Predogled notranjih strani priročnika Angleščina 1

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Samostalnik
V angleščini lahko pred samostalnik postavimo nedoločni, določni ali ničti/nulti člen.
Nedoločni člen
Nedoločni člen predstavljata besedici a in an, ki ju uporabimo pred števnimi samostalniki v ednini, pomenita pa en, eden izmed mnogih, ko govorimo o stvareh na splošno. An se uporablja pred samostalniki,
ki se pričnejo s samoglasniki (a, e, i, o, u), a pa pred samostalniki, ki se pričnejo s soglasniki, pri čemer
moramo upoštevati izgovorjavo, ne pisavo posameznih besed. Izgovorjava obeh besed mora biti tekoče
povezana.
an + samoglasnik (a, e, i, o, u)
a + soglasnik
an elephant
an eraser
an hour*
a book
a dog
a coat
POZOR!
V splošnem potrebujejo vsi
števni samostalniki člen .
Primer:
I bought a present.
NE I bought present.
*POZOR! Črke h pri branju ne izgovorimo, zato je spredaj an.
Če pred samostalnikom stoji pridevnik, ki ta samostalnik opisuje, moramo a/an prestaviti pred pridevnik
in upoštevati pravilo, da an uporabimo pred pridevniki, ki se pričnejo s samoglasniki in a pred pridevniki, ki se pričnejo s soglasniki. Če pridevniku ne sledi samostalnik, člena a/an pred pridevnikom ne
uporabimo.
Primer: It‘s a book . It‘s interesting. It‘s an interesting book .
A/an prav tako ne uporabljamo z neštevnimi samostalniki ali s samostalniki v množini. Namesto a/an
lahko uporabimo some.
Primer: I would like some biscuits and some tea.
Raba in primeri nedoločnega člena v povedih
A ali an uporabljamo, ko:
besedo prvič omenimo in o njej še nič ne vemo, Wow! That is a beautiful house.
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ko poimenujemo stvar, ki je ena izmed mnogih,
Look! I’ve got a big red bicycle.
pred poklici,
My mum is a doctor.
My dad is an engineer.
I will be a mechanic when I grow up.
za glagoli be in have,
Terry is a girl.
Bob has got a model car.
pred navedbami količin,
The meat costs $5 a kilo.
The pears cost $3 a pound.
ko navajamo, kako pogosto se neko dejanje
ponavlja,
I workout once a day.
I work 6 days a week.
You are allowed to drive 130 km an
hour on the highway.
v nekaterih frazah in vzklikih,
What a …
a bath
‘A little’ pomeni nekaj
(v pozitivnem smislu),
‘little‘ pa pomeni malo.
a shower
a few
(a) little
a lot of
What a beautiful day!/What a day!
I can‘t answer the phone now,
I‘m having a bath.
My brother‘s having a shower.
Lend me a few dollars, please.
There‘s a little milk left in the fridge.
We‘ve got a lot of homework today!
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Določni člen
Določni člen predstavlja beseda the. Uporabimo jo lahko pred števnimi in neštevnimi samostalniki, kadar
govorimo o specifičnih stvareh, ki so edine (na svetu) ali če samostalnik omenimo že drugič, torej takrat,
ko nam je že znan ali vsi vemo, o kateri stvari govorimo.
Primer:There is a small house at the end of the street. The house has got small green windows and a
big garden. The garden is full of flowers.
