Safety Handbook

JOINT INSURANCE FUND
SAFETY MANUAL TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0
Preface
2.0
Accident Investigation
3.0
Bloodborne Pathogens
Safety
4.0
Chemical Safety
5.0
Confined Space Entry
17.0 Personal Protective
Equipment
6.0
Fire Extinguisher Safety
18.0 Playground Safety
7.0
Flammable &
Combustible Liquids
Safety
19.0 Respiratory Protection
Safety
8.0
Forklift Safety
9.0
Hand & Power Tool Safety
14.0 Lock-Out/Tag-Out
(Control of Hazardous
Energy)
15.0 Motor Vehicle Safety
16.0 Office Safety
20.0 Safe Lifting/Back Safety
21.0 Safety Committee
Development
10.0 Hearing Conservation
22.0 Shop Safety
11.0 Kitchen Safety
23.0 Slip, Trip and Fall Safety
12.0 Laboratory Safety
24.0 Welding Safety
13.0 Ladder Safety
25.0 Appendices
Section 2.0-Accident Investigation
Rev. 3/07
ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION
2.1
Scope and Purpose
The Board of Education recognizes that it is important to investigate each and every
accident in order to effectively determine the cause and take appropriate actions to
prevent a recurrence. The purpose of an accident investigation is not to place blame, but
to determine the circumstances surrounding the incident. The size and scope of the
accident will determine the depth and detail of the investigation.
2.2
Why Investigate an Accident?
An accident investigation is a systematic effort to determine:
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What Happened
How it Happened
Why it Happened
How to Prevent a Recurrence
The goal of an accident investigation is to minimize the frequency and severity of loss.
When performing an accident investigation you should:
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2.3
Determine the facts about the incident
The events leading up to the incident
Determine the cause(s)
Convey the information to others to prevent or minimize the potential of a
recurrence
Document the facts and causes of the incident in case of pending litigation,
PEOSH citation or to deter and document potentially fraudulent claims.
Types of Accidents to Investigate
It is important to consider each and every accident as serious. Even seemingly minor
incidents have the potential to become larger claims. Accidents and “near misses” should
be thoroughly investigated, even if no injury occurs. This can uncover information,
procedures or equipment that may be defective or contrary to proper safety policy. The
depth and degree of investigation should be determined by the seriousness of the incident
and the likelihood of future loss potential.
Investigations should not be restricted to personal injury accidents. It is important that
investigations be initiated for losses arising from any of the following:
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2.4
Workers’ Compensation
General Liability
Property Damage
Motor Vehicle Accidents
Theft/Pilferage
Equipment Failures
Regulatory Penalties
Workplace Violence
Elements of an Accident Investigation
2.4.1 Provide Emergency Treatment for the Injured and Mitigate Damages
Nothing should interrupt the emergency care and transportation of the injured. Proper
emergency personnel such as the fire department, ambulance squad and/or police
department, should be notified immediately. Provide emergency first aid, if properly
trained and authorized to do so. Damaged equipment or structural damages should be
mitigated to prevent further damage whenever possible, if conditions allow it to be
accomplished safely.
2.4.2 Initial Interview with Victim(s)
If the person(s) involved does not require emergency treatment, attempt an initial
interview before the person leaves the facility. This will allow information to be
obtained while it is still fresh in their memory. The following guidelines will assist in
conducting the interview properly:
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Put the person at ease by explaining the purpose of the interview.
Remember, the reason is to find the cause to prevent a similar occurrence,
NOT to place blame.
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Always interview one person at a time to ensure the accuracy of the
information.
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Conduct the interview in a private location, away from the site, in order to
minimize interruptions.
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Allow the person to freely describe their version of the incident with as
few interruptions as possible.
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Ask only open-ended questions that require additional explanation.
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Repeat each element of the story to ensure that you have understood the
person’s statements and that the story is recorded correctly and accurately.
•
Avoid “Why” questions in order to minimize defensive remarks or
actions.
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2.4.3 Secure the Scene
It is imperative that the accident scene by properly restricted and secured to prevent
unauthorized activity, removal of evidence or inadvertent damage to critical components.
The scene should be restricted using barricades, rope, caution tape or locking devices. If
necessary, station someone at the scene to restrict unauthorized access, until the
investigation is complete. This may be a critical step if the accident is very serious in
nature.
Do not remove anything from the scene without documentation as to its description and
exact location.
2.4.4 Perform an Initial Survey of the Scene
Walk around the perimeter of the incident scene. Note the overall surroundings,
conditions and equipment present. Walk through the scene, being careful not to disturb
anything, and look for clues as to the possible causes. Write your observations down for
further review.
2.4.5 Determine Direct Witnesses
Determine the actual witnesses to the incident, not what other people’s opinions are as to
who was at the location. Question the direct witnesses individually to determine their
version of the incident. Note any indirect witnesses who may have pertinent information
about the incident.
2.4.6 Secondary Scene Survey
Documentation of the accident scene is critical. Photograph the scene from all angles.
Use wide angle and telephoto shots, when necessary. Take photographs of all equipment
and materials that may have been involved in the accident. Note the exact nature and
location of each photograph for documentation purposes. Include items in photographs
that are measurable (i.e. a ruler, person, door, etc) for size and distance comparisons.
If using a video camera, cover the entire scene, including the perimeter areas. Narrate as
you are walking through the scene. Do not offer opinions, unless you are entirely sure
that what you are saying is fact.
Measure the area and plot major equipment, material and victim locations. Diagram and
sketch the area involved. Determine the equipment or material failure points, if possible.
2.4.7 Victim Interview-Secondary
Interview the victim(s) a second time in order to obtain additional details and clarify
information already obtained. Assist the person in sequencing their actions from prior to
the incident up through the actual accident.
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2.4.8 Documentation
Documentation is key to clearly identifying the facts and rendering a conclusion.
Consistency is vital. While initial reports may be summarized, supplemental reports need
to expand the information and concur with facts. Never use inferring statements or
render an opinion. Reports should be strictly factual based. Do not be afraid to seek
legal assistance, when circumstances warrant. Always maintain written notes that were
used develop the reports.
2.4.9 Written Reports
There are a variety of reports that can assist in the development of a complete accident
investigation report. Obtain all pertinent information surrounding an accident. Available
reports may include:
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2.5
Employer’s First Report of Injury
Motor Vehicle Accident Report
Company Incident Reports
Fire Marshal Reports
Supplemental Reports
Basic Accident Cause Analysis
Sequencing Events: Sequencing events reveals failures which may otherwise be
overlooked. When developing a sequence of events, use the “PEME Principle”.
P-PEOPLE: Who was involved? Was the person qualified to perform that job?
Was the person’s training adequate and up to date? Are enforcement policies and
procedures in place and adequate?
E-EQUIPMENT: What equipment was involved? Was design and arrangement
satisfactory? Was the equipment the most efficient and dependable available? Are
maintenance records up to date and at satisfactory intervals?
M-MATERIAL: What material was involved? Was storage and handling adequate?
Are the materials flammable, toxic or unstable? Are safer alternatives available?
E-ENVIRONMENT: What environmental factors were involved? Are adequate
environmental controls in place? Are design and arrangement of environmental factors
satisfactory (i.e. exhaust purification, etc.) Is housekeeping satisfactory? Is maintenance
of the building and equipment satisfactory?
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2.6
Determining Unsafe Actions & Conditions
An unsafe act is “a knowing action of an employee which violates an established rule,
regulation or common practice.”
An unsafe condition is a physical hazard. An unsafe condition can be created or it can
lead to an unsafe action.
Learn to recognize unsafe acts and conditions and implement policies or procedures to
eliminate the unsafe element.
Evaluate all elements and their impact on the incident.
2.7
General Rules of Accident Investigation
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2.8
The first line supervisor must be part of the initial investigation.
Whenever possible, obtain an initial statement from the injured prior to treatment.
Check with the medical staff to find out what the injured told the physician about
the accident.
Direct witnesses will not normally acknowledge that they saw anything.
Indirect witnesses will usually discuss anything.
NEVER use words like: suppose, thought, appears, like, about, seems, always or
never.
NEVER put any description of an accident cause on a report unless it is a direct
quote from the injured or a direct witness.
Do not be afraid to put statements in the report such as “Undetermined” or
“Under Investigation”. If you don’t know the answer, do not speculate.
Document, sketch, photograph and videotape all of the accident scene and related
areas and equipment.
If you have done a thorough investigation, you will not be popular.
Suspicious Accidents
You will come across accidents that are faked or exaggerated. Be suspicious of any of
the following:
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Monday morning injuries
Unwitnessed accidents
Injuries reported late or not to a direct supervisor
The mechanics of the accident do not fit the injury
The work area is not specified
Witnesses are not in the area of the incident
Follow up on lost time injuries with phone calls and visits. Track the medical treatment
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and ensure that the injured employee is keeping all doctor appointments. Insist on
surveillance if the injured employee is out of work over 30 days and there is any question
about the nature of the injury. Even if the injury is legitimate, close contact with the
employee may facilitate an early return to work.
Proper accident investigations and routine follow-up can help to address various safety
concerns within the district, while helping to avoid future accidents and stressing the
district’s commitment to safety. Simply filling out an incident form is not an accident
investigation. Without proper, thorough investigations, it is difficult to address unsafe
actions or conditions.
Remember: Assistance is always available from the JIF Safety Coordinator and Claims
Administrator.
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Section 3.0-Bloodborne
Pathogens Safety
Rev. 3/07
BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS SAFETY
3.1
Scope and Purpose
The Board of Education recognizes that there is the potential for occupational exposure to
blood and other potentially infectious bodily fluids to certain employees in the district. This
section is intended to provide basic safety and exposure information to all employees. More
detailed information may be obtained from the district Exposure Control Plan.
Reference: OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1030
3.2
Definitions
3.2.1 Bloodborne Pathogens – Microorganisms in the blood stream that cause diseases such
as hepatitis B, HIV, syphilis and malaria.
3.2.2 HIV – Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) attacks the body’s immune system
causing the disease known as acquired immune deficiency syndrome or AIDS.
3.2.3 HBV – The hepatitis B virus is the major infectious bloodborne pathogen hazard in an
occupational setting. The virus attacks the liver leading to cirrhosis or other damage.
3.2.4 Universal Precautions – The term used to define a comprehensive approach in
infection control that treats all human body fluids as if known to be infectious for
bloodborne pathogens. This includes using proper personal protective equipment,
engineering control measures and work practice controls.
3.3
Transmission of Bloodborne Pathogens
Bloodborne pathogens such as HBV and HIV may be present in blood or other body fluids
that may contain blood such as saliva, semen and vaginal secretions.
Bloodborne pathogens may enter your body and infect you as a result of contacting a sharp
object contaminated with infectious material such as needles, broken glass or wires. Open
cuts, skin abrasion and the mucous membranes of the mouth, eyes and nose are all potential
entry points for bloodborne pathogens.
Indirect transmission can occur after touching a contaminated object or surface and
transferring the infectious material to your mouth, eyes, nose or open skin. While the HIV
virus dies quickly outside of the body, the hepatitis B virus can survive dried and at room
temperature as long as one week.
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3.4
Universal Precautions
You should treat all blood and potentially infectious bodily fluids as though they are known to
be infected with a bloodborne pathogen. If properly trained and authorized, you may be
required to clean-up potentially infectious materials. It is imperative that you use the proper
equipment and follow the proper procedures when performing this clean-up.
Always secure the contaminated area from unauthorized access. This can be accomplished by
locking doors to a room, using warning signs or having another employee restrict access to
the area.
Always wear the proper personal protective equipment. At a minimum,
this will include protective gloves which are impervious to liquids. Latex
gloves as well as the consideration of puncture-resistant gloves should be
used.
Additional personal protective equipment that may be necessary if there
is a potential for splattering includes gowns, masks, face-shields and
shoe protectors.
Sharp objects such as needles or broken glass should never be handled manually. Use devices
such as brooms, dust pans or tongs to pick-up sharp objects. The objects should be placed in
an approved sharps container for storage and disposal.
Properly disinfect the spill site and any potentially contaminated equipment. This can be
accomplished through use of EPA-approved commercial grade disinfectants or a bleach
solution containing one part bleach to ten parts water. Bleach solutions should be made up
fresh each time.
Disposable personal protective equipment and all clean-up materials should be placed in leak
proof bags or containers, sealed and labeled for proper disposal. Contaminated clothing can
be laundered in accordance with the Exposure Control Plan.
Wash hands immediately after removing your gloves. Use a rest room
or utility sink for washing, not food preparation areas. Wash hands for a
minimum of 30 seconds with an anti-bacterial soap.
3.5
Training
All employees designated as having an occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens are
required to participate in an annual training program. Initial training will be provided to all
new or re-assigned employees prior to their initial assignment. Refresher training will be
provided within twelve months of the previous training date.
Only those employees that have received the proper training and are designated by the
Exposure Control Plan, are permitted to respond to and clean-up blood or other potentially
infectious bodily fluids. The School Nurse can provide you with additional information.
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3.6
Hepatitis B Vaccinations
Those employees designated as being occupationally exposed to bloodborne pathogens, shall
be offered the hepatitis B vaccination series at no cost. Any employee refusing the
vaccination must sign a declination form.
The hepatitis B vaccination helps to prevent infection by the hepatitis B virus. The vaccine
has been shown to be 90% effective in developing the necessary antibodies to protect against
infection.
The vaccine is given in a series of three intramuscular doses. The vaccine does not contain
any live components, therefore it is not possible to become infected from the vaccine itself.
If you initially refuse the vaccine and decide you want it at a later date, notify your supervisor
and it will be provided at no charge, as long as you are potentially exposed to blood or bodily
fluids as part of your job description.
3.7
Exposure Control Plan
The District maintains a written Exposure Control Program that is managed by the School Nurse.
This Plan details exposure considerations, clean up procedures, training, waste disposal, medical
treatment, record keeping and employer responsibilities. This Plan can be viewed at anytime by
request to the School Nurse.
3.8
Waste Disposal
The District Exposure Control Plan details acceptable methods for bagging and disposal of blood
contaminated waste. It is not acceptable to dispose of this waste in regular waste containers.
Consult the Plan and the School Nurse for further information.
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Section 4.0-Chemical Safety
Rev. 3/07
CHEMICAL SAFETY
4.1
Scope and Purpose
The Board of Education understands that there may be times when employees will be exposed
to variety of chemical products within the schools. This may include use of cleaning
products, maintenance products and laboratory chemicals. Employees need to be aware of the
presence of hazardous chemicals in the workplace and the potential for hazardous chemicals
to cause health problems. The following section provides general safety guidelines for
working with and around potentially hazardous chemical products. Only properly trained and
authorized employees should use chemical products in the schools. Always read and follow
manufacturer’s guidelines and warning labels on the containers.
4.2
Exposure Prevention
Since the potential for health problems associated with chemicals in not always obvious,
employees need to be alert and look for any potential problems. In order to prevent exposure
to hazardous substances, you should:
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4.3
Know what a hazardous substance is and how it can be harmful to the body
Identify the sources of the hazard
Evaluate the seriousness of the hazard
Apply control methods to prevent exposure
Chemical Hazard Identification
There are seven forms of hazardous substances. Hazardous substances may come in more
than one of these forms and may pose various potential health hazards in different forms.
Temperature of the air, the container, and the product are factors to consider for use, storage,
and exposures that may result in adverse affects.
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
Solids - will change form to a dust, fume or gas, based on application.
Dust - tiny particles of solids generated from grinding, sanding, bagging or mixing.
Fumes - formed when a solid material is heated to very high temperatures and turns
into extremely fine particles.
Liquids - fluid substances which generally assume the shape of the container that they
are in. Acids and solvents are typically in liquid form and may give off vapors that can
be inhaled.
Vapors - a substance in a gaseous state formed when solids or liquids are heated.
Gases - a substance that has been heated above its critical temperature and expands to
occupy available space. Many gases are stored as liquid under high pressure in special
containers. These containers, when ruptured or opened allow the gas to escape under
forceful pressure. While some gases can be detected by sight and smell, many others
can only be detected by special testing equipment.
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VII.
4.4
Mist - tiny particles of liquids that are suspended in air and are typically created by
splashing or spraying activities.
Knowledge of the Work Process
Whenever handling chemicals, it is imperative to know the characteristics of the chemicals
that you are using. Obtain information from labels, Material Safety Data Sheets, Hazardous
Substance Fact Sheets and Right-To-Know Surveys. Only use chemical products that you
have been trained and authorized to use. Never substitute chemical products unless you are
sure of their properties. Whenever possible, substitute a less hazardous product for a more
hazardous product. Never use more than the recommended amount to perform the task.
Remember that “more is not always better”.
4.5
Chemical Sensitivity
In order for a chemical to harm you, it must enter the body.
Four basic methods are:
♦ Inhalation
♦ Ingestion
♦ Absorption
♦ Injection
Inhalation is the most common form of chemical exposure. It is imperative that you
recognize the signs and symptoms of exposure to chemicals. Remember that some
individuals have a more severe reaction or a higher degree of sensitivity to various chemical
products. Chemicals will not always affect each individual the same way.
