DEA 1 - Elearning Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie

Pisa 12 Dicembre 2015 Prof. Daniela Proverbio Aimvet •  Associazione italiana medicina trasfusionale veterinaria •  11 Se<embre 2012 •  Università Milano, Pisa Perugia, Bologna, Teramo, Zooprofila>co di Padova •  Promuovere la crescita e la conoscenza della medicina trasfusionale •  O@obre 2015 affiliata AIVPA GRUPPI SANGUIGNI NEL CANE Prof. Daniela Proverbio, DVM, PhD
Clinica Medica dei Piccoli Animali
Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie per la Salute,
la Produzione Animale e la Sicurezza Alimentare
– Università degli Studi di Milano
Medicina Trasfusionale Cane 1 Pisa 12 Dicembre 2015 Prof. Daniela Proverbio Gruppi sanguigni Gruppi sanguigni ü AnIgeni presenI sulla membrana cellulare dei globuli rossi ü Hanno proprietà anKgeniche specifiche (aggluInanI) ü Glucidi -­‐ Glicolipidi – Glicoproteine sulla membrana ü Specie-­‐specifici ü Trasmessi per via ereditaria secondo le leggi Mendeliane di dominanza ü SImolano la produzione di Ac se introdoP in soggeP di diverso gruppo ü Responsabili reazioni trasfusionali e IN (isoeritrolisi neonatale) Medicina Trasfusionale Cane 2 Pisa 12 Dicembre 2015 Prof. Daniela Proverbio Gruppi sanguigni nel cane DEA 1 DEA 3 DEA 4 DEA 5 DEA 7 Gruppi Sanguigni nel Cane Sistema DEA Dog Erythrocyte AnKgen (7 gruppi) Gruppi sanguigni nel CANE ü DAL anKgene non correlato a DEA (Blais 2007) ü AlloanKcorpi indoP dopo trasfusione in un cane Dalmata ü Alta frequenza in varie razze ü Significato clinico da chiarire Medicina Trasfusionale Cane 3 Pisa 12 Dicembre 2015 Prof. Daniela Proverbio Gruppi sanguigni nel CANE ü DEA 1 (1.1; 1.2;1.3 espressione progressiva) 40% ü DEA 3 frequente cani orientali, 5-­‐ 60% ü DEA 4 98% ü DEA 5 25% ü DEA 7, 50% Gruppi sanguigni nel CANE Veterinary Clinical Pathology ISSN 0275-6382
•  Alta prevalenza DEA 1 + •  Bovaro Bernese, Border Collie, BullmasKff, Dalmata, Alano,Labrador, Malamute (Hale AS, 2008 USA) •  Alta prevalenza DEA 1 – •  Boxer, Pastore Tedesco, Border Collie (Riond B, 2011, Swisse) •  Greyhound alta prevalenza DEA1 -­‐ (Iazbik MC, 2010) Medicina Trasfusionale Cane B R I E F C O M M U N I C AT I O N
Prevalence of dog erythrocyte antigens in retired
racing Greyhounds
Maria Cristina Iazbik1, Margee O’Donnell2, Liliana Marin3, Sara Zaldivar3, Dawn Hudson1, C. Guillermo Couto3
1
Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; 2VCA Norwalk Animal Hospital, Norwalk, CT,
USA; and 3Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
Key Words
Blood donor, blood type, canine, DEA,
hematology, transfusion, red blood cells
Correspondence
Maria Cristina Iazbik, Veterinary Medical
Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, The
Ohio State University, 601 Vernon L. Tharp St.,
Columbus, OH 43210, USA
E-mail: [email protected]
DOI:10.1111/j.1939-165X.2010.00261.x
Background: Blood groups in dogs are designated as dog erythrocyte antigen (DEA) 1.1, 1.2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and Dal. There is limited information about
the frequency of different antigens in Greyhound dogs, despite their frequent use as blood donors.
Objectives: The aims of this study were to determine the frequencies of
DEA 1.1, 1.2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 in Greyhounds, to compare the frequencies with
those of non-Greyhound dogs, and to evaluate the presence of naturally
occurring anti-DEA antibodies.
Methods: Blood was collected from 206 Greyhound and 66 nonGreyhound dogs being screened as potential blood donors. Blood-typing
was performed at Animal Blood Resources International by tube agglutination utilizing polyclonal anti-DEA antibodies.
