2000 - East Orange Public Library
Transcription
2000 - East Orange Public Library
<y 'P jirth f) 'JlC o n d e tiin ---- z ^ ^ if< c c r —T-*¥£^r S t if p d . y iP it L ^^ it & v ' ~*** . t/ v b v 'PENTNG • 9 . 'EN IN S £ n yu or This yearbook is dedicated to all the panthers who have come before us. 2become a dream not unremembered Outside the streets is world to conquer for some withered Of many places there is only one way to go Once you live life to the fullest and represent the 2 zero OO A SCROLL FOR THE WHOLE b y K h a d ija C ra d d o ck To look out the w ind ow w ithout the w o rld being separated by steel To hold money and your hands and say " I earned this" IS the must gracious gift and god's w ill To live life w ithout having to steal You made it for now But just don't go home and chill You graduated now life is real A world where no one cares how you feel But w e care Your class 2 zero O O and E.O. cares So make it there Leave a dent in this atmosphere Prove to yourself your more then the best That you oversee the rest And remember w ith life comes stress But don't let it define you And break your rhythm ic stroll There comes a time when someone w ill slow your roll Just use your knowledge as control It's a lot of turns and curves on this road Just stand up and be bold 14 • D ED IC ATIO N There's no struggle w ithout a fight And you only fail if you give up the fight A lw ays look to the light stay true to the light I w ant to see m y class take flight I know everyone is bright W hen there comes a time when things just isn't right W hat are you going to do? A re you going to live life and see things through? O r are you going to be a quitter Second to a w inner Leave something behind for these beginners O ur ancestors fought to hard and They fought to long for us to have w hat w e have The ones that's not w ith you now are the one's who didn't go to class N o w it's our turn to make it better for our generation The next generation and beyond that Because the im portance of education is dated w ay back Keep in mind that people hate you Because they're afraid of w hat you can do And when they try to rape you It's because they want control of you ^ e n io r C tn & i @ M ic e r& APAVide World Photos Rruters/Mikr .Vgar/Archnr Photos Reuters/Anthony Bolante/Archfve Photos EgyptAir Flight 990 crashes into the Atlantic y " ^ _ On October 12, the world’s official population Ocean on October 31. killing all 217 people hits 6 billion. The designated 6 billionth human on board. Although suspicious actions of a is a baby boy born in Sarajevo. pilot are under scrutiny by American and Egyptian officials, the cause of the crash AP/Wkk World I W remains a mvsterv. A As part of Rome’s continuing restoration, the city unveils a plan to create an 18,000-square-vard rambling space connecting the Imperial Forums with the Roman Forum. In an October coup, the Pakistani army dismisses f elected Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif and his government after Sharif announces the In September, more than removal of his powerful military chief, General 300,000 Japanese Pervaiz Musharraf. are checked for radiation exposure after an inadvertent nuclear reaction at a uranium processing plant. A Nearly a million ethnic Albanians flee Yugoslavia and thousands are killed after Serbs begin a violent ethnic cleansing campaign in 1998. Seventy-eight days of NATO bombing bring the war to an end in June. An international tribunal later charges Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic with crimes against humanity. APAV'ide W orld Photos Britain’s Prince Edward marries longtime girlfriend Sophie Rhys-Jones on June 19. Cuban Elian Gonzalez, 6, becomes the center of a bitter citizenship debate after surviving a November boat wreck off the Florida coast in which his mother dies. A In a violent October coup, gunmen storm the Armenian Parliament and assassinate Prime Minister Vazgen Sarkisian and six other top officials. 1999 A In India, two trains collide head-on in August, killing 285 people and injuring more than 300. It is one of the worst train disasters in the country’s history. Leonardo da Vinci’s “The Last Supper” is In September, Russia begins a military campaign unveiled in June after 21 years of restoration. against Chechen nationalists to regain control of The centimeter-by-centimeter rehabilitation the breakaway republic. More than 200,000 people Ik electronic microscopes. cost $7.7 million and involved flee the region, but a fierce rebel resistance stays to fight for control of the capital, Grozny. After almost nine years in power, Russian President Boris Yeltsin announces his resignation in January a 2000. Yeltsin names Prime Minister Vladimir Putin In June. Thabo Mbeki succeeds President Nelson acting president pending elections in March. Mandela, South Africa’s first democratically elected president. ■ *+ Archaeologists excavate 105 mummies in a 2,000-year-old underground Egyptian tomb believed to contain a total of 10.000 mummies. The necropolis will shed new light on the Greco-Roman era and will allow scholars to chart x In September and October, powerful earthquakes demographic data strike around the globe, killing 15,000 people in and the incidence Turkey, 1,450 in Taiwan and at least 122 in Greece. of disease. Kenneth Garrett/NGS image Collection A tropical depression producing heavy rain hits Mexico in November. The resulting floods kill more than 350 people and cause 100,000 to evacuate. In August, the U.S. pays $4.5 million to victims of NATO's accidental bombing of the Chinese embassy in Belgrade. Three Chinese are killed and 27 are wounded in the May 1999 bombing. A On December 31, the U.S. returns control of A In December, torrential rains cause Venezuela’s the Panama Canal to Panama. Opened to the worst natural disaster of the century. Mudslides world in 1914, the canal is considered one of and flash floods kill up to 30,000 people, while the greatest construction achievements in damage estimates run into the billions of dollars. American history. Cartoonist Charles M. Schulz retires in January As a way to boost tourism, Chicago displays 2000, bringing an end to PEANUTS, America’s 301 life-size, fiberglass cows decorated by local most popular comic strip for almost 50 years. artists. The public art exhibit lasts all summer Schulz dies in February, the night before his last until the cows are auctioned for charity. strip runs in the national newspapers. In July, John F. Kennedy Jr., 38, his wife, Carolyn Bessette Kennedy, 33, and her sister, Lauren PEANUTS C U ntied F eature Syi Bessette, 34, die in an airplane crash in the Atlantic Ocean near Martha’s Vineyard. Kennedy, a relatively inexperienced pilot, is believed to have become disoriented in heavy fog. Lewis and Clark’s Native American guide Sacagawea is featured on a new gold-colored dollar coin Hurricane Floyd released into circulation strikes the East in early 2000. Coast in September, killing 51 people and Beginning in 1999, the U.S. Mint destroying over f 4,000 homes. North releases specially designed state quarters, the first Carolina is hardest / V hit with total damages five representing _ estimated at a record Connecticut, ' $6 billion. The drought of 1999 causes severe damage to r New Jersey. By 2008, ' V ’v*Vr>;<S each state will have Northeastern and mid-Atlantic farms. Several states impose mandatory water use restrictions and emergency federal loans are made available i*:j ) Georgia, Delaware, sy Pennsylvania and J its own quarter. in Maryland, Pennsylvania, Kentucky, Ohio, Virginia and West Virginia. In August, a rare tornado strikes downtown Salt Lake City. Winds up to 112 miles per hour make it Utah’s second-worst tornado in history. In July, Air Force Colonel Eileen Collins, 42, becomes the first woman to command a U.S. space shuttle mission. A President Clinton announces the removal of the American bald eagle from the endangered species list. In 1999, there are over 5,800 breeding pairs, an increase from 417 in 1963. 