Use your senses to note exposure to chemical products. Visible vapor clouds, powdered dust
and spills could signal a potential hazard. Irritation to the eyes and mucous membranes are
also good indications of a hazardous environment. Remember that the human body reacts to
an over exposure, but we have to recognize the reaction and take corrective action.
Remember that hazardous chemicals can have both short and long term health effects. Acute
exposure usually produces an immediate reaction, which may range from a minor irritation to
a more serious injury. Chronic exposure results from repeated contact with the substance over
a longer period of time. This can result in long term health effects.
Some adverse health affects include asphyxiates, carcinogens, corrosives, irritants, mutagens,
poisons, teratogens and allergens. It is imperative that you use chemicals safely, in accordance with
manufacturer’s recommendations and always wear the necessary personal protective equipment.
4.6
Prevention and Control of Exposures
There are many ways to protect yourself when using hazardous chemicals. Whenever
possible, one or more of the following methods should be employed in order to reduce the
potential for exposure:
Substitution - use of a less hazardous or nontoxic chemical to perform the same job.
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Ventilation - using natural or mechanical means of ventilation can help to remove hazardous
vapors from a work area or decrease the concentration to within permissible exposure
limits.
Proper Housekeeping - regular cleaning of floors and equipment, proper clean-up of spills,
use of drop cloths and drip pans, proper disposal of waste and proper storage of hazardous
materials are all housekeeping methods which can help to reduce or eliminate exposure to
hazardous chemicals.
Administrative Controls - by rotating employees through a more hazardous job and limiting
exposure time, exposure to hazardous substances can be minimized.
Personal Protective Equipment – it is always imperative to wear the necessary personal
protective equipment when handling potentially hazardous substances. Refer to Material
Safety Data Sheets and manufacturer’s warning labels before using any hazardous substance.
Always match the proper personal protective equipment to the hazard potential. This may
include use of eye protection, protective clothing and respirators. As an example of hand and
eye protection, consider the following use/glove comparisons:
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Latex Gloves: Blood borne pathogens and body fluids
Plastic Gloves: Household cleaning supplies and latex paints
Nitrile Rubber Gloves: Diluted acid-based and petroleum-based products
Butyl & Neoprene Rubber Gloves: Caustics and corrosives
Eye considerations/comparisons include:
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4.7
Safety glasses: airborne solids during mixing, bagging, sanding and grinding activity.
Indirect vent-chemical splash resistant goggles: when pouring or handling liquids, and fine
dust particles or excessive dust environments.
Full face protection/face shields: whenever additional skin protection is needed from
material impact or chemical exposures. Must be used with other eye protection.
Additional Safety Concerns
♦ Never use an unlabeled product. If an unlabeled product is discovered, it should be
immediately reported to your supervisor.
♦ Never mix chemicals that may cause an adverse reaction. If you are unsure of the
reaction, do not mix the chemicals.
♦ Use approved storage containers for the storage of hazardous chemicals. Make sure
containers are in good condition, with no residue on the exterior of the container. Replace
all lids tightly to minimize leaks and vapor exposures.
♦ Report chemical exposures and spills immediately. Never attempt to clean up a chemical
spill unless you have been properly trained and have the necessary equipment.
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♦ Know the location of any safety showers and eyewash stations within the facility in order
to flush exposed areas in the event of a chemical exposure.
♦ Safety showers and eye wash units must be flush tested at least once a week and the
inspections must be documented via a record book or hang tag.
♦ Flush eyes and skin that is exposed to chemicals for a minimum of 15 minutes with cool,
clean water. Seek medical attention in accordance with the District injury procedures.
Remember: If the degree of the hazard is unknown or cannot be verified, the highest level of
protection is necessary. You cannot possibly help anyone if you are not prepared. If not prepared,
you could become the next victim. Don’t be afraid or embarrassed to call for assistance!
Hazardous materials classification guide is provided on the next page:
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Section 5.0-Confined Space Entry
Rev. 3/07
CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
5.1
Scope and Purpose
The Board of Education recognizes the hazards presented by working within a confined
space. This section will provide employees with basic safety information in an effort to
identify potential confined spaces and work safely while performing an entry. This is a
reference source only. Employees and contractors must follow the district Confined Space
Entry Program for any work within a permit space.
Reference: OSHA 29 CFR 1910.146
5.2
Definitions
5.2.1 Attendant – means a trained individual stationed outside one or more permit spaces
who monitors the authorized entrants and who performs all attendant’s duties assigned
in the Confined Space Permit Program.
5.2.2 Authorized Entrant – means an employee who is authorized and trained by the
employer to enter a permit space.
5.2.3 Confined Space – means a space that: is large enough and so configured that an
employee can bodily enter and perform assigned work; has a limited or restricted
means for entry or exit; and is not designed for continuous employee occupancy.
5.2.4 Entry – means the action by which a person passes through an opening to a permit
required confined space. Entry includes ensuing work activities in that space and is
considered to have occurred as soon as any part of the entrant’s body breaks the plane
of any opening into the space.
5.2.5 Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH) – means any condition that poses
an immediate or delayed threat to life or that would cause irreversible adverse health
effects or would interfere with an individual’s ability to escape unaided from a permit
space.
5.2.6 Permit Required Confined Space – means a confined space that has one or more of the
following characteristics:
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contains or has the potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere;
contains a material that has the potential for engulfing an entrant;
has an internal configuration such that an entrant could be trapped or asphyxiated by
inwardly converging walls or by a floor which slopes downward and tapers to a
smaller cross section;
contains any other recognized serious safety or health hazards.
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5.3
Identification of Confined Spaces
5.3.1 The work place should be evaluated in an effort to identify all existing confined spaces.
Permit required confined spaces should be properly labeled as a visual warning to
employees.
5.3.2 No district employee is permitted to enter any permit required confined space without
the proper training and equipment.
5.3.3 Any outside contractors that must perform work within a permit space must be made
aware of the existence of the confined space, the associated hazards and must be given
access to the district Confined Space Entry Program.
5.3.4 Outside contractors should provide written certification attesting to the proper training
of any employee that must enter a confined space location.
5.4
Duties and Training Requirements
5.4.1 Attendant - Authorized attendants are responsible for knowing the hazards that may be
faced during an entry. Their duties include maintaining contact with authorized entrants
and monitoring conditions inside and outside of the space. Attendants must also keep
unauthorized persons away from the permit space and summon rescue services when
necessary. For a complete list of attendant duties, please refer to the district Confined
Space Entry Program.
5.4.2 Authorized Entrant - Authorized entrants will be trained to identify confined space
hazards, utilize necessary safety and protective equipment and how to work safely
within the permit space. Entrants shall be required to maintain constant communication
with the authorized attendant and exit the permit space immediately upon an evacuation
alarm or detection of a dangerous situation. For detailed duty and training
requirements, please refer to the district Confined Space Entry Program.
5.4.3 Entry Supervisor - It shall be the duty of an entry supervisor to know the existing
hazards of the confined space and communicate those hazards to the affected
personnel. Entry supervisors are required to verify that all necessary training is up to
date, permits are completed correctly and all necessary equipment is available and in
satisfactory condition. Entry supervisors have the authority to terminate the entry and
cancel the permit, if necessary. Detailed information regarding the duties and training
of an entry supervisor are located in the district Confined Space Entry Program.
5.4.4 The existence of permit-required confined spaces on school board property should be
communicated to all potentially affected employees. Training for authorized personnel
should be completed prior to first exposure and should be updated as needed in order to
effectively communicate any changes in exposure.
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5.5
Permit Procedures
5.5.1 A written permit is required for all confined space entries into permit spaces identified
within the district Confined Space Entry Program.
5.5.2 Work is not permitted to commence until a permit has been completed, all authorized
personnel are available and all necessary equipment is available.
5.5.3 Copies of the Confined Space Entry Permit may be found in the district Confined Space
Entry Program.
5.5.4 Under no circumstances is a district employee permitted to operate within or enter into
an IDLH atmosphere.
5.5.5 Confined Space Entry Permits should be maintained onsite until the completion of the
entry and should then be filed for at least twelve months after completion of the entry.
5.6
Lockout – Tagout Procedures
5.6.1 Authorized entrants should properly lockout and tagout all energy sources that could
produce a hazardous environment within the confined space location. This may include
isolating powered equipment, piping and valves.
5.6.2 The entry supervisor should verify that proper lockout/tagout procedures have been
followed prior to any work beginning within the confined space area.
5.6.3 Only trained and authorized employees should be permitted to perform lockout/tagout
operations.
5.6.4 Employees should refer to the district Lockout/Tagout Program for additional
information and procedures.
5.7
Atmospheric Testing and Ventilation Procedures
5.7.1 The atmosphere of any permit required confined space location should be properly
tested prior to entry and continuously during an entry.
5.7.2 Only authorized and trained personnel should be permitted to operate atmosphere
testing equipment.
5.7.3 The atmosphere should be tested for oxygen level, flammable gases and vapors and
toxic air contaminants. No one testing appliance can test for all hazards. Consequently,
you must have an educated idea of what hazards may be present. Calibration of the
metering device is essential prior to initial testing.
5.7.4 Continuous forced air ventilation should be provided in all permit required confined
spaces that have the potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere.
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5.7.5 If a hazardous atmosphere is detected, personnel should immediately evacuate the
space. This space should not be re-entered until the cause of the hazardous condition
has been discovered and corrected.
5.8
Rescue Team
5.8.1 The school district does not maintain an in-house Confined Space Entry Rescue Team.
Under no circumstances is an employee authorized to enter a confined space for the
purpose of rescue.
5.8.2 It is the duty of the authorized attendant to immediately notify emergency services for
the purpose of a rescue.
5.8.3 Designated emergency services contact phone numbers are located in the district
Confined Space Entry Program. These phone numbers should be maintained onsite
during all confined space entry activities.
5.8.4 The authorized attendant should remain on-site in order to provide as much information
as possible to the responding emergency services personnel.
5.9
General Safety Rules for Confined Space Work
5.9.1
SOP’s for entry and rescue have been written and reviewed by qualified persons
5.9.2
The atmosphere of the confined space has been tested with the appropriate calibrated
instruments
5.9.3
The space is properly ventilated
5.9.4
Personnel involved with the entry have had appropriate training and are authorized by
the employer
5.9.5
All machinery and electrical circuits have been locked out and tagged out in
accordance with the written program
5.9.6
The appropriate standby/communication people are on hand
5.9.7
The proper tools and equipment are being used
5.9.8
An Entry Permit has been filed for the space and the job
5.9.9
The atmosphere is being monitored continuously or at appropriate intervals
5.9.10 Records are kept including equipment and the people making the entry
4
Section 6.0-Fire Extinguisher Safety
Rev. 3/07
FIRE EXTINGUISHER SELECTION & USE
6.1
Scope and Purpose
The Board of Education has developed this section to provide information to employees
on the safe use and limitations of fire extinguishers. The Board of Education mandates
that all employees not trained in the use of portable fire extinguishers immediately
evacuate the building and report to their staging area as detailed in the District fire
evacuation procedures.
If trained personnel determine that they are going to fight a small fire to minimize loss of
life and property, employees must evaluate every situation independently. Selfpreservation must take precedence at all times. The following guidelines will assist
employees in evaluating fire situations.
Reference: NFPA 10 Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers
New Jersey Uniform Fire Code
6.2
Fire Extinguisher Theory
The extinguishment of fire is carried out by limiting or interrupting one or more essential
elements in the combustion process. Fire is controlled by three critical elements: oxygen,
fuel and heat, commonly referred to as the Fire Triangle.
CHEMICAL CHAIN REACTION
A fire may be extinguished by reducing the temperature (such as using water),
eliminating the fuel (such as shutting off a valve) or by eliminating the oxygen (such as
using a chemical foam blanket or smothering the fire with a non-combustible tarp). It is
essential that the properties of a fire be known in order to select the proper extinguishing
method.
6.3
Classification of Fires
1
6.3.1 Class A Fires
A. Fires involving ordinary combustible materials such as wood, cloth, paper,
rubber, plastics and cardboard. (An “ash” producing item)
B. Water is primarily used in a cooling or quenching effect to reduce the
temperature of the burning material below its ignition temperature, thus it will
no longer burn.
6.3.2 Class B Fires
A. Fires involving flammable and combustible liquids and gases, such as
gasoline, oil, paints, lacquers, mineral spirits and alcohol. (B – boiling liquid)
B. The smothering or blanketing effect of oxygen exclusion is the most effective
form of extinguishment.
6.3.3 Class C Fires
A. Fires involving energized electrical equipment such as appliances, computers,
transformers, overhead transmission lines, etc. (C-for circuit)
B. These fires can sometimes be controlled by a non-conductive extinguishing
agent such as Halon, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
C. It is usually best to shut down and secure the electrical power source,
whenever possible. This will eliminate the electrical hazard exposures and
normally, will reduce the fire to a Class A fire.
6.3.4 Class D Fires
A. Fires involving combustible metals, such as aluminum, magnesium, titanium,
sodium and potassium.
B. These metals are particularly hazardous in powdered form. Proper airborne
concentrations of metal dusts can cause powerful explosions. You may find
small concentrations of these powdered metals in science labs.
C. Water may react violently to fires involving these metals.
D. There is no single extinguishing agent that will effectively control fires
2
involving all combustible metals. Special extinguishing agents are available
to control fires involving each type of combustible metal. These extinguishers
are specially manufactured for control of a specific combustible metal fire,
and will be marked for that specific purpose. These fires are controlled by
smothering the fire and removing the oxygen.
6.4
6.5
Portable Fire Extinguishers
•
Always select a fire extinguisher on the basis of the intended use and class of fire.
•
All portable fire extinguishers should meet the requirements set forth in NFPA-10,
Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers.
•
Never use a portable fire extinguisher unless you have received proper instruction
and are authorized to use a fire extinguisher. Never attempt to extinguish a fire that
has developed beyond the incipient or early stages. Never delay notification to the
fire department in an effort to extinguish the fire.
•
All fire extinguishers are labeled with the appropriate class of fire they are capable of
extinguishing. The letters A, B and/or C will appear on the extinguisher label
identifying the unit as capable of handling multiple classes of fire.
Selecting and Using Fire Extinguishers
6.5.1 Selection of the proper fire extinguisher depends on numerous factors:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Hazards to be protected;
Severity of the fire;
Atmospheric conditions;
Personnel available;
Ease of handling the extinguisher; and
Any life hazard or operational concerns.
6.5.2 Extinguishers should be selected that minimize the risk of life and property loss, yet
are effective in extinguishing the types of fires that may be encountered, but only in
their incipient stage.
Remember: the risk to you is DEATH; ……..What is the reward? A thorough
assessment of the situation is a necessity prior to any attempt to fight the fire. If in
doubt, leave the area and let the professionals handle it.
3
6.6
General Operating Instructions- P-A-S-S
P- Pull the pin at the top of the extinguisher that keeps the handle from being pressed.
There may be a plastic tab that must be broken first.
A- Aim the nozzle or extinguisher outlet towards the base of the fire.
S- Squeeze the handle to discharge the extinguishing agent. Always squeeze a short test
burst prior to approaching the fire to ensure the unit is operable.
S- Sweep the nozzle back and forth at the base of the flames. Always make sure the fire
is completely extinguished. Never turn your back to the fire and always maintain a
clear path to an exit, should the situation deteriorate to the point that evacuation is
necessary.
6.7
Inspection of Fire Extinguishers
Fire extinguishers should be visually inspected at least monthly. The inspection tag
should be initialed and dated by the inspector. Annual servicing should be performed by
a qualified fire extinguisher service company. Items to check during the visual
inspection include:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
The unit is in its proper location and easily accessible;
The unit has no noticeable damage;
The nozzle is not obstructed;
Operating instructions are legible;
The lock pins and tamper seals are in place;
The pressure gauge is within the proper limits;
The inspection tag is in place and up to date; and
Any posted identification signs are secured and legible.
4
Section 7.0-Flammable & Combustible
Liquids Safety
Rev. 3/07
FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS SAFETY
7.1
Scope and Purpose
The Board of Education understands that the storage and handling of flammable and combustible
liquids can be dangerous. Guidelines are being provided to assist the employee in the safe storage
and use of flammable and combustible liquids in the workplace. Because specific characteristics of
flammable and combustible liquids vary, it is impossible to cover every detail of safe handling and
use of every liquid. Therefore, users should become familiar with the respective Material Safety
Data Sheets for the individual products with which they will work. Material Safety Data Sheets can
be obtained from the Right to Know Central File. Proper authorization, training and knowledge
must be considered before responding to an incident involving these products.
Reference: OSHA 29 CFR:1910.106 subpart H.
NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code
New Jersey Uniform Fire Code
7.2 Definitions
As defined by NFPA 30, a flammable liquid is any liquid having a flash point below 100 degrees F.
(37.8 degrees C.). Common flammable liquids may include certain paints, floor polishes, cleaning
solutions and varnishes.
