d - Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture

BIOENEROET1;C PATHWAYS AND
THEIR OPTtMLSAT1ON IN W H PONO eCQ6YSTeMS
nmrmcAnoN AND ~
U R A ~ W A ~ O
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POND BIGENERGETICS, DIGESTIVE ENZYMES AND
MICROFLORA IN FISH AND PRAWN UNDER
AQUACULTURE
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Thc SubPngoct on Aqu;rcuhrrm w u lu~ctwaod!q tk InJtpn Caurcrl d wwkwrl I;teJcu\ch utdEI
the ICAR-lBRBNARP(1I) Prllst EluK Rmm& Sub-Qhpct ur " P d bm=mq~~lcr.
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REPORT
PART 1
BIOENERGETIC PATH WAYS AND
THEIR OPTlMISATION IN FISH POND ECOSYSTEMS
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120
o ,
REPORT
PART 2
IDENTIFICATION AND CH ARACTERISATION OF
DIGESTIVE AND GUT MICROBIAL ENZYMES IN
BRACKISHWATER FISH AND PRAWN AND ENZYME
MEDIATED BIOCONVERSION OF FEED INGREDIENTS
Central Lwitutc of Rnckishwa~nAquaculture, M d n ,
-E
Of-
W
a
b
l
L
l
t
)01 fad rngredrntr wrlh- r
to ~lmwuamnZrn
2 Neu MtMd SQoamQlkeraacrrt (Modrl1WO),NtR
S m ,USA
S Bahebr Tap Femrnta (Bwcqsmmq MalcS KLF
b
SwrtorU
TOTAl
SAH(Tl0N
I
T
1
HEAD
FUNC)
RECEIVED
EXPENDflWRE
upro313U6
_
1
1
1
Pay P: A l b w n a
C
t
1
---lo
1
Rrrarrk
C-w@w
J I7
Few-
$2 u,
I
T
v
TOTAL
I
w
1
1
I
i
2 (JIO
I
62 67
Ammaunr cucmuon rot- in lhnnopr fix! utth dm hmttng &*ad prrrlctn wrm yw"h m qud maat
(CPW 2 5 ) . sqbcnn mcol (C'P $0 3%), fi& a h d (('P 3 4 ?*a), sqwllra mill (('P 44 1%). duunp hrd
mr=rrl (CP 33 Vb) atxi w n h r d c (CP 32 4 * ~ )p:tnYlrrf data m thctr
W r c r l Ikh
fimnutrted wtth thclrc ~xgyalrw~~
~ 8 t pnwm
h
10th r;upytng: fturrt 24 5% fir $4 6% whar ksmi ur rhruqm.
dualad
dqpst~bild)0fp4cuw # ~
front;
!J 4%
d
to 3 4 4% snd & c t d tlmnarflcr &J thr rosc
d [email protected], thc dump M JKmn drptthbt! of 87 1.. ~n,Yo 2'- utrrn Ihr drrror) uubdrtb.orcr was
mc;rtwd f m 18 2% to 3V 5'1r In Ihc curc of Ilpwll, thc d q p ~ t k l ~ rtncrriwd
b
f r m 70 8.6 ru W 1% M ilbE
lqrld h I w u ruocd ftan 4 43. to 19 1% d h o r l a JcL-muqp vud t k r c a b s
C ~ &mtk,rr
H
in & r h p
With thc obmlb~of ~
1 d ~ ~
~ . ~ l f $MI
1 l f RUC'I&~
? ~ ~
524 U
L
m I)#lt W ILIUW d
b a c q n # r for brocunb.rruun uf M mqralrcnts Md C d . rtwc gut murcdkrra d wlld a d capttrc tqpr
rhfunpr d drfftrcnt urc grwp ~ c r tt&d ThE bacrnul pqmkwrrrr, m thc g a d cnprns &rung
nsrpd from 20 u 10' to 16 x 10' ccrbn) fcmmg unm (ch)
pcr pun Ark ur ntlB rhrlnrp ~ulgdhm 7
b 17 r 10'cfu10 A t o l d d 3 3 b a a a d turhlcr frm c . l l p t ~ k r dump lLnd II WWJB
f r a *rldrkrrmp
wcllr okamai hfmnrl dwm ktwu bcbsgups b Ijmr)) V t b ~ n t s r a crcprrrrcnLod br bihrri~,A r m rad fw~bamnwrr
rrron: d k A gram p n t w buvctrrtum &w.tilursc sas aim t ~ u c d
f r m utld dwmp
~ ~ m r a n t h c ~ l t ) m c : r c t r dv 1@C r b p r i m r d b r o r n d d t h n t P f ~ p : p c r v d b s c z c k u b e d
mh#C cru)?VX UtvNitlca % W a taund & k XIJ%'C h t * $
d pmU\. fa. LUU& 8 d dUtlft
~ ~ c ~ x ~ y r c r ~ r r r ) w u C a r a d r o k ~ m f h c ~ ~ n u c r o k K l d c ~T&
~ l ~ v r
bPaau uldt dwcd paod).1~.,
l@)ZIT,
q l d > w . LJU1d)tu Yd al)u&w
arynrc~wtrr#ra~#larorlrrlajfrOmdw:~m~t*udu.uadfsntnvtmm~dANUOIIY)o
b y d a n a a a r n o a y u s ~ n g ~ s u b s t rkmw r t t f u * ~ h . ' 9 1 r c d ~ b a w h ~