Raba in primeri določnega člena v povedih
The uporabljamo:
s samostalniki, ki so edinstveni, ponavadi
edini na svetu,
the earth, the moon, the sun, the Eiffel Tower
če je samo eden predstavnik svoje vrste
(zmagovalec je lahko samo eden),
He’s the winner of the game.
kadar sledi zveza z … of,
the Tower of London
z glasbenimi inštrumenti in plesi,
the drums/the waltz
z nazivi brez lastnih imen,
the Queen, the President, the Pope
s presežniki pridevnikov,
the best, the highest, the most interesting
Triglav is the highest mountain in Slovenia.
s števniki,
the first, the second, the third, the seventy-eighth
z zgodovinskimi obdobji in dogodki,
the Renaissance, the French Revolution,
the Dark Ages
z določenimi besedami,
the country(side), the seaside, the beach,
the weekend, the world, the radio, the cinema,
the theatre, the station, the shop, the cinema,
the cafe, the library, the city, the village, the garden,
the kitchen
s stranmi neba,
the South, the North, the East, the West.
z določenimi besedami, ki nastopajo v vlogi
pridevnika,
the only, the last, the first
z deli dneva,
in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening
s priimki, kadar poimenujemo člane celotne
družine,
the Greens
s pripadniki narodnosti, če se končajo
na -ch, -sh ali-ese,
the Dutch, the Welsh, the Chinese.
Slovenes/the Slovenes, Americans/the Americans
s pridevniki, ki so rabljeni kot množinski
samostalniki,
the poor, the rich, the unemployed, the deaf,
the privileged.
s števnimi samostalniki v ednini, če gre za
izum/idejo, ko govorimo o njem/njej na
splošno,
I think the shower was a great invention!
pred poimenovanji:
kinov, hotelov, gledališč, muzejev, galerij,
časopisov in revij, ladij, organizacij,
pred imeni:
rek, morij, skupin otokov ali držav, gorskih
verig, puščav, oceanov, kanalov in prekopov.
*ostale narodnosti
v množini lahko
uporabljamo z ali
brez določnega
člena the
*night, noon
in midnight
nimajo člena!
the Kolosej, the Hilton, the London Palladium
the Louvre, the Piccadilly Gallery, the New York
Times, the Titanic, the UN
the Thames, the Mediterranean Sea, the Maldives,
the USA, the Alps, the Sahara Desert, the Atlantic
Ocean, the Suez Canal
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Nulti/ničti člen
Nulti člen pomeni, da člena pred samostalnikom ni. Člena ni pred števnimi samostalniki v množini
(books, children) in pred neštevnimi samostalniki (flour), ker v takih primerih govorimo o ljudeh ali stvareh na splošno (tights, jeans, food).
Primer: I like milk . NE I like the milk.
He builds buildings. NE He builds the buildings.
Women are as smart as men! NE The women are as smart as the men!
Na str. xy si
natančneje poglej,
kaj so števni in
neštevni samostalniki .
Raba in primeri nultega/ničtega člena v povedih
Člena ne uporabljamo:
z lastnimi imeni,
Isabella comes from Italy.
pred svojilnimi zaimki,
pred besedami father/mother/home,
kadar govorimo o svojem domu/starših,
pred nazivi, katerim sledi lastno ime,
pred športi, igrami, aktivnostmi, barvami,
pijačami, obroki hrane, dnevi, meseci,
prazniki in jeziki, kadar ne sledi beseda
language,
This isn’t your jacket.
Mother and Father are at home.
The German
language is very
complicated .
Queen Elizabeth, President Kennedy
I always have soup for lunch. I never drink Cola.
My favourite colour is orange. Tom likes
His wife went
watching football. I speak German
to the hospital
and French.
to visit him.
pred stavbami in stvarmi, kadar se uporabljajo Mr Tompson was taken to hospital.
z namenom, zaradi katerega obstajajo:
I go to school. (I am a student).
My mum goes
bed, school, college, university, church,
to the school for a
hospital, prison, court.