Results: Of the Greyhound dogs, 27/206 (13.1%) were positive for DEA
1.1, and this frequency was significantly lower (P o.0001) than for
non-Greyhound dogs of which 40/66 (60.6%) were DEA 1.1-positive. The
frequency of positivity for both DEA 1.1 and 1.2 was also lower in
Greyhounds (P o.0001). There were no significant differences between
Greyhounds and non-Greyhounds for DEA 1.2, 3, 4, 5, or 7. All 137 dogs
(113 Greyhounds and 24 non-Greyhounds) that were evaluated for
naturally occurring anti-DEA antibodies in serum were negative. A higher
percentage of Greyhound dogs (57.3%, 118/206) were considered ‘‘universal donors’’ (negative for all DEAs except DEA 4) compared with
non-Greyhound dogs (28%, 13/46).
Conclusion: The frequency of positivity for DEA 1.1 in our population of
Greyhounds was significantly lower than previously reported for dogs.
Furthermore, a large majority of Greyhounds met the criteria for universal
donors.
Blood groups were first recognized in dogs in the early
1900s. The original blood group system described by
Swisher and Young was designated by letters A through
G.1 In 1976, during the Second International Workshop
on Canine Immunogenetics, many of the blood groups
were designated as belonging to the dog erythrocyte
antigen (DEA) system, and letters were replaced by
numbers. Seven different canine blood groups have undergone international standardization, and typing sera
are available for 6 antigens: DEA 1.1, 1.2, 3, 4, 5, and 7.2
After transfusion of incompatible blood to a previously
sensitized recipient, clinical manifestations are tremors,
emesis, incontinence, fever, dyspnea, hemoglobinuria,
and hemoglobinemia.3 Owing to the potential consequences of mismatched transfusions, especially resulting
from the immunologic characteristics of DEA 1.1 and
1.2 and the limited information about the frequency of
blood types in Greyhounds, often used as blood donors,
we evaluated the DEA profiles of Greyhound dogs and
compared them with those of non-Greyhound dogs.
Because of the potential for clinical consequences of
mismatched transfusions with these groups, we evaluated the frequency of the RBC antigens in Greyhounds
and non-Greyhound dogs.
The 272 dogs evaluated in this report were presented to The Ohio State University Veterinary Medical
c
Vet Clin Pathol 39/4 (2010) 433–435 !2010
American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology
433
4 Pisa 12 Dicembre 2015 Prof. Daniela Proverbio FREQUENZA DELL’ESPRESSIONE DELL’ANTIGENE ERITROCITARIO DEA 1 NEL CANE E. Carli, DMV, PHD 1, K. Capello, StaKsKco 1, A. Carminato, DMV 1, T. Furlanello, DMV, PhD, Dip. ECVCP 2, M. T. Antognoni, DMV 3, A. Miglio, DMV, PhD, MSC 3, D. Proverbio, DMV, PhD, 4, E. Spada, DMV, PhD 4, A. Stefani, Biologo, PhD 1, M. Vascellari, DMV, 1 IsKtuto ZooprofilaPco delle Venezie, Padova, Italia 2 Laboratorio d’Analisi Veterinarie San Marco, Padova, Italia 3 Università degli studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italia 4 Università degli studi di Milano, Milano, Italia CONGRESSO INTERNAZIONALE SCIVAC, RIMINI 2015 714 CANI DIVERSE RAZZE DEA 1 POS DEA 1 NEG DOGO 100% ROTTWEILER 100% DOBERMAN 92% SEGUGIO 100% PASTORE T. 90% BOVARO B. 93% BOXER 80% SETTER I. 86% CANE CORSO 72% GOLDEN R. 75% Razze canine • 
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Bovaro del Bernese Golden Retriever Cane Corso Prevalenza gruppo Dea 1 negaIvo Dea 1 posiIvo Medicina Trasfusionale Cane 5 Pisa 12 Dicembre 2015 Prof. Daniela Proverbio Bovaro del Bernese 60 cani: 100% DEA 1 pos Golden Retriever 67 cani: 93% DEA 1 pos, 7% DEA 1 neg Medicina Trasfusionale Cane 6 Pisa 12 Dicembre 2015 Prof. Daniela Proverbio Cane corso 41 cani: 68% DEA 1 neg, 32% DEA 1 pos 592025
research-article2015
VDIXXX10.1177/1040638715592025Blood types DEA 1, 4, and 7 in galgosSpada et al.
