elbląg Canal is situated in the vicinity of
Pasłęk. There are 5 inclined planes - Buczyniec, Kąty, Oleśnica, Jelenie and
Całuny, which consist of two parallel rail tracks; ships are carried on carriages
which run on these rails. The longest distance covered by the ships on the
land is 490 m (it is the plane Buczyniec, where the Museum of the Elbląg
Canal and the monument of its architect are located). The plane Pochylnia
Oleśnica is unusual due to the difference of levels amounting to 24.2 m; it is
where you can admire the beautiful panorama of the region called Żuławy.
The last plane Całuny is the smallest and the youngest (1874-81). It was
constructed to replace five cavity locks and it is powered by the Francis
turbine. Ostróda is a perfect starting point of the trip along the Elbląg Canal
Route. The station of the Ostróda – Elbląg Navigation is located by the lake
Drwęckie. One of the greatest attractions of the town is the Teutonic castle
from the 14th century, where in 1807 Napoleon Bonaparte resided for
a couple of weeks. The next place on the way is Miłomłyn, where the first
lock of the Elbląg Canal is situated. Built in 1861, it is the biggest lock where
the ships have to cover the level difference of 2.8 m. There is a plaque
commemorating the visit of bishop Wojtyła, the later Pope John Paul II, in
Miłomłyn. Leaving Buczyniec behind, we make for Morąg with its newly
renovated Gothic townhall and the two cannons in front of it, as well as the
Teuonic castle, the palace of the Dohns family and the monument of Johann
Gottfried Herder, the philosopher who was born here in 1744. In Małdyty you
can admire the architecture of a former grange, and in the nearby small
towns and villages there are old mansions of renowned noble families, e.g.
The Masurian Fortifications Route
The route of the Masurian Fortifications leads through old Prussian
stronholds, medieval castles, city walls, defensive temples, forts, to the 20thcentury field fortifications and headquarters from WW II. A trip along this
route will definitely be a great adventure and an unforgettable lesson of
history. It is best to start in Reszel, where there is a castle from the second
half of the 14th century, one of places of residence of the last Varmia bishop Ignacy Krasicki. The castle was besieged and conquered many times either by
the Polish or the Teutonic forces. In the 19th century it was turned into
a prison. Nearby in Święta Lipka tourists will encounter a Marine sanctuary
considered to be one of the most precious pearls of the late Baroque in
Poland. Another interesting temple is situated in Kętrzyn – it is a Gothic
church (the status of basilica minora) with fragments of defensive walls, built
by Teutonic Knights. 8 km away from Kętrzyn, in Gierłoż, history lovers will be
pleased to visit ruins of the so-called Wolf’s Lair, Hitler’s headquarters
covering an area of 250 ha, consisting of over 200 brick and reinforced
concrete buildings, such as seven heavy bunkers blown up by the retreating
German army. It was here that on 20 July 1944 an unsuccessful attempt on
Hitler’s life took place. In Mamerki, near Węgorzewo, where the Masurian
Canal flows into the lake Mamry, there is one of the best preserved
complexes of German bunkers from WWII. The complex was built between
1940–1944 for 40 generals and fieldmarshals as well as 1,500 Wehrmacht
officers and soldiers. It consisted of 250 buildings, including 30 reinforced
concrete bunkers which have been preserved to our times. What is worth
seeing in Węgorzewo is a three-wing castle from 1398; destroyed during
WWI, it was rebuilt in 1923, but its original form has been considerably
altered. The nearby village Pozezdrze, with a parish church from the 19th
century, is famous for "Hochwald”, i.e. Heinrich Himmler’s headquarters,
situated on the northern verge of the village. Kruklanki, situated south of
Pozezdrze, became one of the most crucial resistance points of the Giżycko
Field Position and the Giżycko Fortified Region as early as in 1914. Next, we
Wiżajny
Bolcie
Żytkiejmy
Gołdap
Banie
Mazurskie
Stawki
Mamerki
Trygort
Węgorzewo
tourism
Lisy Boćwinka
Grodzisko
Ogonki
Jakunówko
Pozezdrze
Kętrzyn
Reszel
Varmia and Masuria
Radzieje Sztynort
Jeziorowskie
Mażany
Wyłudy
Spytkowo Kruklanki Grądy Krukl.
Parcz
Giżycko Gajewo
Gierłoż
Karolewo
Pieckowo
Owczarnia Martiany
Wilkasy
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Wielkie
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Święta Lipka
Krzyżany
Słabowo
Miłki
Konopki
Wielkie
Ublik
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Drozdowo
Marcinowa
Wola
Szymonka
Tourist map
Woźnice
Mikołajki
Kadzidłowo
Krutyń
Wojnowo
www.mazury.travel
Bobrówko
Gaudynek
Ukta
Ruciane-Nida
Zdory
Kociołek
Szlachecki
Szczechy Wlk.
Snopki
Ogródek
Orzysz Klusy
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the palace and park in Dobrocin and the manor house from the 19th century,
belonging to Georg Jacob Steenke. Małdyty is located halfway on the water
route of the Elbląg Canal. What is worth seeing in Pasłęk is the medieval
urban layout with the original Dutch-style market square, almost thoroughly
preserved defensive walls and gates and the Teutonic castle from the 14th
century. Elbląg is the oldest town of the region, founded in 1237, which
prides itself on the beautifully restored tenement houses and numerous
historic sites. The region which stretches southwards and westwards of
Elbląg is called Żuławy Elbląskie. The land, which has been, in fact, ripped
from the sea, is mainly a depression; the lowest point in Poland is situated in
Raczki Elbląskie (1.8 m below the sea level). The nearby lake Druzno is a real
paradise for ornithologists. The next point on the way is Zalewo, where the
biggest tourist attractions include the churches, remains of the medieval
defensive walls and the Jewish cemetery from the 19th century. Nearby in
Jerzwałd tourists will find the Museum of the Iława Lakeside Landscape Park
and a small botanic garden, as well as the gravestone of a Polish novelist
Zbigniew Nienacki in the local cemetery. What is worth seeing in Kamieniec
are the ruins of the 18th-century palace which belonged to the family of von
Finckensteins. It was here that in 1807 Napoleon Bonaparte resided for
a couple of months. Another interesting town, Szymbark, is situated on the
way from Susz to Iława. It is famous for the ruins of the 14th-century castle of
the Pomezania Chapter, the second biggest castle in the region (the biggest
one is situated in Malbork). Next, the route leads to Iława, situated by the
Lake Jeziorak – the longest lake in Poland (27.5 km) with 16 islands, including
Wielka Żuława (82.4 ha). The greatest tourist attractions in Iława include the
Neo-Baroque townhall, the churches and numerous picturesque tenement
houses. Before the loop of the route is closed in Ostróda, it is worth paying
a visit to Tynwałd in order to take a rest by the picturesque local lake and
then see the Gothic church in Boreczno.