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z besedo work (prostor, kjer delamo),
My mum is at work.
v frazi by + prevozna sredstva,
by train, by bus, by car
z imeni za bolezni,
My dad’s got diabetes.
pred državami,
Slovenia
pred mesti,
Los Angeles
pred ulicami,
Hollywood Street
pred trgi,
Trafalgar Square
pred mostovi,
London Bridge
pred postajami,
Waterloo Station
pred parki,
Central Park
pred gorami,
Triglav, Everest
pred otoki,
Sardinia, Cyprus
pred jezeri,
Lake Bled
pred kontinenti,
Europe
z imeni trgovin, kavarn, restavracij,
bank in hotelov, ki nosijo ime ustanovitelja
in se končajo na -s ali ‘s,
pred besednimi zvezami, kadar je prva
beseda lastno ime ali kraj.
Henry’s Cafe,
Barclays Bank
Charles de Gaulle Airport,
Buckingham Palace
the White House , ker
white ni lastno ime
parent-teacher meeting
every two months.
in the car, on the bus
flu/the flu, measles/the
measles, mumps/the mumps
the Netherlands,
the USA, the UK
the High Street,
the Strand , the
Bristol Road ,
the A4, the M1
motorway
the
the
the
the
Bridge of Sighs,
Golden Gate Bridge ,
Severn Bridge ,
Forth Bridge
the Black Swan restaurant,
ker‚ ‘black swan‘ ni lastno
ime , ni ime osebe ali kraja.
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1. Vpiši nedoločni člen a ali an.
interesting book
2.
excellent lesson
3.
actor
4.
never-ending story
5.
airport
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unit
7.
hour
8.
very enjoyable film
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diary
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POZOR!
Ko predstavimo skupino
ljudi , stvari ali živali , lahko
uporabimo 'a‘/‘an‘ ali 'the‘ ali
ničti člen .
Primer:
A dog is smarter that a rabbit. /
The dogs are smarter that the
rabbits. / Dogs are smarter than
rabbits.
Primer: a playfull kitten
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2. Dopolni povedi z nedoločnim členom a ali an.
Primer: She is a painter.
1. There‘s
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overhead projector in our classroom.
2. I‘ve got
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idea!
3. Is there
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apple or
4. I‘m having
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5. Is there
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4
banana in your handbag?
cup of tea.
library in your town?
6. My mother is
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honest person.
3. Vstavi a, an, the ali 0.
Primer: There‘s a girl. The girl is cute.
1.What
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expensive car!
2.I always sleep late in
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2
morning. In
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night I play computer games. I often go to
3. I feel sorry for
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5. Where are
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8
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6. There are two sights I‘d like to see one day:
Bridge of Sighs in
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7. He plays basketball four times
9.
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bed at
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midnight.
Kolosej with me tomorrow?
children? They‘re playing in
8. Our parents went to
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poor.
4. Ana, would you like to go to
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afternoon I usually meet up with my friends and at
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bedroom.
Golden Gate Bridge in
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San Francisco and
Venice.
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week.
theatre last night.
breakfast is my favourite meal of
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day.
10. I am always in trouble so I am not happy when I see my mum coming to
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school
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4. V spodnje besedilo vstavi a, an, the ali 0.
My name is
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Charles Bristol. My favourite sport is
I enjoy having
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when we have
I live in
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warm hot dog for
break at
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city. My
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minutes to get there by
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quiz day at
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breakfast and I always drink
bus. I usually take
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My best friend,
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30
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7.30 bus from
school I catch sight of
school. It was lots of fun, ___
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3
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19
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winner of
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Sprite
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England.
Central Station in
Barkley Square. Yesterday, we had
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guitar and we all sang.
President of
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Washington?‘ and ‚When exactly can you visit
Thomas, was
green,
home. It takes me fifteen
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Harry played ___
Obama
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Coke or
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school. I am sixteen years old and I come from
I remember some of the questions, like: ‚Is
White House in
cricket, my favourite colour is
school is ten kilometres away from my
Park Street. On my way to
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5
2
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Buckingham Palace?‘
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quiz and I was
USA?‘ or ‚Is
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second! I loved it!