Combustible liquids are those with a flash point at or above 100 degrees F. (37.8 C.), but below 200
degrees F. ( 93.3 C.). Although combustible liquids do not ignite as easily as flammable liquids,
they can ignite under certain circumstances and provide a continuous fuel source for the fire.
Consequentially, they must be handled with caution. Some of the more common combustible
liquids include oils, alcohols and petroleum based lubricants. Any combustible liquid, when heated
to a temperature at or above its flash point, will produce ignitable vapors.
7.3
General Safety Measures
Flammable and combustible liquids require careful handling. Mixing these liquids, smoking around
them and using electrical equipment around them add to the hazards. By following these general
safety guidelines, you can reduce the potential hazards associated with the handling and use of
flammable and combustible liquids.
7.3.1 Preventing dangerous mixtures
A. Avoid accidentally mixing flammable and combustible liquids. This can change the
characteristics of the material, making it more hazardous.
Example: Mixing gasoline with fuel oil may change the flash point enough to make the
fuel oil hazardous and causing the material to act as though it were a flammable liquid.
1
B. Identify all fill openings, discharge openings and control valves on any equipment using
flammable and combustible liquids.
C. Mark tanks and containers with the name of its contents with colors or labels.
D. Use a portable UL or FM approved flammable liquid storage container for handling
flammable liquids in quantities up to 5 gallons. Containers designed to hold gasoline
should be red in color. Containers designed to hold kerosene should be blue in color.
Containers should be prominently labeled with the contents.
E. Traditionally, petroleum-based liquid vapors tend to be heavier than air and will settle into
lower areas and congregate in areas with minimal ventilation. Therefore, spark-producing
items and activity must be avoided.
7.3.2 Smoking
A. Do not permit anyone to smoke or carry matches or lighters or other spark producing
devices in any building or areas where flammable liquids are stored, handled or used.
B. Conspicuously post “No Smoking” signs around areas where flammable liquids are stored
or handled.
C. Restrict storage areas to authorized personnel and keep the cabinet, room or building
locked.
7.3.3 Static Electricity
Static electricity is generated by the contact and separation of dis-similar material. The
principle hazards of static electricity are fire and explosion caused by spark discharges that
contain enough energy to ignite flammable or explosive vapors, gases or dust particles.
Bonding or grounding is used to eliminate a potential difference between an object and the
ground. Above ground storage tanks and containers used for the storage of flammable liquids
should be properly grounded when they are not in direct contact with the ground or
conductive supports which touch the ground. Containers situated on concrete floors or
nonconductive supports should be appropriately grounded. Approved grounding methods
may include ground wires attached to a grounding spike inserted directly into the earth or
ground wires attached to cold water piping. Any large scale grounding efforts should be
performed by a licensed electrician.
Bonding wires are used in order to reduce static discharge when dispensing flammable
liquids from one metal container to another metal container. Bonding wires should be
securely attached between the two containers prior to dispensing the liquids.
7.3.4 Electrical Equipment
Electricity becomes a source of ignition where flammable vapors exist. This occurs if an
improper type of electrical equipment for these atmospheres has been installed or equipment
has not been maintained. Any area that will be used for the storage, handling or dispensing of
flammable liquids should be properly designed in accordance with the New Jersey Uniform
Construction Code, National Electrical Code and the New Jersey Uniform Fire Code. This
may include installation of explosion proof lighting, wiring and fixed ventilation systems.
2
7.3.5 Spark Resistant Tools
If it is necessary to work in areas where there is the potential for flammable vapor build-up, it
may be necessary to utilize spark resistant tools in order to minimize the potential for an
explosion. Some materials, such as carbon disulfide, acetylene and ethyl ether, have low
ignition energy points. As a conservative measure, when using these and similar materials,
special spark resistant tools should be used.
7.3.6 Health Hazards
Flammable and combustible liquids can create health hazards when inhaled or when they
come in contact with the skin. It is important to wear all appropriate personal protective
equipment when handling or working around flammable and combustible liquids. The
manufacturer’s labels and Material Safety Data Sheets should be reviewed for the appropriate
safety precautions. As a minimum precaution, employees should always wear safety goggles
and chemical resistant gloves when working with flammable or combustible liquids.
7.3.7 Storage
A. Flammable liquids should be stored in approved cabinets or a storage room that does not
open to the public portion of the building. Flammable liquid storage cabinets may need to
be vented to the outside in order to minimize the build-up of vapors inside the cabinet.
B. Aerosol products should be stored in cool, dry locations where temperatures do not exceed
120 degrees F.
C. Flammable and combustible liquids are not permitted to be stored in open containers.
D. All flammable liquids shall be stored in approved flammable liquid storage containers.
No more than 2 gallons of Class IA flammable liquids or 5 gallons of any other class of
flammable or combustible liquid shall be stored in safety cans outside of an
interior storage room or storage cabinet.
E. No more than 60 gallons of Class I or II liquids shall be stored inside of an approved
interior storage room or rated storage cabinet.
7.3.8 Disposal of Flammable Liquids
A. Whenever possible, flammable liquids should be returned to an authorized recycling or
recovery contractor. If recycling is not feasible, liquids should be removed and disposed
of by a licensed disposal contractor.
B. Waste liquids should only be stored in approved containers, which are appropriately
labeled with the contents. Mixing of materials should be avoided unless approved and
authorized by the recovery or disposal company.
C. Observe all regulatory requirements such as those of the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA), including saving manifests and shipping papers for future review.
D. Should a spill occur, notify local authorities immediately. In case of spills in quantities of
½ gallon or more into the environment or navigable waters, notify the National Response
Center at: 1 (800) 424-8802.
E. It is recommended that a clean-up contractor be notified as soon as possible if the spill
cannot be cleaned-up by in-house employees.
3
7.3.9 Additional Precautions
ƒ
ƒ
Never use a flammable liquid as a cleaning product within the building unless it is
in a closed
machine approved for that specific purpose.
ƒ
Any flammable or combustible liquid storage room should be designed in
accordance with local building and fire codes.
ƒ
Flammable liquid storage cabinets should be properly labeled with conspicuous
lettering reading “Flammable – Keep Fire Away”.
ƒ
ƒ
Flammable liquids shall not be dispensed by gravity from tanks, drums, barrels or
similar
containers.
ƒ
Never refuel equipment or machinery with the engine running or hot.
ƒ
Always use appropriate PPE.
4
Section 8.0-Forklift Safety
Rev. 3/07
FORKLIFT SAFETY
8.1
Scope and Purpose
This section provides procedures to help protect district employees from the hazards
associated with the operation of powered industrial trucks (forklifts).
Reference: OSHA 29 CFR 1910.178 Powered Industrial Trucks
ANSI B56.1
8.2
Definitions
8.2.1 Qualified Operator – A person who has completed a formal training program
documenting that they have the necessary technical knowledge and skills to recognize the
hazards associated with the operation of a powered industrial truck. Only trained and
authorized persons are to be designated as qualified operators.
8.2.2 Powered Industrial Truck – Any mechanical device used for the movement of supplies,
materials or finished products that is powered by an electric motor or an internal combustion
engine. This includes forklifts, motorized order pickers and motorized pallet jacks. Farm
vehicles and earth moving equipment are excluded.
8.3
Training
No one is permitted to operate a powered industrial truck until they have completed an
approved training program and demonstrated the necessary skills to operate the specific
powered industrial truck safely. Methods of evaluation should include a discussion of
operating information, hazards and specific safety information. A written test should be
administered to assess the knowledge gained during the training program. A hands-on
evaluation is required for each specific powered industrial truck that the employee will be
required to operate. The trainer should assess a variety of practical skills to evaluate the
employee.
The training program, at a minimum, should include the following:
• the hazards associated with the operation of a powered industrial truck;
• the safe and proper operation of the powered industrial truck to prevent injury;
• the characteristics of each forklift;
• comparison of a forklift to an automobile;
• the significance of the name plate data on the forklift;
• proper operating, inspection and maintenance information;
• load handling instructions;
• use of operator controls;
• fueling procedures;
• site of specific safety information;
• hands-on practical evaluation.
1
Employees are not permitted to operate a forklift until they have successfully completed the
entire training program, with the exception of direct supervision by the trainer for the handson evaluation. Re-training shall be conducted at least every three (3) years or when an
employee demonstrates operation of equipment in an unsatisfactory manner.
8.4
Inspection Procedures
The forklift must be inspected by the operator prior to the start of each shift. A written
inspection form should be completed and submitted to the department supervisor. Any
deficiencies which could jeopardize the safe operation of the forklift must be corrected before
the forklift is used.
The pre-operational inspection should include a check of the following:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
all fluid levels and pressures;
leaks;
steering;
brakes;
fuel/battery levels;
tires;
hoses/belts/cables;
horns/alarms;
mast/forks;
gauges/controls;
safety equipment.
If a deficiency is discovered during the pre-operational check, a notation should be made on
the inspection form. The unit should be tagged out-of-service until proper repairs can be
made.
8.5
Operational Safety
The following general safety guidelines should be followed when operating a forklift:
•
Always mount and dismount a forklift by facing the truck and using a three point stance
with two hands and one foot in contact with the floor or unit at all times. Never jump on
or off of the forklift.
•
Become familiar with all controls as they may vary from unit to unit. Be sure you
understand every control for the forklift you are to operate before starting the motor.
•
If the forklift has a seatbelt, you must wear it. A seatbelt will help to hold you in the
frame of the safety cage in the event of a tip over.
•
Never start a forklift from anywhere but in the operator’s position.
•
Keep your hands, arms and legs inside the forklift cab at all times.
2
8.6
•
Never allow anyone to ride on your forklift.
•
Never leave a load in the raised position.
•
Never allow anyone to stand or pass under the elevated portion of the forklift.
•
If a forklift is to be left unattended, forks shall be fully lowered and controls shall be
placed in a neutral position. The brakes of the unit should be set and power should be shut
off. If the forklift is on an incline, wheels should be blocked. A forklift is considered
unattended when the operator is out of view or is more than 25 feet away.
•
Consider barricades or other methods to seal off the area where you will be operating the
lift to control pedestrian and vehicular traffic.
Picking-Up a Load
The following are general safety procedures when picking-up a load with a forklift:
8.7
•
Make sure the load does not exceed the capacity of your forklift. Check the unit rating
plate.
•
Make sure the forks are positioned properly.
•
Make sure the load is balanced and secured.
•
Check for overhead obstructions.
•
Raise the forks to the proper height.
•
Drive into the load as far as possible.
•
Tilt the load back slightly and then lift.
•
Back and lower the load to within 2 to 4 inches from the floor before moving.
Traveling With a Load
The following are general safety precautions to follow when traveling with a load on a
forklift:
•
Pedestrians always have the right of way.
•
Never allow anyone to ride on your forklift.
•
Always watch where you are going.
•
Keep the forks low, 2 to 4 inches above the floor if possible.
3
8.8
•
Keep the load tilted back slightly.
•
Always drive at a safe speed and slow down when going around corners.
•
Sound the horn when approaching aisles and corners.
•
Always drive up and back down ramps and inclines.
•
Avoid sudden braking.
•
Lift or lower the load only when completely stopped, never when traveling.
Placing a Load
The following general safety procedures are provided for placing a load with a forklift:
8.9
•
Stop the forklift completely before raising the load.
•
Move slowly with the load raised.
•
Never walk or stand under a raised load.
•
Tilt the load forward only when over a stack or rack.
•
Be certain the forks clear the pallet before turning or changing height.
•
Always stack the load square and straight.
•
Before backing, check behind and on both sides for pedestrians or other traffic.
•
Unusually shaped loads, such as rolls, may require special stacking. Be aware of the
requirements before picking-up these loads.
Fueling the Unit
8.9.1 Propane
•
Always wear the proper personal protective equipment (as a minimum – Nitrile rubber
gloves and safety goggles) when changing tanks.
•
Shut valve off to use up propane in the line before changing tanks.
•
Shut off the ignition after engine stops.
•
Do not change tanks near an open flame or heat source. No smoking is allowed in the
fueling area.
•
If there is a leak, you should be able to detect it by smell.
4
•
Propane is heavier than air and it will settle to the floor if there is a leak.
•
Check the condition of all valves and seals before connecting the new tank.
•
Handle tanks carefully. Propane can cause a freeze burn if it comes in contact with your
skin.
•
Tanks should not be stored in areas where leaking gas might accumulate.
8.9.2 Gasoline or Diesel Fuel
•
Always wear the proper personal protective equipment (as a minimum – Nitrile rubber
gloves & safety goggles) when fueling your forklift.
•
Shut off the engine.
•
Be sure you are using the proper fuel.
•
Avoid over-filling the tank.
•
Clean-up any spills following proper safety procedures for fuel spills.
•
Check for any leaks.
•
Replace the fuel cap.
8.9.3 Batteries
•
Always wear the proper personal protective equipment (as a minimum – Butyl rubber
gloves & safety goggles) when changing the battery.
•
Be aware of the nearest flushing station for neutralizing spilled electrolyte and the nearest
eyewash and safety shower locations.
•
Shut off the unit.
•
Do not smoke or have any open flames in the battery changing area.
•
Be sure the brake is set on the forklift before changing the battery.
•
Make sure the battery is secured before lifting it.
•
Stand clear when moving the battery.
•
Make sure that the ventilation system is working properly before changing a battery.
•
Always add battery acid to water, never add water to battery acid.
5
•
If charging the battery on the forklift, uncover the battery compartment to prevent the
build-up of heat and hydrogen gas.
•
Make sure that metal objects do not come in contact with the terminals on the battery.
•
Make sure the charger is off before connecting it to the battery.
•
Make sure the vent caps at not plugged.
•
Never plug the charger directly into the truck.
6
SECTION 9.0-HAND AND POWER
TOOL SAFETY
Rev. 3/07
HAND AND POWER TOOL SAFETY
9.1
Scope and Purpose
The Board of Education has implemented this section to provide general guidelines for the
safe use and operation of hand and power tools.
Reference: OSHA 29 CFR 1910.212, .213, .242 and .243.
9.2
General
The correct tool can make a job easier and quicker. Using the tool incorrectly or not using the
proper tool for the job can create a hazard which may lead to injury.
Each year, thousands of people are injured while using various hand and power tools. Tools
that cause the most injuries are as follows:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Saws
Hammers
Drills
Pliers/Wrenches
Screwdrivers
* National Safety Council Accident Facts Manual
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
9.3
Only trained and authorized persons should operate power equipment.
Always read and follow operating and maintenance instructions.
Always select and use the appropriate personal protective equipment when using
hand and power tools. Refer to Section 17.0 Personal Protective Equipment in
this manual.
Always inspect tools for damage prior to use.
Remove any damaged tools from service and report the damage immediately to your
supervisor. Damaged tools should be tagged “Out of Service”.
Store tools properly to prevent injury to others and damage to the tools.
Keep tools clean to prolong their life and minimize potential for damage.
Hand Tools
•
•
•
•
•
Select the correct tool for the job.
Pick the best quality tool you can afford. Cheap, poorly made tools can break and
cause injury. (Remember- “you get what you pay for”.)
Choose tools that feel comfortable and fit your hands without having to bend or
twist your wrist.
Store tools properly. Carry sharp tools with points or blades pointed downward.
Never put sharp tools in your pocket.
1
9.3.1 Screwdrivers
•
•
•
•
•
Choose a screwdriver with a handle that completely crosses your hand in order to
avoid putting pressure on your palm.
Never use a screwdriver as a chisel, pry bar or hole punch.
Select a screwdriver with a tip that fits into the screw properly.
Make sure the handle, blade and shaft of the screwdriver are not bent, cracked,
chipped or broken.
Use insulated screwdrivers for electrical work.
9.3.2 Hammers
•
•
•
Strike blows squarely with the hammer face parallel to the surface.
Inspect the hammer for a loose or damaged handle. Never use a hammer with
cracks, chips or mushrooming on the head.
Use carpenter hammers for nails and ball-peen hammers for cold chisels.
9.3.3 Chisels/Punches
•
•
•
•
•
Always wear appropriate eye protection.
Never use a punch or chisel with a mushroomed head.
Inspect the cutting edge to make sure it is sharp. Redress the tip if necessary.
Discard any chisel or punch that is bent, cracked to chipped.
Aim blows or cuts away from your body.
9.3.4 Wrenches
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Choose a wrench that is comfortable and easy to use for the task.
Be prepared for a wrench to slip or move suddenly, which could cause you to lose
balance.
Pull the wrench towards you.
Use box and socket wrenches for heavy duty work.
Do not exceed the wrench capacity by using a pipe or “cheater” bar for leverage.
This can cause the wrench to break.
Never strike the head of a wrench with a hammer unless it is specifically designed
for this task.
Never use a wrench as a hammer.
Do not attempt to use pliers as a substitute for a wrench.
9.3.5 Saws
•
•
•
•
Use slow, deliberate strokes to avoid buckling or snapping the blade.
Use a vice to secure objects, when possible.
Install hacksaw blades with the teeth pointed forward.
Use a light machine oil on saw blades to keep the blade cool.
2
9.4
Power Tools
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
9.5
Use power tools only when trained and authorized to do so.