1999 In November, a 60-foot log tower collapses at - Texas A&M University, killing 12 students and injuring 27. The tower was to be burned at a traditional bonfire pep rally. On April 20,1999, the nation mourns after two students go on a shooting rampage at Columbine In an effort to ease the burden on the traditional f courts, most states now offer teen court for High School in Colorado, wounding 23 and killing juvenile offenders. After determining guilt, a jury of 15, including themselves. Schools across the teens along with a judge decides the sentence, country take extensive security measures to typically community service and financial restitution. ensure the safety of students and staff. In November, protesters at the World Trade ' Organization (WTO) summit in Seattle provoke a show of force by local, state and federal officers. Despite Protesters blame the WTO for eroding human 30 years rights and labor and environmental standards. of official denial, in December a jury finds the assassination of Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. was the result of a conspiracy, not the act of a lone gunman. _^L An epidemic of rampage shootings intensifies America’s growing concern over gun control. Many state legislatures pass new gun-control measures despite nationwide controversy over restrictions vs. Second Amendment rights. In August, a female panda is born at the San Diego Zoo. Hua Mei, which can mean “ China USA" or “Splendid Beauty," is the first panda born in the Western Hemisphere in nearly a decade. H o w ’* "» V In the first such admission by a cigarette manufacturer, Philip Morris publicly concedes tobacco is addictive and can cause serious diseases. Hillary Clinton announces her candidacy for a U.S. Senate seat from New York. As law requires, Clinton establishes New York residency in suburban Chappaqua. d e p o r t A A bumper sticker invites drivers to call a In September, Microsoft Corp. Chairman Bill Gates toll-free number to report reckless driving. and his wife Melinda announce the creation of the Officials hope the system will help parents stay Gates Millennium Scholars Program. The Gateses informed about their teenagers’ driving habits. will donate $1 billion over the next 20 years to finance scholarships for minority college students. FEELit technologv' allows users to experience fifteen-year-old Amber Ramirez undergoes surgery computer technology’ through their mouse. Users in which half of her brain is removed to stop the can “ feel" buttons, text, the weight of a stuffed spread of a rare neurological disease. Doctors hope the remaining portion of Ramirez's brain will desktop folder and the groove of a scroll bar. compensate for the removed tissue. A In August, NASA releases photos from the Chandra • ^ p X-ray orbiting telescope of a hot cloud of gas from a star that exploded more than three centuries ago. The telescope took 23 years and $1 billion to develop. In an epilepsy treatment breakthrough, surgeons implant a “ pacemaker" into the chest with a seizure-preventing nerve stimulator connected to the brain. The computer-controlled, battery-powered unit can last up to five years. A The Java Ring contains a computer chip providing ■ ^ p electronic access into buildings for students. A The body of a 23,000-year-old woolly mammoth is ■ ^ p discovered in October frozen in the Russian tundra. Eventually the ring could be used as a library card, Study of the preserved fur, organs and soft tissue digital wallet, electronic ID and authentication for could unlock the mystery of why the species died out. Cyberonics. Inc. students' online homework. Researchers announce in July the creation of a cancerous human cell by genetically altering a normal one. This significant breakthrough is an important step toward developing drugs that could potentially wipe out cancer. In December, IBM announces a $100 million research initiative to build a supercomputer 500 times more powerful than current models. A In August, U.S. surgeons begin using computerenhanced robotic technology for heart bypass surgery. Because the chest cavity is never opened, this technique reduces pain and shortens recovery time. 1999 A On August 11, the last total solar eclipse of ■ ^ p the millennium crosses the globe. Thousands of people from Canada to India experience daytime darkness during which the moon completely covers the sun. The jawbones of two kangaroo-sized dinosaurs are discovered in Madagascar in October. Dated Researchers at to the early Triassic period, 230 million years Massachusetts ago, the bones could be the oldest dinosaur General Hospital fossils ever found. reveal in July that they have successfully regenerated the central nervous system of lab rats with severed spinal cords. Applications for human paralysis treatment are very encouraging. * Parents, with help from their doctor, select the gender of their baby using a technique called MicroSort, which separates X-bearing (female-determining) and Y-bearing (male-determining) sperm. The success rate is about 92 percent for females and In October, 69 percent for males. biologists isolate one of the enzymes that MEDICAL A new board game, S T A T IO N sets Alzheimer’s disease in motion. This scientific Infection, hits stores in July^ discovery will Fun and educational, players race around the board lead to new catching diseases, described in detail, and trying to treatments and, be cured. possibly, a cure. Over 4 million In October, Sea Launch Company, a multi-national " consortium, launches the first commercial satellite into space from a floating platform in the Pacific Americans, including former President Ronald Ocean. Boeing is a major partner in the venture, Reagan, are living along with companies in Russia, Ukraine and Norway. with the disease. In June, scientists announce the creation of two new elements. The nucleus of new, super-heavy element 118 decays into element 116 within a millisecond. Scientists studying Albert Einstein’s preserved brain report it has unique characteristics. The region governing mathematical ability and spatial reasoning is significantly larger than normal. A Researchers report they have successfully altered the learning and memory behavior of mice by inserting a gene into their brains. This genetic-engineering breakthrough may be helpful in treating human learning disorders and Alzheimer's disease. To mark the 30th anniversary of the first moon ■landing, astronaut Neil Armstrong’s lunar footprint is featured on a 1999 postage stamp. Airlines oegm insiainng eiaoorate in-mgnt entertainment systems that allow passengers to watch movies, play computer games, listen to names-power beads, mood beads and prayer music, read headlines or browse the Internet. beads. Many sellers claim the beads boost Kri. Satiricr/Uuson Agf no tranquility, energy, creativity and intelligence. Cosmetic companies increasingly use ■entertainment celebrities instead of models for their advertisements. Sarah Michelle Gellar, Jennifer love Hewitt, Jennifer Lopez and Shania Twain are among the celebs who appear in ads. A A continuation of the W cargo pants trend, messenger bags with With the huge CELL PHONES pockets galore hang at the hips of teens increase in cell phones, many everywhere. PARK cities enact laws restricting their use while driving. Restaurants and theaters are also requiring patrons to turn phones off as a courtesy to others. A In August, a Levi Strauss & Co. megastore opens in San Francisco. The store features a hot tub where shoppers can soak in their jeans for the perfect fit and a computer-scanning system to help customers get the right size. In December, Honda introduces Insight, a car that combines a conventional gasoline engine with a small electric motor, decreases ozone and carbon dioxide emissions and gets 80 mpg. A Courtesy Aromapharmacy Several companies offer “digital wallets for teens who want to shop online but don’t have credit cards. Parents deposit money into an online account; then teens can spend the money at designated Web sites. Apple Computer introduces its new iBook laptop k in September. The super-slim, neon-colored | c o m e s in amber glass containers and looks like A new line of scented candles called Aromapharmacy units follow the highly successful launch of the prescription drug bottles with creative names such translucent iMac desktop. as Ritalert, Cramprin and Valiumello. with the new Roller Cycle Personal Power Accelerator featuring a 1.5-hp-driven wheel. An Shawls and wraps show up everywhere