h m m
Cadmiam
T)ls!mn.ht~uddrtob*kc~Ok7jmb~*~))0~1tUwhS2bJt8)1110dthC
dryDwuw apacah d I" m m d m tn
aC ckp.rnr: pdtka chlpnrrMrt* mbm of ikmb red
qwdmb d r m q draw, rulm Iru& mud thr rdc nl put r m c m u\ tts ntznt~nFood
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t a r % r t ~ ~ l ~ U d m ~ ~ p o r o m e c r m - r ~ ~ ~ l l t k t k
an ).fbR, fird sdalr W m s c t u r a n mJ krd mhcd qaen pnCbwc S t W ur
~ ~ d a l ~ p ~ ~ r p $ ~ # n r r ; l r m g ; d d i m d r n p o d a r n i r ~ t a r k c u
uwkortm,
hdn#awvLur.~rktt~rhlr,dfeorOIabc~
a-g~urcnrdasr Thr a ~ t \ t t \ rg ths mnnr uas mcuurud at pit h O and
C' us- mEkorc u drc
suhrotr Thc quantfi of g l w r h ~rckakd b\ thc ekias*
of nwhkrls b\ thr: cnnm WBI &ttmd
c x $ a m n a r ~ l t (436
~
nn~)h rmt#rg ~ u r hglwmc ozuhuc. p r r ~ d m cmd &.dronrswkrw: m~gnnltn tnr
buffcr (p)l 7 01 a(lyouart a $1rundad c u m aa per rh. pruclnkrrr ol bm'ttlMd
( 1974) Tbp
klcnl wtnit\ w a r c t p m d as mg gluctm rrW pcr rnlroutc prr yrm ciawc ud tbc fiirolr~frcaunt) or
ducw r c M per m w t r pcf mg polttn
CartK~~smcth\l
ccllulruc Thc ual for n r ; o ) u r m m oC xtv\it\ d ur)wnr\ mhpl rxllluhaE wau
pfarrod u l r q c&mx\ d
l dhrkrac (CMt') am thc ruhrttate pu p thr m
h
n
J dnrcnksd b) W a d
urd Bhsl (IQI11) T k h\druJ\us of thr wkrak or p!i 5 O (~cxcnrr:hffcr) d 1% lo g , k w c wm
maorunaj u k w u r ~ r d l \ 540 nm u a q Jrartlrdy~lnw d t a q p i The tdd oar\rq u eqx&
u
)r~1
glwmc r t h d fm {'MC per rnrnufr pltr gram trsw and the ylarfar octlrrt> ma ) r ~ gtwmc
/
mltOY3d
pcr muwtc: pcr
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Tkrtubrtr~usaltudcbQILhtu2rr.d?dCtn~punm&N~&aaeyS.L
(BT)E) n vlr buffer pH 7 1(Rd.IW4) u Succfil-dwwa iphcpbyl.lrrr
a n r 4 m u a i w J E ( S A P P N A ) m t n ~ b u f k r f l 4 I O ( W ~ c r a l IYW)
,
BTElE~"prlkrund(okrIwl;rMcfbr
tbJI &mrtr)pssrs ulhtlc SAPPNA #I r g p m p r e for r)mnrp r h s n d q p m Onc unit d (.IIU
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tqwwW6oarr:)rAQddpararwad&LbcMPrf.prmupstr
F a r a m p l o r ~ O I & ~ . u - l . b E k r a r r r b # c s n o c ~ u rknd b u r c m y m w h u ~ h
cbmamdmacrrrraur T b c C l f f K l d m c w W ~ n ) ~ ~ ~ d ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ n d l E
PImr*dnn-wr)W
n * ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ l f l ~ d ~ ~ r n k m p n * a u
drhertol"lsrbrrctnrt)docrr?scs~lq~AUMth
(Fq I ) A ~ h s t . ~ m p m ~ r r . o ~ i ~ o c u M e
upaohOm~utrsrurdbqwdawharrrhecnnmgmderrjturrd T h t c f T k a d b u f f r r p H e m d r c ~ r w i ~ d
u~~fran~~mncwk.m~taiaxnas~mnaP)~rrn(pcd4Olo8O
wdpharp&arktfictli E~-Juidmdbrerauhtrmrf#.slarW~thrnI%olrh.OdJrda*~t)
~ t k d
otpHkthrrsea50~7On.hikrkcpcol,motnrnoJMwffnp)ibIPkzh~aqkK)(WlOkSTftOll\w
u n l w d ~ . h K 1 b P l r ~ r t r t r t ~ # r p H d h Q~d~f l' ~ O ' ~ n r ~ IWl)
a r ! iTkeaubWata
r/
~ p s u f k Qaa-o*tuccrdaw
nm a d d u w $ mdtgc, F w l m . wd lrrttosc u outmtlrlc* Whrk
1 0 0 ? . r s c t r v ~ n ~ ~ ~ ~ n t d l m s ) k a c , d nucrrJubttodwhtkrom:rrmpk:rnr
? ~ ~ r l ~ a ~ l r ~
m a d a d w d IUCor ha<rur .r rortarwc S m h w t w r ~qrrsfrcrt? hos bum rqmmd ut aurc of
trJlpua%krcrwka
am-
-
-
In rbmm;pr dICdo6 ffam thc uqkl, thc ttcnd of a-EC)ua.mhca r \ l t ?
