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FISIOCULTURAL
The Organism at the cellular level
Editorial Director
Dr. Ulises Jesús Roldán Trejo
Editors
E.M.H. Aguilar Martínez Mayte
E.M.H. Estudillo Mendoza Hefzi-Ba
E.M.H. Jiménez González José
Carlos
E.M.H. Martínez Arano Christian
Zuriel
E.M.H. Muñoz Blas Suli
E.M.H. Tirado López Cesar Rodrigo
Students of Medicine
and Homeopathy
Design
Montaño Garcia Bruno Jacob
Fisiocultural is a magazine dedicated
to the entire community of the
National School of Medicine
and Homeopathy.
We appreciate the assistance of Professor:
Dr. Miguel Ángel Félix Cruz
Dr. Ulises Jesús Roldán Trejo
What is Physiology?
Physiology is the biological science that aims
to study the functions of organic beings, by using the
principles of physiology sciences with the study of the
interaction of the basic elements of a living being
with its environment and explain the reason for the
different situations in which you can find these items.
All
theories in
physiology meet the
same
objective make comprehensible all those processes and
functions of living beings and all elements at all levels.
Depending on the type of living organism, we can
classify physiology in two different types:
·
Animal Physiology, in this we find the human
physiology.
·
Vegetal Physiology
biography:www.tumblr.com
Who was the first man to see a cell?
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Robert Hooke (It is noted in the Third Image)
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Only few
Cell Theory
people discover
things. . .
Discover who is
behind this find!
Dare to read the story
In 1665 the English scientist
Robert Hooke (born
in Freshwater, England on July
18, 1635), made one of the
greatest discoveries in
history, when looking at a sheet
of cork under the microscope
slide was observed that
such small cavities formed by
polyhedral reminiscent of a
honeycomb cells and thus each
cavity are called cells. But not
until 1673 that the Dutch
scientist Anton Van
Leeuwenhoek made
important observations with
microscopes made by
himself, becoming the first to
study and outline a cell.
Theodor Schwann
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Inand
1839 German
begins to discover!
scientists Theodor Schwann and Matthias
Jakob Schleiden, pitched the first
principle of the cell theory of
history: "Everything in living beings are
made by cells or consists of
products secreted by the cells." Later
in 1852 the German
physician Rudolf Virchow Karl Ludwig
explains what we consider as the
second principle: "Every cell comes from
another existing cell." Analyzing what
was said by the scientists mentioned
above we can conclude that every living
organism consists of one or more cells
that living organisms are single cells
smaller and the cells are functional
units of multicellular organisms and
finally, all cells come from preexisting
cells.
Matthias Jakob
Schleiden
From the images displayed on the page
Can you guess who was the first to observe a cell?
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Rudolf Ludwig Karl
Virchow
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Winners !
Winners!
Membrane
Structure
Authors: Cesar Manuel Flores Sánchez, Carolina Soledad Gallegos Zúñiga
Jazmín Hernández Ríos, David Vázquez Aragón, Diana María Alvarado
Hernández, Martha Martinez Gutiérrez
Did you know ...
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The group 2HM1 performed a poster competition in cell physiology and the winners were these
presentations.
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Curious origin of
mitochondria
Mitochondria
have more
similarities with
bacteria that
only size and shape
There are
10 differences in the
following images ...
Can you find them?
The American
scientist
Lynn
Margulis, along
with
other
scientists in
1980 recovered the
hypothesis that
speaks of
endosymbiosis. According to this
version some 1,500 million years ago
a bacterium capable of obtaining
energy from organic nutrients using
molecular oxygen as an oxidant,
merged in a time of evolution with a
primitive prokaryotic cell. Thus there
was
a
permanent
symbiosis
between the
bacteria produced
energy, specifically in the form
of ATP, and the host cell provided a
stable and rich in nutrients This
achievement is mutually beneficial
for invading bacteria to become part
of the body of the cell.
This hypothesis has as foundation,
that the mitochondria and bacteria,
has many features in common, such
as size, structure, components of the
membrane and the way they produce
energy. Another foundation that has
this hypothesis is that mitochondria
have their own DNA, and is covered
by its own membrane.
biography: www.google.com.mx
Compare your results and shows how much you know ...
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Results are on the last page.
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Authors: Aguilar Martinez Mayte, Estudillo Mendoza Hefzi-Ba,
Jiménez González José Carlos, Martinez Arano Christian Zuriel,
Muñoz Blas Suli, Tirado López Cesar Rodrigo
Lysoso . . .What?
Food?
1-. Lisosoma
6-.Tempranos
11-.Glucosidasas
2-.Hidrológico
7-.Tardío
12-.Proteasas
3-.Primario
8-.Primarios
13-.Nucleasas
4-.Fagolisosoma
9-.Secundario
14-.Cuerpo Residual
5-.Endosoma
10-.Lipasas
15-.Autofagosoma
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Did you know? ...
There are pathologies associated with lysosomes which are
shown in the table below
Know a Little more…
Morquio disease (MPS IV)
is
due to
deficiency of
2 enzyme (galactosamine-6sulfatase
and β-galactosidase),
which
causes an accumulation of heparan sulfate
(Morquio Type A) and 6 chondroitin sulfate
(type B Morquio ). The
most characteristic
of Morquio disease is
the
development
of severe bone
disease without
mental
retardation.
Growth is very committed since before 5 years
of age and average height is between 85
and 100 cm, but mental retardation occurs in
other mucopolysaccharidoses. Hypoplasia of
the odontoid process can lead to C1C2 subluxation and is a typical feature
of Morquio disease. Some patients with milder
forms may reach adulthood.