ELBLĄG
Gronowo
Górne
Raczki
Elbląskie
The Grunwald Loop
The Grunwald Loop is a road tourist route stretching across the area related
to the battle of Grunwald (15 July 1410), one of the greatest battles in
medieval Europe between the alliance of Polish, Lithuanian and Russian
forces and the Teutonic Order. The route makes it possible for tourists to
reach historically interesting places in the vicinity of the battlefields. The
starting point of the trip is Działdowo, a town located upon the river Wkra,
founded in 1344. Działdowo was conquered by the army of king Władysław
Jagiełło in 1410 on his way towards Grunwald. In accordance with the
provisions of the Treaty of Versailles (1919), Działdowo has remained the only
Masurian town within the Polish borders. The town prides itself on the
impressive Teutonic castle from the early 14th century and it is now an
important railway centre on the route Warsaw-Gdańsk. West of the town you
will find Płośnica with its interesting Gothic church. The next point on the
way is the village Uzdowo. A legend has it that the name refers to the Polish
word ‘uzda’ denoting a bridle which Teutonic Knights hung on the church
tower after the pacification of the rebellion stirred up by peasants. In 1931
the Polish village Uzdowo (at that time Grunwald belonged to East Prussia)
organised a patriotic event during which the Grunwald Monument was
unveiled. Lidzbark, referred to as Działdowski or Welski, is a town founded in
1301, conquered by king Jagiełło during his march towards Grunwald.
Throughout ages the town situated upon the river Wel changed its
nationality several times; nevertheless it preserved its Polish character. The
most popular tourist attractions include the Saint Wojciech church from
1752, the Evangelical-Augsburg church from 1829 and two museums – the
Fire Brigade Museum and the Wel Landscape Park Museum. In 1325 when
Teutonic Knights were fording the river Drwęca, they founded a town known
as Nowe Miasto Lubawskie. The historic part of the town, surrounded with
fragments of defensive walls, has preserved its original form from the 14th
century. What is worth seeing in nearby Kurzętnik are ruins of a castle
situated on the hill overlooking the valley of the river Drwęca. Next, we pay
a visit to Lubawa, founded in the mid 13th century, where tourists can see
ruins of the bishops’ castle and the Saint John the Baptist church with
a Renaissance lacunar ceiling and adjacent buildings. In nearby Lipy (2 km
Bogaczewo
Gronowo
Elbląskie
Markusy
Kana
ł Elblą
ski
Pasłęk
Krosno
Ostróda
Morliny
Górki
Jelonki
Stankowo Marwica
Grabin
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pochylnia
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Święty Gaj Rychliki
Szyldak
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Dobrocin
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Linki
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Liksajny
Wólka
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Bynowo
Boreczno
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Grodziczno
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Miłomłyn
Zieleń
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Urowo
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Łęgowo
Szymbark
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Piławki
Laseczno
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Lubawskie
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Iława
make for the town Gołdap. During WWII field headquarters of the General
Command of Air Forces ‘Robinson’ were located in the vicinity and it was here
that marshal H. Göring’s train was deployed. Near the Polish-Russian border
tourists can admire railway bridges in Stańczyki - 32 m high and 150 m long.
One of the most significant elements of the route is the Boyen Fortress in
Giżycko, built between 1844–1855 in the area of the so-called Giżycko Island.
The fort was erected on the plan of an irregular star with six bastions: Sword,
Law, Light, Hermann, Leopold and Ludwig, as well as a centrally placed
courtyard and donjon. The whole is surrounded with the Carnot’s wall and
a dry moat. The communication between the fortress and the town was
possible through the swing bridge. Going southwards, we reach Ryn, with
a magnificent castle which used to be the seat of Teutonic commanders and
now functions as a hotel. Mikołajki is another town with impressive military
objects, such as two bunkers which made the abutment of an old road
bridge. Similar fortifications were created at the end of the 19th century in
Ruciane-Guzianka in order to defend two road bridges and a railway bridge
on the isthmus between the lakes Bełdany and Nidzkie. There are also
German bunkers in Pisz.
Uzdowo
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Lipy
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Bratian
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lakeside of Niegocin tourists will find the town Giżycko, and on the western Wilkasy. A sailing route from Giżycko to Mikołajki, Ruciane-Nida and Pisz goes
through the waters of Niegocin. The biggest bays of the lake are considered
as separate lakes - Boczne and Niałk Duży. West of Giżycko, in the basin of
the river Węgorapa, there is another lake - Dejguny, dived into two parts by
a railway embankment - Dejguny (7.7 km²) and Dejgunek (0.43 km²). The lake
is 6.5 km long and its max. width is 2.4 km, its only island covers an area of
3.8 ha. Waters from Dejguny flow below the embankment to Dejgunek and
further through a stream to the lake near the town of the same name. The
lake has a diversified coastline with numerous bays, capes and ten islands;
the biggest one - Wyspa Róż (the Islands of Roses) covers an area of 54 ha
and links with the edge of the lake. In the southern part of the lake there is
a prolonged bay separated from the adjacent lake Wierzbińskie (70 ha) with
a long and winding peninsula called Ameryka.