Brief Communication
Prevalence of dog erythrocyte antigens 1, 4,
and 7 in galgos (Spanish Greyhounds)
Prevalenza Gruppi Sanguigni 150 cani Galgo 2015 DEA 1 + 54% DEA 4 + 100% DEA 7 + 7% Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation
1–4
© 2015 The Author(s)
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DOI: 10.1177/1040638715592025
jvdi.sagepub.com
Eva Spada,1 Daniela Proverbio, Luis Miguel Viñals Flórez,
Maria del Rosario Perlado Chamizo, Roberta Perego,
Giada Bagnagatti De Giorgi, Luciana Baggiani
Abstract. Galgos (Spanish Greyhounds), in common with other sighthounds, have higher hematocrits, hemoglobin
concentrations, and red blood cell counts than other breeds. In addition to these hematological characteristics, the physical
characteristics of these dogs (medium to large dogs with an easily accessible jugular vein and a good temperament) make
galgos ideal blood donors. However, to date, there are only published reports concerning dog erythrocyte antigen (DEA) 1 in
this breed. Information on DEAs 4 and 7 would be useful when recruiting blood donors to donation programs, as DEA 1 and
7–negative and DEA 4–positive dogs can be considered universal donors. Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid–anticoagulated
jugular blood samples were collected from 205 galgos. Dogs were aged between 1 and 10 years, 102 were female (49.8%)
and 103 male (50.2%), and all were living in South Madrid, Spain. All 205 blood samples were tested for DEA 1 by card
agglutination, and 150 of these samples were tested for DEA 4 and DEA 7 by gel column agglutination using polyclonal antiDEA antibodies. Of the 205 galgos blood samples typed, 112 out of 205 (54.6%) were positive for DEA 1. Of the 150 blood
samples tested, all (150/150, 100%) were positive for DEA 4, and 12 out of 150 (8%) samples tested positive for DEA 7. Of
these samples, 70 out of 150 (46.7%) were positive only for DEA 4. There was no relationship between blood types and sex.
In addition to the hematological characteristics previously reported and the physical characteristics of these dogs, the relative
prevalence of blood types DEA 1, 4, and 7 make galgos good candidates for blood donation in blood donor programs.
Key words: Blood type; canine transfusion medicine; dog erythrocyte antigen; galgos.
Dogs have a number of blood group antigens, which are
termed dog erythrocyte antigens (DEAs 1, 3, 4, 5, 7).9,21,22
Other antigen systems, not yet fully characterized, have been
reported as the Dal blood group.3 The DEA 1 blood group is
the most significant in terms of transfusion reactions. Spontaneously arising alloantibodies to DEA 1 occur at a very low
prevalence in the canine population (0.3%),9,12 but dogs can
be sensitized following an incompatible first transfusion and
can experience potentially fatal acute hemolytic reactions
with subsequent DEA 1–mismatched transfusions.7,21 The
distribution of DEAs 3, 4, 5, and 7 has been poorly studied in
comparison to DEA 1 mainly due to the limited availability
of blood-typing reagents. Spontaneously arising alloantibodies to DEAs 3, 5, and 7 are also documented9,10 and, in dogs
that have previously received a transfusion, serious hemolytic transfusion reactions have been described in response to
DEA 4 and an unidentified common red blood cell (RBC)
membrane antigen.4,14 Weak anti–DEA 7 antibodies have
been described in some dogs, and such antibodies may result
in shortened erythrocyte survival.9,10,21
The galgos is a Spanish sighthound that is very popular in
Spain. These dogs are used for sport, hunting, and as companion animals, and their importance worldwide, especially in
Europe, has increased due to adoption programs. In common
with other sighthounds, galgos have higher hematocrits,
hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations, and RBC counts than other
breeds.16 Studies have shown that blood gas values in the galgos are also commonly outside the reference limits described
for dogs; galgos have higher bicarbonate concentration,
pCO2, total carbon dioxide, total Hb content and oxygen content, and lower pH, chloride concentration, and P50 than
mixed-breed dogs.23 In addition to these hematological and
biochemical characteristics, their physical characteristics
(medium to large dogs with an easily accessible jugular vein
and a good temperament) make galgos ideal blood donors.
In galgos, the assessment of blood types is of special
interest because of the increasing use of this breed as a blood
donor.15,16 The prevalence of DEA 1 has already been shown
From the Veterinary Transfusion Unit (REV), Department of Health,
Animal Science and Food Safety (VESPA), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
(Spada, Proverbio, Perego, De Giorgi, Baggiani); Centro de Transfusión
Veterinario (CTV), Madrid, Spain (Viñals Flórez); and Laboratorio de Análisis
Clínico, Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio,
Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain (del Rosario Perlado Chamizo).
