Flood Management In Malaysia - ICHARM The International Centre

Transcription

FLOOD HAZARD MAPPING SEMINAR 2009
MANILA, PHILLIPINES 17-19 FEBRUARY 2009
Flood Management In Malaysia
by
Paridah Anun bt. Tahir
Department of Irrigation and Drainage
Malaysia
Climate
Annual Rainfall
Temperature
Relative Humidity
Open Water Evaporation
: 3,000 mm
: 21 0C - 32 0c
: 80 %
: 1600 mm - 1800 mm
1
Climate
• Heavy Rainfall during North East
Monsoon affecting East Coast States
(Widespread floods)
• Intense rainstorms during inter monsoon
periods of April-May and August-October
(causing flash floods in major towns)
Annual Average Rainfall
Peninsular Malaysia 2,500 mm
Sabah
3,000 mm
Sarawak
3,500 mm
Monsoon and Convective Rainfall Pattern
THAILAD
500
KEDAH
400
mm
Kelantan
600
PERLIS
300
200
100
KELATA
TEREGGAU
0
1
PERAK
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11 12
Month
Monsoon
PAHAG
Convective
SELAGOR
600
500
EGERI
SEMBILA
400
300
MELAKA
200
JOHOR
100
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11 12
Month
2
Topography
•
•
•
•
•
•
Hilly upper reaches
Normal sloping middle reaches
(1 in 2,000)
Gentle sloping lower reaches
(less than 1 in 5,000)
Mostly subject to tidal influence downstream
Shallow river bed in flood plain due to
sedimentation
High tidal influence can cause flooding in
coastal areas
Flood Events in 2008
No of
events
No of
evacuees
Highest
depth
West
Malaysia
111
13,900
2.0 m
East
Malaysia
8
4,900
3.0 m
119
18,800
Total
22265
3
East
Malaysia
West
Malaysia
11
6
5
No of
events
22,250
17,450
4800
No of
evacuees
4.5 m
2.0 m
Highest
depth
Flood Events in 2009 (up to Feb)
Total
4
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
RECOVERY
MITIGATION
RESPONSE PREPAREDNESS
Flood Management in Malaysia
• Establishment of the Permanent
Flood Control Commission
• Carrying out basin studies
• Implementation of structural
measures
• Implementation of non-structural
measures
• Flood forecasting and warning
systems
• Establishment of flood disaster relief
machinery
5
The Permanent Flood Control
Commission
•
•
Established on 21 December 1971 following
the big flood of 1971
Presently chaired by the Minister of Natural
Resources and Environment
Terms of Reference
•
To carry out flood mitigation measures and
reduce flood occurrences
•
In the event of floods, to reduce damages,
loss of lives and properties
Flood Management in Malaysia
Structural Measures
•
•
•
•
•
•
Flood Miigation Dams
Detention Ponds
Pump Stations
Flood diversion channels
River bunds
Widening and Deepening of rivers
6
Flood mitigation dam
Detention Pond
7
OV
FLOOD MANAGEMENT
INITIATIVES
Urban Stormwater Manual (MSMA)
8
1
(Manual Saliran Mesra Alam)
2
Erosion and
sediment
control
3
Stormwater
quality
control
Stormwater
quantity
control
Concept
Control at source
3 Main Components
Approach
storage
increase in
permeability
reduce flow
Mudflow
Polluted
rivers
Flash flood
INTEGRATED RIVER BASIN
MANAGEMENT (IRBM)
The process of coordinating conservation,
management and development of water, land and
related resources across sectors within a given
river basin, in order to maximize the economic
and social benefits derived from water resources
in an equitable manner while preserving and,
where necessary, restoring freshwater
ecosystems.
(Adapted from Integrated Water Resources Management, Global
Water Partnership Technical,Advisory Committee Background
Papers, No. 4, 2000.)
9
Components of IRBM
RBOs,
DOE,
LAs,
Land
Office
Institution
Enforcement
5 Years
Developme
nt Plan,
O &M
allocation
Legislation
Public
Awareness
IRBM
Finance
Preventive
Planning
Love Our
River
Campaign,
Environment
Awareness
Campaign,
Seminars,
Workshops,
Study Visit,
Poster,
Manual,
Guidelines,
etc
Curative
Integrated River Basin Mgmt
(IRBM) Plan, River Basin
Information System(RBIS), IRBM
Blue Print, GIS, River Register,
One State One River Program etc
Water Act 1920,
EQA 74, Land Code
65, Local Govt Act
74, Sewerage
Service Act,
National Water Resources
Council, IRBM Steering
Committee, RBOs
Flood mitigation, River maintenance
& rehabilitation, Water quality
improvement - Bioremediation,
Effective Micro Organism, Activated
carbon etc.