Always wear proper personal protective equipment. At a minimum, eye protection
should be worn. Hearing protection should be worn for any prolonged exposure to
power tools.
Secure loose clothing and hair. Avoid wearing jewelry around power tools.
Inspect the tool thoroughly, including blades and bits.
Inspect power cords for damage, frays or missing ground plugs.
Ensure all guards are in place. Never use a tool with a missing guard.
Use a ground fault interrupter circuit plug in damp or wet conditions.
Always make sure the tool switch is in the off position before plugging the tool in.
Never put the tool down until it has stopped running.
Wait until saws are at full speed before starting your cut.
Keep your hands and fingers away from the point of operation at all times.
For table saws, use a push stick, if necessary, to keep your hands away from the
point of operation. Never use a table saw without the guard in place.
Inspect bench grinder wheels for chips and cracks.
Adjust tool rests on bench grinders to within 1/8 of an inch of the abrasive wheel.
Landscaping Tools and Equipment
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Never remove or bypass manufacturer’s safety guards.
Never attempt to access lawnmower blades while the unit is running. Always turn
off the unit and disconnect the spark plug prior to accessing the mower blade.
Never lift or tip a mower while it is running.
Always push a mower, never pull it towards you.
Never carry passengers on a riding mower.
Shut off all power equipment before re-fueling.
Wear the appropriate personal protective equipment, including eye protection, foot
protection and hearing protection.
Use hardhats around tree trimming operations or low hanging branches.
Ensure the hand guard on a chainsaw is in place.
Start chainsaws on the ground, not by holding the unit or placing it against your
body.
Shut off the chainsaw when moving to a different location.
Wear protective chaps for extensive chainsaw use.
3
Section 10.0-Hearing Conservation
Rev. 3/07
HEARING CONSERVATION
10.1 Scope and Purpose
The Board of Education recognizes that there may be times when employees are exposed to
high noise levels. This section is designed to provide information on reducing exposures to
noise and using proper protective equipment.
Reference OSHA 29 CFR 1910.95
10.2 What is Noise
Noise is defined as an unwanted or unpleasant sound. The higher the noise intensity, the
greater the effect on the ears.
Noise can come from many sources including power tools, machinery, radios (including
personal headsets) and guns. You may have been affected by high noise levels both on and
off the job.
10.3 Effects of Noise on Hearing
•
•
•
•
Hearing loss from noise can be temporary or permanent.
Hearing loss can occur from a sudden loud noise or long term exposure to noise.
Prolonged exposure, as defined by OSHA Regulations, is considered loud or high
pitched noise exposure at or above 90 decibels over an 8-hour period.
Signs that noise may be hurting you include:
-Ringing in the ears
-Trouble hearing people speak
-Difficulty hearing certain levels of sounds (high or low)
-Raising the volume of the T.V. or radio more than usual
•
•
•
Once you lose a portion of your hearing, the loss is permanent.
Hair cells in the ear canal do not regenerate.
Remember-you cannot “get used” to noise. If your tolerance of noise is increasing,
it is because you are losing your hearing.
10.4 Job Exposures
Every job is different and must be evaluated for the need to use hearing protection. Common
job exposures requiring hearing protection include:
•
•
Prolonged use of power tools such as saws, grinders and drills.
Use of grounds-keeping equipment such as mowers, tractors, weed-eaters and leaf
blowers.
1
•
•
Use of snow blowers.
Prolonged use of air compressors, shop vacuums, generators and power washers.
10.5 Protective Measures
10.5.1 Always attempt to isolate noisy machinery by placing in a separate unoccupied area
and sound proofing the room.
10.5.2 Maintain and lubricate equipment to minimize rattles and squeaks.
10.5.3 When installing new machinery, place on rubber or spring mountings to reduce
vibration.
10.5.4 Rotate workers through high noise areas to limit exposure.
10.5.5 Schedule use of high noise equipment during off hours to minimize exposure to
others.
10.5.6 Always wear proper hearing protection to lessen noise exposure, even if the noise
does not appear that loud. Most hearing due to noise loss occurs over time due to
prolonged exposure. Everything you do now to minimize that exposure will lessen
the risk of hearing problems in the future.
10.6 Hearing Protection
There are three basic types of hearing protection.
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
Plugs
Muffs
Canal caps
Protection should be selected on the needed protection factor or noise reduction rating (NRR).
The higher the NRR, the better the protection provided.
10.6.1 Earplugs
Earplugs are the least expensive form of hearing protection. The can be single use
disposable or re-useable type. Earplugs have the benefit of being small, inexpensive,
portable and comfortable. The provide an excellent form of hearing protection,
sometimes as high as 32 decibels.
Earplugs must seal the entire ear canal to be effective. Do not reuse disposable plugs
as then can introduce dirt into the ear canal and can become mis-shapen, reducing
their effectiveness. Re-useable plugs should be cleaned after each use and stored in a
protective package to keep them clean.
2
10.6.2 Earmuffs
Earmuffs consist of a headband, ear cups and ear cushions. They protect the ears
by sealing the entire ear from noise. While an excellent source of hearing protection,
they have the disadvantages of being more expensive, heavier, less comfortable in hot
weather and are not easily portable.
Muffs should be inspected for wear prior to each use. Clean the ear cushions on a
regular basis with mild soap and water.
10.6.3 Canal Caps
Canal caps are soft pads on a flexible headband. They seal the ear canal without
entering like earplugs. A snug fit is essential for proper hearing protection.
Canal caps are re-usable, lightweight and comfortable. They should be cleaned
regularly with mild soap and water.
10.6.4 Employees should be offered a selection of different types and brands of hearing
protection in order to find the most comfortable fit.
3
Section 11.0-Kitchen Safety
Rev. 3/07
KITCHEN SAFETY
11.1 Scope and Purpose
The Board of Education recognizes that while traditionally cafeteria workers have represented
a small percentage of the overall accidents in schools, the diversity of exposures in a kitchen
setting lends itself to a high potential for injury. As a result, the following guidelines are
being provided for some of the more common causes of injuries. Food service workers are
expected to maintain a safe working environment and use a common sense approach to safety.
11.2 Slips and Falls
Slips and falls are an inherent risk in a kitchen environment. Items that may contribute to slip
and fall potential include:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Condition of floor surfaces
Spills
Grease buildup
Obstructed aisles
Lack of nonslip mats
Lack of warning signs
Use of improper cleaning chemicals
Floors should be kept clean at all times. Spills should be cleaned up immediately. Newly
mopped or waxed floors should be marked with warning signs. Nonslip mats should be used
in areas that are subject to grease buildup or dampness, such as around sinks and cooking
equipment. Use floor cleaners which do not pose an increased slip hazard.
Consider assigning a custodian for duty in the lunch room for prompt cleanup of spills and
food product.
11.3 Safe Lifting
When lifting and moving objects, always assess the object to be lifted to ensure you are
capable of handling the item. Use assistance devices, such as hand-trucks or an additional
employee, when needed. Position yourself properly prior to the lift. Avoid over-reaching or
lifting off balance. Remember to bend at the knees and not at the waist. Grasp the load
firmly and hold it close to your body. Pivot with your feet and hips, not your back.
Always make sure the path of travel is clear before moving the object. When storing food,
supplies and equipment, attempt to place the heavier and bulkier items at a lower level and
lighter objects at a higher level to minimize strain.
Please refer to Section 20.0 – Safe Lifting and Back Safety for more detailed information.
1
11.4 Cut Prevention
11.4.1 Knives- One of the most common tools in a kitchen environment is a knife. It is also
one of the most frequent causes of injury in the kitchen. Knives come in a variety of
sizes and shapes and are designed for different tasks. No matter what type of knife
you are handling, the following common sense precautions will apply:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Always use the correct knife for the job.
Keep knives sharp to ensure smooth cutting.
Carry with the tip pointed downward.
Do not use the knife for any purpose, other than cutting.
Store knives properly. Knives should be stored in a butcher’s block, on a wall
rack or in a designated draw with the tip pointed in.
Be careful when cleaning knives in soapy water or when reaching into soapy
water when you are unsure of the contents.
Do not hold items in your hand while attempting to cut. Always cut away from
your body.
11.4.2 Slicers- Slicers have been the cause of many serious accidents in schools,
delicatessens and supermarkets. Many of the injuries are caused by improper cleaning
procedures. The following guidelines will help to minimize your potential for injuries
while using or cleaning a slicer:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Always make sure that the handguard is in place prior to using a slicer.
Before cleaning a slicer, turn the unit off and unplug the cord from the outlet.
This will help to ensure that the unit is not accidentally turned on while you are
performing the cleaning.
Use a thick towel or cloth to wipe the blade clean.
Consider the use of cut resistant gloves when cleaning the blade to further
minimize laceration exposures.
Always use cut and slip resistant gloves when handling the blade in soapy water.
Always inspect the blade prior to use to ensure that it is not damaged.
11.5 Electrical Safety
Everyone knows that electricity and water do not mix. By design, kitchen environments have
significant water and power equipment exposures. The utmost caution is warranted to ensure
that electrical devices are maintained in proper condition and situated in such a way that they
do not pose an injury risk.
The following guidelines will help to minimize your potential for electrical shock exposures:
•
Routinely inspect power cords and plugs for damage. Immediately report any
damage to a supervisor and remove the appliance from service until repairs can be
made.
2
•
Make sure the ground plug on three-pronged plugs is in good condition. Never use
an appliance where the ground plug is damaged or missing. Never attempt to plug a
three-pronged plug into a two-pronged outlet.
•
•
Arrange appliances as far away from water sources as possible.
Ensure all plugs that are within six feet of a water source are protected by a ground
fault interrupter circuit. This type of circuit will help to minimize shock potential.
Extension cords are to be used for temporary power supply only. Avoid permanent
use of extension cords and use only heavy duty type extension cords, when needed.
When unplugging appliances, grasp the plug firmly to remove it from the outlet.
Never pull on the cord to remove the plug from the outlet as this can cause damage.
Immediately report any damaged electrical equipment or shock incidents to your
supervisor.
•
•
•
11.6 Burn Prevention
A kitchen environment poses many burn injury opportunities. Cooking equipment, steam, hot
water and hot food and liquids all pose the potential for serious burns. Rushing, inattention
and unsafe acts all can contribute to burn potential to yourself or your co-workers.
11.6.1 General Burn Prevention Safety
•
•
•
•
•
•
11.6.2
Avoid wearing loose clothing around cooking equipment, especially open flame
devices.
Point pot/pan handles and coffeepot handles away from the front of stoves and
burners.
Use potholders, mitts or heavy towels when handling pots, pans and steam table
inserts.
Open lids of covered pots and skillets away from you to avoid steam burns.
Inspect dishwasher access panels for a door interlock device which will shut the unit
down in the event the door is opened. Never open a dishwasher panel without
shutting the machine off. Allow steam to dissipate before reaching or looking
inside.
If you are burned, flush with large amounts of cool water and cover with a clean
cloth. Seek medical attention immediately.
Deep Fat Fryers
•
•
•
For deep fryer units with a thermostat on the top, always adjust the temperature
while the unit is cool. This will avoid reaching over the unit when the oil is hot.
Gently place items into the fryer. Never drop items which can cause the oil to
splash. Avoid overheating the unit. All deep fat fryers should be equipped with a
high limit temperature control which will shut the unit down in the event it
overheats.
Deep fryers should be located at least 18 inches away from any open flame cooking
device or a solid steel panel should be placed between the deep fryer and adjacent
open flame cooking devices.
3
•
•
Deep fat fryers should be arranged so they are protected by an automatic
extinguishing system. Never move the units away from this protection or outside
of the ventilated hood area.
Wipe down deep fryer units on a regular basis to minimize grease build-up, which
can cause a flash fire.
11.7 Fire Safety
11.7.1 Safe Evacuation
•
•
Know the location of emergency exits from the kitchen and cafeteria. Make sure
all exit doors are unlocked and access is kept clear.
Make sure emergency lighting and exit lights are in proper working condition.
Report any deficiencies to the maintenance department.
11.7.2 Fire Extinguisher Safety
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Never use a fire extinguisher unless you have been trained and authorized to do so.
Do not delay notification to the fire department if you attempt to fight a fire.
Know the location of fire extinguishers within your work area.
Select the proper fire extinguisher for the fire. Water type fire extinguishers are
acceptable for Class A combustibles only. This includes cardboard, paper and cloth.
Never use a water extinguisher on a flammable liquid or electrical fire.
Select a dry chemical fire extinguisher for any fires involving flammable liquids or
electrical equipment.
Make sure you have a clear path to an exit before fighting the fire. Never turn your
back to a fire.
Pull the pin from the unit, aim at the base of the fire, squeeze the handle and sweep
back and forth until the fire is extinguished. If you are not immediately making
progress in extinguishing the fire, evacuate the building.
11.8 Chemical Safety
In many ways, chemicals make our jobs easier and safer, but the misuse of chemicals can
cause serious injuries. Always read the manufacturer’s instructions and warning labels prior
to using a chemical, especially for the first time. If you are unsure of the chemical hazards,
refer to the Material Safety Data Sheet.
The following guidelines will help to ensure your safety when handling chemicals:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Always use the correct cleaner for the job.
Never use an unlabeled product. Place proper labels on containers when
transferring from larger containers to smaller containers.
Always use the proper personal protective equipment when handling chemicals. At
a minimum, this should include protective gloves and safety glasses.
Be careful to avoid mixing chemicals that are not compatible, such as drain
cleaners and bleach-based products. This may cause a dangerous reaction.
Store chemicals properly. Make sure lids are kept tight.
Report any chemical exposures and spills immediately.
4
•
Even if only a disinfectant was splashed or spilled onto your clothing, a chemical
burn can occur if allowed to remain on saturated clothing against the skin.
Contaminated clothing should be removed and washed immediately. Thoroughly
washing and rinsing the skin is equally important. Seek medical attention.
11.9 Refrigeration Equipment
• Should a refrigerant leak occur, evacuate the area to avoid respiratory exposure to
toxic vapors. Alert authorities to secure the situation prior to re-entry.
• Whenever dry ice is used in freezers, ensure that all personnel are aware of its use
and know the hazards of the potential lack of oxygen.
5
Section 12.0-Laboratory Safety
Rev. 3/07
LABORATORY SAFETY
12.1 Scope and Purpose
The Board of Education has developed the following general guidelines to help control
hazards associated with science laboratories in the schools. It is important to remember these
are basic safety rules only. For detailed laboratory safety information, please refer to the
district Chemical Hygiene Plan.
Reference: OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1450
12.2 Role of Science Staff
Science educators are responsible for the management of school science safety programs.
The staff must be proactive in anticipating, discovering and correcting laboratory situations
which might cause injuries to students and staff or damage to school property. The Chemical
Hygiene Program is the administrative control measure for all lab activity.
Each part of the science curriculum should be evaluated. Experiments should be analyzed in
their most basic, sequential steps for possible hazards which may lead to undesirable
consequences. New experiments should be practiced privately by the teacher before exposing
students. The Chemical Hygiene Officer will give final approval of all experiments and
procedures, and monitor the effectiveness of the Chemical Hygiene Program.
12.3 Equipment Safety
12.3.1 Always inspect tools and equipment prior to use. Never use damaged or broken
equipment.
12.3.2 Inspect glassware prior to each use for chips or cracks which could cause cuts or
spills.
12.3.3 Inspect gas supply hoses for cracks and wear.
12.3.4 Inspect power cords and plugs on energized equipment to ensure there are no cracks,
frays or splices. Never use a power cord that has a missing or bent ground plug.
12.3.5 Never use electrical equipment around flammable liquids or gases unless the
equipment is explosion proof, in accordance with the National Electrical Code
12.3.6 Never use equipment that has missing or damaged guards, switches, thermostats or
pressure relief devices.
12.3.7 Always demonstrate proper operating procedures to students using equipment and
observe student practices. Always correct unsafe behavior immediately.
1
12.3.8 All outlets within six feet of a water source should have a ground fault circuit
interrupter (GFCI) to minimize electric shock.
12.3.9 Always use equipment according to the manufacturer’s instructions and only for its
intended use.
12.4 Fire Safety
Fires are a serious concern in a laboratory environment because the mixture of burning
chemicals and fuels can create an explosive situation. The following guidelines are provided
to assist in reducing fire and explosion potential.
12.4.1 An adequate number of ABC dry chemical fire extinguishers should be readily
accessible.
12.4.2 If combustible metals are handled (such as sodium, magnesium or potassium),
appropriate class D fire extinguishers must be available.
12.4.3 Properly secure long hair and loose clothing to prevent exposure to open flames and
moving equipment.
12.4.4 Ensure a fire blanket is readily available to smother flames on a person.
12.4.5 Properly segregate incompatible chemicals such as oxidizers and flammables.
12.4.6 Use approved UL or FM containers and cabinets for flammable and combustible
liquid storage.
12.4.7 All compressed gas cylinders should be stored in an upright position and properly
secured to prevent tipping.
12.4.8 Routinely inspect gas cylinders for damage or leaks. Always keep valves covered
when the bottle is not in use.