5. Vstavi a, an, the ali 0.
Celeste Blanc is
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sales manager for
Africa. She works 24 hours
sometimes takes
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5
16
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Hall Designs Bags for
day, seven days
month. She‘s
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of
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world. Being responsible for
to
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Netherlands and
famous attractions like
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27
8
12
18
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Europe and
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home in
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Berlin.
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friend of hers says she‘s too busy to see her
France, her family in
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UK and to
Queen Elizabeth in
finds the time to see her parents, she flies to
kilometres from her parents‘ house.
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German man and lives in
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Germany and
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20
rest
Slovenia as well. She‘s seen many
Tower of London and natural phenomena like
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Northern
sales in her large region, she has to travel a lot. She‘s been
Russia, to
Mediterranean Sea. She‘s also met
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important job and she‘s paid over
French, but she‘s married to
Germany with her family. She has two daughters.
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week. After working so hard for months, she
Paris. She does
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because she‘s split between her family in
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6
day off and does nothing. She stays at
company she works for is based in
€7000
2
32
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Alps and
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city of London. Whenever she
Charles de Gaulle Airport which is only ten
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Števni in neštevni samostalniki
V angleščini delimo samostalnike na:
Števne (countable)
NEŠTEVNE (uncountable)
Te samostalnike lahko
(pre)štejemo in jih
postavimo v množino.
Te samostalnike uporabljamo samo v edinini.
Stvari, ki jih poimenujejo, ne moremo (pre)šteti. Opisujejo neko celoto, od katere lahko vzamemo le en del. K neštevnim samostalnikom
prištevamo snovna, pojmovna in skupna imena,
množinske samostalnike, znanosti, jezike, igre
in športe ter bolezni.
ednina
množina
a book
books
an elephant elephants
children
a child
ednina
množina
juice
meat
oil
tennis
Economics
Spanish
baseball
flu
NE tvorijo množine!
Števni samostalniki
Števne samostalnike lahko uporabljamo v ednini (a television) ali jih postavimo v množino (televisions).
Množina samostalnikov
Množino samostalnikov tvorimo tako, da samostalniku v ednini dodamo končnico –s in odstranimo
nedoločni člen a/an. Obstajajo pa posebnosti, predstavljene v spodnji tabeli.
Primer:
ednina
množina
a balloon
balloons
a computer
computers
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1. s/ss/ch/sh/x/z +es
6.
a bus
buses
a leaf
leaves
a kiss
kisses
a loaf
loaves
a church
churches
a housewife
housewives
a bush
bushes
a knife
knives
a box
boxes
a wolf
wolves
a buzz
buzzes
a shelf
shelves
a calf
calves
2. soglasnik+yà y + ies
a half
halves
a country
countries
a life
lives
a baby
babies
a self
selves
a thief
thieves
3.
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f/fe ➝ +ves
o +es
f/fe ➝ +s
a potato
potatoes
7.
a tomato
tomatoes
a roof
roofs
a belief
beliefs
o +s
4.
(glasbila, okrajšave, lastna imena)
a chief
chiefs
a cliff
cliffs
a piano
pianos
a safe
safes
a photo
photos
a giraffe
giraffes
a kilo
kilos
a memo
memos
a zoo
zoos
f/fe ➝ +ves/+s
8.
(nekateri samostalniki poznajo obe obliki)
an Eskimo
Eskimos
a scarf
scarfs/scarves
a radio
radios
a hoof
hoofs/hooves
a video
videos
a studio
studios
a handkerchief
handkerchiefs/
handkerchieves
5.
o +s/es
(nekateri samostalniki poznajo obe obliki)
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a buffalo
buffalos/buffaloes
a mosquito
mosquitos/mosquitoes
a volcano
volcanos/volcanoes
a zero
zeros/zeroes
a flamingo
flamingos/flamingoes
a tornado
tornados/tornadoes
9. Nekateri samostalniki latinskega ali grškega
izvora tvorijo množino tako, da jim dodamo
grško ali latinsko pripono.
a basis
bases
a crisis
crises
a terminus
termini
a criterion
criteria
a phenomenon
phenomena
a stimulus
stimuli
a datum
data
a medium
media
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10. Nepravilna množina
Ednina
Množina
a tooth
teeth
a foot
feet
a goose
geese
Ednina
oo ➝ ee
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Čeprav se boš moral vse te
oblike naučiti na pamet, bodi
pozoren , saj lahko ponekod
najdeš podobnosti
pri spremembi .