River conservancy, Storm Water Mgmt
Manual(MASMA), Erosion & Sediment
Control Plan(ESCP), Gross Pollutant
Trap(GPT), Food, Oil & Grease
Trap(FOG), Guidelines, Gazetting River
Reserve
Integrated River
Basin
Management
Plan
DAM
(JPS)
1. RIVER CORRIDOR DEVELOPMENT
AND MANAGEMENT PLAN
DRAINAGE
(JPS)
2. CATCHMENT MANAGEMENT AND
MONITORING PLAN
3. WATER RESOURCES
DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT
PLAN
4. FLOOD MITIGATION MASTER PLAN
5. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
PLAN
6. RIVER MOUTH IMPROVEMENT
PLAN
Basically Taking Care of Quantity and Quality
Aspect of Water Resources
IRRIGATION
(JPS)
RECREATION
WATER QUALITY
FLOOD MITIGATION
(JPS)
RIVER CONSERVATION &
REHABILITATIONS
RIVER CORRIDOR
DEVELOPMENT
NAVIGATION
10
WATER RELATED LEGISLATION
No
Legislation
1
Water Act,1920
2
Geological Survey Act,1974
3
Irrigation Areas Act,1953
4
Streets,Drainage and Buildings Act,1974
5
The Forest Act,1984
6
The National Code,1985
7
The Incorporation (State Legislature Company) Act,1962
8
The Drainage Works Act,1954
9
The Fisheries Act,1985
10
Environmental Quality Act,1974
No.
Legislation
11
Land Conservation Act,1960
12
Town and Country Planning Act,1976
13
Local Government Act,1976
14
The Merchant Shipping Ordinance,1952
15
The Port Authorities Act,1963
16
The Emergency (Essential Powers) Ordinance,No.7,1969
17
Selangor Water Supply Enactment,1997
18
The Mining Enactment,1929
19
Selangor Waters Management Authority Enactment,1999
11
Flood Forecasting and warning
• Rainfall and water level
stations
• Transmission of data
• Forecasting using models
• Communications
• Flood Warning boards
• Flood siren stations
Flood Warning Siren Station
Flood Warning Boards
Sg.Kinabatangan di
Balat is at 10.49m,
exceeded the alert
level by 0.49m on
24/09/2003 08:00
SMS sent to DID officials
FLOOD INFO
http://infobanjir.moa.my
12
FLOOD HAZARD MAPS
AND FLOOD RISK MAPS
IN MALAYSIA
Policy
Programme
Implementation
Experience
Lesson Learnt
What next
FLOOD HAZARD MAPS
•
•
•
•
•
•
13
FLOOD HAZARD MAPS
Policy
RECOVERY
MITIGATION
RESPONSE PREPAREDNESS
FLOOD HAZARD MAPS
Policy
• MITIGATION
– STRUCTURAL
• INTERNAL DRAINAGE (LOCAL COUNCIL)
• CATCHMENT BASIS AND COASTAL FLOODS (DEPT OF
IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE)
– NON STRUCTURAL
• LANDUSE PLANNING (DEPT OF COUNTRY AND TOWN
PLANNING)
• DEVELOPMENT CONTROL (DID AND DCTP)
• FLOOD FORECASTING (DID)
14
FLOOD HAZARD MAPS
Policy
• PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE
SECRETARIAT
• NATIONAL SECURITY DEPARTMENT
MEMBERS
• POLICE,ARMY,PDP, FIRE AND RESCUE DEPT,
(EVACUATION)
• WELFARE DEPT , RED CRESCENT(SHELTER, FOOD AND
AID)
• DID (FLOOD FORECASTING AND WARNING)
• HEALTH MINISTRY (MEDICAL AID AND ADVISE)
• INFORMATION MINISTRY AND REMOTE SENSING
MALAYSIA (INFORMATION)
• PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT, MHB (ROAD AND
HIGHWAYS CLOSURES)
• NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD (DAM OPERATIONS)
DID’S OPERATIONAL STANDING ORDER FOR
DISSEMINATION OF CURRENT RIVER LEVEL
INFORMATION
(I)
District DID
River Level Reader
District Operation
Room
District Control
Centre (Police)
(I)
(I)
Telemetric System
State DID