12.4.9 Always separate incompatible gas cylinders by at least 20 feet, when not in use.
12.4.10 Routinely inspect the automatic fuel shut-off for natural gas supplies.
12.4.11 Always inspect all gas jets after completing an experiment to ensure they are in the
OFF position.
12.5 General Laboratory Rules
12.5.1 Secure all loose hair, clothing, jewelry and accessories to minimize exposure to
flames and moving equipment.
2
12.5.2 Always wear the proper personal protective equipment (PPE) for the anticipated
exposures. This may include splash goggles, face shields, aprons, labcoats and
gloves. Consult the Material Safety Data Sheet AND the corresponding Hazardous
Substance Fact Sheet for accurate PPE application.
12.5.3 Always inspect personal protective equipment prior to each use. Do not use damaged
PPE.
12.5.4 Maintain good housekeeping throughout the laboratory. Properly clean-up spilled
materials in accordance with established procedures.
12.5.5 Keep work areas and aisles free of obstructions.
12.5.6 Ensure students have a thorough understanding of the experiment and equipment
prior to starting.
12.5.7 Ensure students refrain from running and horseplay.
12.5.8 Ensure students practice good hygiene while working in the laboratory. Food and
drinks should be prohibited while working in the laboratory. Make-up should not be
applied while working around chemicals.
12.5.9 Ensure students evacuate the laboratory immediately in an emergency.
12.5.10 Always use tongs or a dust pan and brush to pick-up broken glass.
12.6 Chemical Safety
12.6.1 Ensure all gas valves are shut-off when not in use.
12.6.2 Always wear appropriate personal protective equipment.
12.6.3 Only the instructor should dispense chemicals from the original containers.
12.6.4 Never use more than the recommended amount of a chemical.
12.6.5 Always use rubber bulbs for piping chemicals. Never suck fluids through a pipette by
mouth.
12.6.6 Obey all signs, labels and warnings about chemicals.
12.6.7 Keep incompatible chemicals segregated. Do not store chemicals in alphabetical
order, as closely related chemicals may be incompatible.
12.6.8 Keep track of the shelf life of chemicals. Older chemicals can become unstable with
age.
12.6.9 Properly dispose of old and used chemicals in approved containers. Never flush
hazardous chemicals down the sink unless neutralized and approved.
3
12.6.10 Use appropriate fume hoods, when necessary.
12.6.11 Make sure that emergency eyewash and safety shower units are functional and
accessible. The units should be tested weekly and a log maintained.
12.7 Science Facilities
While every laboratory has a different degree of exposure, the following are items that should
be considered for hazard control:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
First aid kit and emergency eyewash station (flow test weekly)
Emergency drench showers (flow test weekly)
Fire blanket
Fire extinguishers (inspect monthly)
GFCI- protected outlets (test monthly)
Emergency gas shut-offs
Spill control materials
Approved chemical storage cabinets
Mechanical exhaust ventilation
Proper personal protective equipment for the anticipated exposures
Proper control and warning signage
Spill and Releases
It is highly recommended that you evacuate the building in the event of a chemical spill or release. Once
appropriate authorities have determined the degree of the hazard, re-entry can be considered.
Establishment of a hot zone, contamination reduction zone, and safe zone may be necessary. Reduction
of these zones should be done as soon as safely possible.
In the event of a very small scale, limited hazard spill, properly trained and equipped personnel may be
able to perform cleanup or evaluation. Students and non-essential personnel must be evacuated to a safe
zone prior to performing any further evaluation or cleanup. Should the decision be made that school
employees will either evaluate or handle the situation; the following safety precautions should be
observed:
•
APPROACH CAUTIOUSLY FROM UPWIND. Resist the urge to rush in, others cannot be
helped until the situation has been fully assessed.
•
SECURE THE SCENE. Without entering the immediate hazard area (hot zone), isolate the area
and assure the safety of people and the environment, keep people away from the scene and outside
the safety perimeter. Allow enough room to move and remove your own equipment.
•
IDENTIFY THE HAZARDS. Labels, shipping documents, material safety data sheets, and
knowledgeable persons on the scene are valuable information sources. Evaluate all available
information. As more material-specific information becomes available, the response should be
tailored to the situation.
4
•
ASSESS THE SITUATION. Consider the following:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Is there a fire, a spill, or a leak?
What are the weather conditions?
Who or what is at risk: people; property; or the environment?
What actions should be taken: Is an evacuation necessary?, Is diking necessary?, What
resources are required and are readily available?
5. What can be done immediately and safely?
•
OBTAIN HELP. Advise your supervisors to notify responsible agencies and call for assistance
from qualified personnel.
•
DECIDE ON SITE ENTRY. Any efforts made to rescue persons, protect property or the
environment must be weighed against the possibility that you could become part of the problem.
Enter the area only when wearing appropriate protective gear.
•
RESPOND. Respond in an appropriate manner. Establish a command post and lines of
communication. Rescue casualties where possible and evacuate if necessary. Maintain control
of the site. Continually reassess the situation and modify the response accordingly. The first
duty is to consider the safety of people in the immediate area, including your own.
•
ABOVE ALL – DO NOT walk into or touch spilled material. Avoid inhalation of fumes, smoke
and vapors, even if no dangerous goods are known to be involved. Do not assume that gases or
vapors are harmless because of lack of smell – odorless gases or vapors may be extremely
harmful.
5
Section 13.0-Ladder Safety
Rev. 3/07
LADDER SAFETY
13.1
Scope and Purpose
It is the intent of the Board of Education to identify procedures for
the safe and proper use and storage of ladders.
Reference: OSHA 29CFR 1910.26 Portable metal ladders
OSHA 29CFR 1910.25 Portable wood ladders
OSHA 29CFR 1910.27 Fixed ladders
13.2
Types and Ratings of Ladders
It is important that the proper ladder be selected for each specific task. Always check the
capacity of the ladder you intend to use. The standard industry ratings are:
•
•
•
•
Light duty – (Type III) ladders – 200 lbs. maximum
Medium duty – (Type II) ladders – 225 lbs.
Heavy duty – (Type I) ladders – 250 lbs.
Extra heavy duty – (Type IA) ladders – 300 lbs.
Typically, Type I ladders are for industrial use. Type II ladders are for light commercial
use and Type III ladders are for household use.
13.3
Selecting the Proper Ladder
Different jobs require different ladders in order to perform the task safely. Ladders that are
available for use may include:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Stepladders
Straight ladders
Extension ladders
Sectional ladders
Trestle ladders
Stockroom ladders
Tubular metal ladders
13.3.1 Always choose a ladder with the proper duty rating. Read the manufacturer’s
instructions and warning labels affixed to the ladder.
13.3.2 Select a ladder that is long enough so that you can work safely without having to
stand on the top three steps.
13.3.3 Select a ladder with the proper feet for the surface that you will be working on.
Typically, nonskid rubber feet should be used for smooth surfaces. Claw or
pointed feet should be used on soft ground.
1
13.3.4 Always use a nonconductive ladder when working around electrical sources.
Remember that a wood ladder can conduct electricity when it is damp. Fiberglass
ladders would be the optimum choice for work around electrical sources.
13.4
Ladder Inspection
13.4.1 Ladders should be inspected prior to each use and after each use to note any
damage or dangerous conditions.
13.4.2 Inspect ladder steps to ensure they are firmly anchored to the side rails.
13.4.3 Inspect the steps to be sure they are free of oil, grease, paint, dirt, water or any o
other substance which could cause a slip and fall hazard.
13.4.4 Inspect rungs, rails, braces and ropes for damage.
13.4.5 Inspect hinges, screws, nails, nuts and bolts to ensure there are none that are loose
or missing.
13.4.6 Inspect the ladder for any sharp corners or rough edges that could cause scratches
or cuts.
13.4.7 Inspect wooden ladders for excessive splintering or decay.
13.4.8 Inspect extension locks on extension ladders to ensure they are in good condition.
13.4.9 Inspect the feet and pads of portable ladders to make sure they still provide a
nonskid surface.
13.4.10 Inspect cages around fixed ladders to ensure they are not damaged or corroded.
13.4.11 Inspect the anchoring hardware and walls surrounding the anchors for fixed
ladders to note any damage or deterioration.
13.4.12 Never paint a ladder, as this can hide defects and damage.
13.4.13 Any ladder found to be defective should be tagged and removed from use until
it can be repaired or replaced.
13.5
Ladder Transport
13.5.1 Ladders should be carried horizontally, rather than vertically.
13.5.2 If you are carrying a ladder by yourself, make sure you can lift the ladder easily.
Use one hand to grasp the rail of the ladder at its midpoint. Carry it horizontally
and walk with the front of the ladder slightly higher than the back.
13.5.3 If a ladder is too long or too heavy to carry alone, get assistance. Carry the ladder
with one person positioned on either end.
13.5.4 Store ladders where they will not be exposed to the weather and where there is
good ventilation.
13.5.5 To prevent warping, ladders should be hung horizontally on a wall with hangers no
more than 6 feet apart.
13.6
Ladder Set-up
13.6.1 When setting up a ladder, make sure the ground is level and stable. Do not set up
the ladder on a muddy surface.
13.6.2 Do not use bricks or other material to raise the height of a ladder. If it is not tall
enough, you are using the wrong ladder.
13.6.3 The ladder should extend a minimum of three (3) feet above the point of support.
When possible, the ladder should be secured at the point of support.
2
13.6.4 When using extension ladders, abide by the ¼ rule. Make sure the ladder is about
one (1) foot away from the vertical support for every four (4) feet of ladder height
between the base support and the top support. This will produce an angle of
approximately 75 degrees.
NOTE: Should a vertical support not be available, such as when an extension ladder is to be set up in the
middle of a room resting against something like a roof support, you will still need to determine the proper
climb angle. To do this, move the foot of the ladder out to the approximate (1/4 rule) distance, then check
your accuracy by placing your foot against one beam at ground level and while standing straight, extend
one arm horizontally outward toward the ladder. Your finger tips should be at the edge of a ladder rung
(step). If not, readjust until it is.
13.6.5 Never lean a stepladder against a wall to be used as a straight ladder. Ensure
spreaders are locked when using a stepladder.
13.6.6 Never lean a straight ladder against unsecured backing, such a loose boxes or
drums, for support.
13.6.7 Do not place a ladder in front of a door unless the door has been locked, blocked,
or guarded.
13.6.8 Allow only one person at a time on a ladder.
13.6.9 Never use a ladder outside during strong winds.
13.6.10 Never leave an erect ladder unattended.
13.7
Proper Climbing
13.7.1 Always face the ladder when ascending or descending and have both hands free to
grasp it securely.
13.7.2 Carry small tools in a tool belt. Use a hand line to raise and lower large or heavy
tools.
13.7.3 Remove oil, grease and other slippery substances from your hands, shoes and
ladder rungs before you climb.
13.7.4 Always use the 3 point rule when climbing. At least two hands and one foot or
two feet and one hand should be in contact with the ladder at all times.
13.7.5 Keep your body between the side rails of the ladder at all times. This reduces the
chance of falling or tipping over the ladder.
13.7.6 Never try to shift the position of the ladder while you are on it. If the ladder must
be moved, it should be taken down and repositioned.
13.7.7 Never climb higher than the third rung from the top of straight or extension
ladders or the second tread from the top of stepladders.
13.7.8 Anyone who is ill or using alcohol or other drugs should never climb a ladder.
13.7.9 Employees with an intense fear of heights and/or ladders should never be forced to
climb.
13.7.10 Rest whenever your arms get tired or you become disoriented from overhead work.
If you get dizzy or panicked, drape your arms over a rung. Wait until the feeling
passes and then climb down slowly.
3
Section 14.0-Lock-Out/Tag-Out
Rev. 3/07
LOCK-OUT\TAG-OUT
CONTROL OF HAZARDOUS ENERGY
14.1
Scope and Purpose
The Board of Education wants to ensure that all employees and
contractors are protected from the release of hazardous energy whenever maintenance or
servicing is performed on machinery or equipment. It is unacceptable to work on
energized or potentially energized equipment without following proper Lock-Out/TagOut procedures. The following guidelines are designed to provide general recommended
practices to minimize exposure to hazardous energy. ALWAYS refer to the district
Lock-Out/Tag-Out Program for specific detailed information and procedures.
Reference: OSHA 29 CFR 1910.147
14.2
Definitions
Affected Employee: An employee whose job requires him/her to operate or use a
machine or equipment on which servicing or maintenance is being performed under lockout/tag-out procedures or works in an area that has equipment subject to lock-out
procedures.
Authorized Employee: A person who is trained to perform lock-out/tag-out on equipment
that must be serviced.
Energy Isolating Device: A mechanical device that prevents the transmission of energy,
such as a circuit breaker, disconnect switch, a line valve or block.
Energy Source: Any source of hazardous energy including electrical, mechanical,
hydraulic, pneumatic, chemical and thermal.
Lock-Out: The placement of a locking device on an energy isolating device to ensure that
the equipment cannot be operated until the locking device is removed.
Tag-Out: The placement of a warning tag on an energy isolating device and equipment
being controlled to indicate that the equipment may not be operated until the tag is
removed.
Zero Energy State: The release of any stored energy from all potential power sources.
14.3
Training
14.3.1 Only trained employees shall be permitted to perform the duties of an authorized
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employee. Training must include recognition of applicable hazardous energy
sources, methods for energy isolation and control and specific requirements for all
equipment that will be subjected to lock-out/tag-out procedures.
14.3.2 Training shall be performed initially for all exposed employees prior to being
permitted to perform any maintenance or service work requiring lock-out/tag-out
procedures.
14.3.3 Re-training is recommended on a regular basis. Re-training must be provided
whenever job functions or processes change or whenever new equipment
requiring lock-out/tag-out is introduced.
14.3.4 The training must be performed by a person knowledgeable in the procedures of
lock-out/tag-out. All training must be documented.
14.3.5 Affected employees shall be instructed in the details of the Lock-Out/Tag-Out
Program, the purpose and use of the energy control procedures and the types of
lock-out devices in use in the workplace.
14.4
General Lock-Out Procedures
The following are general procedures for performing lock-out/tag-out.
Always refer to the district Lock-Out/Tag-Out Program for specific information.
14.4.1 Notify all affected employees that maintenance or service work is required on a
specific piece of equipment and that the equipment must be shut down
and locked out to perform the service.
14.4.2 Know the type and magnitude of the energy that you will be dealing
with and all of the potential energy sources.
14.4.3 Locate the disconnect switch or other energy isolating device that
controls the energy to the equipment.
14.4.4 Shut off the equipment using normal stopping procedures. Always remember to
look for hidden sources of energy. Refer to the manufacturer’s operations manual
when in doubt.
14.4.5 Deactivate the energy isolating device(s) so that the equipment is isolated from
the energy source.
14.4.6 Lock-out the energy isolating device(s) with approved lock out equipment and
individual locks. Place a warning tag prominently on the locked out energyisolating device.
14.4.7 With the lock in place, test the disconnect device to make sure that it cannot be
turned on. Test the equipment to be serviced by manually activating the start
switch to confirm all energy has been released and power has been shut off.
Remember to turn the power switch back to the off position before starting the
servicing.
14.4.8 Remove or restrain all stored energy such as springs, fly wheels, hydraulics,
capacitors, etc.
14.4.9 The equipment is now ready to be serviced.
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14.5
Group Lock-Out
When more than one authorized employee is involved with servicing equipment under
lock out, each employee shall secure his or her own lock to a multiple lock out hasp that
has been applied by the initial authorized employee. As employees complete their
servicing duties, they shall remove their locks from the equipment, with the last
employee being responsible for restoring the equipment to service.
14.6
Restoring Equipment to Service
14.6.1 Check the equipment and the immediate area around the equipment to ensure that
all non-essential items, such as tools and materials, have been removed.
14.6.2 Replace all guards that may have been removed while work was being performed.
14.6.3 Check the work area to ensure that all employees have been safely positioned or
restricted from the work area.
14.6.4 Verify that the equipment controls are in neutral.
14.6.5 Remove the lock-out devices and re-energize the equipment.
14.6.6 Notify affected employees that the servicing is completed and the equipment is
ready for use.
14.7
Equipment Considerations
14.7.1 Make sure that you have all necessary equipment to safely perform the work.
This may include the use of circuit breaker lock out devices, wall switch lock out
devices, electrical plug lock out devices and/or valve lock out devices.
14.7.2 Each authorized employee should have their own separately keyed lock.
Duplicate keys should be maintained by an authorized supervisor.
14.7.3 Warning tags should be of a uniform size, shape and color and should be capable
of withstanding adverse weather conditions.
14.7.4 Tags should be affixed to all energy isolating devices with a sturdy tie capable of
withstanding at least 50 pounds of pressure and adverse weather conditions. This
may include the use of wire or plastic ties.
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Section 15.0-Motor Vehicle
Safety
Rev. 3/07
MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY
15.1 Scope and Purpose
Recognizing that motor vehicle accidents account for a significant number of on the job injuries, the
Board of Education has developed these procedures to help protect their employees and the general
public from the hazards associated with operating a motor vehicle.