optional spiked rubber tire for traction makes it in the fashion also possible to use while cross-country skiing. world. Hollywood A Wireless Web access becomes a reality in September when Sprint PCS announces the first nationwide wireless data service. Shortly thereafter, several other providers debut similar service for hand-held Web phones. Stretchy nylon jewelry that looks like skin tattoos is a big hit in 1999. The nylon bands are worn around necks, wrists, A Gap TV arms and ankles, advertisement and come in for vests starts a trend across several colors. America that has teenagers wearing the fashionable sleeveless jackets. ^ Several rappers start their own clothing lines, p making hip-hop wear big business. Popular I | i artist labels include FUBU, Roc-A-Wear, Phat Farm, Wu Wear, Sean John and X-Large. Teenagers need an average of nine hours and 15 minutes of sleep a night, according to research at Brown University's Bradley Hospital. The study also shows a direct correlation between school grades and duration of sleep. An influx of dot-com companies advertise on television. Ads during the Super Bowl sell for an average of $2.2 million per 30-second commercial. A Magellan, a satellite navigation system for A A growing number of U.S. school cafeterias offer motorists, offers complete U.S. mapping data, pruneburgers, a healthy low-fat combination voice and visual instructions in seven languages, of hamburger and prune puree. Other prune turn-by-turn directions and a library of points items in the works include hot dogs, pizza sauce, of interest. barbecue sauce and gingerbread cookies. Video game fans snap up a record 15,000 copies ^ ABC's summer fill-in quiz show “Who Wants of Sega's highly anticipated Dreamcast system in ^ to Be a Millionaire," with host Regis Philbin, returns in November and is a huge hit with the first 24 hours after its launch in September. viewers. By January 2000, several major networks launch quiz shows of their own. A The Sixth Sense with Bruce Willis and Haley Joel Osment is the No. 1box office hit for five consecutive weekends in the summer. After 19 Launched in January 1999, MTVs 'The Tom Green nominations, Show" becomes one of the season's most popular Susan Lucci finally shows. The Canadian host's bizarre man-on-the- wins an Emmy street pranks are the show's main attraction. Award for best actress in a daytime drama series for her role as Erica Kane on the ABC soap opera “All My Children.” A The Blair Witch Project, the year’s surprise movie hit, is the documentary-style footage of three students lost in the Maryland woods and threatened by the presumed Blair Witch. The film costs $100,000 to make and grosses $140 million. Tom Hanks and Tim Allen return as the voices of Woody and Buzz Lightyear in the animated feature Toy Story 2. The sequel breaks box-office records during its Thanksgiving release and wins a Golden Globe award. in a botched stunt, WWF wrestler Owen Hart falls from the rafters at Kemper Arena and dies in front of 16,300 fans. A Jennifer Love Hewitt leaves “Party of Five" to star in her own Fox television drama, ‘Time of Your Life.’’ In June, Mike Myers’ sequel Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me proves to be a bigger hit The show focuses on Hewitt’s character trying than the 1997 original. Dr. Evil’s alter ego Mini-Me to make it in New York while searching for her biological father. is extremely popular even though he has no lines. A American Beauty, starring Kevin Spacev, Annette **4- ^ Bening and Thora Birch, captures the Golden Globe Best Drama Award. The dark satire of In December, actor Jim Carrey suburbia and family dysfunction receives a total portrays zany of six Golden Globe nominations. comedian Andy Kaufman in Man on the Moon. Carrey wins a Golden Globe award for his Photofr.il performance. A The new arcade game Guitar Freaks features two guitar controllers and a screen to help players follow along to popular songs. Medusa, the world’s first floorless roller coaster, opens in August at Six Flags Great Adventure in New Jersey. Set in 1980, the critically acclaimed NBC The 4,000-foot, - show “ Freaks and Geeks” follows two groups toe-dangling of teens trying to make their way through ride has enough high school. drops, loops, rolls and The long-awaited prequel Star Wars'. Episode I The corkscrews ’ Phantom Menace hits theaters in May 1999, taking to thrill in a record-breaking $28.5 million on its opening every rider. day and going on to gross more than $420 million. The Everett Collection Michael J. Fox announces in January 2000 he will leave the popular ABC sitcom “Spin City” at the end of the season to promote awareness of Parkinson’s disease in hopes of finding a cure. After 10 seasons, Fox cancels the hit show “Beverly Hills, 90210." The show followed characters through high school, college and careers. A In September, the New Roc City entertainment A The Talented Mr. Ripley, starring Matt Damon, center opens in New York. The complex includes Gwyneth Paltrow, Jude Law and Cate Blanchett. an amusement park ride on the roof, two skating opens in December and earns popular and rinks, 19 movie screens, restaurants, an arcade, a critical praise. health club, a supermarket and a hotel. U.S. sales of music by Latin artists shoot up Superstar Mariah Carey releases Rainbow in 48 percent in the first quarter of 1999 thanks November and begins a world tour in February to artists such as Ricky Martin, Jennifer Lopez, 2000. Carey is named Billboard Music Awards Artist of the Decade and is awarded the distinguished Enrique Iglesias and Marc Anthony. Reuters/Hrvoje PoUrMrchivc Photos American Music Award of Achievement. A Released in June, Santana’s Supernatural shoots up the Billboard album chart, sells over 6 million copies, and earns 10 Grammy nominations. Saturday Night Live: The MusicalPerformances Volumes I and 2 are + Britney Spears' album ...Baby released in September. One More Time is The CDs feature 30 of the the second-best- 600 musical acts that have selling album appeared on SNL over the of 1999, earning past 25 years. Spears the Billboard Music Awards Female and New Artist of the Year Awards. A Limp Bizkit leads the way in the resurgence of ■ rock music, along with Kid Rock and Korn. In September, MTV showcases the trend by airing “ 1999- Return of the Rock,” which examines the history and future of rock music. Sheryl Crow, Eric Clapton and the Dixie Chicks are a few musicians who rock Central Park in a first-ever trimulcast concert seen and heard on the radio, television and Internet. TlitfOrii/iilalSuimtltr.n ft tram vidBaEttmtf A Computer games feature big music stars on their soundtracks. Sheryl Crow contributes her More than 1 million viewers tune in each weekday to vote on their favorite videos on MTV’s “Total Request Live” with host Carson Daly and popular musical guests. A Backstreet Boys’ Millennium wins the Billboard -€p- Music Awards Album of the Year and becomes talent to the Tomorrow NeverDies soundtrack, the best-selling album of the year with over 10 Metallica to Hot Wheels Turbo Racing and million copies sold. Naughty by Nature to NBA Live 2000. “ NetAid,"a concert dedicated to relieve hunger and poverty, airs live in October on MTV, VH1, Lou Bega’s the BBC, as well as radio stations in 120 rhythmic “Mambo nations, making it the widest-heard musical No. 5” hits the performance in history. Top 40 in August after selling 2 million copies overseas and topping the chart in 15 countries. A In a strange twist, Garth Brooks releases the album The Life of Chris Gaines in which he pretends to Shania Twain becomes be a fictional rock star. Gaines will be the main the first woman since character in a movie called The Lamb, currently 1986 to win the Country in development. Music Association’s Entertainer of the Year Award at the 33rd annual awards show. MP3, technology that compresses sound into a very small file, becomes a popular alternative to the CD. MP3 files are downloaded from the Internet onto computers or portable player units, making it possible to take a personal music selection anywhere. x ™ VHl’s “Concert of the Century” spotlights the importance of music education in schools. The all-star show includes Lenny Kravitz, Sheryl Crow, Eric Clapton and