Ednina
Množina
Množina
a sheep
sheep
a man
men
a fish
fish
a policeman
policemen
a deer
deer
a woman
women
a bison
bison
Ednina
Množina
a trout
trout
a child
children
a salmon
salmon
a mouse
mice
a crossroads
crossroads
an ox
oxen
a means
means
a person
people
a series
series
a louse
lice
a species
species
a dice
dice
a spacecraft
spacecraft
an aircraft
aircraft
a hovercraft
hovercraft
a ➝e
Ni
spremembe!
POZOR!
Če je besedna zveza sestavljena iz dveh besed ,
praviloma končnico –s/-es dodamo zadnji besedi
(‘a ball game’ ➝ ‘ball games’, ‘a frying pan’ ➝ ‘frying pans’), izjema so zloženke , kjer dva samostalnika povezuje predlog ali če je v besedni zvezi en
sam samostalnik . V takem primeru se končnica
–s/-es doda prvemu samostalniku. (‘a mother-inlaw’ ➝ ‘mothers-in-law’).
2. Iz spodnjih besed v ednini tvori množino in jih razvrsti v stolpce glede na pravila.
a diary
a tooth
a toy
a brush
a lady
a child
a radio
a series
a glass
a key
a louse
a fish
a foot
a computer
a means
a woman
a knife
a party
a potato
a lamp
a radiator
+s s/ss/ch/ soglasnik+y
o
sh/x/z +es ➝ y + ies
+es
a tornado
a fly
an Eskimo
a match
a torch
a buffalo
a hive
o +s
an ox
a disc jockey
a mosquito
a bench
a wolf
a gate
a scarf
a datum
a giraffe
a tent
a roof
a shelf
a crisis
a zoo
a tomato
a spy
a class
a sandwich
a witch
a hoof
a medium
o
f/
f/fe
f/fe
latinski
nepravilna
+s/es fe+ves ➝ +s
➝ +ves/+s in grški
množina
samostalniki
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Neštevni samostalniki
Nekateri samostalniki so neštevni. To pomeni, da nimajo množinske oblike (jim ne dodajamo končnice
-s in pred njimi ne moremo uporabiti nedoločnega člena a/an). Za njimi uporabljamo edninsko obliko
glagola, razen v primerih, ki so razloženi spodaj.
Snovna imena
Pojmovna imena
(tekočine, trdne snovi,
(pojmi)
plini, hrana, pijača ...)
cheese
water
mustard
toothpaste
blood
tea
coal
air...
happiness
anger
behaviour
+ IS business
work
advice
news*
+ IS
Skupna
imena
Množinski
samostalniki
family
company
class
stuff
couple
group
crowd
+ ARE team
fruit
furniture
homework
jewellery
+ IS
money
rubbish
police
cattle
*Edninsko obliko glagola
uporabljamo tudi pred
samostalniki , ki se končajo
na –s, saj niso množinski
(npr. news, mathematics).
+IS/ARE
Kadar se skupna imena
nanašajo na skupino ljudi ,
jim včasih sledi edninska,
včasih pa množinska oblika
glagola, odvisno od tega, ali
imamo v mislih posamezne
člane skupine (množina/’are’)
ali skupino kot celoto
(ednina/’is’).
glasses
jeans
shorts
pyjamas
tights
socks
+ARE
Nekateri samostalniki
imajo samo množinsko
obliko, zato za njimi
vedno uporabljamo
množinsko obliko
glagola (‘are’).