1
Corresponding Author: Eva Spada, Veterinary Transfusion Unit
(REV), Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety (VESPA),
University of Milan, via G. Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy.
[email protected]
Downloaded from vdi.sagepub.com at Biblioteca di Medicina Veterinaria on July 16, 2015
Medicina Trasfusionale Cane 7 Pisa 12 Dicembre 2015 Prof. Daniela Proverbio PREVALENCE OF DOG ERYTHROCYTE ANTIGENS 4 AND 7 IN ITALIAN CANINE BLOOD DONORS USING GEL AGGLUTINATION TECHNIQUE E. Spada1, A. Gavazza2, E. Ferro1, G. Lubas2, V. Mangili3, M.T. Antognoni3, A. Miglio3, D. Proverbio1 1Veterinary Transfusion Unit (REV), Dept. of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety (VESPA), University of Milan, Milan, Italy. 2Veterinary Transfusion Center, Dept. of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy. 3Veterinary Transfusion Unit (UNIPG), Dept. of Veterinary Clinical Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy. PREVAENZA CANI DONATORI ITALIANI 2015 DEA 1 – 59% DEA 1 + 40 % DEA 4 + 100% DEA 7 + 33% AlloanKcorpi CANE •  AnIcorpi plasmaIci naturali direP contro gli anKgeni di differente gruppo sanguigno •  American AssociaIon of Blood Banks: Ac clinicamente rilevanI se riducono emivita GR •  Nel cane Ac naturali devono essere ancora indagaK adeguatamente valutazione ripercussioni cliniche Medicina Trasfusionale Cane 8 Pisa 12 Dicembre 2015 Prof. Daniela Proverbio Gruppi sanguigni nel CANE AlloanKcorpi naturali •  DEA 1 nessuna presenza alloanIcorpi naturali in cani DEA 1 -­‐ •  DEA 7, presenza alloanIcorpi naturali 9.8-­‐50% dei DEA 7 – •  DEA 3, 5 presenza alloanIcorpi naturali basso Itolo •  AlloanIcorpi: non determinano emolisi immediata ma rimozione precoce GR trasfusi Gruppi sanguigni nel CANE DONATORE UNIVERSALE ü  Controverso donatore universale ü  Dovrebbe essere negaKvo per tuP i gruppi (1,3,5,7) tranne DEA 4 (98%+) ü DEA 1 – ü DEA 7 – ü DEA 4 + Medicina Trasfusionale Cane 9 Pisa 12 Dicembre 2015 Prof. Daniela Proverbio Gruppi sanguigni nel CANE IN PRATICA DEA 1 ü  Più comune, altamente immunogeno 40% prevalenza Unico gruppo per cui è presente ü  kit commerciale ü  valutazione rouInaria Gruppi sanguigni nel CANE DONATORE RICEVENTE •  SISTEMA DEA •  DEA: Dog Erythrocyte AnKgen POSSIAMO TESTARE •  DEA 1 POS •  DEA 1 NEG Medicina Trasfusionale Cane DEA 1 + DEA 1 + DEA 1 -­‐ DEA 1 -­‐ 10 Pisa 12 Dicembre 2015 Prof. Daniela Proverbio Gruppi sanguigni nel CANE •  DEA 1 potente immunogeno •  No anKcorpi preformaK anK DEA 1 •  Prima trasfusione con DEA 1 + sensibilizzazione con formazione di anIcorpi •  AnK-­‐DEA 1 potente emolisina Seconda trasfusione: • 
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Hburia, lisi GR, febbre, leucocitosi, PLTpenia, orIcaria Reazione trasfusionale DEA 1 + MB Callan, LT Jones, U Giger 1995 BRIEF COMMUNICATION
H e m o l y t i c T r a n s f u s i o n R e a c t i o n s in a Dog W i t h an A l l o a n t i b o d y
tr, a C o m m o n A n t i g e n
Mary Beth Callan, Leonard T. Jones, and Urs Giger
Alloantibodies to high-frequency red cell antigens, defined
as inherited traits occurring in 92% to 99% or more of the
general population, are recognized as a cause of hemolytic
transfusion reactions in humans. Here we describe a dog
(dog erythrocyte antigen [DEA] 1.2-and DEA 4-positive)
sensitized by prior blood transfusion, for which a compatible blood donor could not be found; transfusion of DEA 1.1 negative blood resulted in hemolytic transfusion reactions.