State Operation Room
Contingent Control
Centre (Police)
(II)
(I) : When river level exceeds
Warning Level
(II) : When river level exceeds
Danger Level
Operation Room
National Security
Division
(II)
DID Headquarters
Malaysian Control
Centre
15
FLOOD HAZARD MAPS
Policy
• REHABILITATION
SECRETARIAT
• ECONOMIC PLANNING UNIT, PRIME MINISTERS
DEPARTMENT
REPAIRS AND REHABILITATION
• ROAD AND HIGHWAYS - PUBLIC WORKS
DEPARTMENT, MHB
• RIVERS – DID
• FARMROADS – AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT
• SCHOOLS – EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
• OTHERS
16
FLOOD HAZARD MAPS
Policy
• NO LAW OR GOVT SYSTEM REGARDING FHM
• GOVT AGREE FRM TO BE REFERRED FOR
DEVELOPMENT IN FLOOD RISK AREAS
• REQUESTED TO BE INCLUDED IN NEXT MALAYSIA
PLAN
• DEPARTMENT OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE
TAKING LEAD (CHAMPION)
– WITH COOPERATION OF GOVERNMENT
AGENCIES, COMMUNITY AND NON
GOVERNMENT ORGANISATION
FLOOD HAZARD MAPS
PURPOSE
•
PLANNING PURPOSE
(PLANNING DEPARTMENT)
•
LAND USE ZONING
•
LOCATION OF UTILITIES
•
EVACUATION (FLOOD
RESPONSE)
17
FLOOD HAZARD MAPS
PROGRAMME
FLOOD HAZARD MAPS
(FOR EVACUATION PURPOSE)
•
PILOT PROJECT AS SAMPLE
•
•
•
•
•
KOTA TINGGI
TTDI JAYA
PROCEDURE TO PRODUCE FHM
ALL FHM IN GIS DATABASE
TRAINING TO STATE LEVELS
FLOOD HAZARD MAPS
PROGRAMME
FLOOD RISKS MAPS
(FOR DEVELOPMENT AND LANDUSE PLANNING)
•
PILOT PROJECT AS SAMPLE
•
TTDI JAYA
•
ALL FLOOD MITIGATION STUDY TO INCLUDE
FRM
•
PREPARATION TERM OF REFERENCE
•
FRM TO BE IN GIS DATABASE
•
DISTRIBUTION TO DID STATES, LOCAL COUNCIL
AND TCPD
18
FLOOD HAZARD MAPS
IMPLEMENTATION
FLOOD MAPS
BASED ON
PAST EVENTS
AVAILABLE FOR WHOLE COUNTRY,
CONTOURS AVAILABLE FROM 20M. WITH
FLOOD DEPTH FOR KOTA TINGGI ONLY.
FLOOD MAPS
PRODUCED BY
HYDRAULIC
ANALYSIS
SG. DAMANSARA CATCHMENT AVAILABLE.
SIX ( 6) CATCHMENTS IN PROGRESS.
FLOOD HAZARD MAPS
19
FLOOD PRONE AREA JOHOR (SUM OF ALL EVENTS)
FLOOD EXTRACTION ( MAP SHEET JOHOR BAHRU )
SAMPLE
20
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ua
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ga
pi
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en
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ag
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a
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or
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INTA N
l ig S
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uhr
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k
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ess
ers i aran u
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n
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i
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d e B
dw i
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r ta a
P m
ro
irl n 1
g e a
o B
L n
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k
na g
n Ak ua ti
al
KayaIs t an
ng a
an
a P
J la n
e rm ta a
H E
S
L L B
T 3
Ja l a
Ja
4. M A SJ ID T TDI J A YA
G
U T
H R IE O
N 4
alJ n
Lebu
hra
ya G
u
aka
alJ n
A
st a
k aU 8
/8 3
SK B kt
Jel ut o ng
J l an
a
A
st a
k aU 8
/8 2
anA st
FLOOD RISK
MAP FOR SG
DAMANSARA
O H K
P
O N G JE W
E L E
L Y
R