thc thmc wucs and
m q p r o r t d T)r mean Wrvttm hen 2 71 (t;uygr 1 75 4 20). 69 54 ( 5 5 3
in
-
t
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-
ltrou~
#udraJ
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ur#
98 63)
ud 393 (3 14- I I W i ) ~ ~ ~ ~ m r r a n rtrvrcdurandhcp~apsacrrwdwrld
r c h ,
shrunprofkss
Inthnmpofmarr Lhon -5gruae. Ihravmgcrclrvtt) \ ~ c t 4711,
r
802 Md 6 5 8 (raryir=r
1 3 5 73s. 4 2 4 145s rad 423 U 3 1 ) mg glwxwr;tn*
tww m t&: mmach. mtaltnc Md
-
-
EaymtrrctiviSyb&ionto~
P mrwKdwr (6-8s)of ~nkrmcn~lt
aqc urn: mu&
indrvwkrrlly m 5 lrmr d wrrlof h r v q duua
kwh of 5, IS, 25, 35 d 45 pp fbr 30 &?a h i n u b wwc fal lhrunp feed (40% p m ) pdk ai drc
rrte of 20% bajy w q h ! &rmg thts stud? Two shrunps fma h salur~tblcvctr wrmr ampid cm 0. 10,
20 ud 30th day and thc rtanach, trcrt~rw.and hcp~tqwrrwaucrc oollactcd hnd osuyad for a-unyluc
and total praccrsr:act1WQ
A m q the t!wcc tiuucs auayd mvr~mwnloul proreon: and a - q h r c actlv~tywas QblMYQd tn thC
~ r ~ a j w h E n ~ w . r t h r c o m o c h d r n a r t rThough
n u 15ppcMd2Spptlhoudh~
limb of mqmc actavttfr'thc munum oct~vtt)was otmmcd m 25 ppt tirrghn mlmrty ktzh of 35 p01 ad
43 ppt sbwcd m mark4 &cmw tn I)r mrvrt! kvcb Thc kmwrc d m u (~5 ppt) show4 r raducad tbtol
~.ai~c).cxmpMdtoI5pprud25ppbu!cxhrb#cdrhr@WaE"mvrtyw30,oanpuPdMth
45 ppt &Icb Pcamoch ~JXI
mtcmnc show4 a stmilor trcnd as thst of hqKI~tl~~crrar
(Fg3)
SLuwti#l88ditsCK1aa~lKtiVity
ThrrtymunkznofP n w w l o d o n r u b a d u l t s ( V O - 1 1 5 m i n 1 o r o l ~ M d S 7 t o1 0 t g m w o r g b t ) d
lnhwmauhrtrgrruwckeptnIndavlburip&~~~~@avcndunnibolunr
'IhcpW0fbrmerh~8kO2,
nindy2~-28ppt~ddwtanipenturcrsnr2?-2V"'CTa~uumnlsworrkcplascoal&whrClvnarrkd
pdhzed f k d T w sbmnp wl~1:I;CPI undrr stmatron Moat. of the mpcNncnlnl cllMnulr dmi krBora
the ad of the c x p m Thc uutrol i d of pmmw actrvtty { 1524 pMol tytoaWMUJ# tuura) Uto r
n#boadlevcSafMI ~ U d t ~ m M / g t r u w a k 2 0 Q l y r S
o uf n
~~lutnmdwm~~is
dr a-un)ltp#acbnt). (frola 1200 to 91 p M d makardmrJ# tusuc) Thw, the q w n m e d
m
gplanrldromdarcdudprotnr#!uda-unyluc~~tym:ra~v~~ductouunr&m
C u r n c r d (1980)
hwob#rvodFodrrcuon~ntht~ofpm~~oueuda~huc~~#.nulgPp~cw,w
wworuw-
Thle I : Proximate cornpinon (percentage) of selected f d ingrrdlcnts
l g E ~ d i o b w w l t M b o d w l o r u r r e ~ d ~ d r r r m p i ' r m n n m r w k lkrrArraua
wr