Reference: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations Title 49
National Safety Council Defensive Driving Course
15.2 Definitions
15.2.1 Class A Vehicle – A tractor trailer; or a truck and trailer with a gross combination weight
rating of 26,001 or more pounds, provided the gross combination weight rating of the
vehicle being towed is more than 10,000 pounds.
15.2.2 Class B Vehicle – Any vehicle with a gross vehicle weight rating of 26,001 or more pounds;
or a vehicle with a gross vehicle rating of 26,001 or more pounds towing a trailer with a
gross vehicle weight rating of less than 10,000 pounds; or a bus designed to transport more
than 15 passengers, including the driver.
15.2.3 Class C Vehicle – Any vehicle with a gross vehicle weight rating of less than 26,001
pounds used and placarded to transport hazardous materials; or any vehicle, excluding taxis
and limousines, designed to transport 8 or more but less than 16 persons, including the
driver when used to transport persons for hire on a daily basis to and from work.
15.2.4 Commercial Driver – For the purposes of this section, any person licensed and authorized to
operate one or more types of commercial vehicles as defined by the Federal Motor Carrier
Safety Regulations.
15.2.5 Commercial Driver’s License – For the purposes of this section, a State issued license for
the operation of one or more types of commercial vehicles as defined in the Federal Motor
Carrier Safety Regulations.
15.2.6 Commercial Motor Vehicle – For the purposes of this section, any vehicle that meets the
criteria of Class A, B or C as defined above.
15.2.7 Motor Vehicle – For the purposes of this section, any vehicle that requires a New Jersey
State licensed operator and registration for use on public roads.
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15.3 General Safety Precautions
15.3.1 Drivers shall be familiar with and abide by all Motor Vehicle laws in the jurisdiction they
are operating.
15.3.2 Drivers shall abide by all posted traffic control signage.
15.3.3 The driver is responsible for ensuring, to the best of their ability, that the vehicle is in safe
operating condition.
15.3.4 Drivers should report any unsafe conditions of the vehicle immediately to their supervisor.
Unsafe conditions should be corrected prior to vehicle use.
15.3.5 All motor vehicles accidents and/or citations must be reported immediately, following the
Board of Education Reporting Policy.
15.3.6 Always lock vehicles, roll-up windows and remove the ignition key when the vehicle is
unattended, to prevent theft or unauthorized use.
15.4 Operating Procedures
15.4.1 Only properly licensed and authorized personnel are permitted to operate Board of
Education vehicles.
15.4.2 Any driver under the influence of alcohol or drugs is prohibited from operating a Board of
Education vehicle. Drivers using physician prescribed medication or over-the-counter
medication must carefully assess any conditions that could impair their driving ability.
15.4.3 Operators of commercial vehicles must possess a current and valid commercial driver’s
license.
15.4.4 All drivers and passengers must use seatbelts at all times that the vehicle is in operation,
when the vehicle is so equipped.
15.4.5 No unauthorized passengers are permitted on Board of Education vehicles.
15.4.6 All personnel must be seated inside the vehicle when in operation. Personnel shall not be
transported on the outside of the vehicle including tailboards, bumpers, running boards,
truck beds or fenders.
15.4.7 Drivers shall remain attentive at all times and will avoid performing any tasks that distract
from their primary responsibility of safe operation of the vehicle.
15.4.8 Drivers shall maintain a safe following distance from other vehicles, based on weather and
road conditions.
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15.4.9 To help avoid collisions, drivers should use defensive driving techniques including:
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Scan the road ahead to anticipate and react to potential hazards;
Adjust vehicle speed to compensate for poor weather or road conditions;
Check side and rearview mirrors every 5 seconds, for vehicles that may be
approaching;
Signal lane changes and turns well in advance;
Never travel in a vehicle blind spot and try to avoid having vehicles travel in your
blind spot;
Cover the brake pedal and scan the road when approaching intersections.
15.4.10 Avoid backing whenever possible. If necessary, use an assistant to back-up larger
vehicles.
15.4.11 Properly secure all loads prior to vehicle operation and ensure that the load does not
interfere with driver vision or the safe operation of the vehicle.
15.5 Commercial Vehicle Considerations
15.5.1 Only authorized and properly licensed commercial drivers are permitted to operate a
commercial vehicle.
15.5.2 Commercial drivers must have a valid physical exam card, when required by law.
15.5.3 All commercially licensed drivers must participate in a random drug and alcohol testing
program, when required, to operate regulated commercial vehicles.
15.5.4 Commercial drivers assigned to safety sensitive job functions are subject to drug and
alcohol testing including:
Pre-employment;
Post accident;
Random;
Reasonable suspicion;
Return to duty; and
Follow-up;
In accordance with Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations.
15.5.5 Drivers of commercial vehicles are responsible for performing all required pre-trip and post
trip inspections and completing the necessary forms.
15.5.6 Deficiencies noted during the inspection should be documented and communicated to a
department supervisor or authorized mechanic. Conditions affecting the safe operation of
the vehicle must be repaired prior to use.
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Section 16.0-Office Safety
Rev. 3/07
OFFICE SAFETY
16.1
Scope and Purpose
It is the intent of the Board of Education to provide a safe and clean working
environment, free of office hazards, in order to protect employees from injury. Office
safety encompasses many areas including housekeeping, fire safety, safe lifting,
equipment safety, ergonomics and indoor air quality. It is the responsibility of every
employee to maintain his or her work areas in a safe and orderly manner at all times.
This section will provide guidelines to effectively reduce hazards in the office.
16.2
General Safety Procedures
16.2.1 Housekeeping
•
Employees are required to maintain their work area in a safe, clean and orderly
manner, free of excessive debris, trash, equipment and supplies.
•
Employees shall report any potential hazards to their immediate supervisor. This
shall include, but is not limited to:
1.
Spills or leaks;
2.
Unlevel or worn walking surfaces;
3.
Loose or missing handrails;
4.
Blocked aisles and exits;
5.
Inoperable lighting;
6.
Damaged office equipment;
7.
Frayed or damaged wiring;
8.
Any other apparent safety or fire hazard.
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•
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A minimum of 36 inches of clearance should be maintained around all electrical
panels.
Exit doors and aisles should remain clear at all times.
Storage of all supplies, tools and equipment shall be in a safe and orderly manner and
fixed in a way to prevent unexpected movement that may cause injury.
16.2.2 Fire Protection
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16.3
Smoking shall not be permitted in the buildings. Smoking shall be restricted to
designated areas only. All smoking materials shall be properly discarded prior to
entering the building. Ash trays and butt cans shall be placed in water filled metal
containers prior to disposal in dumpsters or trash cans.
Flammable and combustible liquids shall be kept in approved and appropriately
labeled containers designed for the storage of flammable liquids.
Flammable liquids (flashpoint below 100 degrees Fahrenheit) in excess of 25 gallons
aggregate storage shall be stored in approved and rated flammable liquid storage
cabinets.
Only approved grounded extension cords with internal circuit breakers shall be used
for providing electrical power to equipment in the office areas. Temporary power
may be supplied using commercial grade grounded extension cords. Household
grade extension cords are prohibited from use.
Personnel should be familiar with the location of fire extinguishers in the area. Fire
extinguishers shall only be used by employees that are trained in the proper use and
only on incipient stage fires. Never delay notification of a fire in an effort to fight the
fire.
General Office Safety
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Always use caution when approaching blind corners, stairways and corridors. Open
doors cautiously to avoid striking persons walking by.
Keep file drawers closed when not in use. Never open more than one drawer at a
time, which can cause the cabinet to overturn.
Never operate equipment without all guards and protective panels in place. Never
reach into a machine to clear a jam, without disconnecting the power cord.
Be cautious of sharp and pointed office equipment such as scissors, letter openers,
pens and pencils.
Secure all shelves and bookcases over 48 inches to minimize the potential for tip
over.
Never overload shelves or bookcases. Keep lighter items at lower levels to minimize
back and shoulder strain.
Keep equipment power cords in an orderly fashion. Never run a cord across an aisle,
to minimize tripping hazards.
Do not lean back in chairs to the point where the chair becomes unbalanced.
Adjust chairs, desks, work stations and computer terminals to minimize strain on the
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16.4
back, shoulder and neck muscles. Stretch frequently to keep muscles from becoming
fatigued.
Adjust artificial lighting and natural light sources to minimize glare on computer
screens in order to avoid unnecessary eyestrain.
Know the location of exits in your work area and the building evacuation policy.
Wear appropriate footwear to minimize slip and fall hazards. Flat-soled, closed heel
and closed toe shoes are the safest choice.
Clean up or report spills and leaks promptly. Place warning signs near the spill until
it can be cleaned up.
Ergonomic Safety
Ergonomics is the science that attempts to adapt the job and workplace to the worker by
designing tasks and tools that are within the worker’s capabilities and limitations. In
order to minimize repetitive stress injuries, the following guidelines should be followed:
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Always try to diversify tasks with repetitive motions in order to minimize strain on
specific parts of the body, such as arms, hands, wrists, back and shoulders.
When performing computer work, properly adjust the monitor to slightly below eye
level, about 18 to 23 inches away from you eyes.
When using a keyboard, maintain hands and wrists in a neutral position, parallel to
the floor. Keep feet flat on the floor or on a specially designed raised footrest, to
minimize strain on the lower back.
Properly adjust the chair so that your knees are at the same level or slightly higher
than your hips.
Ensure there is adequate lighting to minimize eyestrain. Use a glare screen, if
necessary.
Stretch frequently to relax tense or cramped muscles.
When lifting or bending, bend at the knees, not the waist. Do not lift more than you
are capable of handling.
Arrange your desk with frequent tasks closer to you and less frequent tasks farther
away. Arrange phones and other equipment to minimize twisting and reaching.
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SECTION 17.0- PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Rev. 3/07
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
17.1
Scope and Purpose
The Board of Education recognizes that not all job hazards can be eliminated. Potentially
exposed employees are provided with a variety of personal protective equipment to minimize
the potential for injury. Employees are expected to maintain their personal protective
equipment in good condition and use it whenever exposures warrant. If a piece of PPE is
damaged or rendered unusable, the employee is required to obtain a suitable replacement prior
to perform the task.
Reference: OSHA 29 CFR: 1910.132 Subpart I.
17.2
Common Types of Personal Protective Equipment
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17.3
Eye and Face Protection - ex. safety glasses with side shields, goggles, face shields,
welding spectacles.
Head Protection - ex. hard hats, bump caps.
Hand Protection - ex. gloves (latex, cotton, leather, chemical resistant), forearm cuffs.
Foot Protection - ex. leather boots, rubber boots, steeled-toed shoes.
Hearing Protection - ex. earplugs, canal caps, muffs (refer to hearing conservation
section for additional information).
Respiratory Protection -ex. half face, full face, self-contained breathing apparatus,
powered air purifying respirator (refer to respiratory protection section for additional
information).
Job Hazard Assessment
A job hazard assessment (JHA) is performed to analyze all job functions and duties that may
have safety hazards that require control measures to be implemented. When exposures cannot
be eliminated, the Board of Education shall issue proper personal protective equipment to
adequately protect the employee. The job hazard assessment will be reviewed on an annual
basis to note any changes in exposure and protection.
As an example, the district’s Right to Know Survey serves as a tool to be used in determining
what PPE would be necessary for a potential exposure to a particular hazardous substance
found in the workplace. By reviewing the MSDS & HSFS, the proper PPE can be selected.
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17.4 Training Requirements
17.4.1 All employees will receive training and instruction in the nature of existing hazards
pertinent to their job classification.
17.4.2 Training shall include a review of the hazards and when personal protective equipment
is necessary.
17.4.3 Employees shall be trained in the proper use, selection, care and limitations of
personal protective equipment they may be required to use.
17.4.4 Training shall include proper fit and removal of PPE and when it must be replaced.
17.5
Employee’s Responsibilities
17.5.1 Employees are required to use the proper personal protective equipment when
situations warrant.
17.5.2 The personal protective equipment shall be matched to the type and degree of hazard
present or expected.
17.5.3 Employees are required to keep personal protective equipment clean and in good
condition. Any broken or defective personal protective equipment should be
immediately reported to your supervisor.
17.5.4 Do not use broken or defective personal protective equipment for any reason.
17.6
Recommended Practices
17.6.1 Eye/Face Protection
Eye and/or face protection must be worn when there are known to be, or there is a potential
for, eye hazards in the workplace. Tasks that may require the use of eye and face protection
include, but are not limited to:
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Chemical handling
Welding/cutting
Chipping/grinding
Sawing and sanding
Dusty conditions
Use of hand and power tools
Spraying of paints and chemical materials
Any other activity that may exposed the employee to airborne particles.
17.6.1.1 All eye protection devices must meet ANSI Standard Z87.1-1989. Regular
eyeglasses and sunglasses are not approved eye protection.
17.6.1.2 Safety glasses must be equipped with approved side shields for side impact
protection.
17.6.1.3 Goggles must be worn for chemical splash protection.
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17.6.1.4 Face shields should be provided and utilized as additional protection when safety
glasses or safety goggles alone are insufficient. Face shields alone are not
considered adequate face and/or eye protection.
17.6.1.5 Approved shaded eye protection shall be used for all brazing, cutting and welding
activities.
17.6.1.6 Eye and face protection shall be inspected prior and after each use by the employee
to ensure that the equipment is not damaged. The inspection should include
identifying cracked or scratched lens, discoloration, loose hinges, distortion and
broken straps.
17.6.1.7 Eye and face protection should be cleaned after each use and properly stored to
minimize potential for damage. Protective eyewear should be first rinsed with
clean water to remove any particles that may scratch the lens. A soft cloth should
then be used to wipe the equipment clean.
17.6.1.8 When possible, the equipment should be stored in a protective bag or box and kept
away from high heat and sunlight.
17.6.2 Head Protection
17.6.2.1 Head protection is required whenever a known or potential overhead hazard exists.
17.6.2.2 Areas with overhead hazards may include, but are not limited to:
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Working below ladders of scaffolding
Tree trimming
Construction sites
Working near electrical lines
Working in confined areas or locations with low overhead environments
17.6.2.3 All head protection must meet ANSI Standard Z89.1.
17.6.2.4 The type of head protection should be matched to the exposures which may include
the need for voltage protection.
17.6.2.5 Hardhats must be worn with the internal suspension system and properly adjusted to
provide a secure fit for the wearer.
17.6.2.6 Hardhats should not be altered in any way, which may affect their impact or
electrical rating protection. Alterations that could affect the integrity of the helmet
include painting or application of chemical materials, drilling or punching of holes
and removal or alteration of any portion of the suspension system.
17.6.2.7 Hardhats must be inspected by the employee before and after each use to ensure that
the helmet is not damaged in any way. The inspection should include checking for
cracks, scratches, holes, deformations, chemical contamination and damaged
suspension systems.
17.6.2.8 Hardhats should not be left in direct sunlight as this can deteriorate the outer shell
and eliminate its protective features.
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17.6.3 Hand Protection
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A variety of gloves are available to provide specific types of hand protection. The
type of gloves should always be matched to the potential exposures.
Choose cut resistant gloves when there is the potential for lacerations or puncture
injuries.
Latex or vinyl gloves should be used for cleaning up blood and bodily fluid spills.
Chemical resistant gloves should be used when handling any type of chemical
products.
Always read the manufacturer’s warning label or the Material Safety Data Sheet in
order to properly match the type of chemical resistant glove to the chemicals being
handled.
17.6.3.1 Hazards requiring hand protection include, but are not limited to, the following:
• Harmful substances that can be absorbed into the skin
• Materials or processes that could cause severe cuts, lacerations, abrasions or punctures
• Chemicals that could irritate the skin or enter the blood stream
• Temperature extremes
• Irritating substances that could result in dermatitis
17.6.3.2 No type of glove can protect you against all hazards, so gloves must be selected for
a particular job. Glove selection should be based on the hazard present, how long
you are exposed to the hazard and the dexterity needed to perform the specific task.
17.6.3.3 When handling chemicals, it is imperative to know the type of chemical you are
being exposed to. Always refer to warning label information or Material Safety
Data Sheets in order to verify the type of protection needed. Gloves should be
chosen that have the necessary properties to withstand exposures to the chemicals
that are being handled.
17.6.3.4 Gloves should be inspected before and after each use. Items to check for include
cracks and holes, especially at the fingertips and between the fingers.
17.6.3.5 Always replace worn or damaged gloves promptly.
17.6.3.6 Gloves should be kept clean and dry to minimize deterioration.
17.6.3.7 Gloves should fit properly. A small glove can tear and a larger glove can
be difficult to work with.
17.6.3.8 Cover all cuts before putting gloves on, especially when handling chemicals.
17.6.3.9 When wearing gloves, wash hands often to minimize build-up of dirt and sweat.
This will help to lessen the chance of a skin irritation.
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17.6.4 Foot Protection
Proper footwear helps protect your feet against:
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Injuries from objects falling on to or rolling over the feet
Injuries from objects that could pierce the sole of a shoe or boot
Exposure to electrical hazards
Chemical and solvents
Temperature extremes
Fungal infections caused by wetness
17.6.4.1 Basic safety shoes or boots are designed to protect your feet against impact,
compression and/or puncture.