alJ n
A S
B
F
ir
Pers a
SMK B kt
Jel ut o ng
P
ku Amp
uan
Ce met e ry
Are a
S2 1
IO
L N O
C N S
T
bu ng
Bu m
U 8/
90
Pe
Bu
rsia
ra
nP
asa
kB
um
i
Ja
lan
Su
ba
ng
La
ma
La ng
njak
it
Bgn OPA
SAUJANA INDAH NO 1
rt
Monfo
Jalan
SAUJANA INDAH NO 2
gU
8/ 92
U8 /92
Ja la
n Ti
an
ang
SAUJANA INDAH NO 3
LADANG BKT JELUTONG
SAUJANA INDAH NO 4
SAUJANA INDAH NO 5
SCANIA
Jal an
4. MASJID
MASJIDTTDI
TTDIJAYA
JAYA
U8/93
Jalan Tiang
rt
Monfo
TTDI
TTDI
Saujana Indah SAUJANA INDAH NO 7
Industrial Park (Talam)
SAUJANA INDAH NO 6
Jalan Tiang U8/93
Jalan Tiang U8/94
Jalan A
TMN TTDI 2A
SAUJANA INDAH NO 8
Jalan Tiang U8/94
SEK MEN TTDI
GUTHRIE NO 51
TTDI 1A
/1
U2
n
Jala
ra
ste
Sa
lan
Ja
TMN TTDI 2B
n
Jala
5
2 /3
aU
lad
Be
TTDI 1E
S
/1
ra U2
alan
Sa ste
TTDI 1C
lan
Ja
7
/4
U2
isi
Pu
4
2/2
Jalan
TTDI 2C NO 1
/28
U2
TTDI 1B
/2 9
U2
jak
Sa
a
ros
nP
Jala
TTDI
Jaya
TDI 2C NO 2
aU
tak
us
nP
Jala
Flood Depth
6m
5.5 m
5m
4.5 m
4m
3.5 m
3m
2.5 m
2m
1.5 m
1m
0.5 m
P
ran Ta
ak
P as
Per sia
an
siar
Per
mi
Ti
Jalan
iaran
Pers
PETA RISIKO
BANJIR SG.
DAMANSARA TTDI JAYA
Salas
ilah
U2/1
6
Jalan
Ilham
U2/1
4
School
(Religious)
0
2003C
TTDI
School
400 GLENMARIE
600
800
1000 Meters
21
FLOOD HAZARD MAPS
DISSEMINATION
STATE OFFICIALS (AWARENESS)
DISTRICT OFFICIALS (TO CARRY
OUT)
NGO (TO REACH OUT TO THE
COMMUNITY)
Flood Hazard Maps
ISSUES
• INSUFFICIENT DATA
• FUNDS LIMITED AND COMMITTED TO
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
• AWARENESS AMONG DIFFERENT AGENCIES
AND COMMUNITIES
• LEGALITIES, SECURITY
• POLICY
• ACCEPTABLE ACCURACY
• HUMAN CAPACITY
22
DATA SITUATION IN THE
COUNTRY (FOR ANALYSIS)
• HYDROLOGICAL DATA
• AVAILABLE FOR MOST RIVER BASINS
• TOPOGRAPHY DATA
For all river basins contour up to 20 meters
For some areas, lidar data is available or in
the progress of capturing
LIDAR VERY COSTLY
MUST FIND OTHER ALTERNATIVES
PROBLEMS IN
DISSEMINATION
Saturation level of TV, Radio, TV,
Internet and Newspaper
Different between urban areas
and rural areas
Between different socio
economic status
23
Saturation level
Urban Urban
high
low
SEG
SEG
Rural
High
SEG
Rural
Low
SEG
xx
x
x
xx
x
xx
x
x
x
TV
Radio
Internet
Newspa
per
x
xx
x
* SEG – Socio economic group
xx very influential
x
Influential
AWARENESS LEVEL
Time of floods
• High among rural communities
Preparedness to evacuate
• High among Urban communities
24
REGARDLESS OF FLOODS
Public awareness
25
PLANS FOR THE FUTURE UP
TO 2010
FLOOD MAPS
FOR ALL FLOOD
EVENTS
FLOOD HAZARD
MAPS
30
FLOOD RISK MAPS
20
REASONS FOR DIFFERENT
KINDS OF MAPS
Flood map based on inundation
analysis for development permission
in flood risk areas because
i)
More scientific, therefore trustworthy
ii) In case of legalities
iii) Higher sense of security
26
REASONS FOR DIFFERENT
KINDS OF MAPS
Flood map based on past inundation
for evacuation purpose
i)
More believable for the community
ii) Cheaper to produce
iii) Easier to do
FLOOD HAZARD MAPS
LESSONS LEARNT
IMMEDIATE COLLECTION OF DATA
ESPECIALLY FLOOD MARKS
GOOD NETWORKING WITH
RELEVANT PARTIES
DO NOT HESITATE!!
27
THANK YOU
MARAMING SALAMAT PO
28

Flood Management In Malaysia - ICHARM The International Centre

Transcription

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