The route of the Great Masurian Lakes is the most popular sailing route in
the whole region. It links the biggest lakes starting from the town Pisz,
through Mikołajki, Giżycko to Węgorzewo. The total length of the route is
132 km. The Land of Great Masurian Lakes is situated in the central part of
the Masurian Lakeside, and it covers an area of 1,700 km², where 486 km² is
covered by the waters of the lakes, including the biggest lakes in Poland Śniardwy and Mamry, as well as Niegocin, Orzysz, Jagodne and Tałty. The
region is a real paradise not only for anglers but also for tourists and water
lovers. The lake Śniardwy is situated in the area of the Masurian Landscape
Park. Together with smaller lakes (Tyrkło, Białoławki, Seksty, Roś, Tuchlin,
Łuknajno, which is a swan reserve, Mikołajskie and Bełdany),with which it is
linked by canals and isthmuses, it creates a water complex of an area of 113
km². Śniardwy is a moraine lake, 23m deep, with eight islands, including
Czarci Ostrów, Wyspa Pajęcza and Kaczor. On the afforested peninsula
between Warnołty and Bełdany there is an experimental station of the Polish
Academy of Sciences (where the Polish little horse is bred). Śniardwy is
famous for strong winds, which can be dangerous for less experienced
sailors. The lake Tałty is the longest (12.5 km) and the deepest (51 m) ribbon
lake on the route of the Great Masurian Lakes. It links with the lake
Mikołajskie in the south and with the lake Ryńskie in the north. Tałty is rarely
a final destination of Masurian sailors, but rather a stage in sailing
expeditions from the north to the south (or the other way round). South of
Węgorzewo there is a lake famous for its diversified coastline, several islands
and an interesting lay of the bottom – Mamry. In some publications the term
Mamry denotes the whole complex of six lakes (Mamry Północne, Kirsajty,
Kisajno, Dargin, Święcajty and Dobskie), which covers an area of 105 km²
and includes 33 islands of the total area of 213 ha (some islands on the
lakes Mamry and Kisajno belong to the ornithological reserve). Upałty is the
biggest island on Mamry (67 ha). The lake gives rise to the river Węgorapa.
The sailing route from Węgorzewo through Giżycko, Mikołajki to Pisz and
Ruciane-Nida leads through the waters of Mamry. The third biggest Masurian
lake is Niegocin (26 km²), with poorly diversified coastline and a rich lay of
the bottom. There are three small islands on Niegocin. In its northern part
Niegocin links with another lake Kisajno through a number of canals. In the
south it is possible to reach the lake Tałty, further the lake Mikołajskie and
finally Śniardwy through the network of lakes and canals. On the northern
The Copernican Route
The Copernican Route is a road tourist trail related to Nicolas Copernicus
(1473–1543), born in Toruń - the greatest ever astronomer who “stopped the
Sun and moved the Earth”. The route leads to many interesting places where
Copernicus lived, created his works and conducted his versatile activity as
a bishop’s secretary, member of the Varmia Chapter, doctor, land
administrator and excellent astronomer. One of the most significant sites on
the route is the Cathedral Hill in Frombork, where Copernicus created his
epochal work On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres. He first came to
Frombork in 1510 and it was here that he died in 1543 and was buried in the
cathedral. One of the greatest tourist attractions in Frombork is Foucault’s
Pendulum, placed in the Tower of Radziejowski; first introduced in 1851 in
Paris, the pendulum was a simple proof of the rotation of the Earth. The Hill
is crowned with a real architectonic pearl – the Gothic Archcathedral Basilica
of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary and Saint Andrew. In nearby
Braniewo tourists can admire a Baroque church built on the plan of a Greek
cross by the Jesuits who had been invited to Varmia by bishop Stanisław
Hozjusz in 1564. Next, we get to Pieniężno, where there is the Clerical
Seminary of the Divine Word Missionaries. The next point on our route is
Orneta with its Gothic Saint John the Baptist and John the Evangelist church.
In nearby Krosno it is worth seeing the Baroque Marian sanctuary. In
Lidzbark Warmiński the greatest tourist attraction is undoubtedly the
magnificent Castle of Varmia Bishops, situated at the meeting point of the
two rivers – the Łyna and the Symsarna; the castle is considered as one of the
most precious monuments of Gothic architecture in Poland. The building
works started in 1351, i.e. a year after the capital of Varmia was moved from
Orneta to Lidzbark. In 1507 Nicolas Copernicus came to Lidzbark where he
performed the function of the secretary and the doctor of his uncle, Lucas
Watzenrode, the Varmia bishop. It was here that Copernicus made research
on his heliocentric theory. On the way, south of Lidzbark, we go past Dobre
see elks, beavers, bobcats and wolves), or the forester’s lodge Pranie – a place
of residence of the renowned Polish poet Konstanty Ildefons Gałczyński. Ukta
was founded in the mid 18th century as a settlement with a glass
manufacture named Krutyńska Szklarnia (Krutynia Glasshouse); this name
hadn’t been changed until the Old Believers came to live in the vicinity. At
present Ukta prides itself on its Neo-Gothic church with a Sauer organ from
the late 19th century and an interesting belfry from 1846. The next part of
the Krutynia canoeing route flows through the Melchior Wańkowicz Reserve.
After several days in a canoe there is yet another task to complete – to go
through the Guzianka lock in order to finish the trip in Ruciane-Nida. Say
goodbye to the canoe and the Krutynia route, but not for long – you will
come back here next year.
Along the River Łyna across Varmia
Along the River Krutynia across Masuria
The Great Masurian Lakes
east of Lubawa) there is a Marian sanctuary with a Neo-Gothic church. The
chapel which gave rise to the sanctuary had been funded by three sisters
from the nearby village Mortęgi. Passing Ostróda on the way, we make for
Olsztynek, a small Masurian town, founded in 1359 near the local Teutonic
castle. It was here that in 1764 Christoph Coelestin Mrongovius was born a renowned lexicographer and a Polish activist in Prussia. One of the
students of the local school was Emil Behring, a physiologist who discovered
the diphtheria antitoxin and received the first Nobel Prize in Medicine.