17.6.4.2 The most important element in a good safety boot or shoe is how well it fits you.
The best fit will be the length of the longer foot and the width of the wider one.
Shoes or boots should be selected at the end of the day when feet are a bit swollen.
17.6.4.3 All protective footwear should comply with ANSI Standard Z41.
17.6.4.4 Safety shoes and boots should be kept fully laced and tied at all times. This will
help to minimize slip and fall hazards and will provide firm ankle support.
17.6.4.5 Safety shoes and boots should be inspected on a daily basis to note any deterioration
or dirt and grease build-up.
17.6.5 Hearing Conservation
Note: See Hearing Conservation Section 10.0
17.6.6 Respiratory Protection
Note: See Respiratory Protection Section 19.0
PREVENTING CHEMICAL EXPOSURE:
Whenever the degree of the hazard is unknown and/or cannot be determined, you must take the highest
level of protection.
1. Consult the appropriate MSDS for the product in use.
2. From the “Ingredients” section, determine the most predominant ingredient.
3. Consult page #3 of the HSFS for the ingredient to determine the proper personal protective
equipment to be worn to minimize the potential of an overexposure to the chemical.
5
Section 18.0-Playground Safety
Rev. 3/07
PLAYGROUND SAFETY
18.1 Scope and Purpose
The Board of Education is committed to providing a safe play environment for our students.
The following guidelines have been developed to assist district employees with recognizing
and correcting associated playground hazards that could lead to injury.
Reference: Consumer Product Safety Commission Handbook for Public Playground Safety
New Jersey Playground Safety Subcode
ASTM F1487-95 Safety Performance for Playground Equipment for Public Use
ASTM F1292 Specification for Impact Attenuating Surfacing
18.2 Injury Trends
Each year, approximately 150,000 children are injured on public playgrounds. Of these
injuries, approximately 32% involve falls from climbers, 29% involve use of slides and 25%
involve use of swings.
18.3 New Equipment Purchase Considerations
When planning the purchase of new playground equipment, it is important to thoroughly
investigate the type of equipment, the associated hazards and the proper installation. You
may wish to consider input from a variety of sources including principals, administrators,
physical education teachers, other school districts, manufacturer’s representatives, parents and
the safety coordinator.
The following are general guidelines which should be considered prior to making an
equipment purchase:
18.3.1 Purchase only commercial grade equipment designed for public playground use. All
equipment must meet current ASTM Standards and CPSC guidelines as of
October 18, 2007 or be upgraded or removed from service.
18.3.2 Deal with reputable suppliers and equipment designers. Ask for references.
18.3.3 Insist on ASTM Certifications. All equipment designed for public playground use and
meeting ASTM design standards will carry the ASTM F1487-95 Certification. If the
manufacturer cannot provide this certification, find another manufacturer.
18.3.4 Carefully check all warranties to ensure that they provide adequate protection.
Compare warranties for similar equipment from different manufacturers.
18.3.5 Ensure the equipment under consideration is age appropriate for the children that will
be using the playground.
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18.3.6 Assess the ability to maintain the equipment and to obtain replacement parts in the
future. A discounted piece of equipment is not a bargain if replacement parts will not
be available a few years down the road
18.3.7 Give serious consideration to installation, whether it is to be performed by
manufacturer’s representatives or by district personnel. Detailed installation and
maintenance instructions should be provided by the manufacturer.
18.4 Forbidden Equipment
The Consumer Product Safety Commission has recommended that the following types of
equipment be eliminated from public playgrounds due to the increased potential for injury:
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metal animal swings
trapeze bars
gymnastic rings (not to be confused with shorter rings common on playground
equipment)
trampolines
rope swings (“Tarzan Swings”)
multiple occupancy swings
any “non-playground” equipment that would encourage climbing or other
interaction that may cause injury.
18.5 Site Considerations
Many factors must be taken into account when planning a new or expanded playground
location. The following guidelines should be assessed during the planning stages.
18.5.1 Nearby Hazards
Hazards such as streams, lakes, roads, parking lots, railroad tracks and athletic fields
pose unusual hazards to children using a playground. Playgrounds should be located
as far from these hazards as practical. If the playground cannot be located a safe
distance from a specific hazard, the use of some form of protective barrier such as
a fence should be utilized.
18.5.2 Ground Conditions
The physical properties of the ground where the playground is to be located are a
prime consideration. The slope of the ground, drainage consideration, rocks and
roots all can cause future problems and should be properly addressed.
18.5.3 Natural Hazards
The location of the playground within proximity to wooded areas or prime feeding
areas for animals, can create a natural hazard. Exposure to insect infestation,
poisonous or irritating foliage and exposure to geese and duck droppings can be
hazardous.
2
18.5.4 Equipment Location
It is important to provide adequate space around all of the equipment to maintain the
necessary use zone criteria. You should not attempt to squeeze equipment into a
space that is inadequate in size or creates proximate hazards to other equipment. It is
also important to maintain sight lines as clear as possible for adequate supervision.
18.6 Surfacing Considerations
The most important aspect with any playground is the installation of proper fall zone
surfacing around the equipment. The majority of playground injuries are as a result of falls,
making material selection and installation the most critical component to reducing the
potential of injury. As of October 18, 2004, New Jersey requires that all fall zones meet the
CPSC guidelines for proper materials, depth and distance.
18.6.1 Types of Surfacing Material
Only approved playground surfacing materials are permitted to be used on
playgrounds. This may include loose organic materials, such as wood chips, bark
mulch and wood fiber mulch. Loose inorganic materials such as sand and pea gravel
are permitted. Grass and dirt are not acceptable fall zone materials.
The use of synthetic materials such as chopped rubber or solid rubber are permitted
as long as the manufacturer can provide the necessary ASTM F1292 Certification.
18.6.2 ADA Considerations
When the need for addressing wheelchair accessibility to equipment is a
consideration, only certain types of material would qualify. Presently, solid unitary
fill and engineered wood fibers meet the requirements for wheelchair
accessibility.
18.6.3 Depth and Distance of Use Zones
The depth of the material and distance from the equipment will be determined by the
type of equipment and height of the equipment. Refer to the Consumer Products
Safety Commission Handbook for Public Playground Safety for information
concerning proper installation of the selected use zone material.
18.7 General Safety Hazards
When performing an inspection of a playground, close attention should be paid to the
following potential hazards:
•
•
•
•
sharp edges, corners and angles
protrusions
pinch/crush/shear points
entanglement hazards
3
•
•
•
head entrapment hazards
tripping hazards
fall hazards from equipment
18.8 Inspections
It is important that inspections be conducted on a regular basis to identify and correct
potential hazards to the facility and equipment. The following is the recommended schedule
for the types of playground inspections.
18.8.1 Visual Check
A visual check of each playground facility should be done on a daily basis. This is
typically performed by a custodian in order to identify obvious hazards such as
damaged equipment or debris on the playground.
18.8.2 Check List Inspection
A check list inspection should be performed on a monthly basis in order to document
obvious hazards to the playground site and equipment. Deficiencies can then be
addressed and prioritized for corrective action.
18.8.3 Audits
The audit is the most extensive inspection performed on a playground. It is
recommended that audits be performed on at least an annual basis to investigate the
condition of every piece of equipment, as well as use zones and site considerations.
The audits are used to identify hazards and help plan future capital projects.
18.9 Supervision
•
Adult supervision on a playground is key to minimizing the potential for injury to
children, especially due to unsafe behavior and inappropriate use of equipment. It is
recommended that staff members responsible for playground supervision receive training
in recognizing specific hazards on a playground.
•
It is recommended that at least one adult for every fifteen school-aged children be
assigned to help supervise playground activities.
•
When more than one adult supervisor is present, they should be stationed as far as
possible from each other to provide maximum coverage of the playground facilities.
•
When supervising a playground, staff members should not participate in any other
activities, which would hinder their ability to properly monitor the children. This includes
reading, grading papers, in-depth conversations, etc.
4
Section 19.0-Respiratory Protection
Rev. 3/07
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION
19.1 Scope and Purpose
Proper selection and fit of a respirator is critical to obtain protection from harmful dusts, mists,
fumes and vapors. The Board of Education has developed this section to provide guidance in the
selection, use and care of respiratory protection equipment. Any employee that is mandated to wear
a respirator will be included in the district Respiratory Protection Program If applicable).
Reference: OSHA 29 CFR 1910.134
19.2 Definitions
19.2.1 Dusts – Solid particles produced by processes such as grinding, crushing and mixing.
19.2.2 Fumes – Tiny metallic particles given off when metals are heated in processes such as
soldering, welding and brazing.
19.2.3 IDLH – Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health means an atmosphere that poses an
immediate threat to life, would cause irreversible adverse health effects or would impair an
individual’s ability to escape from a dangerous atmosphere.
19.2.4 Mists – Tiny liquid droplets given off whenever a liquid is sprayed, vigorously mixed or
otherwise agitated such as acid mists generated while metal cleaning and oil mists during
pump lubrication.
19.2.5 Oxygen- deficient – An atmosphere with an oxygen content below 19.5% by volume.
19.2.6 PLHCP – Physician or other Licensed Healthcare Professional means an individual whose
legally permitted scope of practice through licensing, registration or certification allows him
or her to independently provide or be delegated the responsibility to provide some or all of
the healthcare services required under the Respiratory Protection Standard.
19.3 Elements of an Effective Respiratory Protection Program:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Employer hazard assessment
Attempted engineering controls
Issuance of adequate respirators
Written compliance program
Medical evaluations
Training
Fit testing
1
19.4 Types of Respirators
19.4.1 Air Purifying – A respirator with an air purifying filter, cartridge or canister that removes
specific air contaminates by passing ambient air through the air purifying element. May be
half-face or full-face type.
19.4.2 Atmosphere Supplying
19.4.2.1 Airline Respirator – Breathing air is sent from an outside source by a hose or
airline to a mask or hood.
19.4.2.2 SCBA – Self Contained Breathing Apparatus means an atmosphere supplying
respirator for which the breathing air source is designed to be carried by the
user.
Note: Voluntary use of disposable dust masks for general nuisance dust exposures do not fall under
the regulatory requirements for respiratory protection.
19.5 Respirator Selection
•
•
•
Evaluate the work area and hazards
Select a respirator based on what best meets the anticipated hazards
Never substitute a respirator hoping it will be adequate
19.6 Physical Limitations
•
•
•
•
Wearing a respirator can be physically burdensome on an employee, depending on
the type of respirator, workplace conditions and employee medical status.
All employees must be medically evaluated to determine their ability to use a
respirator.
The evaluation must be conducted by a physician or other licensed healthcare
professional (PLHCP).
Conditions that could limit an employee’s ability to obtain a proper fit of a
respirator include:
-Face shape
-Facial hair
-Sideburns
-Facial scars or deformities
-Dentures
-Glasses
19.7 Fit Testing
19.7.1 Respirators rely on a face to mask seal to be effective. Nothing should interfere with this
seal.
19.7.2 Facial hair that interferes with a respirator seal is prohibited. This includes a few day’s
growth of beard.
2
19.7.3 Employees that must wear corrective lens may need to obtain a special respirator that can
accept glasses mounted on the inside.
19.7.4 Fit testing must be performed before initial assignment and at least annually.
19.7.5 Qualitative fit testing uses a challenge agent to determine fit by requiring an employee to
detect the presence of the agent.
19.7.6 Acceptable fit test agents include banana oil (isoamyl acetate), irritant fume (stannic
chloride), saccharin and Bitrex.
19.7.7 Quantitative fit testing uses special equipment to measure the actual amount of challenge
agent inside and outside of the face piece.
19.8 Donning Respirators
•
•
•
•
•
•
Pullout the headband straps to the end of the buckles
Grip face piece between the thumb and fingers
Insert your chin into the lower portion of the face piece
Pull the headbands back over the head
Adjust the headbands for a tight fit
Check the seal by performing a positive and negative pressure test
19.9 Respirator Maintenance
19.9.1 Always inspect respirators prior to each use. You should check for:
-Holes in the filters
-Loss of elasticity or tears in the straps
-Broken or loose connectors and fittings
-Cracked or scratched face pieces
-Residue
-Dirt in valves
19.9.2 Cleaning
•
•
•
Respirators should be cleaned after each use according to the manufacturer’s
directions.
While methods will vary, approved cleaners or mild soap and water are usually
acceptable.
Air dry respirators before storing
3
19.9.3 Storage
•
•
•
Store respirators properly to protect from dust, sunlight, excess heat and cold,
moisture and chemicals.
Seal respirators in an individual plastic bag.
Place in an area where it will not be subject to impact or damage.
19.10 Voluntary Use of Respirators
When respirator use is voluntary, a limited Respiratory Protection Program can be implemented.
This requires the employer to ensure respirator use will not create a hazard, ensure that the
employee is medically able to wear a respirator and provide limited information contained in
Appendix D of OSHA 29CFR 1910.134. Voluntary use of dust masks is excluded from the
requirements of this standard.
4
SECTION 20.0- SAFE LIFTING
Rev. 3/07
SAFE LIFTING AND BACK SAFETY
20.1
Scope and Purpose
The Board of Education recognizes that lifting properly is essential in maintaining a
healthy back. These guidelines are intended to provide employees with the knowledge to
protect against injuries resulting from improper lifting.
20.2
Proper Lifting Procedures
Employees must recognize their own limitations when attempting to lift an object.
Always use assistance lifting devices or obtain help if you cannot safely lift an object that
must be moved. When lifting, follow the procedures listed here:
1.
Always warm up before lifting, by performing stretching exercises to loosen the
back and leg muscles;
2.
Plan your route of travel. Ensure that all aisles and paths of travel are clear and
free of obstructions. Plan the route of travel to be as direct as possible;
3.
Assess the object to be lifted to determine its weight and whether it can be safely
handled. Slightly lift the edge of the object or push on it slightly to get a feel for
the weight;
4.
Ensure you have a firm footing before lifting. Shoes should give you good
balance and traction;
5.
Position your body properly. Stand close to the object with your feet
approximately shoulder length apart;
6.
Keep your back straight and shoulders square;
7.
Bend at your knees, not your waist;
8.
Grasp the load as close to your body as possible. Pull the load into your chest, do
not lift above your shoulders as this places additional strain on your back, neck
and shoulder muscles;
9.
Grip the object with your whole hand, not your finger tips, to avoid slippage;
1
20.3
20.4
10.
Exhale as you lift to increase abdominal pressure, which provides additional
muscle support;
11.
When turning, pivot with your feet and hips, not your back.
Safety Considerations
•
Do Not attempt to lift more than you are capable of handling. Recognize your
limitations. Obtain assistance from a co-worker or use mechanical assistance devices
such as forklifts, pallet jacks, hand trucks, rolling carts, etc.
•
When stocking items place heavier and more frequently used items on lower shelves,
towards the front of a storage area. Lighter items should be placed higher and
towards the back. Try to avoid stocking items above shoulder level to minimize overreaching.
•
If necessary, use a stepladder to reach items that are above shoulder level. Ensure
that the ladder is properly positioned, to minimize fall potential.
•
Always use the necessary personal protective equipment, when needed.
•
Back supports do not allow you to lift more weight. These devices are a
supplemental piece of protective equipment, designed to remind you to lift properly.
They should only be tightened during the lifting process. Only approved flexible
supports should be used. Back supports must fit properly and use should be
voluntary.
•
When moving an object that cannot be lifted, always choose to push rather than pull
the object. This will reduce the strain on the back and shoulder muscles.
Maintaining a Healthy Back
The following suggestions are designed to assist you in maintaining a healthy back and
avoid injury:
•
•
•
•
•
Maintain your proper body weight. Every extra ten (10) pounds of weight in the
abdomen exerts over 100 pounds of pressure on the lower back.
Perform exercises that help to strengthen your lower back and abdomen.
Stretch frequently to keep muscles loose.
Maintain proper body posture while sitting and standing.
Sleep in a position that is “back-friendly”. The preferable positions are on your side
with your knees slightly bent towards your chest or on your back with a small pillow
or rolled towel under your knees to maintain the natural curve of your spine.
Sleeping on your stomach causes the spine to bend out of the natural “S∀ curvature,
increasing pressure.
2
Section 21.0-Safety Committee
Development
Rev. 3/07
SAFETY COMMITTEE DEVELOPMENT
21.1 Scope and Purpose
The Board of Education recognizes the value of a Safety Committee in helping to reduce the
frequency and severity of work place injuries. These guidelines are provided to assist in the
development and success of the Safety Committee
Reference: New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services – Guide to Effective Joint
Labor/Management Safety and Health Committees
21.2 General Functions
While tasks and functions of the Safety Committee will vary, the following is a list of
functions that Safety Committee members may be involved in:
•
Identification and investigation of potential workplace hazards
•
Assisting with the reduction or elimination of hazards
•
Developing and administering safety and training programs
•
Effectively communicating safety to employees
•
Recommending new or modified safety policies
•
Investigating workplace accidents
21.3 Benefits of a Safety Committee
•
Provide a forum for problem solving
•
Provide focus and direction in district safety efforts
•
Provide administrators and supervisors a resource to help solve safety problems
•
Directly involve more people in the safety and health management of the district
•
Help to open lines of communication with people who may not have worked together in
the past
•
Help to provide a quick, responsive action to safety and health issues
1
21.4 Common Pitfalls
Safety Committees fail for a variety of reasons. Review the following list of
common pitfalls that affect Safety Committees and do your best to avoid them.