B.B. King, as well as high-profile actors. After a successful New Year’s Eve reunion performance, the Judds begin their first tour in almost 10 years in February 2000. Since they disbanded in 1991, Naomi has recovered from Hepatitis C. Best New Artist Grammy nominee Christina Aguilera gives an exciting performance during the Super Bowl XXXIV halftime show. Fiona Apple releases her long-awaited second ■album to rave reviews in November and begins a tour in February 2000. The album features a 90-word title, which is commonly shortened to When the Pawn. 000 Rick\’ Martin takes the music industry by storm ■after his show-stopping performance at the 1999 Grammy Awards show. Martin's first chart-topping single, “ Livin’ la Vida Loca,” helps him win the Billboard Music Award for Male Artist of the Year. The Dallas Stars beat the Buffalo Sabres 2-1 in July. Armstrong, who survived a three-year in triple overtime to win the 1999 Stanley Cup battle with testicular cancer, becomes the championship, four games to two. second American to win the event. David Cone of the New York Yankees pitches a perfect game against the Montreal Expos in July. Cone’s feat is the 14th perfect game in modern baseball history. ™ Golf champion Payne Stewart is In September, killed in a bizarre tennis phenom airplane accident Serena Williams, in October. After 17, overpowers the airplane’s Martina Hingis takeoff from to win the 1999 Florida, an U.S. Open title. apparent loss of cabin pressure incapacitates everyone aboard. The aircraft flies on autopilot for four hours until it runs out of fuel A The St. Louis Rams stop the Tennessee Titans and crashes in at the 1-yard line on a final play to save their South Dakota. 23-16 Super Bowl XXXIV victor)'. Both Detroit Lions running back Barry Sanders and German tennis star Steffi Graf announce their retirement in 1999. On February 7, 2000, Tiger Woods wins his sixth consecutive PGA Tour event, tying Ben Hogan’s 1948 winning record. A The Houston Comets earn their third straight WNBA championship in September, beating the New York Liberty 59-47 to win in three straight games. 199 9 A Dale Jarrett wins the 1999 NASCAR Winston Cup championship after a four-victory season. Anare Agassi wins the french upen in June and becomes the fifth man ever to complete a In the January career Grand Slam. Agassi goes on to win the 2000 Sugar Bowl, U.S. Open in September. No. I Florida State beats No. 2 Virginia Tech 46-29 to capture the National Championship. TYavis Pastrana, 15, wins the gold medal in the X f Games’ inaugural Moto X freestyle motocross event. The fifth year of this ESPN-sponsored competition A is held in San Francisco in June and July. In July, the U.S. women’s soccer team wins the 1999 World Cup by beating China 5-4 in penalty In June, kicks following a 0-0 tie. More than 90,000 fans the San attend at the Rose Bowl and another 40 million Antonio Spurs win watch on television. their first NBA championship by defeating the New York Knicks four games to one. ^ The New York Yankees win the 1999 World Series in a four-game sweep against the Atlanta Braves. AP/Wide World Photos In July, many major league baseball umpires announce their resignation as a labor protest. The strategy backfires when owners accept the resignations and in September, 22 umpires lose their jobs. In January 2000, Michael Jordan returns to pro basketball as part owner and President for Basketball Operations of the NBA’s Washington Wizards. a The U.S. team beats the European team to win ■ fp " golf’s Ryder Cup at Brookline, Massachusetts, in September. The American's stirring comeback T\venty-year professional hockey veteran Wayne ' Gretzky announces his retirement in April 1999 after setting or tying 61 records. Two months is marred by unruly galleries and a premature later, “The Great One" is inducted into the victory celebration. Hockey Hall of Fame. ClocKiower Ottawa, Canada Pyramids H Pat nek Robert/ Corbis Syynu Reuters/Jim Youn^Arrhive Photos Cairo, Egypt As time zones welcome the new millennium on January 1, the world celebrates with grandeur, pageantry and spectacular fireworks. President Clinton gives a hopeful speech in the minutes before midnight at the Washington Monument, and 2 million people gather in Times Square to watch the specially built 1,000-pound Waterford Reuters/Anthony Bolanle/Archive Photos crystal ball drop at midnight. The Eiffel Tower Paris, France Space Needle Seattle, Washington Reuters/Jim Bour^ Archive Photos Stevr LsvCorbis Sygma The public and private sectors spend hundreds of millions of dollars to ward off the Y2K bug. The world lets out a sigh of relief after midnight strikes and no major computer malfunctions occur. The FBI warns of possible terrorist acts on New Year’s Eve and stays on national alert throughout the celebration. After the arrest of one man with bomb-making materials, Seattle decides to cancel its Space Needle celebration. A Fearing the collapse of the world’s banks, utilities and transportation systems, thousands of people stock up on food, water, money, ammunition and generators. After midnight, it soon becomes apparent that the preparations were unnecessary. A surprising number of people, appalled by the ■exorbitant costs of travel and events, decide to stay home on New Year's Eve. Many companies and performers drastically slash prices as a last-minute lure. Primed in USA. © 2000 Jostens. Inc. 990381 (1742) A rlyn A breu M arc A lcide, Jr. Jonise A lexandre K am ini O. A lexandre T anisa A llan Shideline A lten or C hinonso A nyanw u C harisse L. Ates Terry A. A ustin A ndrea K. A yers K arina Y. Baez Shakeem ah A. Bailey H eneryatta Ballah M ichael R. B arner Sam aad Barnes M atthew Beason M elissa Blake C hristopher B ow m an A yanna Brady G ilm er Bristol X rd k tj's, V f ik o Biggest Flirt Shonda Burr and Lamar Tidzvell Most Likely To Succeed Matthew Powell and Khadija Craddock Most Shy Natalie Colin George Chang 0 U&& fit 2000 Best Dressed LaQuan Hargrove Jennifer Solise Most Athletic Kiona King Cnrtis Johnson Most School Spirit Class Clown Kiona King and James Taylor Michael Colclough Shantay Simpson Janine Brow n Shauna Brow n D onicha Bryant Q uadil B ryant Shonda Burr Taw ana N. Burton John Bynum Estelle G. C abrera M ichael C am pbell K halilah Carey Jihad C ham pion G eorge E. C hang M ichael R. Colclough N atalie Colin H idiyah Copeland K hadija Craddock K halilah C raddock R asheed C raw ford Esther D atus Kenneth M. Davoren Elaliene D ernier Florence G. D orbor Robin O. D ouglas Stael D um esle Isheaba K. Ellis G entyl R. Evans M innie Evans Ebony Fitzgerald Latoya A. Frye Enrique G arretson W illiam L. G arrett T aneesha A. Gillard Sophia M. G laspie Esther G uerrier O scar G uillaum e A lm aleak Hall Laquan H argrove Shedrick L. H arris Chicole M. Hedgebeth Nicole M. Hedgebeth Carla Edw ards \ Greatest Smile Al-Qumar Brookins and Shantay Simpson r $ f a Friendliest Michael Colclough and Kiona King Most Ambitous Most Talkative Lavern Williams and Michael Colclough Shantay Simpson Michael Campbell C U & S 0^ 2 0 0 0 Most Talented Most Artistic Khalilah Craddock and Jermonte Rushing Jerome Nure and Khalilah Craddock Academics Annica Riley Matthew Powell 20 0 0 K eturah J. H icks Patricia H ilaire K evin H ogan Isaiah M. H olm es Sam antha N. Hoyte N ikia Jackson C urtis W . Johnson Elizabeth F. Johnson K ifarah C. Jam ieson L o u lo u se Je a n -P h ilip p e K elly Jeune Shakirah Johnson Keyana Jones Sahirah T. Jones Jud elin e Joseph V enus Joseph Dana K ilpatrick G erard King K endra Y. K ing jt r K iona F. K ing Latoya King K aleena Koon W eden S. LaBorde A m ielle V. Lew in Shaquanna F. Lloyd Carolyn S. M cIntyre Richard M cPherson ▼ A Leora L. Lodge Elsie D. M acLean Na'Shante Mallard Phillip M ondestin Lawrence F. M orency D onstell E. Noel Jerom e L. N urse W isly O dige \ r$ k o Most Outspoken Melissa Blake Most Popular Michael Campbell Gerard King and Kendra King Best Looking Al-Qumar Brookins and Kendra King CUss 0^2000 Class Leader Most Interesting Khadija Craddock Michael Campbell Kiona King and James Taylor Mr. & Mrs. Personality Gerard King Kiona King Best Couple Elizabeth Jolmnson and Jihad Champion A chior A. O liver Shaleen Parker Lakeem a Patilla Ericka Pena Cynthia Person M arie S. Pierre M