Instituto de hematopatologia, Atlas de morfología y patogenia de las enfermedades lisosomales, CarrilloFarga Joaquín, Dr, Nava Aguilera María Luisa QBP. México 2011 pág. 35
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Discover the principal lysosome
diseases
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In this optical micrograph Wright staining shows the Niemann-Pick disease, obtained from
the atlas of morphology and pathogenesis of diseases of the Institute of Hematopathology
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EXPERIMENT YOURSELF
INTRODUCTION
Osmosis is the passage of water molecules through
a membrane. Water always travels from the side
where there are fewer dissolved substances to the side
where there are more dissolved substances. The cell
membranes allow the passage of water because in the
interior of the cells there is usually more dissolved
substances than out of it. The cell must regulate the
amount of water entering the interior and remove
excess, and if this is not done correctly could be filled
with water by osmosis and burst.
1 large glass jar.
Cover the jar with plastic, which you
made a couple of holes before
1 raw egg
1 small piece of plastic
Leave the jar without moving for two
days.
1 League
Vinegar
Sugar
Water
Put the egg in the jar
Add vinegar till it covers the egg
completely
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Then carefully pour the bottle
and examine the egg.
Record your observations in the table
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Day 0
Day 1
Day 2
Egg in vinegar
Other observations
Egg in sugar
Other observations
ANSWER YOURSELF!
How does the egg change when put in vinegar?
What explanation can you give?
How does the egg size change when put in solution of sugar?
What explanation can you give?
What happened to the egg shell when the vinegar was added?
What explanation can you give?
hPlace
Place
thethe
egg egg
back back
in the in the
bottle
nowand
and
bottle now
add
sugarsolutions
solutions
add sugar
as
(sugar
water)
as possible
possible (sugar
water)
Leave the
the bottle
without
Place
egg back
in the
moving
for
two
days,
see
bottle now and
whatsugar
happens
and record your
add
solutions
observations in the table.
as
possee what
happens and record your
observations in the table.
Place the egg back in the
bottle now and
add sugar solutions
as possible (sugar water)
Leave the bottle without
moving for two days see
what happens and
record your observations in
the table.ce the egg back in
the bottle now and
add sugar solutions
as possible (sugar water)
Leave the bottle without
moving for two days see
what happens and
record your observations in
the table.Place the egg back in
the bottle now and
add sugar solutions as possible
(sugar water)
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Leave the bottle without
moving for two days see what
happens and record your
observations in the table.
10
Site of Interest
The Mitochond ria l di sea ses
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Also
known
as mitochondrial encephalomyopathies or
conditions of oxidative phosphorylation are a heterogeneous
group of disorders characterized by a complex phenotype in
which most patients
present
encephalopathy and
muscle
injuries, and they may damage other organs such as liver, kidneys,
heart, retina, bone marrow, peripheral nerves and pancreas.
Mitochondria
are cytoplasmic
organelles responsible
for
producing energy as ATP, using a system called OXPHOS and
located in the inner membrane, but also have other roles in the
pathophysiology cell, such as regulation of intracellular Ca2 +,
thermogenesis and control of apoptosis . They are the main
generators of reactive oxygen species in the cell and can cause cell
death by necrosis under conditions of oxidative stress.
These intracellular organelles are independent reproduction and
contain their own genome, which contributes to the complexity of
the alterations,
caused by
mutations
in nuclear or
mitochondrial genes.
The genetics of mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (mtDNA)
differs from nuclear DNA by 4 key areas:
* Maternal inheritance: Mitochondria and therefore mtDNA is
only transmitted through the ovule cytoplasm which is much
larger than the sperm that does not contribute mitochondria in
fertilization.
*Polyplasmia: In each cell there are hundreds or thousands
of mtDNA molecules
* Mitotic segregation: During cell division, mitochondria are
randomly distributed between daughter cells.
*high speed of mutation: spontaneous mutation rate of mtDNA is
10 times higher than innuclear DNA.
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MEASURE YOUR KNOWLEDGE, ANSWER
CORRECTLY AND YOU WILL GET A GIFT
1. - Describes protein synthesis within a cell and the structures involved
2. -Describes the mechanisms of transport across membranes classified according to energy
expenditure.
3. - What is the difference between a gate voltage and ligand?
4. - In a table, tabulate the distribution of ions in the extracellular and intracellular compartments.
5.-Defines membrane potential or resting potential. What determines it? What ions involved? What
are their concentrations in intracellular and extracellular spaces?
Send the correct answers along with your personal
Detail (Full Name, Email and Group) to:
[email protected]
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Below are the results of the
exercises… comparing your
answers!
Were you able to find the 10 differences? ... Compare your results
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EE
NN
MM
YY
HH
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Ganong W. Fisiología Médica. 16º edición. Ed. Manual Moderno. 2002
Guyton – Hall. Fisiología Humana. 12º edición. Mc Graw-Hill interamericana Ed. 2010
Houssay B. Fisiología Humana. 2º edición. Ed “El Ateneo”
Montoreano R. Manual de Fisiología y Biofísica para estudiantes de Medicina. Ed Electrónica
2002.
Instituto de Hematopatología, Atlas de morfología y patogenia de las enfermedades
lisosomales, Carrillo-Farga Joaquín, Dr, Nava Aguilera María Luisa QBP. México 2011
pag.16
Instituto de Hematopatología, Atlas de morfología y patogenia de las enfermedades
lisosomales, Carrillo-Farga Joaquín, Dr, Nava Aguilera María Luisa QBP. México 2011
pag. 42
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