Patient serum from days 1 (before first transfusion) and 16
was available for further testing; using 4 dogs with different blood types as potential donors, the major crossmatches were compatible using serum from day 1. However the crossmatches were all incompatible with serum
from day 16,indicating that the patient was sensitized to
an antigen after the first transfusion. The presence of an
alloantibody against DEA 1.1 was not ruled out in this patient, but the incompatibility reactions of patient serum
A
2.5-year-old intact male Whippet (20 kg) was presented
in hypovolemic shock with a hemoperitoneum and
fractured pelvis and femur after being hit by a car. The dog
received 1 U (500 mL) of fresh whole blood and 1 U (125
mL) of packed red blood cells (PRBC), but his condition
could not be stabilized. A splenectomy was performed on
an emergency basis, and an additional unit of PRBC was
administered; all transfused blood was dog erythrocyte antigen (DEA) 1.1-negative. Stabilization of the pelvic fracture
and a femoral head and neck excision were performed on
day 4. The dog was discharged on day 6 on trimethoprimsulfadiazine (TMS); the packed cell volume (PCV) and total
solids (TS) at that time were 37% (reference range, 37% to
55%) and 5.6 g/dL (reference range, 5.7 to 7.0 g/dL), respectively.
Icterus was noted by the referring veterinarian on day 8,
at which point the PCV-was 35% and the TS 5.8 g/dL. A
delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction was considered a
possible cause of the icterus, but this seemed unlikely given
that the PCV had not decreased substantially since the time
of discharge. Antibiotic therapy was changed from TMS to
enrofloxacin. The dog was presented again to the Veterinary
Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania on day 10; the
PCV and TS had decreased to 29% and 4.6 g/dL, respectively, and the platelet count was normal (396,OOO/pL; reference range, 200,000 to 500,00O/pL). Because serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT; 2,555 U/L; reference range,
13 to 57 U/L) and serum alkaline phosphatase (SAP; 1,268
U/L; reference range, 35 to 169 U/L) activities, and total
bilirubin concentration (6.4 mg/dL; reference range, 0.6
mg/dL) were increased, a hepatopathy secondary to trauma,
anesthesia, or TMS administration' was considered. Prothrombin time (PT) was normal, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) was initially prolonged by 25% in comparison to a control, and fibrin split products (FSP) were
high (>40pg/mL; reference range, < l o pg/mL). A direct
Coombs' test for IgG, IgM, and complement at 37°C was
negative.
Medicina Trasfusionale Cane with red cells from donors negative for DEA 1.1 indicated
that an alloantibody against a red cell antigen other than
DEA 1 .l or any other known DEA for which typing reagents
were available (DEA 3, 5, and 7) was present. Subsequently, red cells from 1 of the patient's siblings (DEA 1.2-,
4-, and 7-positive) were found not to agglutinate when incubated with patient's serum from day 16,ruling out the
presence of an anti-DEA 7 antibody, and suggesting that
an alloantibody against a common red cell antigen missing
in the patient and sibling was responsible for the blood incompatibility reactions. Failure to obtain a compatible
crossmatch with several universal donors in a dog previously transfused should raise a suspicion that an alloantibody to a common red cell antigen may exist and that a
sibling may be a source of compatible blood.
J Vet Intern Med 1995;9:277-279. Copyright 0 1995by the
American College of VeterinaryInternal Medicine.
On day 14 the dog became febrile (106.7"F), and the PCV
and TS decreased to 14% and 3.7 g/dL, respectively. The
dog was thrombocytopenic ( 12,00O/pL), but values of PT,
aPTT, and FSP were normal. Thrombocytopenia may have
been due to immune-mediated destruction of platelets secondary to administration of TMS or an undiagnosed infection, increased consumption, or decreased production. Direct Coombs' test results were still negative, suggesting that
RBC autoantibodies were not present; however, negative direct Coombs' test results do not rule out the presence of an
alloantibody directed against previously transfused RBCs,
because such cells would have been cleared by the macrophage system. Serum total bilirubin concentration had decreased to 1.4 mg/dL; serum ALT (1,202 U/L) and SAP
(890 U/L) activities also decreased, indicating that there was
no ongoing hepatic injury. (Because ofthe worsening ofanemia occumng simultaneously with declining Serum total
bilirubin and protein concentrations, anemia was attributed
to blood loss rather than to hemolysis.) Although a site of
blood loss was not obvious, bleeding into the thigh muscles
From the Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary
Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
Accepted February 21, 1995.