Olsztynek is also famous for its open-air museum of folk architecture where
over 70 architectural structures from Masuria, Varmia, Powiśle and Lithuania
are gathered. Our next destination is the Grunwald Monument, erected in
1960 to commemorate the 550th anniversary of the victorious battle which
had taken place in the vicinity of the villages Stębark, Grunwald and
Łodwigowo. The idea of creating the monument and its surroundings came
from Jerzy Bandura and Witold Cenckiewicz. Half a century later, before the
solemn celebration of the 600th anniversary of the battle, the historic area
was modernised. In the Battle of Grunwald Museum, seated in the pavilion
below the amphitheatre, tourists can see a collection of medieval weaponry
and copies of Polish and Teutonic battle banners. The museum exhibition is
completed with a variety of films and a multimedia presentation of particular
stages of the battle. It is best to visit this place in July when the great reenactment of the battle is organised. It is a great show which attracts
thousands of people, participants and spectators alike. On the way back it is
worth visiting the wooden church in Rychnowo, reaching the top of
Dylewska Góra (312 m above the sea level) and seeing the railway bridge in
Glaznoty – picturesque remnants of the railway line Turza Wielka –
Samborowo, constructed in 1913.
The river Krutynia is one of the most beautiful lowland routes in Europe.
Melchior Wańkowicz and his daughter enjoyed canoeing along the Krutynia
before the war. His memories from the canoeing trips, included in the
collection of his reportages “Na tropach Smętka”, became a great
recommendation. No doubt people who encountered Wańkowicz’s work,
such as Karol Wojtyła, the later Pope John Paul II, felt encouraged to take part
in canoeing trips along the Krutynia. It is an extremely interesting and
diversified route which runs through the Piska Forest and the Masurian
Landscape Park. Additionally, it attracts tourists with many other lures, such
as a unique opportunity to spot the white-tailed eagle, the golden eagle and
many other species of animals at large. What draws attention of canoeists is
also the underwater flora and fauna, for instance sponges and red algae
which form red stains on stones. Along the riverbanks tourists can admire
magnificent oaks and tall pine trees whose trunks were used to produce
masts of sailing ships. The canoeing trips usually start in Sorkwity, a place of
600-year-old history. It is worth paying a visit to the local Evangelical church
built in 1470 and the Neo-Gothic palace, which was rebuilt in the mid 19th
century, when it belonged to the family of von Mirbachs. The river Krutynia
flows through the area of the Mrągowo Lake District, the Mrągowo Plain and
the Land of Great Masurian Lakes. The name ‘Krutynia’ comes from the old
Prussian term ‘a winding river’; the river is, in fact, winding in one part,
starting from the lake Krutyńskie. The total length of the route is 96 km,
where still waters make 60 km of it. The river flows through the land of
unspoiled nature and rich wildlife. It gathers waters from the basin of an area
of 710 km². The initial part of the Krutynia is a small river - the Warpunka,
which has its source near the village Burszewo. The Krutynia flows through
a very diversified landscape full of moraine hills and ribbon lakes and it cuts
the sandr plain of the Piska Forest. Its final part flows into the lake Bełdany,
near the village Iznota. What tourists enjoy most in canoeing routes along
the Krutynia is the opportunity to sleep rough somewhere on the way and
thus feel like a cast-away. The greatest place for putting up a tent is the
island on the lake Białe. There are six nature reserves on the way - Ławny
Lasek, Królewska Sosna, Krutynia, Krutynia Dolna, Pierwos and the lake
Nidzkie. Going in the direction of Ukta, tourists will encounter the monastery
of Old Believers, situated by the lake Duś, near the village Wojnowo. Old
Believers settled down here in 1831. Inside you can admire icons, crucifixes
and photos of Old Believers. From Ukta it is worth taking a walk or
organizing a bike trip to the Wild Animals Park in Kadzidłowo (where you can
The Łyna is the queen of all rivers of Varmia and Masuria. With the total legth
of 264 km (190 km in the Polish territory), it is the eleventh longest river in
Poland. It is the major tributary of the river Pregoła, to which it flows under
the name Ława – near the Polish-Russian border crossing in the vicinity of
Sępopol. The sources of the river Łyna are situated at the foot of the terminal
moraine (155 m above the sea level) near the village Łyna and not far away
from Nidzica. In its upper course the river flows through the lakes: Małe
Brzeźno, Duże Brzeźno, Mały Kiernoz, Wielki Kiernoz, Łańskie and Ustrych.
The biggest tributaries of the Łyna are the Marózka, the Wadąg, the
Symsarna, the Elma, the Pisa Północna and the Guber. The canoeing route
along the Łyna is varied and interesting. In some parts (between the lake
Ustrych and the village Ruś) the Łyna is wild like a montain river and forms
spectacular gorges, in some other parts, flowing through picturesque forests
and hills, it is a bit calmer, whereas through marshy meadows it moves slowly
and lazily to finally cut the historic sites in many towns of Varmia.
Experienced canoeists usually start the trip in Brzeźno Łyńskie, near the
former forester’s lodge. Here the riverbed is 10 m wide and the current is
rather weak. Our destination is a small forest lake of the misleading name
Morze (Sea). Other canoeing routes start in the village Kurki, where the
Marózka flows into the Łyna, 16km away from Olsztynek. Leaving the lake
Łańskie behind, we get onto the waters encompassed by a nature reserve
called Las Warmiński, with many species of fungi and lichens. Apart from
common animal species the forest gives home to the European otter, the
weasel, the beaver, the European dewberry, the bat and the European deer.
The reserve is also a paradise for many protected species of birds e.g. the
white-tailed eagle, the osprey, the black kite, the lesser spotted eagle and the
black stork. In the brisk current of the Łyna you can spot a rare species of the
red algae. This part of the river is in special care of the Provincial Nature
Conservancy. The canoeing route which runs through Olsztyn is one of the
most picturesque and interesting– it is possible to do sightseeing from your
canoe as the river cuts the old town; additionally, near the castle, where the
water is dammed up, you need to carry your canoe. Later on, you go past
tree trunks blown down by the wind and slowly move through the lovely
gorges of the Municipal Forest to finally reach the hydroelectric power plant
“Łyna”. There is a similar one in the nearby village Brąswałd. The further
stages of the canoeing route lead to Dobre Miasto, Lidzbark Warmiński,
Bartoszyce and Sępopol; then we get to the village Stopki, where the wide
riverbed touches upon the border of the country. In the Russian territory the
river changes its name – now as the river Ława it links with the river Pregoła
and together they flow into the Baltic Sea.