Pred neštevne samostalnike lahko postavimo this, that, some/any, no, much, what, some, such,
a lot of, a little, much ali besede, ki izražajo količino ali embalažo.
V pogovorni angleščini količine ni potrebno omeniti, kadar smo prepričani, da nas bo poslušalec razumel. Tako lahko v restavraciji naročimo two cups of teas ali pa preprosto two teas. Natakar bo namreč
vedel, da želimo dve skodelici čaja. Na ta način neštevni samostalnik postane števni.
three ice-creams
(= three portions of ice-cream)
four cakes
(= four pieces of cake)
a coffee
(= a cup of coffee)
two juices
(= two glasses of juice)
Poznamo še druge načine, kako neštevne samostalnike štejemo: uporabimo besede in besedne zveze
za izražanje količine v litrih in kilogramih, besede, ki izražajo embalažo in ostale fraze, ki označujejo količino:
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a kilo / a pound of apples
a flash / bolt of lightning
a tin/ a can of salmon
a game of basketball
an item of news
a carton of orange juice
a slice of bread
a piece of cake
a packet of spaghetti
a cup / a pot of tea
a pound of cheese
a glass / a bottle of wine
a bar of chocolate
a pair of trousers
a lot of / lots of homework
a bit of news
a jar of marmalade
a sheet of paper
a box of chocolates
a tube of toothpaste ...
NAMIG:
Največkrat so neštevni
tisti samostalniki , ki jih
merimo v kilogramih in
litrih ali jih kupimo v
razni embalaži .
*
*
vaje
vaje
razlaga
razlaga *
test
test
rešitve
rešitve
1
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1. Ali so spodnji samostalniki števni (C = countable), neštevni (U = uncountable) ali
množinski (P = plural)?
Primer: trousers P
pyjamas
1
sadness
4
music
7
trout
9
government
2
furniture
5
knickers
8
politeness
10
yoghurt
11
2. Vstavi samostalnik + of, da izraziš količino. Včasih je možnih več odgovorov.
Primer: a jar of jam
1. a
1
advice
6. a
6
oil
2. a
2
jeans
7. a
7
lemonade
3. a
3
sugar
8. a
8
information
4. a
4
thunder
9. a
9
bread
5. a
5
basketball
10. a
10
lightning
3. Spodnje neštevne samostalnike spremeni v števne, kot kaže primer.
Včasih je možnih več odgovorov.
Primer: toothpaste – three tubes of toothpaste
1. paper – three
1
6. flour – six
6
2. sardines – two
2
7. chocolate – three
7
3. furniture – four
3
8. jewellery –two
8
4. tea – two
4
9. billiards – five
9
5. news – two
5
10. yoghurt – two
10
4. Preberi časopisni članek in podčrtaj pravilne oblike števnih in neštevnih samostalnikov in
pravilne oblike glagolov.
Garcia Factory for Bilston
Garcia Clothing Company from London is going to build a brand new factory in Bilston
This/These1 news was/were2 announced yesterday by Mr Eli Garcia, the company’s owner
and director. Mr Garcia had spent a week in Bilston preparing all the paper/papers3 for the construction
before he returned back to the headquarter/headquarters4 in London.
Garcia Clothing Company has/have5 been in existence for 99 years. Having a new factory in Bilston
next year is a part of a big celebration for being on the market for 100 years. The company is/are 6
famous for its waterproof clothing. Their dressmakers have a lot of experience/experiences7 in
designing clothes for camping and other sports activities, like trouser/trousers8, jacket/jackets9
and tent/tents10, as well as other sports equipment/equipments11 made of fabric.
Mr Garcia will not say how many/much12 new posts will be in Bilston, but our information/informations13
is/are14 that there could be as many as 350. The news is/are15 welcome, because it is hard to find work/
works16 these days.