ddwg,uolodw#rhdLun L Q ~ m ~ . 1 3 r a r p i I 3 - S ~ 1 n w q # t t M d g r a r p t 1 1 1 0 - I Z ~ L "
Ovrldrrpldhkcght,~dla0iltrcc~,wrthw)uttr~taudtofne~lrt~c~oolkctw
&wr,wwcu#lfbrfbadrqsrtmk Indr(wrrcdl~rar~lradgroupIIrbarm(w
10wwmlsporuurlrrwdm
c u c d ~ I 1 1 r k r o n p 5 ~ p # r u r l r r u w r ! w a d m I h t c y s c n # r o n ( Tt h o r c ~ n ~ , ~ l i
adraatmPlY l b r i w m g ~ f F l j u w t h f ~ ~ ( d a c t a t h c ~ t r o f t 0 3 e d r r r
daily C d l o a K l n d ~ m t c o a w n o a d * f i r s d o ~ . r & ~ t h C ~ l t ~ d t !hs hCm~p~~ b l r ~
fUrnthcmonuq~uwldrc~m;ocsr&cinuramnd
Abcr thnxharn.thCf~wwccdlcrctcddUy
awr, a krltuqB cloth, as hod wqth drSltlkd warn to romnr: a d k r ~ qd t and d d at 60" C F m m w#e
dhrebd r q u M y fiw PO days and pod#i for a d p ~ s T h f b d q c v t m m \ u were conhad at a
salmtyaf25*2Oppt, pH112*02Mdkmpcr;l!utlc27to2~'C
The
digcst~bil~~
(dt) matter) of WING protan souras ronEpd Frmr 42 So& fw shnmp hod
waste to 67 50% for L~UKI
mail tbvmcr. t
k p r a m dlgat~btl~t>
MU 8 1 2 1
for squtllo m d and a d y
55 26% fw &nmp had wsrtc m G m p I T)r dagcst~brl~t)of h h dq nuttcr atd pratcin fm all the Eow
prwtcm sources wen kru m &urn (Gmp Il)end hrgt SIM: Ehrrrttp (Grmrp Ill) Amang thc groups I1 md
111, the L;mcr s b w d comparattdy Mcr dtgcst~brl~ttS ~ m ~ burrc
r thc r~%ulraIn the cruc of p h t pfotan
sources, suybm mad Ud s u n h e r cake (Tabk 2 )
Thc rtf~~lc
cctl pmkuu, .\plmlma Pnd )vast b d bcqtrr dlgcstrbtl~t>in nwxlrum s t u shrunp (fa93
and (ill 74%) than thc d k r srn: ( 5 2 98 aml 58 65%) nhcn uscd at 10% or1 the dm I'k eorbahydratc
rourclor, witcat h r and ma& f b r dwmpod a d~gcr(it#ltt?,of 78 24% md 78 41% m Citarp I, 57 32%
lmd 84 M)96 m graup 11 and 100% m Group Ill rcsgcrrl~rrty Among Lhe 11pd wrca fish asl rhowad bct!cr
d q p ~ k l r t yd 6 2 OPh ul Gray, 1 ond 53 100/.tn Group II lhan q k t M al(4662% ud 22 11%) r&
odlubec nch m k n a l s I&c dfilfr (45 2% II) GMJP 1 IMd 34 6% In Group If) d bgassc (25 08% an
Chmp 1,52 5% la Grarp I1 a d I 1 3% m Gmp 111 shrunp) shmcd pdrgcstrbllrt)
la$e~d~IradII,(he~unmonu~crc~m.rr~~mIhc~fodwrtht
-abe(F*
4),fdlowartbycbcQuwthrquiikrmc;rl. fish marl, dutmphadmal, ro).bavrrnool
9 3 d l Q i d 1 m d i D t h c ~ a r d r x t n 2 4 b a t nW b i k u , G m u p I I 1 ~ , d r k ~ ~ m a r u
* F m d A ~ : F t s h 0 1 ) 4 . 0 0 % . ~ O I X ) K . Y ~ IOOY,Vk
plr
mix 100%.Mhr.~tix330%,
C r A 0.MK; Saburn Jgnut 1.SO %.