Miasto, where there is the second biggest Gothic temple in Varmia (The
Frombork cathedral is the biggest), fragments of defensive walls with a 14thcentury Gothic tower, known as the Stork Turret. It is worth visiting the
Varmia Calvary in nearby Głotowo and the summer mansion of Bishop
Ignacy Krasicki in Smolajny. Just before you reach Olsztyn, do not forget to
stop at Dywity, where Copernicus made inspections around the chapter land
estates and conferred land to peasants as an administrator of the property
belonging to the Chapter of Varmia. The church in Dywity was built at the
end of the 19th century; the spire, however, is partially constructed on its
Gothic predecessor. In Brąswałd, situated within a short distance, there is
a hydroelectric power plant on the river Łyna, built in the 1930s. The 14thcentury Castle of the Varmia Chapter in Olsztyn is another significant site on
the Copernican Route. Copernicus resided here between 1516–1521. It was
here that he wrote his study on the value of money, carried out observations
of the movement of the planets and established the date of equinox – the
most precious reminder of this research is an astronomical chart made by
Copernicus on the wall of the arcaded corridor. Copernicus visited the castle
again in 1524, 1531, 1535 and in 1538 as an inspector of the property
belonging to the Varmia Chapter. At present the castle is the seat of the
Museum of Varmia and Masuria. Other historic sites associated with
Copernicus in Olsztyn are the Planetarium and the Astronomical Observatory.
Olsztyn, however, is not the final point on the route. Going in the direction of
Warsaw you will pass the lake Wulpińskie; it is worth stopping at the lakeside
– on the biggest islands you can see remains of the pre-war holiday centre
“Herta”. Next, in Olsztynek tourists will appreciate a visit to the Folk
Architecture Museum which had been removed here from Konnigsberg. In
the nearest vicinity there are other attractions, such as a Gothic church with
a wooden tower in Gryźliny, a holiday centre in the village Pluski by the lake
Pluszne and a picturesque canoeing route along the river Marózka.
Nowa Pasłęka
Krynica
Morska
Braniewo
Stępień
Frombork
Lipowina
Wola
Lipowska
Piotrowiec
Tolkmicko
Kadyny
Suchacz
Nadbrzeże
Kamionek Wlk.
ELBLĄG
Pogrodzie
Sowity
Pieniężno
Chwalęcin
Nowy Dwór
Łajsy
Krosno
Babiak
Mingajny Runowo
Ignalin
Lidzbark
Warmiński
Orneta
Raczki
Elbląskie
Samolubie
Rogóż
Krekole
Stoczek
Klasztorny
Henrykowo
Kierwiny
Kraszewo
Miłogórze
Kana
ł Elblą
ski
Smolajny
Dobre
Miasto
Głotowo
Barcikowo
Bukwałd
Spręcowo
Brąswałd
Dywity
OLSZTYN
Gietrzwałd
Dorotowo
Miodówko
Ameryka
Stawiguda
Gryźliny
Pluski
Olsztynek
Selected tourist routes
Cycling routes:
• through the Masurian Landscape Park. Tourists will appreciate a close
contact with the wildlife of the park, as well as other attractions, such as the
monastery of Old Believers in Wojnowo and the Wild Animals Park in
Kadzidłowo.
• in the vicinity of Nidzica. There are three routes which lead through the
most attractive areas of the district of Nidzica – ‘the Tatar Route’, ‘the
Tumulus Route’ and ‘the Gen.Samsonov’s Route’.
• Transborder Cycling Route R64. The route runs around the Vistula Lagoon
and through the Vistula Spit, belonging the Province of Pomerania, the
region of Żuławy, situated at the meeting point of two provinces, and the
Elbląg Upland.
• Lidzbark Warmiński – Orneta (length 28 km). The route runs along the
former railway embankment. On the way picturesque landscape of Varmia
and interesting historic sites, such as railway bridges, sideway shrines and
a Marian sanctuary in Krosno.
Hiking routes:
• in the vicinity of Olecko – a system of marked tourist routes leading through
the area of the Borecka Forest and to the peak Szeska Góra (309m above the
sea level).
• the blue Melchior Wańkowicz route – it runs parallely to the canoeing route
of the river Krutynia. It starts in Sorkwity and finishes in the nature reserve
‘Królewska Sosna’ (the royal pine tree).
More information
• www.szlaki.mazury.pl
Tourist routes of Varmia and Masuria
• www.ielblag.pl
Tourist information in Elbląg
• www.turystyka.elk.pl
Tourist information in Ełk
• www.gizycko.turystyka.pl
Tourist information in Giżycko
• www.it.mikolajki.pl
Tourist information in Mikołajki
• www.itilawa.pl
Tourist information in Iława
• www.it.ostroda.pl
Tourist information in Ostróda
• www.it.mragowo.pl
Tourist information in Mrągowo
• www.mazury.pttk.pl
The Varmia and Masuria division of the Polish Tourist and Sightseeing
Society (PTTK) in Olsztyn
• www.pttk.elblag.com.pl
The Land of Elbląg division of the Polish Tourist and Sightseeing Society
(PTTK) in Elbląg
Publisher: Agencja WIT Witold Mierzejewski
www.wydawnictwomierzejewski.pl
Text: Marek Książek
Translation: Sylwia Płaszczyńska-Capłap
Olsztyn 2012
ISBN 978-83-62067-58-9
Published in co-operation with the self-government
of the Varmia and Masuria Province
B
C
D
E
F
Zatoka Gdańska
1
I
J
K
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H
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651
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512
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504
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507
ra
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511
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503 Chojnowo
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51
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591
Suchacz
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Wiewiórkii
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512
5
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65
Piasty Wlk.
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510
Płoskinia
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504
512
63
Budry
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650
Modgarby
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22
J. Bitkowskie
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J. Pierzchalskie
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Nowa
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Pakosze
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Połęcze
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Supienie
Dębiny
J. Białe
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Próchnik
Dębów
Dębówko
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ko
Kosakowo
Kurowo
Wągniki
Marzęcino
Wajsnory
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Kępiny
Cieplice
Glądy
Łożnik
Wólka
Stawki
Rodnowo
Kierzki
Karszewo
Jemieliste
Piłaki
506
650
Braniewskie
Dorsze
Pawły
Borkowiny
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J
Małe
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Kinkajmy
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Barciany
.