Supported in part by a grantfrom the National Institutes ofHealth
(HLO235S).
Canine blood typing was performed by Dr Anne S. Hale, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI. The authors also thank Dr
Leigh C. Jeferies and Ann Church, University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, PA, for their helpful advice.
Reprint requests: Urs Giger, PD, Dr med vet, Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Delancey St. Philadelphia, PA 19104-6010.
Copyright 0 1995 by the American College of VeterinaryInternal
Medicine
0891-6640/9S/0904-0009$3.00/0
Journalof VeterinaryInternal Medicine, Vol9, No 4 (July-August).1995:p p 277-279
277
11 Pisa 12 Dicembre 2015 Prof. Daniela Proverbio MalaPa EmoliKca Neonatale CANE MADRE
DEA 1 -
padre
DEA 1 +
sensibilizzata
Trasfusa con DEA1.1+
DEA 1 + assumono Ac antiDEA 1+ con colostro
MEN: isoeritrolisi neonatale, ittero Hburia, morte
Tipizzazione del gruppo sanguigno CANE •  DEA 1 POS •  DEA 1 NEG Medicina Trasfusionale Cane 12 Pisa 12 Dicembre 2015 Prof. Daniela Proverbio METODICHE DI DETERMINAZIONE •  Reazione di aggluInazione •  Reazioni di immunomigrazione Metodiche di determinazione Gruppi sanguigni ²  Test di aggluInazione rapida su carIna (Card-­‐Test) ²  Test di aggluInazione su colonna di gel (Gel-­‐Test) ²  Test Immunocromatografico (Alvedia) ²  Test Immunocromatografico (AgroLabo) Medicina Trasfusionale Cane 13 Pisa 12 Dicembre 2015 Prof. Daniela Proverbio Tipizzazione del gruppo sanguigno
Agglutinazione rapida su cartina
DEA 1.1 VANTAGGI SVANTAGGI IMMEDIATO FALSI NEGATIVI ANEMICI POCO COSTOSO FALSI POSITIVI AUTO AGGLUTINANTI FACILE INTERPRETAZIONE DUBBI INTERPRETATIVI CAMPIONE RIDOTTO NON CONSERVABILE AggluKnazione rapida su carKna 1 goccia diluente
+
50 µl sangue
Medicina Trasfusionale Cane 14 Pisa 12 Dicembre 2015 Prof. Daniela Proverbio CANE AggluKnazione rapida su carKna CANE AggluKnazione rapida su carKna AggluKnazioni difficilmente interpretabili autoaggluKnzioni Assenza di aggluKnazione (falsi negaKvi-­‐anemici) Medicina Trasfusionale Cane 15 Pisa 12 Dicembre 2015 Prof. Daniela Proverbio Immunomigrazione Test Immunocromatografico ALVEDIA AnIcorpi Monoclonali specifici per anIgeni di membrana Test Immunocromatografico (AgroLabo) CANE ALVEDIA Immunocromatografico con Ac monoclonale Cane gruppo DEA 1.1 POS Medicina Trasfusionale Cane Cane gruppo DEA 1.1 POS 16 Pisa 12 Dicembre 2015 Prof. Daniela Proverbio Quick-­‐LabTEST DEA 1.1 -­‐ Alvedia RIM CARD • 
• 
• 
• 
Seth M., 2012 AJVR Alvedia 93% sensibilità 100% specificità Immunomigrazione anche con autoaggluitnazione •  OPma Performance •  Confronto con card Medicina Trasfusionale Cane 17 Pisa 12 Dicembre 2015 Prof. Daniela Proverbio Eritrosedimentazione su colonna di gel AnIcorpi Monoclonali in colonne di gel ID-Card Anti-DEA 1 DEA 4
DEA 7
Eritrosedimentazione su colonna di gel ID-Card Anti-DEA 4
A
Medicina Trasfusionale Cane B
DEA 7
AB
18 Pisa 12 Dicembre 2015 442880
Classe, WeingartCanine DEA 1.1 blood typing with QuickVet¯/RapidVet¯
Prof. Daniela Proverbio QuickVet JVDXXX10.1177/1040638712442880Kohn,
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation
24(3) 539–545
© 2012 The Author(s)
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DOI: 10.1177/1040638712442880
http://jvdi.sagepub.com
Clinical evaluation of the QuickVet /
RapidVet canine dog erythrocyte
antigen 1.1 blood-typing test
Barbara Kohn,1 Gabriele Classe, Christiane Weingart
Abstract. In transfusion medicine, blood typing is an integral part of pretransfusion testing. The objective of the current
study was the clinical evaluation of an automated canine cartridge dog erythrocyte antigen (DEA) 1.1 blood-typing method
(QuickVet /RapidVet ) and comparison of the results with a gel column–based method (ID-Gel Test Canine DEA 1.1).
Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid–anticoagulated blood samples from 11 healthy and 85 sick dogs were available for typing.
Before blood typing, all samples were tested for agglutination and hemolysis. All samples were tested once or multiple times
with both methods according to the manufacturer’s guidelines. With the gel method, 53 dogs tested DEA 1.1 positive and
42 dogs DEA 1.1 negative; blood typing was not possible due to erythrocyte autoagglutination in 1 dog. With the cartridge test,
53 samples tested DEA 1.1 positive, 34 samples tested DEA 1.1 negative, and 6 results were inconclusive (3 samples were not
included due to autoagglutination or severe hemolysis). Without taking the inconclusive samples into account, the agreement
between both methods was 96.5%. The sensitivity and specificity for samples that were definitively typed by both methods
were 100% and 91.9%, respectively. The cartridge test was suitable for in-clinic canine DEA 1.1 blood typing, although some
discrepancies compared to the gel method existed. The cartridge test is software-directed, is easy to use, and does not require
user interpretation, but preanalytical guidelines (sample evaluation for agglutination and hemolysis) have to be followed. For
inconclusive results, an alternate blood-typing method should be performed.
Key words: Automated blood typing; blood groups; canine transfusion medicine.
Introduction
Red blood cell (RBC) transfusions have become an integral
part of intensive care treatment in critically ill dogs. To
ensure safe and efficient transfusions, blood group determination is recommended not only in human beings but also in
dogs.17 Blood types are genetic markers on the surface of
RBCs; a set of 2 to several alleles at 1 gene locus makes up a
blood group system. The canine blood type classification
uses the dog erythrocyte antigen (DEA) system; a number is
used to represent the blood group system or the blood type
(Vriesendorp HM, Westerbroek DL, D’Amaro J, et al.: 1973,
Joint report of 1st International Workshop on Canine
Immunogenetics. Tissue Antigens 3:145–163; Vriesendorp
HM, Albert ED, Templeton JW, et al.: 1976, Joint report of
the 2nd International Workshop of Canine Immunogenetics.
Transplant Proc 8:289–314). More than 12 blood group systems have been recognized in dogs.3,6,9 Most of these blood
group systems have 2 alleles, which means a dog can be
positive or negative for that blood type. The DEA 1.0 system
contains 3 antigens, DEA 1.1, DEA 1.2, and DEA 1.3, and a
null type (equivalent to Aa1, Aa2, Aa3, and A–).15,16 A null
phenotype means that the dog does not carry genes for
expression of the antigen. Dog erythrocyte antigen 1.1 is the
most common antigen in this system and is expressed by the
RBCs of approximately 45%–64% of dogs in different
countries.12,14
In dogs, no clinically important, naturally occurring alloantibodies against RBC antigens have been detected. An
acute hemolytic transfusion reaction in a dog receiving its
first transfusion has not been reported. However, if blood
type–incompatible RBC transfusions are administered, alloantibody production can be induced.3 Dog erythrocyte antigen 1.1 seems to be the most antigenic canine blood type.