F~udGdkrO(19"tl)~r~b(lyd905%IkrWdmandorptbnap
P s r l # m r m ~ ; p ~t n P ~ c w 1 5 9 0 4 6 ~ w r r ~ b y N o b C ( 1 Aiuymm@f
W )
d(l919)faurltbatrhrQy~dagarOlkkqydMd~11M3%llndntproraa~~wr
W7%atP wnwmt Thc~tbrlttyafpnr(cmEnmhrhmrlwasdeknnsa#dtnPtnrttcwbyCdm
(t9715)mdAhrundAl~(1W)t)ruhw;bwltrBarrrdmbcW4%md70
I%rrapfft~nl?; Inthcprrsaalmdy
tbc dry m#m dtgtst$bolrs).of fiJ1 mEel NllgraJ from 34% to 55% and thot of prorrur dqpirtnirty fhm
5 J 3 * 4 ~ , 7 O I * ~ * m t h r a r t t c ~ p r a ( n g p d w u nmmdm
pP
Thc#mkrcsrrehth;urthcMkter
rqKWlrPd tn crrrdaw hnmp d m P t a p t a n but amparpMc lo dr value wpwtd fm P mmwmst
uwtI'rnrfrrwr T ) w d q n r u # c t a m f p r a r c r n & , i s e r t ~ b r l ~ ) d ~ q u d m c o l w ~ M P h a n d t 9 n 6 , ~ v c t y
m P wmmcr ( A k s ) s m o c t ~ ~199)
l,
l?cd~&csrrbtlmofagudmcrl rocordcd t n t h c p m t s.tt& was
6dW?0q.,5 wtth 11%p r a m dslpwrt,btla nngq f m 57 4% to 7%4%. which wcrc canpanbk
in tb:a d rtwtmg hwrd d,
thc ptdcm digcstbbrln) rtpntad was 74 ha! m P ~c#wulrrre/( A k r p m
IW9) Md 77 2% a P tn$rtrr (MuMd All. IW2) Cunp;uod to thcsc thc h t w pman
bgFafirbJlt~d hrtmp Mmcal was 5 5 q ? w~ I' m m d m whtch was knr T h i s ma! bc duc to wrotrars
ta comprnltm and qualrt! d lhr mPlrrrral u d In thcrc clrpcrtmcnts Ahl~amrrr al (1989) aim
d m d tb.r drptrbtht\ d mbcorn meot and oclluiaor d npmcd 5 5 9% C, 2 I 436 m ~ v c l ,
Thc drgotthllttr of vnhcM -1
rcadcd a thc pIuud? IS hlghcr (h? y e ) In I' mu~dcut T k
dyiswrtjbdft! of baytpaac: (rrctluknec) rwmdod In I' mmrkkur rn thc p w m t stid! r m g d f r m I I 55. to
22 1%
ct nl
Claad dqgwtrbrfrt? of cah&!dratc
hnmp I'rrltremt~n5rrritru.s (Fmtcr md
CioMxlct, 1U7 t ), I"mwr
{ A ~ I ? ~rtMin! IVltW a d I' c d t c u r ( A h & Alt. 19%) \
s
h
a r c h &as
fmn I I 1% ro VqO, Stmhr raultlr u r r c oba;ewoJ In carbohydrate
urod arr c;or)wslrydrrrt.r:w r c c Ii
thgmtbtl~t:,cn ttr p m m ~ u d r~n I' mwtdt3sr whrch r;urllcd from 87 1% tcj 96 2% at &ffercnt d m q
b l r Thcrc am hlghi) cmrrpmhk (0 tk a b v c fimt~np
&as rcjx.wtcd
in
car-
in dw: c3uar of Iipd Mcrtwl ard Sl~rnr( lwl) r q w r t a l a d t ~ r b ~ ltsf
~ t%)\ ONo* to W 7!*,
of d~ffcrcnt
lkpd xcturw 11%/' mmchkvr iktwvbocr rn thc caw of / d w q W ~ p dfk~ &gcst~b~)~t)
ruts r c d u d to
IS)O!
to 04 I??.*
Itrr ~ h cprrscttt ~rtud~
tk dl$c~~l~htl~t!
01 ICNJJ
I q ~ drurg~dfrw~70 8'. to Uo la+" at dlffcrcnt
W r ru I' mtwkLJcm the 11pdwrcc u d king fish LUI and pkplrrd~ptd(ktfhm) m the rutlo 7 1
7')rc brpwrlrkl~fr
af prulcrn at drfhmt kwlr m JYI ulu d d u l tn f' cutrrnrtmr b) Snltth cr c ~ l(1985)
ltnd found thal thc dya#ihtltt\ I& to be h
r
w at hyhrr k\;crls Strnrtsrs rrvults wcrc obtnrned tn Y
r d r r r x by A b t d Alr ( I W) And C'alvrn ( IV7h) In Ifw: p m f st* dm, thc Ctgcstjb~Iit>of &my
w
a
n ukzttrord rcrth prmm k\llcl up to 13 4% Md dwrmacd r k d c r m drfiemt S I E ~groups of rrhrunp
Qu! n\~:arbr;zlflswr fmn I 5 ~ w kd
l 19 captsw l'muw mnnritm of 5- 1 .Sg sta: w r c ~dttal
am per
dwEcol nrrsnsbrolqlltcal n m W and Wfd &wed on t h r awwphslogFcrl ud b m c b m d
mq B q p ' s
dS~stmat~
( i b q (LRC( HOQ, 1984). A t a d aunrbcr
d ( W o u l n u m d ~ ~ \ m ~ ( T a b~ k ~S )p l o p u h t w w 3 n d r c
dac#mrcral~Juwurl61utmemJsQlcadphre:mdtba;iT & ? ~ W w l a a # u r m t h r j p u d u p t m
d w w n p ~ h o l n 2 010'to
~ 16x 1 0 ' ~~~ p o ( & ) p r y ~ a l a d v i l d ~ b o n 7
Fammtatm of
bjc t& gui birctcrtuni lucihxrcnum sp ~rohscdfrom P mrmwbcm w+r
au&ad usmg c u m broth mabum (pH 7 0 ) cantm- 0 5% a c t n ( S t p ) as uubstrok: Flul;r WCIIE
~ e ~ . W . t r a o ~ma n p c r r t u r c l ( 3 ~ I " C - 3 2 " ~ ) ~ d c h c n t e o ~ ~ 1 1 o i ~ n t oww
~wrarld
oft8t drffcratt tImc m
d upto 120 holm win$ ldrnkrd mcthad of pfutall m w m (LavTy
et a1 1952) Thc m a m t of froc unrno a d s in cultun: supcnrrsont was dcrtvrd f m rhc tyrarmc turdud
.