590
Jonikowo
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2
2
x 309
652
Kin
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żynaa
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itajny
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511
Samolubie
J. Silec
J. Świę
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Młynary
Drozdowo
Kwietnik
Księżno
Okowizna
Parys
Par
Glebisko
Górna
Bornity
Wężewskie
591
Węgoryty
Osowo
Dziaduszyn
Kamiennik
Wielki
Nowica
507
Silec
Krawczyki
S
Jesionowo
Sporwiny
Solnica
J. Mamry
Łabędnikk
509
Nowa Wieś
Jakunówko
Rogóż
Stara
Winda
Krekole
Koniewo
Solanka
Wilczęta
592
Czerwony
Henrykowo
ykow
Wielka
Warnikajmy
J. Taftowo
Harsz
Chwalęcin
Wężewo Szarejki
513
Plewki J. Garbaś
Chmielówka
Kamionek Wlk.
Krasinek
Galiny
Dwór
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7
509
Babiak
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Pozezdrze
m. Runowo
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500
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.
Zawady
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592
509
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505
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Kaskajmy
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Klasztorny
653
Jankówko Dąbkowo Bażyny
Pieczarki
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J. Dobskie
Borzynowo
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Górne
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Mażany
Wozławki
J. Łaźno
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Stara Różana
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513
Świdry
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22 Jasionno
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528
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lonek
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513
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592
J. Sołtmany
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sie
Zalesie
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Godkowo
Kłutajny
594
Gronowo
Kronowo
J. Dobskie
594
Troszkowo
Dłuźyno
Wójtowo
Krupin
Siejnik
J. Sy
Symsar
Rynie
Wajsznory
Prosity
J. Gawlik
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Dunaj
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Stare Pole
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Pieckowo a
507
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51
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655
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a
655
655
Wydmińskie
J.
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57
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Krzewsk pochylnia
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592
Zawidy
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J. Tonka
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Świ
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J.
Smolajny
Kurian
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Zwierzno
Żegoty
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lanki
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Sucholaski
Suryty
Su
Szaleniec
Lutry
Nakomiady
593
Kominki
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J. Szóstak
J. Dworackie Giże
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Rachowo
Wielkie
Praslity
Kąp
Oleśnica pochylnia
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lanki
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k
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591
Gronowo Langanki
593
527
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Brudzędy
J. Guber
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7
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J.
Widryńskie
Kąty
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J.
Legińskie
Wielkie
Koczarki
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Staświny
Jeziorko
661
Tejstymy
Buczyniec
Nowa Wieś Mł.
528
593
Pruska
593
Łężany
596
Niebrzydowo
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Przytuły
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Zawady
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527
pochylnia
Ławki
J.
Bukowo
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Kijewo
Ranty
Boże Szczerzbowo
59
Chojnik
J.
Kiersztanowskie
Kozin
Miłki
Miłk
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ki
i
J.
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J.
Tejstymy
J.
Wuksniki
Krzyżany
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Piaski
Wólka
656
Kwietniewo
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Podleśna Studzianka
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Drulity
Ruska Wieś
Głotowo