Transfusion of DEA 1.1–positive erythrocytes to a DEA
1.1–negative dog will lead to the formation of alloantibodies
within approximately 4 days.1 An acute life-threatening
hemolytic transfusion reaction has been documented in a
sensitized DEA 1.1–negative dog transfused with DEA
1.1–positive blood.7 If a female dog has received a mismatched RBC transfusion prior to whelping, alloantibodies
in the colostrum might possibly cause alloimmune hemolytic
anemia (neonatal isoerythrolysis) in neonatal puppies.4,10,18
•  Apparecchio dotato di somware che valuta aggluKnazione •  Sistema di canali capillari che testa la capacità di assorbimento del sangue influenzata dall’aggluKnazione •  Difficoltà con campioni emoliKci ed autoaggluKnanK From the Clinic of Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
1
Corresponding Author: Barbara Kohn, Clinic of Small Animals,
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b,
14163 Berlin, Germany. [email protected]
Downloaded from vdi.sagepub.com at Biblioteca di Medicina Veterinaria on November 27, 2012
Citofluorimetria Veterinary Clinical Pathology ISSN 0275-6382
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Flow cytometric assessment of canine erythrocytes and platelets
for dog erythrocyte antigen 1.1
Cynthia de A. Lucidi1, Regina K. Takahira1, John A. Gerlach2, John M. Davis3, Kenneth A. Schwartz3,
Michael A. Scott4
1
Department of Veterinary Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University–Unesp Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil;
2
Biomedical Laboratory Diagnostics Program, College of Natural Science and Department of Medicine, College of Human Medicine and Departments of
3
Medicine, College of Human Medicine, and 4Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East
Lansing, MI, USA
Key Words
Blood compatibility, blood-typing,
immunohematology, platelet antigens,
transfusion reaction
Correspondence
Michael A. Scott, G347 Veterinary Medical
Center, Michigan State University, East
Lansing, MI 48824, USA
E-mail: [email protected]
DOI:10.1111/j.1939-165X.2011.00374.x
Background: In human medicine, transfusion of ABO-mismatched platelets has been associated with shortened platelet survival and refractoriness
to platelet transfusion because of expression of certain blood group antigens on platelets. It remains unknown if canine platelets express dog erythrocyte antigens (DEAs).
Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a flow cytometric assay for
DEA 1.1 and determine whether DEA 1.1 is present on canine platelets.
Methods: Blood was collected from 172 clinically healthy dogs. Platelets
and erythrocytes from each dog were tested for DEA 1.1 by flow cytometry
using anti-DEA 1.1 blood-typing sera. Erythrocytes from each dog were
also assessed for DEA 1.1 using a standard tube-typing test (T1) and using a
second tube method (T2), if the flow cytometric and T1 results differed.
Results: Using flow cytometry, DEA 1.1 was detected on erythrocytes of
all 110 dogs shown by T1 or T2 testing to be DEA 1.1-positive. Initial results
of the T1 test had a diagnostic accuracy of 93% (160 correct/172 tests). The
frequency of erythrocyte DEA 1.1 positivity in previously untyped dogs
(n = 118) was 56%. DEA 1.1 expression was not detected on platelets from
DEA 1.1-positive dogs.
Conclusions: Flow cytometry was a reliable method for detection of DEA
1.1 on canine erythrocytes. The absence of DEA 1.1 on platelets from DEA
1.1-positive dogs suggests that their platelets do not express DEA 1.1 and
will not induce production of anti-DEA 1.1 antibodies that might lead to
platelet refractoriness or reactions to a subsequent transfusion of DEA 1.1positive erythrocytes.
Introduction
Transfusion therapy plays an important role in the
appropriate management of many veterinary patients.
Over the years, there has been a dramatic decrease in
the use of whole blood, and a concurrent increase in
the use of specific component therapy.1 Administration
of blood components allows more efficient use of limited blood products, provides more specific and targeted
treatment, and minimizes transfusion reactions.1–4
Canine platelet-rich blood components include
platelet-rich plasma, which is prepared by centrifugation of whole blood, and fresh or frozen platelet
concentrates, which can be prepared either by centrifugation of platelet-rich plasma or by plateletpheresis.5
Lyophilized canine platelets may become commercially
available.
Transfusion of platelets may be useful when a deficiency in platelet number or function causes lifethreatening spontaneous hemorrhage or poses the risk
of serious hemorrhage during required invasive procedures. Consequently, its prophylactic or therapeutic
use has been reported in dogs with acute leukemia,
aplastic anemia, chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia, splenic neoplasia, disseminated intravascular
coagulation, immune-mediated thrombocytopenia,6,7
Vet Clin Pathol 40/4 (2011) 435–443 ©2011 American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology
Medicina Trasfusionale Cane •  Lucidi Ca, VCP, 2011 •  Determinazione gruppo DEA 1 nel cane con citofluorimetria •  Possibile individuazione •  Non espresso DEA 1 sulle piastrine 435
19 Pisa 12 Dicembre 2015 Prof. Daniela Proverbio [email protected] h"p://users.unimi.it/rev Grazie per l’a+enzione Medicina Trasfusionale Cane 20