cum
Thc gut nucrobc I.ucrbacter~umsp ~bOLtdfrom J8 mmdm was t d for ~ trrbil~ty
,
to brrrlrdown
rtprdr to mattoec as cod product fhc rmounl of fra d t o s c In the suprmsfant ~ u atrmot#l
r
d~ffwm!
turn: uumds usrng 3.54nrtro s a l q l r c acd rncthod ( h f c l d , 1950 T)K: a - u n ) h r r t ~ w t yof
Lordbw:tertum sp was s h upo 7 hours of fcnnerastm Stgntfmnt octlvtt? was ~ c ud24 hOun wrh
10 56 p mck of fr#: mhmc per ml and uicrclwd to 1 h4 )r W m l
72 houn wtth r rlou Jrpcltnr
dmwAn Tht fta: maltose levEt tncrcascd neart) 3 tlma bring rhr fcnncnrafrun proccls ( F g 5 )
Cdlordal chrtln was rrrcorporatcd at 0 3% lcvrrl m h c mncral mtx &urn aupplcnmtd ~ 8 t Oh 3%
~ t i n f i n n a r ~ ~ ~ t o c u r w x l a r t m t h c b c nFcnwnwmmcorrndm
c b ~ f ~
a t 3 O @ ~ p n d ~ A~phrw:a\hun:ofadutmdyUc&n-rllwq,
~70
wumozu)ualat5kicvcl bf"q
b ~ m r t ruad 11bof N s c a y l glucarunur (kurourx, IYtrlS) urrr meeulrd at pcrrjobc
lmaomrb (Flg.5) Chffm dcgdawa u nvaJod frrnn the camatam af ck: ad patoa, NIEayl
oeyrvrmrnrwt,pr?otmbbupb~4bWIOf~llYi~~~ilnrclcal~30b
dhmnm.
A total of64 gut bactcrlal ~ d t fmm
a 1' mwndwt uss scrixmd for prntd!trc, orm~k~ytic,
Irpdy~rc,
ocllukrht~4ctutmd9tc Jctrwt? FIWI rhrsc tdatcs. I bc*rh~rtenurn sp Altcrltgmi yr, I ' s c d m w r u
sp and (:vfiy$MXQ sp t z r ~schd fw ~KICIYIICI?IUI*studm k b;rctrvla had cnnmc mtvrtrcls and rye
perall\ not pathqcn~: shrimps ( f ' 1 ~ u c k r r n 4 ~ ~ l cmrrt
tt
must cxczwmurl ~nfwtrrmstn n h r u r ~wrJa
d m ) BKICOIIWKIII clipcrrmmts w e catnod crut b\ m t - d drutc fcrmmwtrn nrcltrod
&iacorrwrurioa of royrkrn rrrtrl, Tub mrd a d squid mrri using p r d c o l y t ~d r d m
A mrxturc of m y b a n meal, fish m c ~rud
l yud mr=iil ~ r r2 2 I p r y m ~ t murn usod fm b~lcorrvcrrsun
m p c r m t b!, prorcd>t~cn ~ r c r ~ ~ I~u c~rhwrcnum
s m .