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ok
ok
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590
63
6
Jagodne Paprotki
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Kiersztanowo
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526
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530
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527
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F-2
Lubomino
D-3
Kownaty
Chludnie
Łaz
Nowa Wieś
Łaziuki
Golonka
Bobrowo
Kruszyny
Camping
Province bordersGiełczyn
Zdziwój
Karbowo
Niedanowo Powierz Safronka
Ukta H-5
Jeże I-6
Sąpłaty F-5
Ełk K-4
Ostróda C-5
Bezledy E-1Rzodkiewnica
Łajsy D-2
Leżno Wielkie
Świecie
Turza Mała
Pokrzywnica
Laskowiec
Podgórze
Dębniki
Szlacheckie
Grale
Płośnica Skurpie
Brodowe-Łąki
Szk
Burkat
Sieborczyn
Budy
Guty
Wielka
Morgowniki
Chorzele
Uzdowo
D-7
Jędrychowo
A-5
Sąpy
B-5
Frąknowo
D-6
Owczarnia
H-3
Bezławki
G-3
Łężany
G-3
Stara
Wieś
w
Szkudaj
Niecioce
a
Piasecznia
Samin
Wlewsk
Zgniłobłoty
Sarnowo
Zajki
Czarnockie
Zaborowo
LaskiH-3
Pruskołęka
WaplewoCzarnocin
D-6
Jonkowo D-4
Sępopol F-2
Frombork B-1
Parcz
Bęsia F-3,4
Łodwigowo
D-6
Olszyny
Rudki
Tatary
Borders of VarmiaKurpiki
Zbójna Słabowo H-3
Niskie
Duczynin
Srebrowo
Radoszki
P
harbour
Yachting
Strękowa
Wejsuny
I-5
Kadyny
B-2
Galiny
F-2
Pasłęk
B-3
Biała
Piska
J-5
Łukta
D-4
Kierzek
ł
Ł
Jednaczewo
ąd
Bielawy
Jeziorko
Mątwica
Grążany
oje
Wielkie
Kadzidło
Wizna
Nowa Wieś
Targonie
Raszujka
ow
Góra
Gąski
Cielęta
Rembieli
Przełęk
we
Rudniki
Płoszyce
Węgorzewo I-2
Kadzidłowo H-5
Słonecznik C-4
Gietrzwałd
D-5
Pasym F-5
Białoszyce A-5 ŻelaznaŁyna E-6
Krokowo
Małki
nic Kalisko
Sierki
Cibórz
Brzozowo
15
Wielka
-Rządowa
Wielkie
k
544
a
Napierki
Duży
Wiktorzyn
645
544
Wielbark
F-6
Kaliszki
J-5
Smolajny
E-3
Gierłoż
H-3
Pawłowo
D-6
Biskupiec
(Reszelski)
F-4
Mamerki
H-2
Borders of Masuria
Maje
Jamielnik
Piątnica
Krzynowłoga
Oborczyska
Harbour
Nowe Łaszewo
648
ida
Olszewka
a
Pląchoty
N
Dąbrówka
Klonowo
Nowy
Dwór
w
c
Wysoka
Purgałki
Kisiny
Wieliczki
K,L-3
Kalinowo
L-4
Sople
B-4
Gierzwałd
D-6
Piecki
H-5
Biskupiec
(Pomorski)
A-6
Mamonowo
C-1
e
Kupiski
Wlk. Łęck
Wielka
Gleba
Gródki
Świerczyny
Kramkowo
Ziomek
Poduchowna
Mszano
Grabowo
ar
Miesiączkowo
Stare
Rycice
wę
Konopki
JankowoGrzebsk
Nowe
Łopuchowo
W
Wieczfnia
Białuty
Podgóż
Połoń
Dr
Parciaki Giżycko I-3
Wierzba H-4
Kamieniec A-5
Sorkwity G-4
Pieniężno D-2 N
Bisztynek F-3
Skorupki
riversides
DylewoMarcinowa Wola I-4
-Pokrzywnica
kra
-Młodzianowo
Cieszyny
Chlebiotki Water
544
Kościelna
Border
crossings
Czartoria
Gorczenica
Nasiadki
Gruszka
Księży
Brodowo
Jastrzębie
Wilczęta C-2
Karnity B-5
Srokowo H-2
Glaznoty C-6
Pieresławek H-5
Bogaczewo B-3
Markusy
A-3
Nowe Brzozowo
Lelis
J. Gorznieńskie Bryńsk
hostel
Żelechy
Bronowo
Stare Jeżewo
Kurki
Świniary
Środkowe Piękna Góra K-2
Grądy-Woniecko
Szczuka
Krajewo
Chudek
Dwór
Małowidz
Jabłonowo
Cirpięta
Wilkasy I-3
Karolewo H-3
Spychowo H-5
Głotowo D-3
Bogaczewo I-3
Marwica B-3
Pusta
541
Słoszewy
Dźwierznia
Długokąty
Łaziska
-Kolonia
Zawady
Wielkie
Czarnotrzew
Górzno
Dłutowo
Miastkowo Stańczyki L-1
CiboryRivers, canals
Dąbrówko
Kuklin
Wlk.
Łęck
C-7
Kąty
B-3
Gołdap
K-1
Piławki
C-5
Boreczno
B-4
Marzewo
B-3
Kretki Duże
560
Kosaki
Kupno
Ulatowo-Pogorzel
Drozdowo
Chojny Młode
Ulatowo-Adamy
Ożary
Drogoszewo
Dzierzgówek
Gotkowo
61
Chmieloń
Niechłonin
Gołęckie
Narzym
Giżyckoarew
Durlasy
Oberwia
Wojnowo H-5Zawady
Stare Jabłonki D-5
Godkowo C-3 Baranowo Kętrzyn H-3
Pisz I-5
Bramka C-4
Mażany
H-3
Zieluń
Rywociny
Łapinóżek
Wronka
Wielkie
Uniszki
Księte
Wielki
N
Kalinówka8
Wawrowo
areas
Built-up
Konarzyce
Olszewka
Gnojno
Wolisko
J-3
Kiełpiny
C-7
Stare
Juchy
J-3,4
Grabin
C-5
Pluski
E-5
Braniewo
C-1
Mikołajki
H-4
Wąsosze
Karw
Piekiełko
Rodziki
Zawadzkie
Goski-Wąsosze
Krutyń
-Basie
Iłowo-Osada
Pszczółczyn
Łęg Przedmieście Płoskinia C-2
Łążek
Osiek
Duże
Wopławki
H-3
Kisielice
A-5
Stawiguda
E-5
Grabowo
J-2
Bratian
B-6
Milejewo
B-2
Kretki Małe
Zalesie
Jastrząbka
Rakowo-Czachy
Szczepankowo
Podgórze
Dzieżgowo
Wyszel
Krzynowłoga
Jednorożec Grodziczno B,C-6
J. Mamry Lakes
Krajewo
Petrykozy
Konopały Nowe
Rydzewo
Szwendrowy
Giełczyn
Krępa
Świedziebnia
Wozławki
F-3
Kociołek
Szlachecki
I-5
Sterławki
Wielkie
H-3
Płośnica
C-7
Brąswałd
E-4
Miłomłyn
C-5
Krop
Windyki
-Osada
Dłutówka Grabówek
Zembrzyce-Króle
Mała
Pniewo
Budy Prywatne
Szumsk
Most
Wąpielsk
Janowo
Kobylaki-Szczepanki
Woźnice I-4
Korsze G-2
D-6
Grodzisko J-2
Pogrodzie B-2
Brodnica A-7
Miłakowo C-3 Teodorowo
Rutki-Kossaki
Łątczyn Stębark Tarnowo
Sarnowo
Kobylin-Borzymy Gajk
Czaplice
Kośiły
Nowa
Sławogóra
Kęczewo
Wydminy
J-3
Kowale
Oleckie
K-2
Stoczek
Klasztorny
F-2
Gronowo
Elbląskie
A-3
Popielno
I-4,5
Brzeźno
Łyńskie
E-6
Miłki
I-3
Włościanski
63
Mężenin
Ołdaki
Kłuśno
Strzygi
Wólka Rakowska
Zduny Okalewo
Koziki
8
8
616
Turza
Wysoka Wieś C-6
D-7Wieś Zach.