atthew A. Powell N atasha T. Pow ell M arquis R. Pullins John Q uiones Steeve Rene M arie Y ves R ichards A nthony J. R ogers Em m anuella Romain Jam eson R om ain M ichael Rousley Jerm onte R. Rushing H erve Saim m e D alitza Sanchez K elvin Santos Lash aw na Scott Najwah S. Sim pson Shantay Sim pson A nw ar ]. Sims Lynette Sloan Shalonda Sm ith Tashyah Sm ith Jen n ifer C. Solise Precella M. Speid M elissa T. Spencer M arcia J. Stevenson D anita Story Bonita C. Strong N asr Sw iney N icole S. Sykes A urora T aylor r~ Loulouse Thelemaque Jam es A. T aylor R enee S. T higpen K hary T hom as Sam antha Thom as S E N IO R S • 29 X rfiA o 's {rfiA c t Best Friends Ramone Jenkins, Danny Thompson, Anthony Rogers and Fitzroy Forbes Did Most For The Class of 2000 & Team Leader Kiona King and James Taylor C U & & pfr 2 0 0 0 Best Friends Khalilah Craddock, Shonda Burr and Khadija Craddock D anny T hom pson Lam ar T idw ell A nica W . T orres T i-N isha T ow nsend Nicole Treasure O dain Trottm an Jenayah T ucker C ooper V ergelin Lordy J. V olcy Jeff V oltaire Shaw n W hew is T aejon W hitehurst C had W illiam s C hanttel W illiam s N ot Pictured Lavern A. W illiam s Tao K. W illiam s M ichael W illis Jared J. W orthy Carella T. Barrett Kenneth Bingham Luckens Bo livar H an if Bow ley Al-Qum ar Brookins Robert Brow n Dennise K. Cam pbell Chike T. Chiedu Jonathan C o lvin Vernetta Dash Shalonda Dashiell Kevin W .D avis Em m anuel M. Denis M ichael Duncan Ekpe Ekpe-Idang Noubelta Etienne Ju liu s Finch Fitzroy Forbes, Jr. Tajuana Gist Robert E. Goins H adiyah M . Graham Keisha J. H older H arold Hum phries Ernst Jacques Frantz Jacques M yriam e Jacques Nadege Jacques Krystal Jenkins Ram one Jenkins Keon A. Johnson Ronkeen Johnson Carolina M . Manzano M elissa M cD aniel Kern L. M cK elvey Louis T. M cKenzie G erald M ingo Saleem J. M oate Tylisha M . M osby Aaron Nelum s Canes Noel Hearns Paul Kathleen Pierre Ja ri Porter Annica R iley Ronald Robinson, Jr. Tanisha L. Robinson Cedric Sweet Andre R. Taylor, Jr. Yaxaia K.W ilkerson Kalandra W ilson Jam al R. W oodw ard Rueben W rig h t Sabreen W right Yusef S. Young Ctas>s> fit 2000 ~ Last Will and Testament for students... by students We, the classof 2000, would like to leave "The Dream Builders Affirmation" Dream-Builder’s Affirmation i I WILL LOOK BEYOND THE PROBLEMS TO THE SOLUTIONS I WILL LOOK BEYOND THE OBSTACLES TO THE OPPORTUNITIES I WILL LOOK BEYOND THE IMPOSSIBLE TO THE POSSIBILITIES I WILL LOOK BEYOND THE DARKNESS TO THE LIGHT WHEN OTHERS DOUBT I WILL PROVIDE COURAGE AND INSPIRATION WHEN OTHERS QUIT I WILL DEMONSTRATE STRENGTH AND DETERMINA TION I CANNOT DO EVERYTHING BUT I CAN DO SOMETHING WHAT I CAN DO, I MUST DO WHAT I MUST DC, I WILL ______ (Z la s s oj 2001 ______________ £ooz f-o ssv ZOOZ ssv;^> /— — */\ cinxlnlsPiatlon ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \ 5 U P E R I N T E N D E N T Dr. John Howard, Jr. Assistant Superintendent Personnel and Labor Assistant Superintendent Research Development Dr. Kenneth D. King Dr. Orval S. Toldahl Board President Executive Director Sheila Oliver Dr. Robert F. Penna ✓ A jA dm inisttation p R I N C I P A L Dr. Robert B. Morgan r ------ - 1 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\ */\ dm inisttation k -------------------------- ----- -- Iw -.......... Assistant Principal Assistant Principal Sharon Alsbrook Irenaeus Isajiw Assistant Principal Assistant Principal Sally McGrath Katerina Richardson ^ a c u itx f Thomas Aikens ROTC Susan Axt Home Econom ics Karen Akutekha Science M ichelle BeU-Herron Life Skills Philippe Armand M ath Angela A rm erding G uidance Anthony Bortnick Business Linda Bradberry Life Skills Aide Louise Brew ington G uidance Jam es Cacciabeve Industrial Arts Shirley Bryant Business Shrivgropaul Budhu Math Christine Byers Math Damien Carpenter Creative Education Barbara Cobb Creative Education Ellen Cohen Social Studies Charm aine Colem an English Renee Colem an Creative Education ^ a c u ity Paul Coon Foreign Language M abel Curry Foreign Language Robert Curry Art Earlton K. Davis Math Dim itri Dewes Math Deborah Douglas Social Studies Richard Forchion ROTC Roger Gaw e Science Linda Goldm an ESL Dorothy Grant Life Skills Aide Jeanette Griffin Business Gerald Guhl Science Richard Hapvvard Science Christine Harris Job Developer fa c u lty > Keith Hinton P h ys./D riv er Ed. Daron H oges Creative Education D iane H olm es-D ouglas Creative Education M argaret I. Igunw onyi Creative Education W illiam Iyizoba A w areness Counselor Harry Jam es Athletic D ir./P h v s. Ed. Jean Jam es Library Wanda Jam es English Theodore Jenkins English Gaby Jeryes ESL Bernadine Jiggetts Social Studies N icholas Joanow G uidance N ichole Jones Life Skills Aide Rom elia Jones English Jack Karam anol Industrial Arts Maria Kelly English Casandra Manuel English Theresa Maughan Social Studies Ana M elvin ESL Aide Elizabeth M ohr English O llie King Hom e Econom ics Courtenaye Lawrence Foreign Language M onique Lecorps ESL Janet M cClouden B u sin ess/Y rb k Adv. Ronald McDonald Physical Education Delores M eliani Math Oneka M ends-Cole Creative Education Allison M iller Life Skills Chris M iller Physical Education W illie M iller Creative Education Frederick D. M oore Health/Physical Ed. M ichael M oreau Child Study Team Juanita M organ G uidance Tania M yrtil Math fa c u lty Fred Ndukvve Science Gilda Norwood Science Esohe O gbem udia M ath W illiam O lson Social Studies M oreen Park English Sw am Pasricha Science Suryakant Patel Science Marsha Pickette Art Brenda Porter N urse Fred Puhlfuerst Industrial Arts Gene Rampone Guidance Grace Robinson Foreign Language Steve Rosenberg Social Studies W illia Royster G uidance Jam es Sakofsky Music Adrienne Santola English Daniyah Saud Bldg. Sub. Mohamed Shahabudeen Math Sandra Sharp B u siness/Y rb k. Mgr. Barnette Savitz Social Studies Bernice Shor Life Skills Janis Sledge English Martha Springs Business Brenda Sykes ROTC Deborah Sykes-Fain Science Patricia Tarashuk Social Studies Eleanor Vick English Mary Louise Viquez Library Catherine W alsh C reative Education Jay W heeler Television Production Cornelius W hitaker Creative Education M ary Ann W ichow ski Business Frederick W illiam s English J a m a l W illia m s o n Physical Ed./Football Coadi \ Penelope W oodland Guidance M argaret Yobbi English Patricia York G uidance Gayle Young-Muhammad Health 2000 y / v m / i ♦ p Bernadette Cheek A ssistant Secretary V Teresa G reene A ssistant Secretary Tivo Vonda H older A ssistant Secretary Lois Sm ith Head Secretary IjtokfAnd Grace W eaver Assistant Secretary Dorothy Callaw ay Attendance O fficer ^ y e c u tltu Keith Benson Tyrone Craw ley Rose D avis-Younger Isaiah Jackson Lyonel Louissaint Artish Sturdivant, Head Custodian Jam es Eady Kevin Moore Robin Green Earl Foote Gerald Watson Angela Ferguson Daniel Davis Malik McPherson Robert Smith Luis Leon E. Goodwin D. Stone R. Jones H. Kirkland D. Ferguson D. Martin D. Smith 52 • CUSTODIANS & CAFETERIA STAFF L__________________________________________________________________________________ £ > e n l o t jA t t i s P i u \ 54 • SEN IOR ARTISTRY S e n lo t /Iz tte ttu cHomecomituj Homecoming King and Queen Kiona King & John Bynum — Senior Princess Kendra King Junior Princess Tashiera Howard Sophomore Princess Brandy Pray Freshmen Princess Najah Hughes O M E C O M IN G • 57 (Z a n d u is First Aid Club Interact Club Audio Club « a it f Student Council Trick & Fancy Drill Team C LUBS • 61 Academic Excellence Club & Team Yearbook Staff Basic Drill Team Color Guard V .o u d e ^ t h a n Cadet Staff International Computer Club Health Career Club Choir i Catering Club CLUBS • 65 Future Business Leaders of America Junior Class Officers Cooperative Business Education/FBLA National Young Leaders Conference Club Photography Club National Honor Society N A T IO N A L H O N O R SOCIETY French Library Cosmopolitan Club Comic Book Club vav fo o tb a ll 2000 FOOTBALL TEAM SENIORS C3 keetleadln$ 2000 CHEERLEADING SQUAD S o ccer 2000 BOYS SOCCER TEAM ^ t e n n is 2000 GIRLS TENNIS TEAM SENIOR TEAM MEMBER _ Basketball r \ v _________________ y Volleyball Band " r a e n H' ► C o ^ f l & J t < « f i O W V| ( 3 M &{AbUAiW !l jb u G o G f i i t L u^iVie W ) m 78 l l . . . iiM GOOD