rp Fcnrwnia~wwas corrlcxl uut a 30" C' Ud
ptf 7 2 Sampk3 urrt cnlkctd at 24 hrt lntcnal up to 7 3 ; l r ~ Thu wrrpks w:rc cmtrlfuapd and thc
supcnrotant was ym1-yw-dfor prcrrcril using 11rstwYf3rd n ~ h ofd L~ntp4'1 111 ( 195 1 ) PrutOa)!~~:acdivtty
was obcrvcd ftom thc 2nd &! and i c r d to nd\tnlunl h\ 5th
of arkurc wrth a ri&j@ fall
theraaftcr From thc data ubta~nod,fcnncnwtw up to 9 da!~pP1Wr;ln to bc cgtnml fcw nuurnurn r c k of
rmnamm~cunlts, thc m~nowrds, from the raw nulrnal ('T'abk 6 )
B i o c ~ v c l r i o aof fuh oil by Lipdytic bacteria
5% fish otl was u d In 1% peptau Hstcr for fcnrmtatrcur atudm uwng s /tfn)lil~cktcnurn,
I rci~thucrrrrumsp Fcnncnt;lt~m&as carrtcd out 31 30'' (' ad ptl 7 ! 1k uruwnt of ficc fa!$) act&
Iibcrot:ed m thc supcmrmtan~was m u d ustng thc nlcl)lod of )'snwk r r i t / ( It*?) 1,thL'ruttm of fat)
w& was obSCnFOd aAcr 24 hts of fcrmcnt;rlwm and thctr Icscl r~whCd nn\tntum CWI 41h Q! 'Ikn: wrs a
bocltnc m fm fatty acids t k m f t c r (Tabk 6 )
Biocormrrionof chitin rich cnrrtactub wastes
Thc RVC, dutrnouo mitcruls, t k shr~mphc;d H I L ~ ~and
C bg~llb
n m l ttfth and n~thoulhc;u trcptmmt u
vanars cmxntntronar w w e wbpcdud to broconvcrrm usutg chtinol!~~c()l!ophcigt~sp , Aeromnnq~r xp
cnnd AlMfgens sp by lsLmradrd state fcrrrtcnwm nrthod ('dlordal chilm pwparal from ahrrmp hod
MstC waa subjccd to bachmd femmtahm uslng Alhlrgcns 59 tn thc fcnmrrtw Sunptcr
colla%d
at 24 hr u#trvils up to 7 days Thc amaunl af N - a a t y l g l ~ m m
c
W m supcmslant war crtlmard
ar pco the mcthod of icutuwx f 1966) Thc mpcmnmts on blacarvcnm uf Ehttmaus marcnoJs udmtcd
thPtthcnacut;almrw~ddurmphadw~dsgulllo~nmorrcfficrcnlLhanthc
ob#. trcotmantt tn tmnr of hof N-acctjl gluco&ammc, uhrch rcxhcd t k t r PC& an 2nd and 3rd 6)
also
and rqu~l&meal r a p t r v c l , fl?Mc 6) Thc b
r trcltod rhrunp h a d
for rhnmp hcad
showed butcr bro#lrrven#rcl I # L ~m#amm of rhrtur N - m y 1 ~ J ~ I EfhOn
Y :wttrcarod rhnmp had
H&,
& h g h rhc cdkdal $idm fixmnffaflat mGcruod fmcr r c b of N - m y 1 gt-w
under
~ o l l t F d b r t m m t k : f # m s a c # Thtnruks~I)rJtthcblor;uctvcrsmdch#urous~lboUlrCr
~rUbceffic#l1~t&:prur~ulcrrtedia)ugh~slorr
Q u n t q p ~ ~ o l W u r g ) n b a d l i r u c h r r ( 1 ) ~ , r q ~ m # l u w 9 ~
pracrsdp h h r i w n , 9 , (ii)fish or1 by iipdytm: l+u~bac~c~nrm
sp , tab) rhnollQ bad mrcc d
og"llr m#l by & t k @ " ~ l c AlhtI1getnr sp Aoromnaa~:q, and (>II#MX~J
sp (n)s u p a r a ~bpm d
u g . r k # n ~ & ~ P s e W s * u d ( v ) F o m w t l P t c d M m t x ~ m a x o d csukurrcrd&cranr,
.
-
~offmglrwxr#.mJlo#,N-+~~~radfp3tydtncrcPradtarup;Bbbvobby
~rblc6),~hygwr~dI)wJftuadpeodudJ~notrcadm
at$rrsqUprrl&flb.
Tbc~lrdwrltthrOSPEdIlI;PrOdlLfndll~fkrrmlllbdfbeda#xan~
f~LYYkIOM~b#lr6~00OblloljrX~,hCUOllQIllllj~lClQ
ddPrtiaouamrraakarirbuvisaPtwolandrhmrdw)pvo-r#ruhr
Fdqexpwnn#llr
hdr)"raffiannautray#l
usqbPOQ*Or(OdbddxLr-Lk*Pd&b-dfd~h*y
mmmdbyIOQ~dhlpowxbotr&rrPrpoorrldk*l?yMEwdr.