ƒ
Unclear or poorly defined Safety Committee goals
ƒ
Lack of clearly stated mission for the Safety Committee
ƒ
Inattentiveness to employee feedback
ƒ
Becoming overwhelmed by the number of problems uncovered by the committee
ƒ
Getting side tracked by complainers
ƒ
Failure to provide adequate training and guidance to the Safety Committee to allow
them to complete their work
ƒ
Management sending double messages about safety rules
ƒ
Reacting to the problems rather than working to improve the system that creates the
problems
ƒ
Lack of an atmosphere conductive to employee safety
ƒ
Failure to follow through on recommended corrections or employee suggestions
ƒ
Expectation of immediate results
ƒ
Basing safety decisions solely on costs
ƒ
Gathering data for judgmental rather than informational purposes
ƒ
Failure to establish a long range plan for improving the safety process
21.5 Setting-up the Committee
It is important to decide what will be the primary focus of the Safety Committee. By
establishing key objectives, you can begin to structure the committee to best focus on these
goals. The following are key areas to address when developing a Safety Committee:
•
Define the objectives, purpose and authority of the Safety Committee. This may mean
that the Safety Committee has just advisory powers or may have decision making powers.
2
•
Select Members – Members will be selected on the basis of the type of Safety Committee,
the anticipated size and the number of departments to be represented. Attempt to have
representatives from each major department within the district. Selection should be
voluntary to help ensure the success of the committee.
•
The selected members should choose a chairperson, and possibly a vice-chairperson and
secretary.
•
Develop a brief mission statement detailing the purpose, values, standards and strategy of
the Safety Committee.
•
Set a meeting calendar for the year to highlight the importance of properly scheduling
attendance at these meetings.
•
Develop an agenda for the next meeting. Remember to be realistic in the early stages of
the Safety Committee.
•
Assign responsibilities for any subcommittees, minutes and information distribution.
21.6 Lines of Communication
Failure to communicate with all levels of an organization is one of the primary reasons for
failure of Safety Committees. It is important that the Safety Committee effectively
communicate between each of the members, as well as the general work force and
administration. The following guidelines will help to ensure proper lines of communication:
Involve all levels of administration and departments
Effectively communicate the purpose and goals of the Safety Committee
Distribute minutes of meetings in a timely fashion to employees. This can be
accomplished through personal mailboxes, paychecks or posting on employee bulletin
boards.
Regularly detail the accomplishments of the Safety Committee
Develop a system for feedback by employees such as suggestion boxes, or feedback
forums with designated committee members.
21.7 Sample Safety Committee Meeting Topics
Initially the Safety Committee will be overwhelmed with suggestions on activities and goals.
This may be as simplistic as performing workplace hazard inspections to updating necessary
training.
Committee members must continually strive to introduce new and effective means
of improving safety in the district. Consider all suggestions, and then prioritize meeting
topics by what will have the most positive impact.
3
The following are suggestions for further
meeting topics:
Accident investigation procedures
Bloodborne pathogens safety
Bullying prevention
Chemical safety
Confined space entry safety
Compressed gas safety
Driving safety
Eye protection safety
First-aid
Foot protection safety
Forklift safety
Hand protection safety
Hearing safety
Lab safety
Ladder safety
Lifting safety
Lockout/Tagout
Machine guarding
Personal protective equipment
Respiratory protection
Right-to-Know (Hazard Communication)
Safety awareness and promotion
School bus safety
Shop safety
Tool safety
Violence prevention
Welding safety
Workplace inspection procedures
21.8 Positive Reinforcement
It has been proven that employees will respond to safety through positive reinforcement
rather than negative statements of threats. The Safety Committee should take a strong
position by re-enforcing safety throughout the district. This may include the use of the
following:
•
•
•
•
•
Safety posters
Safety newsletters
Safety messages on bulletin boards
Safety incentive programs
Safety contests
4
Involving employees in the entire safety process will give them the sense of being part of a
team. The Safety Committee should make every effort to involve employees on every level,
as much as possible. This will help to develop a true safety culture within the district.
As members of a Safety Committee, remember you must be patient. A solid and productive
Safety Committee is built over time, piece by piece. If you need assistance, contact the JIF
Safety Coordinator. GOOD LUCK!
5
Section 22.0-Shop Safety
Rev. 3/07
SHOP SAFETY
22.1 Scope and Purpose
The Board of Education recognizes the hazards present in vocational and maintenance shops and
has developed this section to assist in providing a safe and healthy vocational education program.
Reference: NJSA 18A:4-15 Chapter 53 Vocational Education Safety and Health Standards
OSHA 29 CFR 1910.211 Machinery and Machine Guarding
OSHA 29 CFR 1910.132 Personal Protective Equipment
22.2 Definitions
Combustible Liquid – Any liquid having a flash point at or above 100 degrees Fahrenheit (37.8
degrees Centigrade).
Flammable Liquid - Any liquid having a flash point below 100 degrees Fahrenheit (37.8 degrees
Centigrade).
Hazardous Substance – Any substance or substance contained in a mixture, included on the
workplace Hazardous Substance List developed by the New Jersey Department of Health.
Point of Operation – The point at which cutting, shaping, boring or forming is accomplished upon
the stock.
Push Stick – A narrow strip of wood or other soft material with a notch cut into one end and which
is used to push short pieces of material through saws.
22.3 General Shop Safety
22.3.1 A first-aid kit should be provided in each vocational shop. This should include latex or
vinyl gloves for protection against blood exposure.
22.3.2 A continuous flow eyewash unit capable of providing a minimum of 15 minutes of water
flow should be provided and tested weekly.
22.3.3 A safety shower should be provided if hazardous chemicals are being used and there is the
potential for significant bodily contact. Showers should be tested weekly.
22.3.4 Fire extinguishers of the correct size and type for the hazards should be located in an
accessible location and surfaced in accordance with school policy and local fire codes.
22.3.5 All flammable and combustible liquids should be stored in approved containers and
cabinets.
22.3.6 Keep all flammable and combustible liquid containers tightly capped when not in use.
22.3.7 Work areas should be kept clean and free of excess dust and debris to minimize fire
hazards.
1
22.3.8 Proper ventilation should be used when working with chemicals, paints, finishes or when
performing spraying or welding.
22.3.9 Never attempt to change blades or tools or unjam equipment without de-energizing the
machinery first, following approved Lockout/Tagout procedures.
22.3.10 Ensure all emergency stop buttons are working properly in order to cut off electrical
supplies to the powered machinery.
22.4 Personal Protective Equipment
22.4.1 Signs requiring the use of protective eyewear should be prominently posted around
equipment.
22.4.2 Approved safety glasses or safety goggles must be worn at all times when there is a risk of
flying particles or exposure to harmful dust, fumes, mists, vapors, liquids or gases.
22.4.3 Prescription eyeglasses or sunglasses are not a substitute for protective eyewear unless
fitted with ANSI approved safety lens and side shields.
22.4.4 Additional personal protective equipment must be utilized as hazards dictate including
gloves, dust masks, safety shoes and hearing protection.
22.5 Machinery Safety
22.5.1 Remove all rings, bracelets and other loose jewelry prior to operating equipment. Secure
long hair and loose clothing which may become entangled in moving parts.
22.5.2 All power machinery must be installed and maintained to be free of excessive vibration.
22.5.3 All machinery should be equipped with an electrical power control to allow operators to cut
off the power without leaving the operator position.
22.5.4 Machinery should be properly maintained to ensure that they remain in good working
condition.
22.5.5 Machinery should be routinely inspected for damage or deficiencies that may cause injury.
22.5.6 Power cords should be of the correct size and equipped with approved ground plugs, where
necessary, to protect the operator.
22.5.7 Frayed or damaged power cords should be repaired before using the machinery.
22.5.8 Power cords should be arranged so as to avoid a trip hazard.
22.5.9 All exposed machinery points of operation must be equipped with an approved guarding
mechanism. Never by-pass a guard or other safety device.
2
22.5.10 All other exposed pinch points and rotating parts that could cause injury to the operator or
others should be appropriately guarded. Covers should be in place.
22.5.11 All motors, belts, pulleys, gears and shafts should be guarded.
22.5.12 Push sticks should be used when cutting smaller pieces of material to minimize operator
exposure to the point of operation.
22.5.13 High visibility paint, tape or stickers should be installed around the equipment use zone to
properly warn bystanders.
22.5.14 Never use a piece of equipment for anything other than its intended use.
22.5.15 Never use a piece of equipment unless properly trained and authorized.
22.5.16 Never leave students unattended around machinery for any reason. Shops must be secured
and locked at all times when a teacher is not present. Power to the equipment must be shut
down and secured when not in use.
22.6 Tire Service Precautions
22.6.01
22.6.02
22.6.03
22.6.04
22.6.05
22.6.06
22.7
Replace the tire valve every time the tire is removed from the wheel.
Never change a “split rim” wheel without prior supervisory approval and training.
Inspect for damaged tire beads & do not install a tire with a damaged bead.
Don’t forget to lubricate the tire bead with a soap solution prior to removal from the wheel.
Never inflate a tire exceeding the tire manufacturer’s pressure indicated on the tire.
Wear eye and hand protection during all operations.
Battery Charging
22.7.01 Always wear eye and skin protection during any task involving batteries.
22.7.02 Charge batteries in a well ventilated area.
22.7.03 Keep spark-producing equipment well away from batteries.
22.8
Hot Work
22.8.01
22.8.02
22.8.03
22.8.04
22.8.05
22.9
Ensure additional ventilation is operating before conducting welding/cutting operations.
Keep flammable & combustible material a safe distance away from these activities.
Have a portable fire extinguisher readily available.
Ensure that all cylinders are secured and tested periodically as required.
Always use appropriate eye and skin protection
Jacks, Hoists, Lifting Equipment
22.9.01
22.9.02
22.9.03
22.9.04
Become knowledgeable of the weight capacity of the equipment.
Inspect fastening devices before and after each use.
Never leave a load suspended and unattended.
Use lift locking devices at all times.
3
Section 23.0-Slip, Trip and Fall Safety
Rev. 3/07
SLIP, TRIP AND FALL SAFETY
23.1 Scope and Purpose
The Board of Education recognizes that slips and falls account for a significant number of
injuries each year. The following general guidelines are provided to assist employees in
recognizing hazardous conditions on district property. It is expected that all employees will
immediately report any substandard condition to their supervisor in order to minimize the
potential for injuries.
23.2 Accident Facts
Each year more than 14,000 Americans die as a result of falls either at home or on the job.
Slips, trips and falls account for approximately 19% of all job related lost time injuries.
*Reference – National Safety Council Accident Facts
23.3 Exterior Slip and Fall Precautions
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Routinely inspect parking lots and walkways for unlevel sections. Hazardous areas
should immediately be reported to administration and maintenance for repair.
Use caution tape and/or warning signs around unlevel areas until repairs can be
made.
Report any paths of travel, parking lot areas or steps that are not adequately
illuminated, if these areas are used at night.
Ensure timely removal of snow and ice on parking lots, steps and walkways.
Use sand or ice melting materials to provide some traction on slippery areas and to
facilitate melting, when possible. Pre-treat when possible.
Clear main entrances first and mandate that all employees and students enter
through these entrances during inclement weather.
Provide plastic bags at entrances for umbrellas and wet boots to avoid tracking
water in the halls.
Wear proper non-slip, flat soled footwear in poor weather conditions. If you must
wear dress shoes, change into your dress shoes once inside of the building.
Highlight curb areas and changes of elevation with high visibility paint, along paths
of travel.
23.4 Interior Slip and Fall Precautions
•
•
•
•
•
Ensure runners are placed at all entrances to minimize puddling of snow, ice and
rain during poor weather.
Ensure all runners are properly secure to minimize tripping hazards.
Place wet floor warning signs around entrance areas in poor weather.
Keep a mop and bucket near the main entrances during inclement weather.
Ensure there is adequate lighting along hallways and stairwells.
1
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Routinely inspect floor surfaces for tripping hazards. Report any unsafe conditions
immediately.
Routinely inspect handrails to ensure they are secured.
Install non-slip strips on step treads.
Use non-slip mats around wet areas, such as kitchen sinks, cooking areas and
serving lines.
Use warning signs after mopping or waxing floors.
Maintain good housekeeping throughout the work areas.
Keep electrical cords away from paths of travel. If necessary, use cord runners or
duct tape to minimize tripping hazards.
23.5 Fall Safety Precautions
•
•
•
•
•
•
Use only approved ladders or step stools for climbing.
Select the proper ladder for the task.
Never use a stepladder in the closed position.
Never use chairs, boxes or desks as a ladder.
Ensure any scaffolding over 10 feet high in equipped with proper guardrails and
mid-rails
Only trained and authorized personnel are permitted to use and set-up scaffolding.
2
Section 24.0-Welding & Cutting
Safety
Rev. 3/07
WELDING AND CUTTING SAFETY
24.1 Scope and Purpose
The Board of Education has developed these guidelines to provide basic precautions against
fire and employee injury while performing welding, cutting or brazing operations.
Reference: OSHA 29CFR 1910.252
NFPA 51B
ANSI Z49.1
24.2 Definitions
24.2.1 Welding - For the purposes of this section, welding is defined as any process using
high heat to join, cut, shear or loosen metal parts including oxy-acetylene, fuel
welding, resistance welding, electric arc welding, gas-metal arc welding and fluxcored arc welding.
24.3 General Safety Precautions
24.3.1 Cutting and welding should only be performed in approved areas.
24.3.2 Always ensure the welding area is fire safe. This includes removing all flammable
and combustible materials, where possible. Use spark-resistant covers for fixed
combustibles and combustible flooring
24.3.3 Clean-up all trash, debris, excess dust, etc. prior to welding. There should be no
combustible materials within 35 feet of the welding area.
24.3.4
Use only approved welding and cutting equipment.
24.3.5
Inspect all equipment, hoses and cylinders prior to use.
24.3.6
Never use damaged equipment. Remove damaged equipment from service and
report it to your supervisor immediately.
24.3.7
Always weld in well ventilated areas. Never weld in a confined space without
adequate ventilation.
24.3.8
Never weld or cut containers used to hold flammable or combustible materials or any
pressure vessels, unless properly cleaned and purged to eliminate all traces of
flammable or hazardous substances.
1
24.3.9
Make sure you have the adequate size and type of fire extinguishers necessary for the
hazards that are present.
24.3.10 Maintain a fire watch during welding and cutting operations and for at least 30
minutes after completing operations.
24.3.11 Only trained and authorized personnel are permitted to use welding and cutting
equipment.
24.4 Hazards Associated with Welding and Cutting
Welding and cutting operations pose significant risks including:
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
Fire and explosion
Toxic and irritating fumes
Non-ionizing radiation
High noise levels
Flying sparks and metal chips
Always select the proper personal protective equipment to minimize exposures.
24.5 Personal Protective Equipment Considerations
24.5.1
Always wear appropriate protective goggles for gas welding or oxygen cutting
operations.
24.5.2
All operators and attendants performing resistance welding and electric art welding
must wear protective goggles and face shields with the appropriate lens shade factor
(#10 or darker).
24.5.3
Flame-resistant gloves should be used to protect hands.
24.5.4
When necessary, flame resistant aprons should be used to protect against sparks and
flying material.
24.5.5
High top safety shoes should be used when heavy welding or cutting is expected.
24.5.6
Keep outer clothing reasonably free of oil and grease.
24.5.7
Sleeves and collars should be kept buttoned to protect the arms and torso.
24.5.8
Pants should not have cuffs turned upward and overalls should have no front pockets.
2
24.6 Equipment Safety
24.6.1
Never strike an arc in the presence of persons whose eyes are not shielded.
24.6.2
Ensure electric arc welders are properly grounded.
24.6.3
Inspect all hoses and fitting to ensure they are tight and in good condition. Hoses
should be free of grease, oil or other substances which could catch fire or could
deteriorate the hoses.
24.6.4 Ensure all compressed gas cylinders are properly secured from falling. Keep hoses
away from paths of travel.
24.6.5
Never move a compressed gas cylinder unless the valve is capped. Inspect all
cylinders for leaks prior to use.
24.6.6
Never use matches for lighting torches. Use only approved friction lighters or
stationary pilot flames.
24.6.7
Always store compressed gas cylinders secured in an upright position. Separate
oxidizers and flammables by at least 20 feet or by a noncombustible wall.
24.6.8
Never use an oxyacteylene torch without an approved flashback valve to prevent
explosion potential.
24.6.9
Always close cylinder valves when equipment is not in operation.
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