LUCK AND MUCH SU C C ESS EAST ORANGE HIGH SCHOOL CLASS OF 2000 MAYOR ROBERT L. BO W SER T O G ET H ER WE CAN REBUILD EAST ORANGE" Christian Bible Center Family Church H u l l CllLlg -Pb t'Cjfk D'J 5 uJ>3tti.D C b Dr. Sham m ah W om ack, Pastor c/o 4 3 0 Franklin Street Bloomfield Township, New Jersey Republic Life Line (9 7 3 ) 7 4 8 - 0 0 9 0 JAMES A. TAYLOR & CLASS OF 2000 MUCH SU C C ESS IN YOUR FUTURE. ALWAYS STRIVE FOR THE B E S T ... NEVER SETTLE FOR LESS!!! MS. KIRKLAND AND I.H. STAFF To Ju d elin e Sf Venus Jo se p h , Don't ever forget that you are unique. Find your strengths and use them in a positive way. You have to make changes to make your dream s happen. Make friends with people who respect you as you are. Also, take time to be alone with yourself, so that you can know just how terrific your own com pany can be. Being alone doesn't mean being lonely, it is a way to find out more about yourself. Love Mom and Dad Esther Querrier, Congratulations Lam ar Tidwell Love, Mommy Years went by so fast, you are not our little girl anymore. Wishing you the best in all you do. Congratulations! Love Mom, Dad and Will. Shawn, Congratulations to you th e C la s s o f Congratulations Esther and good luck for the 2 triple 0. Love Herby Lewis. 2000 . Lo ve, The S k ip p e r & Woods Fam ilies M ana, U n c le G r e g , R e g g ie , C h a u n c e y , Tamara, Edward, Tahisha, Ju lia , Je n e e ' & flikki - the dog. Shawn Wayne Lewis Shawn, Take charge of your life! You can do anything with God. Rem em ber - "All things work together for good to them that love God, to them that are called according to His purpose." (Romans 8:28) Change the world! You can through Him who loves you. As you believe on Him, greater works shallyoudo! (John 14:12) God Bless You Always Love, Aunt Linda Love, Mom & Dad To Ja n in e My baby girl grew to be sen sitive yet sensible, caring, considerate, responsible, self-reliant & independent. A few of the reasons why 1 am a proud father of such a lovely daughter. I'm proud of you. Love, Daddy Congratulation To Ja n in e Qod blessed me when royally when we m ade you. Mo m other on this earth can be m ore proud than me of you. You mean everything to me. Ood bless you in any and all endeavors you go through in life and know in your heart and head that I am behind you 100 percent. Congratulations On Your Graduation Mom Congratulations Sam antha Hoyte Melissa Blake And The Class Of 2000! May God Bless You And Keep You Class Of 2000 Love Mom From Sophia Sealy And Congratulations To our granddaughter, Melissa Blake and the Class of 2000 follow your dreams always. Mr. &■ Mrs. Blake Congratulations Jan in e, I knew you could do it. Stay smart and strive for the best, never settle for the less. Delores i i H Congratulations Seniors! Good Luck C H A RLIES RESTAURANT 374 Main Street E.O. New Je rs e y Hrs. 6:30-5:30 Ja y & Sandy Boosters Krist Qinly Jo e Desina Jo se tte Wata Karshena Oliver Em m a Henderson Kathleen Talbert Brenda Thurmond Deborah Jo hn son Carolyn Thurmond Sharon Allen Congratulations Venus Jo se p h and best wishes for the future. Love Naryse, Petion, Anderson and Je a n To My Friend Ju d elin e Jo sep h , I wish you success in all your endeavors. Congratulations, best wishes and may God be with you. Congratulations Ja n in e Alfonzo Leroy The Professional Bus Driver Love Je a n , Maryse and Alex Ronald Weisenthal Owner Congratulations Ja n in e Alfonzo 102 Halsey 5t. Newark, N.J. 07102 (973) 624-264S> Walk-Rite Too! 112 Halsey Street Newark, N.J. 07102 (973) 624-1993 S t ore hours- M onday thru S a tu rd a y 10am-6:30pm Congratulations Ja n in e tfest u //jj!e s £ /a ss o/JOOO fr e w $ (973) 535-0555 Fax (973) 535-0554 $ MORDAN & CHECK CASHING ^ Best Wishes Samath Hayte Bernstein & Bernstein Certified Public A ccountants 190 South Clinton Street East Orange, N J 07018 ( 9 7 3) 6 7 8 - 1 3 3 6 Fax # < 9 7 * ) 6 7 8 - 5 1 7 3 Michael A. Bernstein, CPA Partner 10 Wildwood Avenue Livingston, NJ 07039 OMNI TRAVEL & TOURS (D.B.A.) OMNI MANAGEMENT CORP. ..FJox a tEnlcjfilii Ju l UU uii-Ci c ^ io n z y m o o n i • Q / a c a t io n i. 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S a u n d e r s COUNCILMAN - FOURTH WAR D OFFICE:(973) 266-5113 PAGER:(973) 719-4180 FAX: (973) 672-9429 CITY OF EAST ORANGE 44 CITY HALL PLAZA EAST ORANGE, NJ 07019 E-mail [email protected] 348 Central Avenue East Orange, NJ 07018 Tel: (973) 674-9804 7 Hours Days A Week Appointments Suggested (973) 674-8260 PEOPLE S CHOICE Tel: 973-673-3777 Tel & Fax' 973-673-3887 WEST INDIAN - AMERICAN RESTAURANT FRESNI TRANS-INTERNATIONAL, INC. •Oxtails •Curry Goat • Curry Chicken •Rod •Fish •Broun Stew Chicken e.t.c. 63 Central Ave. East Orange, N .J. 0701 8 Open STANLEY COKE Mon. - Sat. 9AM - 10PM Manager Fresni Superette 72 City Hall Plaza East Orange. N.J. 07017 African - West Indian - Latin American American Groceries. Specialties & Spices Best of Luck! Class of 2000 ALI/AUDRENE/ROCK HOME OF THE GOLDEN BROWN o th e re follow ! Eatery (973) 673-5031 351 Main St. East Orange, NJ UNISEX HAIR DESIGN Catering to the Best in Total Hair Care Tel. (973)624-7322 Congratulations Janine QUTfE9t TIZZA I Free Delivery 114 Halsey Street • Newark, New Je rsey 07102 FOR THE FINEST IN QUALITY AND SERVICE (201) 673-9133 Suave’s House of Beauty 534 William St. East Orange, NJ 07017 (973) 678-1020 Stylists Asia & Chandra Business Hours Mon. - Thurs. 9:00 to 4 JO Fri.- Sat. 8:00 Until FIRESTONE TIRE & SERVICE CENTERS T IK E STATION f i r e $ t o n e O lM D C E S T W IE BRICK C H U R C H DRY CLEANERS L 519 MAIN STREET E-ORANGE, N.J. 07018 SHOPPING CENTER ie jz s & x s 185 Central Avenue Orange, NJ 07050 Phone 973-677-9494 FAX 973-677-2596 MasterCare* A siore of Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc. Car Service m a m jp h To Keturah Patrons I'm very proud of you Jan in e, Alfonzo Congratulations Jan in e, Ja b &r Ja m il My Rising Star Love Mommy Congratulations Jan in e, Lucille Congratulations Jan in e, Big Jo h n Congratulations Jan in e, Quan Congratulations Ja n in e , Billy Congratulations Jan in e, Officer C J Congratulations Keturah Luv Taryn Good Luck Jan in e, Kenneth & Marvina Best Wishes Jan in e, Auntie, Sidnei Aim for the Stars Ja n in e , Budhu God Bless you Jan in e, Mark I 1:24 Gail Best of Luck in the Future J B , Moore Many Future Blessings Best Wishes Jan in e, Poochie, 109'" Good Luck Jan in e, Crazy Ja m e s 109'" Melissa I'm proud of you Jan in e, Tmain Good Luck Class Of 2000 - Congratulation Sam antha hoyte & Class Of 2000 From Sophia Sealey - Congratulation Sam antha From Heather Haynes Mr. 8f Mrs. Ja m e s V. Lewis, Sr. Mr. & Mrs. Jo h n A. LaLindez Pastor & Mrs. L. Ronald Durham FMZ Women's Support Ministry FMZ Inspirational Choir Linda & Paul Caginalp Willa Mae Crusoe Patrons for Esther Guerrier Reach for the stars bless! -Krista You're the sweetest girl -Darline D. Maranatha, God is coming -Eric Alice Theodore •Phil Picillo David Guerrier •Betty & Michael Sanders Bernadette G u errie r. Mirline Ceide Deborah Thompson •Phyllis Lino Roger Barry Gaile •Raphael Simon Goldman •Barbara Teri Lalas •Rosey G. Lucille Melerhofer •Park Abbey Cleaners Danny & norma Engers F. Moore Boosters (for Ja n in e Brown) Mr. MacDonald Officer Guy Carter Paul's Taste Delight Tree Kimeum La'Mazyck Unisex Robert Wardrick Grandm a Martin Robert Akbar R.B. Gawe Mr. Hinton Mr. Williamson Mrs. Mohr Mrs. Younger Hutch Jo e Versailles Grocery Mrs. Muhammad Mr. Eady Leanna Olivia Evans Natasha Nicole Milner Boosters (for Lam ar Tidwell) Taric Jo n e s Crumbuk Bee Ku B B Shona Trippett Ja la l Trippett Muggsi Little Tracy Hughes Tajuana Spencer Boosters for Shawn Lewis Boosters Barbara Larkin Williams Dr. Olson Ms. Yobbi Chief Terry Marie Figueroa Eric McClain Dikran Cleaners William A. Moseley Tyree Mason Je a n D ineen,RPh. Troy T. Lewis Ja m e s V. Lewis, Jr. Alvin Williams Nathan Lewis Booster For Sam antha Hoyte Evelyn Skipper-Jones Ju an ita Min. Sean Evans The Slotk Market 2000 PhotoDisc. The. Photofest Davis Barber/PholoEdil GB ProductkxvSlock Market Thinking he has !agecoaches offer public passenger service. pioneered a westward and covering 15 miles a day is considered a route to the spice-rich good speed. The coaches travel in stages, East Indies, Christopher