7. HtIMAN RESOURCE DWEUIPMENT
~nwt)lobalqlrmrkso#dCwrmdrtb,
5 h E t v a f l f k n ; S V AlrMnswaswderohr~p~dwmrafIkh n t J v m r h m a t I ) w r ~ o f
lWbwuywJMokcuSrr&olal),Uarm)nfG~.Soarluab,tfKf a n A b w t n 1 7 t h
stqmmb iP95 T l r ~ o C I h r ~ p t ~ ~ l ~ ~ v r ~ t o u n d r m u t d d r a n e
~ w m u d b a n r d r ~& M
d ad~f-d f-rtl~
-p~lsprnvnr~ll
~thtt~dsr~~tumsdf~drctodrnsgwrm~nr)mepurtkr
hmc&n d auyarer hPm drc tyqhtrsuld -mas
nns pElCamrd ut~ng uknctnarif%sp
('Bduml, h , r p r a l w P l s n u y r O o Q m ~ p m ~ g c J t i b r n u a n ~4 wt w
u ~o
t l ) r p c s d ~ N m E J y , T S K ~ i W S S u l d ~ G l OT ah t f h d u m c d W \ M Z h r r l t r x w r r ~
watrcfiswlfktkpnaarccdprarcrab? ~ t l l l g t t v e ~ ~ n r t 2 M ) m w ~ S h t l R l r d l R
Sp#lerqp&rc#1#eet Twod~fl;rsrealbofliElr~~~tOtddfb(~hl~~~~i?mr?IfUOUehIf#Wcdutm
Tb
fkbam mrc subgabod to ~ r cn x c b q c drtan;unpnphj u a q HPLC aa MONOQ colunrn wuh qmc&
~ 5 k w d t h c b u f l l k n f i w c C ~ d r o u y Tmt ~r f r r d n m r t h l b r w l d r ~ v u n r u n r ~ v l c y d ~
Md Ipphrlued Thc affamty-hc
was prtrformd w#ryl paulymo vllerr podcd
V
arxi~~lscphiu01~68wrcpluzrchm,an;r)mcrmraodmthpuma
hukmrPnd#derrdusgcS D S P A G e f c c t ~ $ ~ ~ ~ ! o M h p
of' tho cnqmc and fbr ddMmuuu~mof mdocular wnghts of thc prucr;uu & wur) m t d d
mokruhrwgtumuirctr E ~ t s ~ i u r l m p r o c t w r o d k , ~ @ t b ~ ~ o b a ~ I l m
t q p u l Westtnr bioltmtyj tochnqw was d fix rgpcrf~Ida#rfmwn of the Q I V ) ~
raplnOsd by
c k t m p h w s by t r e n s f h q to mtfoccllubrc Md DEAE cdlukrsc munbnn#l E x p r t w ~ r IJ#,
~ m
pxf;onn#l to
dw d%~of pH on thc actlvrty of athcpssn d t~mgcnrturcatabllrr) of thc crrt)mc
Swrrmutaodtwultsarcp~bdou
--ScpbdcxC100&sf o d togm"ebdlesmwhthnTSKW 55 forsquWmofc;rlhrjlirm
-Fnot#mr~tiwnSaphdexOtOOrftctdutmwtthunrmnrwn~buffrIOmM,pM62m
into MONOQ &m of HPLC,fradiatr duwcd no pmhof t q p i n IW u usually rnan cturmng
with MONOQ cdzrma of HPUl
im aosll)rPqCCa
Nd.,Fa,A-I, ud RuuMk R.J (1931)
lamy, OH,
rqlat.Jm-,
)nasa arr#mm wuh Rdb p
bd
ISI):26$27S
Lprh W. (19741)
- h h ~ u ~ V M d r N - R a l r D y l - T ~ ~ t ~ ~ haE t b y
. A*nkdr
- - f c
(Ed Bqmqw. HI,2nd Ed. V d 2 , pp 11012. V a l y C h w ~
W ~ A w r d e r s \ l c p r a # l n CNcrvYorCdLadar
R;vdt, W. (1974)
(Ed
,
Trypgl-
Meam-
H). 2nd Ed. V d 2, pp
a ~ as
n mbstntc la MtlWYb (?/ ~ A I A ~C
)WSS.
1013- 1024, V w l q Chcrmc, W&m.
kadcmc pcorr, l#t
W)lbl c
NcwYorirbtlnndon
RwJcW.md-,H.P
(1974) A t p b r q S u c b ) ~ ~
r#)ucuySgtaupr
d
In W t W q /
F e c Arrph?tls (Ed w . H U ), 2nd Ed, V d 2, pp 8115489, Vcrkr( Cbanrc, W e e
AadamK:m1#: NcwYorltiBLarbn
Tatr, N N. and Fnodndl E A [ 1966) A spacific m ~ h o dfw rcrur~lrpuc ddcrmu~ranCltn C'hrrrc,
Acu. 13 : 332.
Tw, I H,Chwurg, K Land C
w J L (1986) Ch~molpplimm bg~trvctractm u f c r u drrcrQcdr
~
B: 235-239
(shrimps) C O C IBlcrchcm
I~
Pbld,
Tmi, I H.,
lung. tu P ud C
w J L (1991) 7hc mdgut c h y m d v crf &rum(Pernus rrwrolcrckns
P/olwmricu ud P penrcillurnf) &&m
cr AtnphyJ Acta, IObQ : 59-67
Tlrri, I.H., Lru, W.C.udChwurC1, K.L (1%)
H i X ~ l ~ t203:
~ s ,257-261
Vtjapn. K K and DtWUI, A D (1995) l n f i ~ o i t a p c r a t u r r nrtunt),
,
pH md lypbr cm mahw aad
&mwb in the lRdlM Wbl& pnwn Y l d l c w (Crkcapda. Pcnacrbc) wdcr la&mrrrry
a d i t b Jskzn I;"rsksrres , 8 :63-72
VcpJr, H.J (1 960) In Phyrrdogy of C r w r m , Vol I (Ed T H Wrtrxmrvr) pp 29 1-3 IFr ACdOmrC Pnrur,
Ncw Yak.