15
1*
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razlaga test
vaje
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rešitve
➤
Čas: 25 minut
Točke:
80–70 = 5
69–60 = 4
Zbrane točke in ocena: 80/
59–50 = 3
49–40 = 2
1. Vstavi nedoločni člen a ali an. Mr Baker seems to be
Would you like
2
Tijana is not
4
1
angry man.
glass of orange juice and
3
piece of cake?
English name.
Look at that car! It‘s
5
expensive car, isn‘t it?
2. Quiz
1.Is
1
Ottawa
a) Yes
2.Is
b)
4
b)
7
8
4. What is
a)
a) In
14
15
5
highest mountain in
3
Canada?
6
world?
Maltese Islands?
b) in
highest mountain in
Triglav
5. Where is
capital of
Mediterranean Sea
10
12
2
16/
No
3. Where are
a) in
No
Everest
a) Yes
5/
b)
13
9
11
Adriatic Sea
Slovenia?
Stol
Hudson River?
USA
b) in
16
Australia
3. Povedi dopolni s členi: a, an, the ali 0.
10/
1. Our car can go at 220 km ___1 hour.
2.Tina, where‘s ____2 scarf I lent you last week?
3.I haven‘t seen you for ages! Do you still live in _____3 San Francisco?
4.Bella‘s mother works as _____4 interpreter.
5. What do you usually have for _____5 breakfast?
6.'Can you tell me the way to _____6 nearest post office?‘ ‚Of course. Go along ____7 Style Street and
turn left when you get to ____8 cinema.
7. 'I saw ____9 interesting film last week.‘ 'Oh! What was ____10 film about?‘
16
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razlaga test
vaje
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rešitve
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4. V spodnje besedilo vstavi množino samostalnikov, ki so v oklepaju. There are many different
1
a lot of bigger
2
10/
(species) of animals in Ljubljana zoo. Although there are quite
(zoo) in Europe, I like the one in Ljubljana because there is a lot to see
in it. One can observe native
3
(animal) as well as animals from around the world. It takes
you approximately three hours to walk around it. I love the birds singing and this is how I recharge my
4
(battery). We always stop to see the
and the colourful
7
5
(monkey), the
(fish) that my daughter enjoys watching. I always see
(child) laughing and running around like crazy. I love seeing happy
hundreds of
10
6
(giraffe)
8
9
(face)! We‘ve taken
9/
10/
(photo) while visiting the zoo, I‘m sure!
5. Ali so spodnji samostalniki števni (C = countable),
neštevni (U = uncountable) ali množinski (P = plural)?
knowledge
1
trunks
4
trousers
7
men
2
advice
5
tights
8
anger
3
kisses
6
teeth
9
6. Vstavi samostalnik + of, da izraziš količino. 1. a ______________1 iced tea
6. a ______________6 paper
2. a ______________2 chalk
7. a ______________7 cake
3. a ______________3 chocolate
8. a ______________8 macaroni
4. a ______________4 chocolates
9. a ______________9 socks
5. a ______________5 wood
10. a ______________10 cheese
7. Dopolni povedi s samostalniki v njihovi edninski ali množinski obliki.
4/
people
All
Many
2
of the world should have enough to eat.
1
were waiting for the doctor.
scale
The earthquake was 7.0 on the Richter
I weighed myself on the
.
3
.
4
17
1*
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razlaga *
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Obvladam?
Uporabljati znam nedoločni člen (a/an).
Uporabljati znam določni člen (the).
Uporabljati znam nulti/ničti člen.
Tvoriti znam množino samostalnikov.
Poznam posebnosti pri tvorbi množine (nepravilna množina), npr. a sheep – sheep.
Poznam razliko med števnimi in neštevnimi samostalniki.
Poznam embalažo, v kateri kupujemo določene izdelke (npr. a carton of milk), in vem,
kako izraziti količino neštevnih samostalnikov (npr. a bar of chocolate).
Nedoločni člen, določni člen, nulti/ničti člen
Števni in neštevni samostalniki
1. 1 an, 2 an, 3 an, 4 a, 5 an, 6 a, 7 an, 8 a, 9 a.