changing horses at each stop. As a result, the Columbus lands in the stagecoach line is born. Bahamas. At the time of first European contact, about 90 million Native Americans live in North and South America. Granger Collect* Granger Collection Spanish explorer Hernando Cortes introduces horses from Spain into the New World, changing transportation and culture for Native Americans. Cortes carries out a harsh conquest of Montezuma and the Aztecs. A Pilgrimages to religious sites are seen as acts of faith. Roads and towns develop along the pilgrim routes, expanding trade and communication in Europe. Beginning in 1096, Crusades to the distant Holy Land expose Europeans to Arab culture. W Leif EricsoB reaches North America. Chinese invent magnetic compass Gondolas lirsl appear in Venice. Marco Pnln travels la China. M a n Bridge is bailt. ( 0 0 Q Portuguese esplorers start slavt trade. Mercator creates his world map. f j T fr First Conestagi wagons are built Mayflower lands at PlyuaaQ Rack. Q 0 Vulcanized rubber Is invented. lewis aad Clark entire Auericao West. Q Q franscantiaeatal railread spans U.S. Practical internal combustion engine appears. Public rides first escalatar Pirates terrorize the seas between 1690 and 1730. One of the most notorious pirates is Edward Teach, known as “ Blackbeard.” The fictional Captain Hook first appears in the 1904 play “ Peter Pan” which inspires books, musicals and films A throughout the century. During the Revolutionary War, a submarine is used in battle for the first time. Built by American David Bushnell, the one-person vessel is powered by a hand-cranked propeller. TVentieth-century submarines are complex, nuclear-powered craft used for defense and *r Collection_______ scientific purposes. The first practical wheelchairs provide new mobility for those unable to walk. Early __rk_ France's Montgolfier models of wheelchairs have three wheels brothers launch the and hand cranks to propel the chair forward. first hot-air balloon. Filled with smoke, the silk balloon rises 4 Birchbark canoes provide transportation for - 4 ^ many Native Americans. The canoes are made with a light wood frame covered with pieces of bark sewn together and made watertight with melted pitch. to 6,000 feet. Later that year, the first passengers go aloft— a rooster, a duck and a sheep. provide a new way to get around in ever-more-crowded cities. The world's first underground railway opens in London in 1863. By 1904, New York City inaugurates its first rapid-transit subways. Brw n Brothers Travel by rail revolutionizes land transportation British engineer Richard Trevithick invents the first steam locomotive in 1804, but it is 1825 before railroads haul passengers. Fratf ITvStock Market Humans Henry Ford's moving achieve assembly line makes cars powered flight. The affordable to the masses. first flight of Wilbur Ford produces the first and Orville Wright's Model Tin 1908. In 1964. Flyer lasts 12 seconds the sport)- Ford Mustang and carries Orville rolls out at $2,368 and to a height of 10 feet sets an all-time record above the beach at for first-year sales of a Kittv Hawk. N.C. new model. American Stocfc&rchivc Photos flnt ( r t n ii ■» ( 3 staliaa zeppelin crashes SIM, IMStip H m nsM Bril! Earth { J ) | over Atlantic I Supersonic passenger tliskt begins McDonald s starts drivethrough service. j Pioneer 10 spacecraft leaves solar system. | NASA develops j sspace shuttle. PttMmler and Sa)snrBer tiplore Mtri Chunnel links i U.K. la France. Pileted tallits WorldPh0f0s On her maiden voyage, the great Man walks on I the moon. steam passenger ship Apollo 11 astronauts Titanic, thought to be Neil Armstrong and unsinkable, goes down Buzz Aldrin plant the after hitting an iceberg in American flag 238,000 the North Atlantic. Of the miles from Earth as an more than 2,200 persons estimated 600 million people on Earth watch aboard the ship, about 1,500 perish. O MOO PhotoDiK. Inc. on television, Freeways change the nature and pace of travel in America. In 1956, President Eisenhower authorizes construction of the Interstate Highway System. By the 1990s, this nationwide network includes more than 42,500 miles of highways. First built in 1903, the Harley-Davidson Orbital construction of the International becomes America's best-known motorcycle in Space Station (ISS) begins in 1998 when the 1950s. Raw power and a distinctive rumble space shuttle Endeavor crew members appeal to rebels of the 1950s and 1960s and connect the station's first two sections. to business executives of the 1990s. ISS is to become the largest cooperative space mission in history. his servants to bring him his meat between Europe by storm. two pieces of bread. This way he can eat with Brought to Spain from one hand while continuing to play cards with Mexico, chocolate is the other. The term "sandwich" is born. so costly that Europeans water it down for use as a drink. Natives of Mexico have prized chocolate since ancient times. Culver Pictures - j j. Europe's first King Fralurr* Symlu ^tr/North American Syndnat coffeehouse opens in England. By 1700, there are 2,000 coffeehouses in London alone. Early coffeehouses A As the millennium begins, European peasant -4 ® - food is plain and often scarce. Feasting on meat is reserved for the wealthy. Table utensils include only a knife; most people just eat with their hands. Slabs of dense are important places to transact business. Lloyd's Coffeehouse evolves into Lloyd’s of London, the giant insurance brokerage. bread, called trenchers, serve as plates. Spices are costly taries. * Q Spice trade inspires eiplaralion. World's lirst r e ju r a l opens , In China. Q Native Americans Introifoce popcorn lo colonists. Forks lirst appear on tailis Q Boston Tea Party fuels nbellm. Potato (amine swells IrixA emigration. i Q Jell 0 is a new Ireat. Canned loods appear lo stores. Q Tupperware is l o t : M . first commercial pizzeria opens Q Pop top caos are created. Packaged salads iecome ovailatle Q f Orjanc M salts star <2) Swanson creates the TV dinner, sold in boxes designed to look like television sets. Frozen dinners are possible because of Clarence Birdseye’s 1929 invention of early methods for freezing food. Domestic ice chests provide early refrigeration. Blocks of ice are cut, delivered to homes and sold for use in kitchen ice chests. It is the early 1930s before reliable electric home refrigerators are in common use. <$>► £ £ Brooklyn, is the first to deliver milk in glass bottles. For many years the America's first large self-service supermarket opens, followed by the invention of the grocery shopping cart in 1937. During the Depression, supermarkets become a significant part of the food distribution network. neighborhood milkman is the most common way Choices expand in school lunch programs. to obtain fresh milk, Agrowing number of public schools begin before the age featuring national fast-food outlets and soft of supermarkets. drink brands in the school lunchroom. sheep's bladder as a ball. As the millennium wooden blocks to print closes, millions of American youth play in playing cards, one of the organized soccer leagues. In 1999, the U.S. first uses of printing in women’s soccer team wins the World Cup. Europe. Playing cards come to Europe-from the Middle East during the Crusades. Golf;sa popular sport in Scotland. In 1552, Saint Andrews is a favorite place for golfing. Mary, © W W P M o th * i;.f Q Queen of Scots is Archery competition is a common pastime in reportedly the first the Middle Ages. Archery skill is so important woman golfer and that English kings ban football because it helps spread golf's takes men away from archery practice. popularity in Europe. E ir tfo u Q Invent ckecktrs and darts Scran barters ( T ) Norwsy irtroduces use wooden pins, alpine skiing slue tall. as spori. French enjoy early lara of lennis. Native Americans piny lacrosse Q Scottish blacksmith invents pedal bicycle. let Hockey originates In Canada. ( H ) James Nalsmith { P ) LEGOcompany ( J ) Faotball tans invents basketball. opens in Denmark. enjny first Siper Bowl. Coney Island instills firs! roller coaster. Yo-yo is inlrnfced Bardie is b < £ > inUS. Game consnles incorporate PC technology. Coftxs-Bcllnunal'PI Baseball is first p|ayedasan organized sport at