Inventing the Telephone

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STRATEGIES & SKILLS AT A GLANCE
•
Fi:ndOut •
•
•
How have
telephones
changed over
the years?
- -- - -- ~
Comprehension
• Strategy: Monitor Comprehension
• Skill: Com pare and Contrast
Vocabulary
• allowed, design, instrument,
•
inve nted, powerful , produc ts
Vocabulary Strategy
• Word Parts: Suffixes
Phonics
• r-contro lled vowe ls lo r/or, ore, oar
Photo Credits
COY: (bl) Ryan McVoy/Getty [mages;
(br) Thinkstock/lndeKStoc k TOC: SSPLfThe
Imuge Works. 2: (bl) Brion PielerslMoslerfile;
(bl) Pholodisc . 3: Corbis. 4 Corbis . 5: The
Granger Collection, New York . 6: SSPLfThe
Image Works. 7; MinnesoTa Hlstoricol
Society/Corbis 8 : Ingrom PublishingfAlomy.
CONTENT-AREA VOCABULARY
Words related to telephones
and technology
(see glossary)
9: Tom Adorns. to: Image Source/Getty
CONTENT STANDARDS
Images. II : Getty Images. 12: Victor io Arocno!
AP Photo. 14: (bl) Ryon McVoy/GeH y Images;
(br) ThinkSlock/lnde){Sfock
Social Studies
• Science, Technology, and Society
Ill us t rat ion Credits
13: Toby Mikle.
/I
*Word count: 527
B
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Macmillan
McGraw-Hili
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learning.
Printed in the United States of America
2 3
~S
6 789 BSF 100908 0706
**The to lol word count is based on words in t he running l ex I and headings only.
Numerals and words in cap tions, labels, diagrams, char t s, and sidebar s are no t included.
by James Gordon
Table of Contents
Chapter I
Inventing the Telephone ........... 2
Chapter 2
The Telephone, Then and Now ..... 8
Chapter 3
The Changing Telephone ...... .. . 12
Glossary/Index ....... . .......... 15
Comprehension Check .. . ....... . . 16
Chapter I
Inventing the Telephone
We use telephones every day. Life
would be hard without them . How
would you talk to people far away?
How would you call 911?
A world without telephones would be
a very different place.
c:
A phone can
help you get
pizza brought
to your home.
American inventor
Samuel Morse
created the
telegraph in 1837.:>
People used the telegraph before the
telephone was invented. They could
send messages quickly. The messages
were sent in codes over wires.
People wanted a way to talk to
someone far away. Then Alexander
Graham Bell invented the telephone.
3
Scottish inventor
Alexander Graham
Bell holds his first
telephone. Thomas
Watson was there
to help. :>
Alexander Graham Bell taught deaf
children. He knew a lot about how
people speak and hear. He used what
he knew to invent a telephone.
Bell worked on his telephone design
for many years. He made the first
telephone call in 1876. His helper,
Thomas Watson, was in another room.
Watson heard Bell say, "Mr. Watson,
come here! I need you!"
Bell brought the telephone to a fair
in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. This new
instrument amazed people. They liked
the invention that allowed people to
talk to one another.
Bell was sure that many people would
buy his invention. He tried to sell it to
people at the telegraph company. They
did not want it. They said it was a "silly
toy."
Bell had to show many people how
his telephone worked. U
o Bell's
telephone looked like this in 1877.
Bell started his own company. People
began to buy his telephone. But his
product was not perfect. It was hard
to hear the speaker. Bell knew his
phone needed more work.
6
Other inventors were able to make
the telephone better. In 1878, the
switchboard was invented. People called
the switchboard. They were connected
to other people with phones. It became
easier for people to talk to each other.
Within a few years, many people in
the United States had a telephone.
oA
person connects phone calls
on a switchboard.
Chapter 2
The Telephone,
Then and Now
Using a telephone today IS easy.
In the past, someone had to connect
every call. Now, you just push buttons.
In the past, telephones had to be
mounted on a wall. Now you can carry
a phone with no wires.
Early telephones
had to hang
on a wall.:)
8
Over the years, telephones have
become easier to use.
Follow the time line to see how.
Phones Become Easier to Use
Reuben H. Donnelly
publishes the first
list of names and
phone numbers.
1886
1889
Willy Muller
invents the
answering
machine.
1935
1982
William Gray
invents the
pay phone.
Carolyn
Doughty
invents
caller ID.
c: William
Gray's
pay telephone
allowed people
to use a phone
away from home.
9
c: Cell
phones
can now send
pictures and
messages.
Today, many people have cell phones.
Cell phones have no wires. They can
be used almost anywhere.
The first cell phones were invented
in 1926. New York police officers used
them in police cars.
10
In 1975, American inventor Martin
Cooper created the modern cell phone.
It was too heavy to carry.
Powerful cell phones now come
In
smaller sizes. There are even cell
phones made of paper.
o American
inventor Randice-Lisa Altschul created
this paper telephone. You can throw it away
after you use it.
Chapter 3
The Changing Telephone
Telephones have changed our lives.
Telephones are still changing.
Modern phones can also be cameras
and computers. Videophones let you
see who you are talking to. There are
also telephones for people who can't
hear. A screen lets a person see who
is talking and read that person's lips.
This telephone is
for people who
can read lips. 0
12
H Satellite phones allow people to make a
call from anywhere in the world.
Satellite phones are more powerful
than cell phones. A telephone call
bounces from the phone to a satellite
in space. It is picked up by satellite
dishes on Earth. Wires bring the call
into a home.
13
The telephone helps us communicate.
It lets us talk with people far away. It
has become smaller and easier to use.
We can use phones to send pictures
and messages. Telephones in the future
will be even more amazing!
The telephone has changed a lot over time.
The phone on the left was made in the 1920s.
The cell phone on the right is modern. 0
14
Glossary
cell phones (SEL FOHNZ) wireless
telephones you can carry (page
10)
communicate (kuh-MYEW-ni-kayt) to
share information by talking (page Ill)
modern (MOD-uhrn) having to do with
the present or recent time (page 1/)
satellite (SAT-uh-Iyt) a spacecraft that
moves around Earth (page
13)
telegraph (TEL-uh-graf) a system of
sending electrical codes by wire over
long distances (page
3)
Index
Altschul, Randice-Lisa, II
Morse, Samuel, 3
answering machine, 9
pay phone, 9
Bell, Alexander Graham, 3-6
satellite phone, 13
caller ID, 9
switchboard, 7
cell phone, 10-11, 13
videophones, 12
Cooper, Martin, /I
Watson, Thomas, 4
15
Comprehension Check
Retell
Use a Compare and
Different Alike Different
Contrast Chart and
the photos to retell
the information in
this book.
Think and Compare
I. Turn to pages 8 and 9. How are
today's phones like the earliest
phones? How are they different?
(Compare and Contrast)
2. How has the invention of the cell
phone made your life different from
your parents' lives? (Analyze)
3. What inventions do you think are
more useful than the phone? Explain
your answer. (Evaluate)
16
No Phones
Make a list of people you talk to on
the phone. Next to each person, write
how you would communicate with them
if there were no phones.
Interview Adults
Talk to two adults. Ask them about
different phones they have owned. Find out
what they used when they were young.
Also learn what they used as teens and
what they use now. Take notes. Then tell
the class what you learned .
· ..
U
GR J • Benchmark 18 • Lexile 490
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