Stopki G-1
Gródki C-7
Pozezdrze I-2
Buczyniec B-3
Młynary B-2
Nowa
679
Dębsk
Gościeszka
Romany-Sebory
RóżaniecKozłowo
671
Forests
Łanięta
Kołomyje
Długie
Ruszkowo
Stare Grabowo
Pruszki
Grunwald
Wierzowo
Dębnik
Wielka
Osówka
villages
and
Towns
Płocziczno
Rzęgnowo
Zajezierze B-4
Kurzętnik B-7
Suchacz A-2
Grunwald D-6
Purda
F-5
Budry I-2
544 Morąg C-4
Puchały
Michałki
Dzbenin
Chojnowo
Zabiele
563
Wygoda
Wielkie
J. Dłuskie
Drążdzewo
marked by pictograms
Jastrzębiec
Zofiewo
Marianki
Zalewo B-4
Kraplewo C-5
Susz Dębowo
A-5
Gryźliny D-5Grabowo
Pranie H-5
Bynowo C-5
Morliny C-5
Garlino
57
Szła
Lipa
Stare Wnory
Gulbiny
Czajki
Zielona
Lipowiec
Szydłowo
Kleczkowo
Raki Górowo Iławeckie E-2
Wojnówka
Truskolas
Sinogóra
Radomin
Racibory
Wiadrowo
Pawłowo
Ruzieck Krosno B-3
Radgoszcz Zatoka C-5
Sząbruk D-5
Raczki Elbląskie A-3
Całuny B-3
Mostkowo
D-4
Mleszczówka
Borkowo
Olszewo
Borki
Canoe route
Czyżewo
Karolewo
Stary Susk
CzachyBądzyn
-Lochy
Kościelny
Kościelne
Mchowo
Elbląg
KozikiZielonka
Pasłęcka
B-3
Krosno
D-3
Szczepanki
J-3
Grzechotki
C-1
Radzieje
H-2
Cierzpięty
I-4
Mrągowo
G-4
544
Wnory
Boksy
Sodłowo
Stara
534
Kuleszewo-Szajec
Wę
Kołaki
Podkrajewo
Brudnice
Amelin
7
Syberia
PoryteElbląg Canal Route
Gucele
Grądy
Olsztyn
gie
-Konopki
Ostrowite
Wiechy
Żytkiejmy
L-1
Kruklanki
I-3
Szczytno
F-6
Guzowy
Piec
D-5
Rapa
J-1
Dąbrówno
C-6
Nadbrzeże
A-2
Kępa
Giednio
Niegocin
Rypin
rka
Rzekuń
Cieszki
Żuromin
-Jabłoń
Zbrzeźnica
Śniadowo
Wiśniewo
Kołaki Kościelne
Nożewo
626 I-3
Bartniki
Okalewo
Stępowo
Mamina
Żywkowo
E-1
Kruklin
Szeska Góra
Ignalin E-2544
Reszel G-3
Dobre Miasto E-3
Nidzica E-7
Kijewice
MięczkiK-2
Ziemaki
534
PiegłowoGrunwald Loop
Olszewko
Brzuze
Troszyn Dąbek
Grudusk
Bogurzyn
Raczyny
Żebry-Stara
Kulesze
Zamość
Wyszyny
Warszawa
Mostkowo
Pietrzyk
-Wieś
Krutyń
H-5
Szymbark
B-5
Iława
B-5,6
Rozogi
H-6
Dobrocin
C-4
Nowe
Miasto
Kosiny
Krasnosielce
Czernice
Olszewo
Obrąb
Godziszewy
Ugoszcz
Wieś
Nidzgóra
Kościelne
563
Wiśniewo
Kościelne
CopernicanBruszewo
Route
Bartoszowe
Rabędy
ChodkowoKrzyżany H-3
Świątki D-4
Iłowo-Osada
Ruciane-Nida
H-5
Dobrzyki
B-4
Lubawskie B-6
Sokoły
Borowe
627
PieniceD-8
Przywitowo
61
Poniatowo
Borzymin
Stara
Chrostowo
-KuchnyE-5
Nowe Garkowo
Dylewo
544
Kowalki
KalinowoŁysakowo
Kurki E-6
Święta Lipka G-3
Janowiec Kościelny E-7
Rybno C-7
Dorotowo
Ogonki I-2
Słupsk
Kosiny
Stare
678
Perk
Proszkowo
Jastrzębska
Masurian
Fortifications
Route
556
Żale
Chromakowo
Dąbek
-Sołki
Skrwitno
Nowy
Solec E,F-7
Laseczno A-5
ŚwiętajnoPiski
G-6
Janowo
Rychliki B-3Stare Janki
Drulity B-3
Ogródek J-4
Borowe
Dzielin
Sypniewo
-Ma
Szczodruchy
Nadróż
Wola
Borowce
Chomsk
Stylągi
Skurdzawy
Ruż
Rostkowo
Kaczynek
Suche
Nowe
GołaszeStara
Ruś
Szreńsk Kowalewo
Wojnowo
Świętajno K-3
Jarnołtowo B-4
Okartowo I-4
Kołatki
Ruda
Jarnuty Rychnowo D-6
Żurominek
Karwacz Dubeninki K-1
Zambrowska
Zamość Lelkowo D-2
Pręczki
Przeradz
Leśniewo
Nadrowo
-Puszcza
Mościska Chrapoń
677
541
Jabłonka
Lidzbark C-7
Jedwabno F-6
Rydzewo I-3
Dylewo C-6
Olecko K-3
Leszno
Dwo
Dobrzankowo
Rochnia
ŻochyŚwięty Gaj A-3 Andrzejki
Jachuty
Grunwald
Wielki
Canal
Sadykierz
DolneThe Elbląg
Sławkowo
Kaskowo
Małocin Olsztyn
Strzałkowo
Mazury
Stary Podoś
Koziczyn
Gąsewo
Lipianka
Strzeszowo
Liberadz
Kościelna
Borowo
560
Szczepanki
Małe
Golany
Konopki
Dzwonek
Zombrzyca
Obory
Jabłonkq
Głębocz
Poduchowne
Orz
Wróblewo
Bobin
Długobórz
Rogowo
Płomiany
Sosnowo
Dunaj
616
Rogówko
Wielki
Lutocin
Rząśniki
Madusy
Stawiszyn-Łaziska
Zawady
Wola
Gniazdowo
J. Urszulewskie
Gostkowo
Lipa
Jabłoń
Bogata
Bramura
Dąbrowa
Ostrożne
Czerwin
66
Zeńbok
Lubotyńskie
Wielkie
Młynarze
Dworskie
Wierzbowska
Kobyla
Żabin
Drogiszka
Kościelna
Stawęcin
Stary Kobrzyniec
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