Hoboken, NJ., when the New York Club defeats the Knickerbocker Baseball Club on June 19. More than 100 years later, Jackie Robinson breaks the color barrier in major league baseball in 1947. Game shows become widely popular TV fare in the 1950s. One of the top 10 shows of 1959, NBC’s Reulcrs/Kimimasas Mavanu/Archive Photon "The Price Is Right," still draws large audiences in 1999 on CBS. where it is the longest-running game show in television history. Michael i Parker Brothers introduces Monopoly, which Jordan, becomes one of the world's most successful considered by board games. By the late 1990s, the popular many to be basketball's game is available on interactive CD. greatest player, retires from the NBA. His Athens, Greece, hosts the first modern Olympics. Winter Games are not held until talents lead the 1924. At the 1998 Winter Olympics, American Chicago Bulls figure skaters Tara Lipinski and Michelle Kwan to six NBA win the gold and silver medals respectively, championships in the 1990s. and China’s Lu Chen wins the bronze. R eutm 'C orbis-B ettm ann ign language is a means Wiliam Shakespeare’s “ Romeo and Juliet" of communication for some is first performed. London's Globe Theater early cultures. It bridges opens in 1599, where many of his plays are language differences staged. By 1600, the great playwright pens between societies and at least 20 plays. eventually evolves into a formal alphabet for communication by the hearing impaired. © 2000 PhotoDisc. Inc. Johann Gutenberg invents a way to massproduce the written word. He devises the A Literacy is reserved for the clergy and a few -tMP- students. Monks and scribes laboriously first Western movable- ; type system and a new copy books by hand using goose-quill pens. kind of printing press. Books are such rare treasures that in some Gutenberg’s inventions libraries they are chained to the shelf. speed the spread of knowledge and literacy. Most Eoropesns A are illitente. Chinese 0 invent first movable type. Japanese woman writes the first novel. . Europe eipsods use ol Arabic numerals. Some societies use smoke signals. Printed mosic appears. Chaucer pens CmlerltwiiTiles. Leonardo da Vinci paints MomLia. fead pencils make writing easier. ( J ) ( 2 ) clocli,,liBr designs tirst mmole hand. Britlsl Navy originates signal f f T f r Hag messages. 0 ( f f ) Declaration ol Independence creates U.S. Mezirt composes fit age eight. 0 Braille ievelips reading system lor the blind. The first Instant long-distance communication is possible. regularly Samuel Morse invents the telegraph and a printed newspaper is dot-dash code to carry messages over a wire. a four-page weekly In 1851, Hiram Sibley founds Western Union publication, the Relation, Telegraph Company. printed in Germany. It is 1702 before the first daily newspaper appears, The Daily Courant of London. Frenchman Nicephore Niepce creates the first permanent photograph. His partner, Christopher Louis Daguerre, carries Niepce's work further by inventing a process of capturing images on metal plates. Sholes invents the typewriter. To keep rapid typists from jamming the keys, Sholes designs the keyboard so that One if by land, two if by sea. Lanterns signal frequently combined the advance of British troops, and Paul letters are located far apart. Revere rides to warn American colonists This layout lasts into the of the attack. His famous ride also signals computer age. the beginning of the American Revolution. .Alexander Guglielmo Marconi invents the radio. Graham Bell providing a way for sound to travel long patents the telephone. distances without the use of wires. During By the end of the the 1920s and 1930s, radio is the primary millennium, missing source of news and family entertainment a phone call is almost for most Americans. impossible as answering machines take instant messages. Cell phones, beepers and voice mail expand options. Inventor Thomas Edison patents a practical electric Austria introduces the first postcards. For light bulb. Electric lights only pennies, postcards keep people in touch have a profound effect before telephones are common. Calling cards, on society, increasing commercial valentines and other printed opportunities for reading, personal greetings are popular customs. writing, socializing and working. 9 P a r E ir * a cirrles n il i A- ( T ) Viewer: avvtf t at i early silent E fla i touts Mickey Mouse appears bo Ilia. U.S. w in rtgh: IB vste Bell Lais invents lirsl transistor. Drive in theaters attract crowds. I Kins delivers "I Have a Dream” speech. Bnssia launches TV carries President Kennedy's tuners!. Vietnam War sparks pretests. Q MTV goes on sir. Berlin Wall lolls. IT ) HDTV becomes available. Q M o w making Personal experiences a computers "golden age” in the late become available to 1930s and early 1940s. In 1939, the mass market, thus Gone With the Wind and The Wizard of Oz premiere. Citizen Kane follow's in 1941, and Casablanca in 1942. Studio paving the way for desktop publishing. By 1990, laptop notebook computers allow people giants are MGM, Paramount, to compute from RKO and Warner Brothers. almost anywhere. OB Productiori'Stock Market Granger Collection © 2000 PhotoDisc, Inc. © Corbis Elvis Presley’s unique blend of blues, country, rock and gospel fans and makes him "the King" of rock and roll. In 1956, his debut album becomes the first in history to sell a million copies. Millions of people worldwide cruise the Television is invented in 1926, and regular Information Highway via the Internet, and network TV broadcasts begin after World War instantaneous e-mail communication 11. One of TV’s most popular shows is CBS’s becomes common. As the millennium “ I Love Lucy,” premiering in 1951. Television ends, computer, TV, video and telephone transforms almost every aspect of life in the technologies begin to converge. twentieth century. Queen Elizabeth is the fashion trendsetter, return from popularizing the wide skirt, jeweled wig, high the Middle East with bald forehead, and decorative ruff around the new ideas, including neck. She is rumored to have 3,000 dresses. that of the slass mirror. 4 Medieval knights wear a short wool tunic Medieval men's shoes have long, and a coat of chain mail. Gauntlets (heavy pointed toes. Individuals of higher leather gloves) and sword complete the social status are allowed to have longer attire, which is so costly only wealthy men points on their shoes, some as long as 18 inches. can afford to be knights. Moss stuffed into the toe maintains its shape. Europeans wear ( 0 simple tunics and leggings. Spectacles Q originate in Italy, j j Buttoos appear as decoration. not lasleners. Toottibfusli is invented. Men and women wear earrings. Q High heels are popular lor men and women. Cosmetics and perlume cnme inln fashion, "flappers" wear bobbed hair, short dresses. Corsets and hustles are essential attire. j Q Nylon stockings first appear WW ll prompts shoe rationing. [ I < 5 > Atn hairdo is popolar. Hair gels long, skirts gel short. ! ' Q "Retro" lashions mimic e Culver Pictures Men and women With flowers in wear elaborate their hair and powdered wigs made of everywhere, hippies human hair, horsehair and express their philosophy goat hair. Because the of world peace and love. large wigs are heavy and Hippies favor bell-bottom hot, some people shave jeans, granny dresses, their heads and wear a bare feet, long hair, cloth cap under the wig to beads, headbands and absorb perspiration. Henn DilttCorbis bright colors. Levi Strauss & Company Archives Young Levi Strauss comes to America in the 1850s and makes riveted canvas work pants for California gold miners. When he switches from canvas to blue denim, Strauss unknowingly creates one of America’s greatest contributions to fashion. Indoor malls are popular with teens not only Granger Collection for shopping, but also for socializing. The The Industrial Revolution brings mass-produced first enclosed mall is built in 1956. In 1992, textiles, standard clothing sizes and the first the Mall of America, the largest mall in the ready-to-wear garments. In 1851, Isaac Singer U.S., opens in Minnesota. invents the home-use sewing machine. P r in te d in U . S A © 2000 J o s te n s , In c . 990382 ( 2 1 9 1 ) lostens] 23 t h 5 4 31 e 5 n e w m i l l e n n i u m