1. 1 P, 2 U, 3 U, 4 U, 5 U, 6 P, 7 C, 8 U, 9 U.
2. 1 an, 2 an, 3 an, 4 a, 5 a, 6 a, 7 an.
2. 1 piece of, 2 pair of, 3 lump of, 4 clap/peal of, 5 game of,
6 drop of/bottle of, 7 glass of/bottle of, 8 piece of, 9 slice
of/loaf of, 10 flash/bolt of.
3. 1 an, 2 the, 3 the, 4 -, 5 -, 6 -, 7 the, 8 the, 9 the, 10 the,
11 the, 12 -, 13 the, 14 -, 15 a, 16 the, 17 -, 18 the, 19 the.
4. 1 -, 2 -, 3 -, 4 a, 5 -, 6 -, 7 -, 8 a, 9 -, 10 - , 11 the, 12 -, 13 -,
14 -, 15 the, 16 -, 17 -, 18 -, 19 -, 20 a, 21 -, 22 -, 23 the, 24 -,
25 the, 26 the, 27 the, 28 -, 29 -, 30 -, 31 the, 32 the, 33 the.
5. 1 a, 2 -, 3 -, 4 -, 5 a, 6 a, 7 a, 8 -, 9 -, 10 the, 11 -, 12 an, 13 a,
14 -, 15 a, 16 -, 17 a, 18 -, 19 -, 20 the, 21 the, 22 the, 23 the,
24 -, 25 the, 26 -, 17 the, 28 the, 29 the, 30 -, 31 the, 32 -.
3. 1 pieces of paper, 2 cans/tins of sardines, 3 pieces of furniture, 4 pots/cups of tea, 5 items/pieces of news, 6 bags
of flour, 7 bars of chocolate, 8 items/pieces of jewellery, 9
games of billiards, 10 pots of yoghurt.
4. 1 this, 2 was, 3 papers, 4 headquarters, 5 has, 6 is, 7 experience, 8 trousers, 9 jackets, 10 tents, 11 equipment, 12 many,
13 information, 14 is, 15 is. 16 work.
Množina samostalnikov
1.
+s
toys
keys
computers
lamps
radiators
hives
disk jockeys
gates
tents
s/ss/ch/sh/x soglas.
/z +es
+yà y + ies
brushes
glasses
matches
torches
benches
classes
sandwiches
witches
diaries
ladies
parties
flies
spies
o +es
o +s
potatoes radios
tomatoes Eskimos
zoos
f/
fe+ves
f/fe
à +s
knives giraffes
tornados/
shelves roofs
tornadoes
wolves
buffalo/
buffaloes
mosquitoes/
mosquitos
f/fe à latinski nepravilna
+ves/+s in grški množina
samos.
scarfs/
scarves
hoofs/
hooves
data
media
crises
teeth
children
series
lice
fish
feet
means
women
oxen
1. 1 an, 2 a, 3 a, 4 an, 5 an.
5. 1 U, 2 C, 3 U, 4 P, 5 U, 6 C, 7 P, 8 P, 9 C.
2. 1 -, 2 the, 3 -, 4 -, 5 the, 6 the, 7 the, 8 the, 9 the, 10 the,
11 -, 12 -, 13 -, 14 the, 15 the, 16 -.
6. 1 glass/bottle of, 2 bit/piece of, 3 bar of, 4 box of, 5 block
of, 6 sheet of, 7 piece of, 8 plate of/bag of, 9 pair of, 10 kilo/
pound of.
3. 1 a, 2 the, 3 -, 4 an, 5 -, 6 the, 7 -, 8 the, 9 an, 10 the.
4. 1 species, 2 zoos, 3 animals, 4 batteries, 5 monkeys,
6 giraffes, 7 fish, 8 children, 9 faces, 10 photos.
18
o +s/es